KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
JMGHIEIM CUU MOT SO BIEIXI PHAP KY THUAT IVHAIM GidlVG HUU TIMH C A Y HA THU O DO (Polygonum multifiarum Thunby TAI QUAIMIi BilMH
Lfi Tlii Huong Giang' T ( ! ) M T A T
Bai viet trinh bay k^t qua nghidn ciiu vd anh huung cua gia the, thoi vu gieo hat den Idia nSng myc mam.
sinh truong ciia cay Ha thu 6 do d giai doan viron uom. Cac thi nghiem ducrc trien khai tir thang 12/2018 d^n thang 4/2019 tai thanh phd Dong Hoi. tinh Quang Binh. Ket qua nghien cuu cho thay: Th6i vu gieo h^t tot nhat vao 20/01. Cac gia th^ gieo hat phdi tron gom dat thit nhe. phan hiiu co hoai muc v^ xo' dira cho ti
!$ moc mam, ti 1^ cay xuat vuon cao hon va thoi gian xuat viron som hon so voi gia Ihd chi phdi trpn 70% dat thit nhe va 30% phan huu co hoai muc. Trong do, gia die phoi tron theo ti le 50% dat diit nhe -i- 30% phan chuong + 20% xo dira cho ket qua tdt nhat v6i: Ti le moc mam dat 64.23%, ti \k cay xuat vmm 100% va didi gian xu^t vuon som nhat (56 ngay). cay con sinh truong tot nhat ve so la/cay, chi^u cao b giai do^n vuon uom.
Tikhda: Gia the, HA tim 6 do (Polygonum niulhilorum Tliunb), nhan giong hmi tinh. thdivy.
I.BilTVANDE
Trong sd cdc loai cay Uiudc pho bidn, Hd thii d do (Polygonum multiHorum Thunb^ thudc hg Rau ram (Polygonaceae) la mot loai cdy duoc hen quy, cd gia tii kinh td; la lodi da dugc ghi trong Sach dd Viet Nam (1996) can duyc bao ve [Ij. Rd cii cua cay Ha thii d dd dugc su dung nhieu ti'ong y hgc cd truyen Vi?t Nam va Trung Qudc. vi thudc nay cd tdc dung bo gan, than, tri tiidn kinh suy nhuoc, cac benh ve than kinh, ich huydt khde gan cdt, lam den rau. tdc ddi vdi ngudi bac tdc sdm. Id va than cung duoc diing lam vi tiiudc [1, 4]. Dugc lieu Ha thii 6 dd da duoc dua vao Duoc dien Viet Nam [2].
Trudc day, ngudn Ha thu d do ly nhien b Viet Nam kha ddi ddo nhung gdn day do nhu cdu vd loai cay ndy kha ldn, vi vay chung bi khai thdc qua muc.
ciing vdi nan pha rimg Ian tran nen ten luong dd bi giam stit nghiem trpng, cd nguy co can kiet ngoai tu nhien va khdng cung cdp du ngudn duoc lieu cho viec che bien va san xuat thudc dd chiia benh cho ngudi dan.
Phat trien dien tich ti'dng cdy dugc lieu cung dang la hudng di dugc linh Quang Bmh quan lam nghien ciiu. tridn khai sau rdng theo chu tiirong tdi CO cau ngdnh ti'dng trgt tiieo hudng chuyen ddi ca cau cdy trong phii hgp, tiiich ung vdi bidn ddi khi
hau, uu tien phat tridn ndng nghidp cdng ngh& cao, nong nghiep hiru co [5].
Tuy nhj^n, cho den nay vide nghien ctiu ve cay Ha thii 6 dd d Quang Binh cdn rat ban che. dac bidt la nhung nghidn cihi vd ky thuat gieo uom. ti'dng va cham sdc. Chinh vi the, de gdp phdn cho cdng tdc bao tdn phat tnen cdc loai cay dugc lieu vd ngan chan cac tdn that da dang sinh hoc, cung cap co sd khoa hgc cho khai tiiac va phdt tiien lodi cay nay. vide nghien cim kha nang nhdn gidng va sinh trudng ciia cdy con d-giai doan vudm uom la rdt cdn thiet.
Z. VAT UEU VA PHUDNG PHAP NGHIBV CUU 2.1. Vat li^u nghidn cuu
Sir dung hat gidng cdy Ha thii d dd (ldn khoa hgc: Polygonum multiBorum Thunb) va vat Ueu lam gid tiid. bao gdm: phan chuong hoai muc, xa dira, ddt tiiit nhe de tiiuc hien cac tiii nghiem.
2.2. Dia didm vd thdi gian nghidn oiu Nghien cuu dugc thuc hien tai Vudn thuc nghiem Ndng Lam, Trudng Dai hoc Qudng Binh, thanh phd Ddng Hdi, tinh Quang Binh, tu thdng 12 ndm 2018 den tiiang 4 nam 2019.
2.3. Phuong phdp nghidn cuu 2.3. L Phuong phap nghien cdu lyUiuyel
Thu thdp va tham khao tai lieu tir cdc ngudn khac nhau: sdch. bao, tap chi tiong va ngoai nude, internet... cd ben quan den ddi tugng vd ndi dung nghien cuu.
Tnrcmg Dai hpc Quang Binh
».A...« . . . ^ . . i r n v/A DUAT TDIFM N O N G THON - K Y I -THANG 9/2019 43
2.3.2. Phuong phap nghidn ciiu thuc nghiem a. Bd tri cac thi nghidm
* Thinghi$m 1: Nghien ciiu dnh hudng cua thdi vu gieo hat ddn kha nang mpc mam vd mdt sd chi tieu sinh tnrdng ciia cay con d giai doan vudn uom.
Thi nghiem dugc bd tn vdi 3 cdng thuc cho 3 thdi gian gieo khdc nhau. moi cdng thuc nhdc lai 3 ldn, mdi Ian nhdc lgi gieo 150 hat, bao gdm cdc cdng thirc sau: Cong tiiuc 1: Gieo hat 20/12/2018; cdng thuc 2: Gieo hat 20/01/2019; cong thiic 3: Gieo hat 20/02/2019. Mdi cdng tiiuc bd tri 30 bau/Idn nhdc lai, hat gidng dugc gieo true tiep trong bdu, mdi bdu gieo 5 hat. Sau khi dinh cay, mdi bau trdng mdt cay.
Cdc cdng thlic tr^n ddu dugc thuc hidn tren cung mdt loai gia thd (phdi tron 70% dat tiijt nhe + 30%
phdn chudng hoai muc) ddng vdo cac bdu trom bdng tiii PE cd kich thudc 10x20 cm, cdch gieo hat, cham sdc gidng nhau d' tat ca cdc cong thiic.
' Thi nghidm 2: Nghien ctiu anh htrdng cua gia the gieo den khd nang mgc mam vd mgt sd chi tieu sinh trudng ciia cdy con crgiai doan vudn uom.
Thi nghiem dugc bd tri theo phirong phap khdi ngdu nhi^n day dii, gom 3 cdng thiic, mdi cdng thtrc nhac Iai 3 Idn, bao gdm cdc cdng thtic sau: Cdng thiic 1: 70% dat thit nh? + 30% phan chudng hoai muc;
cdng thtic 2: 60% ddt thit nhe + 30% phdn chudng hoai muc + 10% xa dira; cdng thiic 3: 50% ddt thit nhe -H 30% phdn chudng hoai muc + 20% xo dira. M6i cong thtic bd tri 30 bau/Idn nhdc I?u. hgt gidng dugc gieo true tidp trong bdu cd kich thudc 10x20 cm. moi bdu gieo 5 hat. Sau khi dinh cdy, mdi bdu trdng mdt cay.
Thi nghidm dugc thuc hien trong thang 01/2019, ky thuat gieo hat, cham sdc gidng nhau b tat ca cdc
b. Cac chi tidu theo ddi
- Thdi gian tii khi gieo ddn khi bdt ddu mgc mam (ngay): 10% sd hat cd Id mam nhu ra khdi mat d^t.
- Thdi gian tir khi gieo ddn khi ket thuc mgc mdm (ngay): Theo doi tir khi hgt bdt dau mgc mdm cho den khi 3 ngay hen hic khdng cd hai mgc mam them.
- Thdi gian xuat vudn (ngdy): 50% sd cdy du tieu chuan xuat vudn.
- Ty le mgc mam (%): (sd hat mgc nidm/tdng sd hat gieo) x 100.
- Ty le cay xuat vudn (%): sd cdy du tieu chudn xudt vudn/tdng sd cay sau khi dmh cdy. (Cay dii tidu chuan xuat vudn: cd tir 4-5 la that tia ldn, chieu cao tir 25-35 cm, khdng hi sau benh.).
• Chieu cao cdy (cm), sd Id/cdy Qa/cay) d giai doan vudn uom: Bdt ddu theo ddi khi cay cd tir 34 la that tid Idn; tiieo doi tren 10 cay/1 ldn nhdc Iai, 7 ngay theo doi mdt lan.
- Chidu cao, sd Id/cdy khi xuat vudn.
2.3.3. Phuong phap xuly thdng ke sdheu Sd li^u dugc xir ly trdn phan mdm Excel, Minitab version 16.2 (2010). Su sai khac giiia cac gia tii tiimg binh dugc tien hdnh phan tich tiieo phuong phap Tukey(HSD).
3. KET qUA niGMBU CUU VA THAO L U i ^
3.1. Anh hudng cua thdi vu gieo hgt ddn khd ndng mgc mdm vd sinh tiudng cua cdy Hd thu 6 dd 6 giai doan vudn uom
31.1. Anh hudng cua thdi vu 0eo hat den kha nang moc mam
cdng thtrc.
Bdng 1. Anh hudng cua thdi vu gieo hat ddn khd ndng moc mdm
Thoi vu gieo
CT 1: 20/12/2018 CT 2: 20/01/2019 CT 3: 20/02/2019
Sd lugng hgt gidng gieo (hat) 150
Thdi gian tir khi gieo hat ddn khi bat dau
mgc mam (ngay) (M ± SEM)
l8-'±0.00
Thdi gian tir khi gieo hat den khi kdt thuc mgc mam (ngay) _ ( r ^ ± S E M )
29- ± 1,00 26-" 1.00 24'' ± 0,00 0.01
TI le mgc mdm
(%)
(M ± SEM) 38.47-" ±0.96 41,80'±2.18 31,80" ±2.8 Ghi chu: CT: Cdng thuc; M: Sd irung binh; SEM- sai sd ciia sd trung binh; cac cha cai khac nha
Cling mot col chira sir sai khac cd y nghia thdng ke vdi P <0,05. ^^"^
N O N G NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 9/2019
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE Ket qua nghien ciiu d- bdng 1 cho thay: Thdi vu
gieo hat cd dnh htrdng ro ret den thdi gian mgc mdm va ti 1? mgc mam cua gidng cay Ha tiiu 6 dd, cd su khac nhau cd y nghia thdng ke giua 3 cong tiiuc thi nghidm (p < 0,05), cu the:
Thdi gian tir khi gieo den khi bdt dau mgc mam va kdt tinic mgc mdm cua cdng thiic 1 (gieo 20/12) ddi hon cdng tinic 2 (gieo 20/01) va cdng tinic 3 (gieo 20/02). Thdi gian mgc mdm va ket thtic mgc mdm b tiidi vu gieo ngay 20/01 ngdn nhat so vdi hai cdng Ihiic cdn lgi. Thdi gian tir khi gieo den khi bat dau mgc mam va kdt thtic mgc mam d' cdng thiic 2 ngan hon cdng thiic 1 va dai hon cdng thuc 3 khoang 2-3 ngdy. Tuy nhien, thdi vu gieo 20/12 va gieo 20/01 cho ti Id mgc mam cao hon so vai gieo vdo 20/02.
Trong dd, cdng thu-c 2 (gieo 20/01) cho ti le mgc mdm cao nhat (41,80%), tiep dd la cong thtic 1 (gieo 20/12) vdi 38.47%, thap nhat la cdng tinic 3 (gieo 20/02) chi 31,80%.
3.1.2. Anh hudng ciia tiidi vu gieo bat den tlidi gian xuat vudn va tile cay xuat vudn
Bdog 2. Anh hudng cua thdi vu gieo hgt ddn thdi gian xudt vudn vd ti Id cdy xudt vudn
Thfiri vu gieo
CT 1:20/12/2018 CT2:20/01/2019 CT 3:20/02/2019
Sd lugng cay sail khi dinh cay (cay) 30 30
Thoi gian xuat viron (ngiiy) (M ± SEM) 63^''' ± 2,00 69" ± 0.00 0.03
Ti le cay xuat vu6n(%}
(M ± SEM) 82.23±2.94 76.63 ± 3.33 0.41 Ghi chu: CT: Cdng tiivtc; M: Sd tivng binh; SEM:
sai sd cua sd tmngbinh; cac chu cai khac nhau trong cung mdt cot chi ra su sai khac cdy nghia thdng ke vdiP<0,05
Bang 3. Anh hudng ciia thdi vu gieo hat ddn chieu cao cdy ciia cdy con d giai doan vudn uom tai thdnh phd Ddng Hoi, tinh Qudng Binh, nam 2019
Qua bang 2. cho thdy: Thdi vu gieo hgt khac nhau ciing anh hudng tdi tiidi gian xuat vuon ciia cdy con Hd thu d dd. Cdng tiiirc gieo hat vdo 20/01 cho thdi gian xuat \Tron sdm nhat (62 ngay), mudn nhdt la cdng tinic gieo vdo 20/02 (69 ngay). Giua cdng tinic gieo 20/12 vd 20/01 chenh lech nhau khdng ddng ke.
Ket qua nghien ctru cho thay cac thdi vu gieo hat khdc nhau khdng anh hudng nhidu den ti !e cdy xuat vudn. ti le cdy xuat vudn cua cdc cdng thiic vdo khoang 76,63 - 82,23%, giua cdc cdng thtrc khdng cd su sai khdc y nghia ve mat thdng ke.
3.1.3. Anh hudng ciia thai vugieo hat ddn mdt sd cbi tidu sinh tnrdng cua cay con Ha tini d dd dgiai doan vudn uom
Ket qua trinh bay d bdng 3, bang 4 cho tiidy:
chidu cao cay, sd Id/cay d giai dogn 40, 47, 54 ngay sau gieo giiia cdc cdng thiic khdng thay cd su sai khac cd y nghia thdng kt (p>0,05). Khi xuat vudn, cdng thlic 1 co chidu cao cay cao nhdt (30.83 cm);
cong thtrc 2 cd sd la/cdy nhieu nhat (14,56 Id/cay), tiiap nhdt la cdng tinic 3 (28.36 cm va 11.7 Id/cay).
Su chenh lech vd chidu cao cay va sd Id/cdy cua cong tinic 1 va 2 khong khdc biet nhidu. Sd di cd kdt qua nay Id do trong khoang thdi gian tiidng 1, tiidng 2 va nira dau thdng 3 dieu kien thdi tiet luong ddi thudn lgi cho sinh trudng ciia cdy con Hd thd d dd vi vay su- tang trudng vd chieu cao cua cac cong thuc thi nghiem tuong ddi ddng ddu. Tuy nhi^n den mia cudi thang 3 va tiidng 4, do cd cac dgt ndng ndng xudt hien vi vay tdc do tang trudng ctia cay con bi cham lgi nen chieu cao cay cua cac cay con cua cdng thirc 3 (gieo 20/02) khi xuat vudn thap hon so vdi cong thuc 1 va cdng thuc 2.
^ ^ , chi tieu
^ ^ . tlieo
^ ^ ^ d o i Cong thlic ^ \
CT 1:20/12/2018 CT 2:20/01/2019 CT 3: 20/02/2019
P
Chieu cao cay (cm) 40 ngay sau
gieo (MiSElVI)
4.10±0.I0 4.83±0.14 3.86+ 0.37 0.06
47 ngay sau gieo OVI+SEM)
6.50+ 0.78 7.33+ 0.79 6.33±0.41 0.51
54 ngay sau gieo 01+SEM) 15,37+1.46 17.47±2.13 14.10+0.36
0.34
Khi xuat vuon (M±SEM) 30,16"+0,38 29,80"+ 0,40 27,70"+ 0.66
0.02
Ghi chu: CT: Cong thuc: .M: Sd tiung binh: SE.M sai sdciia sd trung binh; cac chd cai khac nhau trong Cling mot cot chiia sa sai khac cd y ngbia thdng kd vai P <0.05.
il nukumm NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 9/2019
Bang4. Anh hudng ciia thdi vii gieo hat d & i s d l a / c ^ cua c ^ con dgiai dogn vudn uom tgi tlianh phd Bdng Hdi, tinh Quang Binh, ndm 2019
^ ^ Chi tieu
^ \ ^ theo
^ \ ^ ^ d o i Cong thlic ^ \ ^
CT 1:20/12/2018 CT 2: 20/01/2019 CT 3: 20/02/2019
P
So la/cay 40 ngay sau
gieo (M ± SEM) 3,93 + 0,21 4,63 + 0,08 4,26±0,60
0,46
47 ngay sau gieo (M±SEM) 5,73 ±0,48 6,36 + 0.17 5,53+ 0.54 0,42
54 ngay sau gieo (M + SEM) 8,33 + 0,63 9,23+0,57 7,63 + 0,35
0,18
Khi xuat \ uwn (M + SKM) 13,06"''+ 0,71 14,56"+0,50 11,70'"+0,45
0,03
Ghi chii: CT: Cdng thuc:M: Sd trung binh; SEM: sai sd cua sd trung binh; cac chd cai khac nhau tiong ciingmQt cot chira susaikhac coy ngbia thdng ke vdiP<0,05.
3.2. Anh hudng cua gia th^ ddn khd ndng mgc 3.2.1. Anli hudng cua gia thd den kha ndng moc mdm vd sinh Irudng ciia cdy Hd thu d dd d giai dogn mam aia bat gidng Ha thu 6 do
vudn uom
Bdng 5. Anh hudng cua gid th^ d^n thdi gian mgc mdm vd ti Ig mgc mdm
\ , Chi tieu
\ v theo
\^^ doi Cong thlic N,^
Cong thlic 1 Cong thlic 2 Cong thlic 3
P
Soluong hat gidng gieo (hat) 150 150 150
Thin gian tir khi gieo hat den khi bM dau moc mam (ngay)
(M + SEM) 17 ± 1.00 14+ 1.00 13+ 1.00 0.06
Thoi gian tir khi gieo hat den Idii ket thlic moc mam
(ngay) (M ±SEM)
26 ± 1,00 25+ 1,00 22 + 1,00 0,06
Ti le moc mam
(%)
(M+SEM) 42,23'±1,8I 56.43'± 1,74 64.2.3'+1,81
0,00
Ghi chu: M: Sd trung binh; SEA I: sai sdciia sd trung binh; cac chu cai khac nhau trong cung mdt cdt cbi ra sir sai khac coy nghia thdngkd vdi P<0,05.
Ket qua nghien cthi cho thay: Cdc loai gid the khac nhau anh hudng khdng rd ret den thdi gian mgc mdm ciia hat gidng Ha thu d dd. khong thdy cd su sai khac y nghia vd mat thdng ke giua cdc cong thlic thi nghiem (p>0,05). thdi gian tir khi gieo den khi bdt dau mgc mdm cua cac cong thuc gid the khac nhau dao ddng ti'ong khoang 13-17 ngay va tir gieo den ket thiic mgc mdm Id 22-26 ngay.
Qua kdt qua bang 5 cho thdy, ty le mgc mam cao nhat Id d gia thd cdng thiic 3 (hdn hop 50% dat thit nhe + 30% phdn chudng hoai muc + 20% xo dua) dgt I 64.23%, tiep do la 56,43% ciia gid tiie cong tiiuc 2 (hdn hop 60% dat thit nhe + 30% phdn chudng hoai muc + 10% xir dira) vd tiiap nhat la gia the cdng thiic 1 (hdn hgp 70% dat thit nhe + 30% phdn chudng hoai muc) chi 42.23%. Nhu vay. cdc loai gid the khac nhau cd anh hirdng ro ret den ti le mgc mdm ciia Ha thu d dd.
giCta cac cong thiic co so sai khac y nghia ve mat Ihdng ke(p<0,05).
3.2.2. Anh hudng ciia gia tiie den thdi gian xudt vudn va tile cay xuat vudn
Bdng 6. Anh hudng cua gid till ddn tiidi gian xu^t vudn vd tile cdy xudt vudn
Gbi chii: M Sdtning bmh; SEM: sai so cua sd tnmg hinb; cac chu cai khac nhau b-ong cung mQt cot chira su sai khac cd y nghia tiidng ke voip^Qos,
N O N G NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - TH/ •-
^9/2019
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
Cac gia tti^ khac nhau cd anh hudng ro ret den ihdi gian xuat vudn va ti le cdy xuat vudn (p<0.05).
Gia the phdi ti'dn ciia cdng thiic 3 (50% dat thit nhe + 30% phdn chudng hoai muc + 20% xa dira) cho ti le cdy xudt vudn cao nhdt (100%) vd thdi gian xuat vudn sdm nhat (56 ngdy) so vdi hai cdng thtrc 1 vd 2. Cong thlic 2 (60% dat thit nhe + 30% phdn chudng hoai muc + 10% xu dira) cd ti Id cay xuat vudn ldn hon so vdi cdng tiiLfc 1 (70% dat thit nhe + 30% phdn chudng hoai muc). Cdng thirc 1 cho ti le cdy xuat vudn thap nhat (75,53%) va thdi gian xuat vudn mudn hon cdng thtrc 3 tdi 8 ngay. Cdng thiic 2 cd ti le cay xudt vudn dgt 92,23% va thdi gian xuat virdn sdm hon cong thuc
Bdng 7. Anh hudng cua gid t h i din chidu cao cdy ctia cdy con d giai dogn vudn uom tgi thdnh phd Ddng Hdi, tinh Quang Binh, ndm 2019
1 khoang 4 ngay nhung mudn hon cdng tiiuc 3 cung khoang 4 ngdy.
3.2.3. Anh hudng cua gia thd den mot sd chi tieu sinh trudng cua cay con Ha thu 6 dd dgiai doan vudn nam
Chieu cao cay, sd la/cay Id cdc chi ti^u phdn dnh kha nang sinh trudng cua cay qua dd danh gid dugc siic sinh trudng manh hay yeu cua cay con Ha thu 6 dd trong ciing dieu kien cham sdc d cac loai gid the khac nhau, tu dd lam co sd cho viec chgn lua gid tiid phii hop nhdm tao dieu kidn cho cdy sinh trudng thuan lgi nhat.
\ ^ Chi aeu
> ^ theo
\ , ^ doi Cong thlic \ ,
Cong thlic 1 Cong thlic 2 C6ng thiit 3
P
Chieu cao cay (cm) 40 ngay sau gieo
(M ± SEM) 4,28"+0,10 5.86"+ 0.37 6,63"+0,44
0,00
47 ngay sau gieo (M + SEM) 6,08"+ 0.48 8.27"'+ 1.22 10.25"+ 0,66
54 ngay sau gieo (M + SEM) 15,03'+0.87 19.22"+ 1.18 24.23'+0.51
0.00
Khi xuat vuon (M+SEM) 29.16"+0.37 31.56""+0.72 33,06"±0,72
0.01 Ghi chd- M: Sd trung binh; SEM: sai sdciia sd tmng binh; cac chu cai kbac nbau tiong cung mQt cdt chi ra susaikhac coy nghia thdng ke vdiP<0,05.
Bdng 8. Anh hudng cua gid t h i din sd Id/cdy cua cdy con a giai doan vudn uom tgi thdnh phd Ddng Hdi, tinh Quang Binh, ndm 2019
N^ Chi tieu X,^^ theo
\ v doi Cong thlic \ ,
Cong thiix: 1 Cong thuc 2 Cong thlic 3
P
Scil4/c4y 40 ngay sau gieo
(M ± SEM) 4,70"± 0.20 5.36""+ 0.29 5.90'+0.15
0.02
47 ngay sau gieo (M + SEM) 5,96"+ 0.20 7.23'"± 0,58 S.26"± 0.63
0,05
54 ngay sau gieo (M + SEM) 9.40'+ 0.40 11,63"±0,48 13.83"+0.35
0.00
Khi xuat vuon (M±SEM) ll,50'±0,75 12.80'"+0,79 14,50'±0.23
0.04 Ghi chii: M: Sd tmng binh: SEM: sai sdciia sd tiimg binh; cac chd cai khac nhau ti'ong ciing mot cdt chi ra su sai khac cd y nghia tiidng ke vdi P <0,05.
Kdt qua nghidn ciiu d bang 7 va 8 cho thay:
Chi^u cao cay, su ra Id ctia cay Ha thii d dd da chiu tac ddng kha ro cua cac loai gia the: Vdi cac gia the CO sii dung xo dira (cdng thiic 2 va cdng thtic 3) giiip cho cdy con sinh trudng tdi hon so vdi gia tiie chi phdi tidn ddt thit nhe vd phan chudng hoai muc (cdng tinic 1) d giai dogn vudn uom, cu thd la: chieu cao cay vd sd la/cay d giai doan 40. 47, 54 ngay sau gieo va khi xuat vudn cua cdng thtrc 2 va cong tinic 3 deu cao hon cdng thtrc 1, trong dd cdng thtic 3 cho
chidu cao vd sd la ldn nhat so vdi hai cdng thiic 1 va 2, giOra cac cong thiic cd su sai khac cd y nghia ve mat thdng ke (p<0,05).
Theo Xia etal (2008), gia the cd huu co Idm gia tang am do. gnip tang hoat ddng ciia he rd, ddng gdp quan trong vao sir gia tdng nang suat, dang ke nhat Id su gia tang hieu qua sir dung nude [6). Theo Ngo Nggc Hung va cgng su (2004), chat hiiu co Idm tdng do xdp, hinh thdnh cac doan lap giup cdi thien cau triic dat, tang do thodng khi cung nhu khd nang giii
tl^<kkl,^^ K l ^ ^ l l ouAT TDICM MONG THON - K V 1 - THANG 9/2019 47
nude vd dinh duong. ddng then gia tang tinh dem cua dat rdt cd Igi cho sinh trudng phat tri^n vd cho ndng suat cay trdng [31. Nhu vay. cung phdi trdn iuong phdn chudng hoai muc nhu nhau (30%), nhimg ti Id trdn gid the cd bd sung thdnh phdn xa dua vd giam ti Id dat thit nhe da 1dm tdng ti le chat hiiu co oia gid the, do dd gdp phdn trong viec duy tri do am. tang ctrdng su thdng khi cua dat, ddng thdi thiic day qua trinh chuyen hda cac chdt dinh dtrong cd trong bau dat. Qua dd tao dieu kien cho bd re phdt trien tdt hon, hiit nude vd dinh dudng thudn lgi, giup tang trudng cdy tdt hon so vdi gid the chi trdn dat vd phdn hiiu CO hoai muc, vi vdy da cd anh hudng ro ret den ti le nay mam vd ti le cay xudt vuon. thdi gian xuat vuon vd cdc chi tidu ve chieu cao. sd la/cdy.
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Thdi vu gieo hgt Ha Thii 6 tdt nhdt la gieo vdo 20/01, cho ti Id nay mam cao. thdi gian xudt viron sdm.
Cdc gia thd gieo hgt phoi tign dat thjt nh?, phdn huu CO hoai muc, xo dira cho ti I^ nay mdm. ti Id cdy xual vudn cao hon va thdi gian xuat viron sdm hon so vdi gid the chi phdi Iron dat thit nh? vd phdn hiru co hoai muc. Trong dd gid thd phdi trdn tlieo li Id 50%
dat thit nh? + 30% phdn chudng + 20% xo dira (cdng thirc 3) cho ket qua tdt nhdt vdi: Ti I? mgc mam dat 64.23%, ti le cdy xudt vudn cao (100%) va tfidi gian
xudt vudn sdm nhdt (56 ngay). ca\- con sinli tmoiig tdt nhdt vd sd la/cdy. chieu cao d giai diHui v^ibn uom.
TM LEU THAM KHAO
1. Nguydn Tien Bdn, Tran Dinh Ly. Nguydn Tgp,
\'u Van Dung. Nguyen Nghia Thin, Nguydn Vdn Tidn, Nguydn Khdc Khdi (2007). Sach Dd Met Nam, phan 11- Thuv vat NXB Khoa hgc Tu nhi^n va Cdng nghe, ti". 303-304.
2. Bd Y te (2009). Dupr didn Vidt Nam (lan xuat ban tiid 4) NXB Y hgc. Ha Ndi, ti-. 772-773.
3. Ngd Nggc Hung, Dd Thi Thanh Ren. Vo Thi Guong va Nguydn Thi My Hoa (2004). Bai giang phi nhidu da't tii sdch Dai hgc Can Tho.
4. D6 Tat Lgi (2004). Nhung cay thudc va vi tiiudc Vidt Nam. NXB Y hgc. Ha Ngi. ti". 833-836
5. UBND tinh Qudng Binh (2018). Ke hoach ca cau lai ngAnh nong nghidp tinh Quang Binh giai doan 2018-2020 (Ban hanh kem tiieo Quyet dinh sd 2383/QD-UBND ngay 23/7/2018).
6. Xia X.. X. Yu and J. Gao (2008). Effects of moisture content in organic substrate on the physiological characters, fmit quaility and yield of tomato plant. State key laboratory of crop biology.
College of horticultural science and engineering, Shandong agncultural university, tai' an 271018, Shandong.
RESEARCH ON SOME SEXUAL PROPAGATING TECHNIQUES BY SEED FOR POLYGONUMMULTTFLORUM •Ihunb IN QUANG BINH PROVINCE
Le Thi Huong Giang Summary
The article studies die effects of substrates, die time of sowing on germinaUon ability, the growth of Polygonum multiilorum Thunb in seedlmg stage. The expenments were implemented from December of 2018 to ;^nl of 2019 in Dong Hoi city, Quang Binh province. The result shows ibat The best sowing season on 20* January. Organic substrates including soil, decomposed organic fertilizer and coconut Gber results in higher gemiinadon rates, higher Uee havesting rate in sooner time compared with die organic substrates mixing 70 percent light soil and 30 percent organic fertilizer. In that, the substrate mixed in proporUon of 50 percent light soil + 30 percent organic fertlizer + 20 percent coconut fiber gives tiie best results witii"
germination rate reaches to 64.23 percent, die tree harvesUng rate is 100 percent in the earliest Umi? (56 days): seedlings grow well on indicated height, the number of leaves at the seedling stage.
KeywoMs: Hie substrate. Polygonum multiHorvm Thumb, propagation by seeds, planting season.
Ngudi phdn bien: PGS.TS. Nguyen l h | Ngpc Hu§
Ngdy nhdn bdi: 01/7/2019 Ngdy tiidng qua phdn bi$n: 02/8/2019 Ngdy duy^t dang: 9/8/2019
NONG NGHIEP VA PHATTRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 -THANG 9/2019
