LY LUAN - TRAO £)6\
GIAI PHAP THAO G O "NUT THAT" TRONG VIEC NHAN RONG MO HINH CANH D O N G LOTN LIEN K £ T SAN XUAT LUA d DONG BANG SONG CUtJ LONG HIEN NAY***
M a i Triin Hai Dang H a Dinh Thanh Tom tat: Sau gan 10 nam trien khai thuc hien, mo hinh "Cdnh dong lan " a Dong bang song Cuu Long da cho thay hiiu qud trong viec xdy dung nen san xudt lua gao hien dai, theo chuoi khep kin, tgo ra san luong Ion, dong diu, tang chdt luong lua vd nhdt Id tao ra gid tri gia tang cao cho hat ggo Tuy nhiin, viec ma rang dien tich mo hinh liin kit san xudt lua then gian qua gap rdt nhiiu kho khan, vuang mac, nhdt Id khdu liin kit giiia doanh nghiep vd nong ddn. Do do, truac yiu cau mai cua qud trinh sdn xudt vd thi trudng tiiu thy. lua gao, viec to chuc, sap xep lai vd doi mai lien kit giiia cdc chu the de vyc day mo hinh cdnh dong lan a vitng trong diim sdn xudt nong nghiep cua cd nuoc ngay cdng tra nen cap thiet Tren co so ndy, bdi viet de cap tai cdc khia canh nhu: i) Mot so ket qud noi bat trong phdt triin mo hinh cdnh dong lan Hen kit sdn xudt liia hien nay a Bong bang song Cliu Long: H) Van di dat ra doi vai viec nhan rgng mo hinh cdnh dong Ion liin kit trong sdn xudt Ida o Dong bang song Cuu Long: Hi) Gidi phap hodn thien vd nhan rang mo hinh cdnh dong Ion gan voi lien ket sdn xudt lua a Dong bang song Cuu Long thai gian tai.
Tir khoa: Gidi phap; mo hinh; cdnh dong lan; lien kit sdn xudt liia; Dong bang song Cuu Long.
Dat v a n de
Ddng bang sdng Cim Long (DBSCL) co dien tich 39.725 km^ (chiem 12% dien tich tu nhien cua ca nude), vdi tren 2,4 trieu ha dat canh tac ndng nghiep. Tong dan sd udc tinh khoang 20 trieu ngudi (chiem 22% dan sd ca nude), ddng gdp 40%
gia tri san xuat nong nghiep (tren 50% san lugng lita ca nude, 90% san lugng gao). Nam 2018, DBSCL diing dau ca nude ve san lugng liia, torn, ca tra va trai cay (san lugng liia 24,5 trieu tdn, chiem 56% san lugng ca nude) (Bg Ndng nghiep va Phat trien ndng thon, 2019). Thai gian qua, cac
*'' Bai viet la san pham cua D6 tai cip Qu6c gia "Ca che, chinh sack lien ket kinh te noi viing vd lien viing doi vai vung Tay Nam bo theo hirong phdt trien bin vimg" (Ma s6: KHCN-TNB.DT/14-19/X11) thuoc Chuong trinh Khoa hoc va Cong nghe phuc vu phat trien ben viing viing Tay Nam bo. Chii nhiem dS tai:
PGS.TS Biii Quang Tu4n.
dia phuang trong viing da xay dung, phat trien cac hinh thiic hgp tac. Hen ket san xuSt gan vdi che bien, tieu thu ndng san, hinh thanh nhiing vimg san xuat tap trung, tir dd ling dung ddng bg cac tien bo khoa hgc ky thuat de san xuat san pham vdi khfii lugng Idn va ehSt lugng dam bao. Rieng dien tich san xuSt lua viing DBSCL cd 427,8 nghin ha (chiem tdi 73,9% dien tich canh ddng Idn (CDL) cua ca nude), trong do CDL lien kk san xudt liia khoang 380 nghin ha (Bg Ndng nghiep va Phat trign ndng thdn, 2019).
Mo hinh "Canh ddng Idn" (ten ggi ban dku la
"Canh ddng mlu Idn") dugc n-i6n khai rgng rai hi khi Thii hrdng Chmh phii ban hanh Quy6t dmh so 62/2013/QD-TTg ngay 19/10/2013 \h chinh sach khuyen khich phat trien hgp tac, lien ket san xuat gan vdi tieu thu ndng san, xay dung CDL. Day la hinh thirc td chirc san xuat dua fren ca sd hgp tac, lien ket giiia ngudi ndng dan hoac td chiic dai dien
20 PHAT T R | £ N B ^ N VU-NG V U N G Q U Y E N 9, S6 3 (9/2019)
Mai T r a n Hai Bang - Ha Bmh Thanh Giai phap thao g^...
cua ndng dan vdi doanh nghiep (DN) trong san xuat gan vdi che bien va tieu thu nong san tren mong dat cd dien tich quy md Idn, vdi muc dich tao ra san lugng ndng san tap trung, chat lugng cao, tang siic canh tranh tren thi tru'dng nhkm nang cao hieu qua san xuat, tang thu nhap cho cac chii the tham gia rad hinh.
Trong qua trinh trien khai thuc hien xay dung mo hinh CDL lien kSt san xuSt lua d DBSCL thdi gian qua, cac ben tham gia lien ket d6u thu hudng cac lgi ich mot each cao nhat, trong do ndng dan dugc hudng lgi tir cac dich vu phuc vu san xuat, chit lugng vat tu ndng nghiep va cac gia tri tang them cho liia tir cac boat ddng dich vu nhiSu nhat.
Dac biet, eac quy trinh san xuat tien tien duoc ap dung, timg budc dugc dich vu hda tat ca cac khau trong san xuat tir giong, lam ddt, cham sdc, quan ly nude den thu hoach, bao quan, che bien, ton trii, ... giiip gia tang nang suit, chit lugng va gia tri hat gao, tang tinh canh tranh va lgi nhuan. Cd the khang dinh day la chu truang phu hgp vdi thuc tien san xuat ndng nghiep cua nude ta ndi chung, khu vuc DBSCL ndi rieng.
Mac dii dat dugc nhiSu ket qua tich cue, thuc te trien khai ciing dang xuat hien nhiing han che, bat cap can tiep tuc tong ket, nit ra nhung bai hgc can thiet de phat trien hgp tac, lien ket gan san xuat vdi tieu thu xay dung CDL. Chang han nhu dien tich CDL trong san xuat lua chiem ty le rat nhd so vdi tdng dien tich cay trong vimg DBSCL (khoang 9%o dien tich gieo trdng lua cua vimg); tdc do md rgng dien tieh lien ket CDL cdn cham; sd hg ndng dan, hgp tac xa (HTX) tham gia lien kk trong md hinh chua nhieu. Mat khac, tinh trang pha vd hgp ddng thuong xuyen xay ra giiia ndng dan va DN. Do dd, viec tim ra giai phap giup mo hinh lien ket nay phat trien ben vUng chinh la dieu kien tien de can thiet de phat trien san xuat hang hda quy md Idn trong ndng nghiep d vung DBSCL hien nay.
1. M o t s6 k i t qua noi bat trong phat triin md hinh canh d6ng Ion lien ket san xuSt Ilia hien nay oe Dong bang song Cuu Long
Trudc khi md hinh CDL ra ddi, nhieu md hinh ky thuat tham canh theo hudng tang nang suat.
giam gia thanh frong san xuit lua gao nhu "Canh ddng mot gidng", "Canh ddng Men dai", "Canh dong lua chat lugng cao" dua vao viec ap dung cae bien phap trdng trgt mdi, bao gdm: 3 giam - 3 tang, 1 phai - 5 giam... da dugc trien khai thuc hien d DBSCL.
Tu hieu qua hen, md hinh CDL lien ket san xuat Ilia xuit hien ikn dau d DBSCL trong vu He Thu nam 2011 vdi khoang 7.800 ha va 6.400 hg ndng dan tham gia thuc hien tai hai tinh An Giang va Ben Tre. Den nay, dien tich CDL tren cay lua d khu vuc dao ddng d miic khoang 170.000 ha. Cac dia phuong ciia vimg DBSCL phat tnen manh md hinh CDL bao gdm: An Giang, Ddng Thap, Long An, Can Tha, Vinh Long, Kien Giang, Tra Vmh,...
Sau 05 nam trien khai thuc hien, mot so tinh, thanh cd dien tich CDL tang nhanh va cd dien tich Idn nhu: can Tha dat 39.000 ha, Sdc Trang dat 22.000 ha, Bac Lieu dat 17.000 ha, . (Dang HiSu, 2016).
Ngay tir khi ra ddi, CDL da khang dinh la mot hinh thiic td chirc san xuat phii hgp vdi dieu kien thuc te vimg DBSCL, cac ndi dung thirc hien phu hgp vdi ky thuat va trinh do canh tac cua ndng dan trong vimg, cimg vdi do la cac ca quan, dan vi chuyen mdn tham gia, trien khai thuc hien cd nhieu kinh nghiem trong xay dung, trinh dien rad hinh.
Cu the, nhd dua tren phuang thiic "ddng tra, lien khoanh" tao nen lien ket ngang giiia nhiing ngudi san xuat; ddng thai, dugc hd trg bdi mdi lien k6t dgc hinh thanh tir cac DN dau vao va dau ra theo cac hgp ddng san xuat va tieu thu ndng san ky giiia DN vdi ndng dan, hoac DN vdi td chirc dai dien ndng dan (td hgp tac, HTX hoac nhdm sd thich) da hinh thanh nhan thiic san xuat liia theo dan dat hang, theo nhu cau tieu thu, chii y den phim chit Ilia gao va cd chii y den nhu cau tieu thu, xuit khau.
Mat khac, khi tham gia lien ket san xuit frong CDL, ngudi ndng dan dugc tap huin ky thuat canh tac mdi, hudng dan su' dung cac gidng lua chit lugng, bdn phan, thuoc bao ve thuc vat diing thdi diem, dung ky thuat de ti6t kiem chi phi va tang hieu qua nhSm giam gia thanh san xuit, tang nang suat va chit lugng lua thu hoach. Cac ho dan tham
P H A T T R I S N BEN VUNG VUNG Q U Y E N 9, SO 3 (9/2019)
LY LUAN - TRAO D 6 |
gia md hinh dugc cung ung lua gidng xac nhan (mot d6n hai loai); cung ung phan bdn, thiidc bao ve thuc vat true tiSp hi DN, khdng qua trung gian;
hgp tac vdi DN thu mua liia hoac DN diing ra td chiic khep kin cac khau, tii cung ling dau vao den bao tieu dau ra. Thong qua md hinh CDL, cae DN da cd dugc vimg nguyen lieu dn djnh vdi chat lugng bao dam va tiet kiem chi phi thu mua, chi phi van chuyen, nhd dd, san pham san xuat ra bao dam chat lugng ddng deu de che bien, rieu thu va xuat khau. Ngoai ra, cac md hinh lien ket san xuat vdi quy trinh san xuat ddng loat tren tat ca eac khau se tao dieu kien thuan lgi cho viec chgn giong, phan, thuoc mot each ddng bg, phu hgp da giam thieu tac ddng xau ddi vdi mdi trudng.
Hieu qua ro net ciia md hinh CDL lien ket san xuat lua d DBSCL la cho thiy su chenh lech rd ret ve nang suat, chi phi san xuat cung nhu chat lugng san pham so vdi cac canh ddng lua san xuat theo phuang thiic truyen thong. Nhd ap dung tdt eac giai phap ky thuat nhu sa hang, bdn phan can ddi, tudi tiet kiem nude, mdi hecta liia tham gia trong CDL cd the giam chi phi san xuat tii' 10 - 15% va gia tri san lugng cd the tang 20 - 25% va lgi nhuan tang them tir 2,2 d6n 7,5 trieu ddng/ba (Mai Tran Hai Dang, 2019).
Dien hinh la cac md hinh ve hgp tac, lien ket va tham gia chuoi gia tri giiia cac chii the ciia cac thanh phan kinh te tir san xuat, bao quan, che bien
va tieu thu san pham d thanh phd Can Tha. Phong trao dugc xay dung tir vu He Thu 2011 (quy mo 400 ha), d6n nam 2017, da thue hien vdi dien tich gin 20.000ha/vu (vdi 93 canh ddng va 12.926 hg tham gia); lgi nhuan tir md bmh CDL cao ban so vdi ngoai md hinh tir 1.800.000 ddng den 4.500.000 dong/ha/vu. Trong CDL, cd 63 ha lua dat tieu chuan VietGAP (dugc dang ky nhan hieu hang hda Gao thorn Ddng Van) va 100 ha lua dat tieu chuan Global GAP. Viec phat trien CDL da tao khdng gian canh quan xanh dep, buac dau da thu hut su chii y ciia cac doan khach du lich trong va ngoai nude vdi hinh thai du lich da ngoai tai cac viing trdng liia tren dia ban thanh phd (Mai Tran Hai Dang, 2019).
2. Van de dat ra ddi vdi viec nhan rdng mo hinh canh ddng Idn lien ket trong san xuat liia a Dong bang song Cuu Long
Mae dii dat dugc nhieu ket qua tich cue, nhung tinh bmh phat tri6n hgp tac, lien ket gan san xuat vdi tieu thu xay dung CDL trong thuc tien vin hoc Id ban che, bat cap. Cu the' binh quan dien tich CDL chiem ty le nhd (khoang hon 10%) so vdi tdng dien tich canh tac lua ca vimg. Chang han, vu Ddng Xuan 2018 - 2019, dien tich xudng giong toan vimg DBSCL khoang 1.638.309 ha, h-ong khi do dien tich md hinh CDL chi han 170.000 ha (Dang Van Butmg, 2019). Ben canh dd, viec md rgng dien tieh lien ket CDL cdn cham va cd xu hudng chiing lai.
Bieu do: DIEN TICH CANH DONG LON LIEN KET SAN XUAT LUA 0 DONG BANG SONG ClTU LONG TlT NAM 2011 DEN NAY
v u 0 0 N 6 XUAN 2011- 2012
VUOONG XUAN 2013- 2014
Vg DONG XUAN 2014- 2015
VUDONG XUAN 2015-
2016
VUD5NG XUAN 2016 2017
VU OONG VU DONG XUAN 2017- XUAN 2018-
2018 2019
Ngudn: Tdng hop tic Bdo cdo cua Cue Trdng trot - Bo Ndng nghiep vd Phdt triin ndng thon tai Hoi nghi So kit vu Ddng Xuan qua cdc nam.
PHAT TRltN B £ N VUNG V D N G Q U Y ^ N 9, SC 3 (9/2019)
Mai Trin Hai Bang - Ha Binh Thanh Giai phap thao ga...
Sd lieu tir Bieu do tten cho thiy, giai doan hi 2011-2015, md hinh xay dung CDL lien kdt san xuat Ilia phat trien manh me, dinh di6m la vu Ddng Xuan 2015-2016 vdi dien tich thue hien xip xi 200.000 ha. Tuy nhien, tir nam 2016 dgn nay dien tieh CDL tren cay lua giam siit va cd dau hieu chiing lai quanh con so 170.000 ha. Mat khac, sd lugng hg ndng dan trong vung DBSCL tham gia lien ket xay dung CDL nhirng nam qua chua dat muc tieu dat ra (chi chi6m khoang 6,64% trong tdng sd 9,32 trieu hd san xuit ndng nghiep toan vung); ty le bao tieu san pham qua hgp dong trong CDL chua cao, binh quan chi dat 29,2%. Phuang thiic boat dong ciia cac HTX ndng nghiep chua that sir Idi cudn ddng dao ndng dan tham gia do hieu qua hd trg cae xa viSn cdn thip. Ching ban, trong sd 6% HTX tham gia lien k8t san xuat liia tren cac CDL chi ed 12% thue hien tieu thu ndng san cho thanh vien va ndng dan (Le Anh, 2018).
Qua khao sat thuc tien, tinh trang DN bao tieu hoac ndng dan vi pham pha va hgp ddng ky ket van cdn phd bien, trung binh chi cd khoang 20- 30% hgp ddng tieu thu lua thuc hien thanh cdng, tham chi thdi diem gia liia tren thi trudng tang cao, ty le thanh ciia hgp ddng bao tieu mdi dat dugc tren 70%.
Tdm lai, thanh cdng budc dau ciia cac md hinh hgp tac, lien ket gan san xuat vdi tieu thu, xay dung CDL da tao ra sir chuyen bien manh me ve nhan thiie ciia ca ndng dan, chinh quyen cac cap va cdng ddng DN ve tinh tat yeu phai hgp tac, lien ket trong phat trien ndng nghiep ben viing va hgi nhap qudc te hien nay. Mac dii vay, nhiing han che, bat cap da neu, eong vdi su "tram lang" eiia md hinh CDL lien ket san xuat liia vimg DBSCL thdi gian qua da chi ra mot sd nguyen nhan chii yeu, dugc xem la nhiing niit that ddi vdi viec nang cao hieu qua va nhan rdng md hinh CDL, mot phuang thiic quan trgng hien thuc hda chu truang tap trung rudng dat d khu vuc. Cu the, dd la:
Thu nhdt, cdng tac tuyen truy6n nhan rdng md hinh CDL ndi chung va CDL lien ket san xuat Iiia ndi rieng chua dugc cae cap uy Dang, chinh quyen cac dia phuong trong viing quan tam dimg miic va
duy tri thudng xuyen; cdn tu duy "phong trao"
trong chi dao va td chuc trien khai.
Thdi gian qua nhieu dia phuang cd hinh thiie tuyen truyen kha sinh ddng nhu le hgi, Festival, ngay hgi Tam ndng.,.; hgi thao, tga dam khoa hgc ban ve san xuat liia gao tren CDL. Cac dien dan khuyen ndng dugc td chiie kha thudng xuyen tir cap ca sd den cap viing ciing vdi nhung hinh thiic gap gd, trao ddi vdi cac nha quan ly, nha khoa hgc, nha ndng cung dugc chii trgng. Ngoai ra, he thong bao chi d DBSCL thudng xuyen truyen tai cac thong tin ve ndng nghiep, ndng dan, ndng thdn tren cac trang thdi su; hau bet cac bao dia phuang ed md cac chuyen muc "Ndng nghiep - Ndng dan - Ndng thdn"; "Ndng thdn mdi"; "Khuyen ndng";
"Lien ket 4 nha", "Xoa ddi giam ngheo"... theo dinh ky.
Tuy nhien, cdng tac tuyen truyen ve nhan rgng md hinh cdn nhieu van de dat ra can phai hoan thien. Ndi dung tuyen truyen van cdn hinh thiic, chua that su di sau vao nhiing van de cot Idi de phat tnen md hinh tii' chu tru'ong cho dgn ling dung nhiing ky thuat tren ddng rudng giup CDL trong viing nhan rgng, phat trien; thong tin tuyen truyen mang tinh dan trai, chua du siic thuygt phuc d^ cac hg ndng dan va DN giiip hg nhan thiic, tham gia vao CDL. Tren he thong bao chi, phat thanh truygn hinh, thuc te da danli thdi lugng nhit dinh de dang tai, phat sdng ve van de ndng nghiep, ndng dan, ndng thdn, song eon it dia phuang dang tai nhiing dien hinh hgn tien, hgc tap kinh nghiem md hinh ciia dia phuang khac. Mat khac, he thong chinh tri ca sd d mot sd dia phuang chua chii trgng Idng ghep tuyen truygn vB Igi ich, hieu qua khi tham gia md hinh CDL vdi thong tin ve kmh t8 - xa hgi tren dia ban.
Thic hai, cac DN tham gia md hinh CDL h-gn cay lua hien tai d DBSCL cdn gap nhiau khd khan h-ong viec tiep can ngudn vdn tii cac to chirc tin dung.
Tinh dSn hk nam 2018, toan vimg DBSCL cd 52.674 DN dang boat ddng (Tdng cue Thdng ke, 2019), h-ong dd ed 9.617 DN thanh lap mdi vdi von dang ky 119.441 ty dong (Phong Thuang mai
P H A T T R I ^ N B E N VUNG V O N G QUYtN 9, S6 3 (9/2019) 23
LY LUAN-TRAO fiOl
gia md hmh dugc cung ling lua gidng xac nhan (mot den hai loat); cung img phan bdn, thuoc bao ve thuc vat true tiep tir DN, khdng qua trung gian;
hgp tac vdi DN thu mua liia hoac DN dimg ra td chirc khep kin eac khau, tir cung irng dau vao den bao tieu dau ra. Thdng qua md hinh CDL, cac DN da cd dugc viing nguyen lieu dn dinh vdi chat lugng bao dam va tiet kiem chi phi thu mua, chi phi van chuyen, nhd do, san pham san xuat ra bao dam chat lugng ddng d6u dS che bien, tieu thu va xuat khau. Ngoai ra, cac md hinh hen ket san xuat vdi quy trinh san xuat ddng loat tren tat ca cac khau se tao dieu kien thuan lgi cho viec chgn gidng, phan, thudc mot each ddng bg, phii hgp da giam thieu tac ddng xau ddi vdi mdi trudng.
Hieu qua ro net cua md hinh CDL Hen ket san xuit lua d DBSCL la cho thay su chenh lech ro ret ve nang suat, chi phi san xuat ciing nhu chat lugng san pham so vdi cac canh ddng liia san xuat theo phuang thiic truyen thdng. Nhd ap dung tdt cac giai phap ky thuat nhu sa hang, bdn phan can ddi, tudi tiet kiem nude, mdi hecta liia tham gia trong CDL cd the giam chi phi san xuat tir 10 - 15% va gia tri san lugng cd the tang 20 - 25% va lgi nhuan tang them tu 2,2 den 7,5 trieu ddng/ha (Mai Tran Hai Dang, 2019).
va tieu thu san pham d thanh phd Can Tha. Phong trao dugc xay dung tir vu He Thu 2011 (quy mo 400 ha), d6n nam 2017, da thuc hien vdi dien tich gin 20.000ha/vu (vdi 93 canh ddng va 12.926 hg tham gia); lgi nhuan tir md hinh CDL cao ban so vdi ngoai md hmh tir 1.800.000 ddng den 4.500.000 ddng/ha/vu. Trong CDL, cd 63 ha liia dat tieu chuan VietGAP (dugc dang ky nhan hieu hang hda Gao thom Ddng Van) va 100 ha liia dat tieu chuan Global GAP. Viec phat trien CDL da tao khdng gian canh quan xanh dep, budc dau da thu hilt su chii y ciia cac doan khach du lich trong va ngoai nude vdi binh thai du lich da ngoai tai cac vimg trdng liia tren dia ban thanh phd (Mai Tran Hai Dang, 2019).
2. v i n de dat ra ddi vol viec nhan rong mfi hinh canh ddng Ion lien ket trong san xu§t lua if Ddng bang song Cuu Long
Mac du dat dugc nhieu ket qua tich cue, nhung tinh hinh phat trien hgp tac, lien ket gan san xuat vdi tieu thu xay dung CDL trong thuc tien van hoc Id ban che, bat cap. Cu the: binh quan dien tich CDL chiem ty le nhd (khoang hon 10%) so voi tdng dien tich canh tac lua ca viing. Chang ban, vu Ddng Xuan 2018 - 2019, dien tich xudng giong toan viing DBSCL khoang 1.638.309 ha, h-ong khi dd dien tich md hinh CDL chi ban 170.000 ha (Dang Van Budng, 2019). Ben canh do, viec md rdng dien tich lien ket CDL cdn cham va c6 xu hudng chung lai.
Dien hinh la cac md hinh ve hgp tac, hen ket va tham gia chudi gia tri giiia cac chu the ciia cac thanh phan kinh te tir san xuat, bao quan, che bien
Biiu do: DEEN TICH CANH DONG LClN LIEN KET SAN XUAT LUA 6 DONG BANG SONG CUU LONG TlT N A M 2011 D £ N NAY
VUOONG XUAN 2 0 1 1 -
2012
VUDONG XUAN 2013-
2014
VU OONG XUAN 2014- 2015
VU DONG XUAN 2015- 2016
VU DONG XUAN 2015 2017
VUDONG VUOONG XUAN 2017- XUAN 2018-
2018 2019
Ngudn: Tong hop tir Bdo cdo ciia Cue Trong trot - Bd Ndng nghiep vd Phdt triin ndng thdn tai Hoi nghi So kit vu Ddng Xuan qua cdc nam.
22 PHAT TRISN B ^ N VUNG V O N G Q U Y E N 9, SO 3 (9/2019)
Mai Tran Hai Bang - Ha Binh Thanh Giai phap thao gfr—
Sd lieu tii Bieu dd tren cho thay, giai doan tir 2011-2015, md hinh xay dung CDL lien kk san xuat Ilia phat trien manh me, dinh diem la vu Ddng Xuan 2015-2016 vdi dien tich thuc hien xip xi 200.000 ha. Tuy nhien, tir nam 2016 den nay dien tich CDL tren cay liia giam siit va cd diu hieu chung lai quanh con so 170.000 ha. Mat khac, sd lugng hd ndng dan h-ong viing DBSCL tham gia lien ket xay dung CDL nhiing nam qua chua dat muc tieu dat ra (chi chiem khoang 6,64% trong tdng sd 9,32 trieu hg san xuat ndng nghiep toan vimg); ty le bao tieu san pham qua hap dong trong CDL chua cao, binh quan chi dat 29,2%. Phuang thiic boat ddng cua cac HTX ndng nghiep chua that su Idi cudn ddng dao ndng dan tham gia do hieu qua hd trg eac xa vien cdn thip Ching han, trong sd 6% HTX tham gia hen k6t san xuit liia tren cac CDL chi cd 12% thuc hien tieu thu ndng san cho thanh vien va ndng dan (Le Anh, 2018).
Qua khao sat thuc tien, tinh trang DN bao tieu hoac ndng dan vi pham pha va hgp ddng ky k6t vIn cdn phd bien, trung binh chi cd khoang 20- 30% hgp ddng tieu thu liia thuc hien thanh cdng, tham chi thdi diem gia lua tren thi trudng tang cao, ty le thanh cua hgp ddng bao tieu mdi dat dugc tren 70%.
Tdm lai, thanh cdng budc dau cua cac md hinh hgp tac, lien ket gan san xuat vdi tieu thu, xay dung CDL da tao ra su chuyen bien manh me ve nhan thiic cua ca ndng dan, chinh quyen cac cap va cong ddng DN ve tinh tit ySu phai hgp tac, lien ket trong phat trien ndng nghiep ben viing va hgi nhap qudc te hien nay. Mac du vay, nhirng han che, bat cap da neu, cdng vdi sir "tram lang" ciia md hinh CDL lien ket san xuat liia vimg DBSCL thdi gian qua da chi ra mot sd nguyen nhan chu yeu, dugc xem la nhiing niit that ddi vdi viec nang cao hieu qua va nhan rdng md hinh CDL, mot phuang thiic quan trgng hien thuc hda chii truang tap trung rudng dat d khu vuc. Cu the, dd la:
Thic nhdt, cdng tac tuyen truyen nhan rgng md hinh CDL ndi chung va CDL lien ket san xuat lua ndi rieng chua dugc cac cap uy Dang, chinh quyen cac dia phuang trong vimg quan tam dung miic va
duy tri thudng xuyen; cdn tu duy "phong trao"
trong chi dao va td chiic trien khai.
Thdi gian qua nhieu dja phucmg cd hinh thiic tuyen truyen kha sinh ddng nhu le hgi. Festival, ngay hgi Tam ndng...; hgi thao, tga dam khoa hgc ban ve san xuat liia gao tren CDL. Cac dien dan khuyen ndng dugc td chirc kha thudng xuyen tir cap CO sd den cap viing cung vdi nhiing hinh thiie gap gd, trao ddi vdi eac nha quan ly, nha khoa hge, nha ndng ciing dugc chii trgng. Ngoai ra, he thdng bao chi d DBSCL thudng xuyen truyen tai eac thdng tin ve ndng nghiep, ndng dan, ndng thdn tren eac trang thai su; hau bet eac bao dia phuong cd md cac chuyen muc "Ndng nghiep - Ndng dan - Ndng thon"; "Ndng thdn mdi"; "Khuyen ndng";
"Lien ket 4 nha", "Xoa ddi giam ngheo"... theo dinhky.
Tuy nhien, cdng tac tuyen truyen ve nhan rdng md hinh cdn nhieu van de dat ra can phai hoan thien. Ndi dung tuyen truyen van cdn hinh thirc, chua that su di sau vao nhiing van de edt Idi dg phat trien md hinh tir chu tnrong cho dSn ung dung nhiing ky thuat tren ddng rudng giiip CDL trong vimg nhan rdng, phat trien; thdng tin tuyen truyen mang tinh dan trai, chua du sire thuyet phuc d6 cac hd ndng dan va DN giiip hg nhan thiic, tham gia vao CDL. Tren he thdng bao chi, phat thanh tmy§n hinh, thuc te da danh thdi lugng nhit dinh de dang tai, phat sdng ve vin de ndng nghiep, ndng dan, ndng thdn, song cdn it dia phuong dang tai nhiing diSn hinh tien tiSn, hgc tap kinh nghiem md hinh ciia dia phuang khac. Mat khac, he thdng chinh tri CO sd d mot sd dia phuang chua chii trgng long ghep hayen truyen ve lgi ich, hieu qua khi tham gia md hinh CDL vdi thdng tin v§ kinh te - xa hgi tren dia ban.
Thii hai, cac DN tham gia md hinh CDL tren cay lua hien tai d DBSCL cdn gap nhiau khd khan trong viec ti^p can ngudn von tir cac td chiic tin dung.
Tinh dSn hk nam 2018, toan viing DBSCL cd 52.674 DN dang boat ddng (Tdng ciic Thdng ke, 2019), trong dd cd 9.617 DN thanh lap mdi vdi vdn dang ky 119.441 ty ddng (Phong Thuong mai
P H A T T R I S N B ^ N V ^ N G VUNG Q U Y E N 9, SO 3 (9/2019)
23
L t LUAN-TRAO DOI
va cdng nghiep Viet Nam chi nhanh tai Can Tha, 2019). Rieng ddi vdi ITnh vuc ndng nghiep, chi cd 7.100 DN (chigm 13,5% \k sd lugng DN d khu vuc, 16,62% sd DN ndng nghiep ca nude); ddng thdi c6 44 du an vdn FDI trong ITnh vuc ndng nghiep vdi sd von 213,9 hieu USD (Diic Van, 2019).
Nhiing nam qua, Chinh phu da ban hanh nhieu chinh sach uu dai dac thu hd trg ve vdn cho nong dan, DN tham gia san xuat, kinh doanh xuat khau lua gao, nhat la ca che uu dai dot pha vdi cac DN dau mdi to chiic mo hinh lien ket vdi ndng dan tu khau san xuat den tieu thu san pham, cac DN ndng nghiep ling dung cdng nghe cao gia tang gia tn san pham thdng qua nang miie cho vay khdng cd tai san bao dam. Chang ban, chinh sach tin dung phuc vu phat trien ndng nghiep ndng thdn cua Chinh phu gan day nhat dugc trien khai la Nghi dinh 116/2018/ND-CP ngay 07/9/2018 siia ddi, bd sung Nghi dinh sd 55/2015/ND-CP vg Sua ddi, bd sung mot sd dieu cua Nghi dinh sd 55/2015/ND'CP ngay 09/6/2015 ciia Chinh phii ve chinh sach tin dung phuc vu phdt triin ndng nghiep, nong thdn.
Ngoai ra, Thii tudng Chinh phii da ban hanh ca che hd trg lai suat cho cac DN, HTX, hd ndng dan khi vay vdn ngan hang de mua may mdc, thiet bi phuc vu hoat dong san xuat, che bien liia gao... nham giam ton that trong ndng nghiep theo cac Quyet dinh 63, 65 va 68 (Quylt dinh so 63/2010/QD-TTg ngay 15/10/2010; Quyet dmh so 65/2011/QD-TTg ngay 02/12/2012; Quyet dinh so 68/2013/QD-TTg ngay 14 thang 11 nam 2013).
Mac du khu 'vye DBSCL cd mang ludi td chiic tin diing kha day dac vdi mang ludi 350 chi nhanli td chiic tin dung va tren 150 quy tin dung nhan dan, nhieu DN van cdn gap vudng mac trong tiep can vdn tir cac td chii'c tin dung nhu thieu phuong an tai chinh, khdng cd tai san the chap dam bao, phuang an kinh doanh thieu kha thi... Thong ke cho thay hau bet cae DN d DBSCL deu cd quy md nhd va sieu nhd (DN nhd chiem 28,5%, DN sieu nhd 68,5%, DN vua va Idn chi chiem 3%). Khi san xuat theo CDL, thu hoach cimg mot thdi diem vdi sd lugng Idn, nhiing DN co nang lire tai chinh ykx khdng cd dii ca sd de phoi, say, bao quan, thieu
nhan lire de mua ban, dac biet la khdng dii ti8n de tra cho mot khdi lugng ndng san Idn trong cung mot thdi diem (Nguyen Qudc Diing, 2014).
Mat khac, cac DN viia khd tiep can dugc vdn,
•vira khdng cd nhieu thi phan trong viec tieu thii, khdng cd thuang hieu Idn, ban than hg cung kho tim thi trudng nen khd cd the bao dam bao tieu hSt san pham cho ndng dan. Vi vay, xet d6n ciing, mo hinh CDL muon phat trien ben viing phai xuat phat tir thi trudng, nghTa la DN phai nam bit nhu cau thi trudng can loai gao gi, tieu chuan ra sao. Khi da c6 dau ra dn dinh thi DN mdi hgp ddng san xuat cung ndng dan vdi dien tich va tieu chuan phu hgp.
Thu ba, cac chu the tham gia lien ket trong mo hinh chua chii trgng xay dung niem tin, "chij tin", nhat la DN thudng la ben pha va hgp ddng, "giao keo" vdi cac hg ndng dan hoac td chiic dai dien ciia hg (HTX).
Tu duy "thuang vu va mua vu" cua nhirng chii the tham gia md hinh da dan den xdi mdn "Idng tin" lin nhau, khien cho md hinh CDL lien ket san xuat lua tren dia ban cham nhan rdng va phat huy hieu qua nhu thai gian diu. Ddng thdi, kho khan trong bao tieu san pham cho ndng dan cdn do giiia DN va ndng dan chua thdng nhat phuang thiic thu raua va tinh gia ca. Tap quan cua ndng dan la ban Ilia tuoi cho thuang lai ngay tai rudng. Khi tham gia canh ddng mau Idn, liia tuoi dugc van chuyen ve nha may va quy ddi ve liia khd de tinh theo gia lua khd. Cach thiic quy ddi cua nha may khien ndng dan chua that su hai Idng.
Thuc te thdi gian qua cho thay, mot sd DN chi mudn ban vat tu cho ndng dan de kiem Idi chir khdng mudn bao tieu san pham, Tham chi, co mot sd DN khdng mudn ky ket hgp ddng dau tu cung ling vdi ngudi ndng dan trong CDL, nhat la DN tu nhan, vi hg sg chiu nii ro cao khi img vdn cho ndng dan, Bdi vi, do trong chudi gia tri hat gao, DN chi thuc hien dugc mot phan, cac cdng ty thu mua Ilia hau nhu khdng dau tu ve vat tu san xuat (phan, thudc bao ve thuc vat, gidng)... nen hgp ddng chi cd tinh each ghi nhd hoac den ngay thu
24 PHAT TRltN B S N V O N G VUNG Q U Y E N 9, S6 3 (9/2019)
Mai TrSn Hai Bang ~ Ha Binh Thanh Giai phap thao gg...
hoach den van ddng ndng dan ban liia cho DN, khdng ed hgp ddng ky ket trudc khi vao vu san xuat.
Ngoai ra, gia ca thi trudng bien ddng lien tuc, thudng DN thda thuan gia lua vdi ndng dan khi lua 1-2 thang tudi. Chinh vi vay, khi den thdi diem thu hoach, gia tri thi trudng giam, DN se bd ti6n dat cgc. Gia lua tang thi DN van giii nguyen gia ban dau. Kbi gap nil ro do thien tai hay cac nguyen nhan bat kha khang khac, ndng dan khdng tra dugc ng cho DN, cac DN keo dai thdi gian ng ngan hang, lam tang lai suat vdn vay, tang gia thanh che bien san pham. Cimg vdi dd, cac td chiic ndng dan nhu hgp tac xa, td lien ket chua that su phat huy vai trd trong san xuat nhu cac khau td chiic san xuat, tim kiem thi trudng ban liia, cdng ty dau tu vat tu phuc vu san xuat.
3. Giai phap hoan thien va nhan rong mo hinh canh ddng Idn gan vol liSn ket san xuat liia d Ddng bang sdng Cuu Long thdi gian tdi
Thuc tien phat trien ndng nghiep hang hda Idn d DBSCL cimg vdi yen can phat trign ben vung va hgi nhap qudc tB ddi hdi phai img dung khoa hgc cdng nghe va nang cao kha nang canh tranh, gan san xuat theo chudi gia tri vdi nhu cau thi trudng.
Do do, can thiet phai tiep tuc phat huy nhiing thanh cdng budc dau trong md hinh CDL lien ket san xuat ndng nghiep hang hda Idn ndi chung va tren cay Ilia ndi rieng, bao dam tlnh ben viing cua md hinh lien ket giiia hd ndng dan va eac to chuc dai dien cua hg (nhu td hgp tac, HTX hay nhdm sd thich) vdi DN. Mudn vay, can nghien ciiu thuc hien ddng bd mot sd giai phap chii yeu sau:
Mot Id, can tiep tuc thdng nhat nhan thiic, chi dao cua cac cap lanh dao tir Chinh phii, cac bd nganh den eac dia phuong ve tam quan trgng ciia lien k^t san xuat trong phat tri6n san xuat ndng nghiep cac dia phuang trong vimg DBSCL.
Muc tieu cua lien ket san xuit, xay dung CDL trong san xuat liia gao la nham ling dung ddng bg va chuyen giao cac giai phap khoa hgc - cdng nghe; giai phap canh tac nham tang nang suat, chat
lugng, giam chi phi va thich nghi vdi bien ddi khi hau; nang cao nang luc san xuat va canh tranh liia gao tir dich •vu dau vao, td chiic san xuat, bao quan, ch8 bign, tieu thu... Do vay, cin tap trung day manh tuyen h-uyen sau, rdng han niia nhiing ngi dung v6 quan diem, chu truong cua Dang, chinh sach, phap luat ciia Nha nude ve phat trien ndng nghiep, ndng dan, ndng thdn gin vdi xay dung CDL nham tien tdi hinh thanh -vimg nguyen lieu Ilia hang hda xuit khiu chat lugng cao, xay dung
•vimg nguyen lieu liia hang hda, xay dung thuang hieu lua gao tii' cac •viing nguyen lieu san xuat theo tieu chuin VietGAP.
Ndi dung tuyen truy6n tap trung vao nhiing each lam hay, kinh nghiem tdt de hudng din ndng dan, DN va cac nha quan ly thuc hien cd hieu qua;
tuyen truyen va giao due y thirc tuan thu phap luat, tuan thii hgp ddng lien ket giiia DN vdi ndng dan;
thu thap va phan anh kip thdi nhiing khd khan vudng mac, tam tu nguyen vgng ciia ndng dan, DN de cac ca quan hiiu quan cd giai phap xii ly kip thai, nhat la trudc bdi canh bien ddi khi hau gay ban ban, xam nhap man, sut liin ngay cang dien bien phirc tap.
Dac biet, de tiep tuc thiic day Hen ket san xuat, nhan rgng CDL, eac hg ndng dan can dugc hudng dan tham gia cac td chirc kinh te hgp tac vdi lihau theo timg CDL de dia vi phap ly ky ket hgp ddng vdi DN, thay vi boat ddng dgc lap, rieng le nhu hien nay. Ddng thai, buy ddng rihieu luc lugng tham gia, vdi nhieu hinh thiic khac nhau, nhu' bao cao vien cac cap, td chirc cac cudc hgi thao, hgi nghi chuyen de va nhat la thdng qua chinh ddi ngii can bd, nhan vien cua cac DN va ndng dan.
Hai Id, phat trien CDL trong san xuat ndng nghiep phai gin vdi quy hoach, muc tieu phat trien kinh te - xa hgi cua cac dia phuong; ddng thdi bao dam viec san xuat cua ndng dan trong md hinh lien ket phai cd tinh ke hoach, gan vdi thi trudng tieu thu.
Chinh quyen dia phuang trong vitng DBSCL can chuyen dich manh me ca cau san xuit, hinh thanh vimg san xuSt hang hda quy md Idn, gin vdi cdng nghiep che biSn va thi trudng tieu thu, ciing
PHAT TRIEN BfiN VCfNG VONG Q U Y ^ N 9, S6 3 (9/2019) 25
LY LUAN-TRAO DOI
nhu day manh img dung tien bd khoa hgc - ky thuat va cdng nghe mdi vao cac khau san xuat, che bien, bao quan sau thu hoach ndng san hang hda.
Dae biet la quy hoach •viing lua tap trung, bdi day la yeu td phat huy lgi the tu nhien cho san xuat dat hieu qua cao.
Trong quy hoach xay dung CDL lien ket san xuat lua can xac dinh gi6ng lua thich ung vdi bi6n ddi khi hau, cd gia tri cao, khdng can nhieu nude nggt va cd the sir dung nude man. Td chiic san xuat trong quy hoach phai giiip mdi dia phuang tren dia ban DBSCL chii ddng gan vdi de an tai ca cau nganh ndng nghiep dang trien khai thuc hien.
Ddng thdi bao dam sir tham gia ngay tir dau ciia nha DN, vi hg la ngudi sau cimg se dau tu san xuat nguyen lieu va ch6 bien thanh nhiing mat hang cung cap cho thi trudng.
Ben canh dd, phan ddng cac hd ndng dan chua tiep can dugc nhieu vdi quy trinh san xuat liia theo VietGAP, trinh do khdng ddng deu nen viec tiep thu tien bg ky thuat bi han che, nhan thiic ve san xuat cay trdng an toan chua dugc nang cao, viec ghi chep nhat ky san xuat la mot yen can quan trgng, nhung chua dugc ndng dan quan tam diing mire. Viec san xuat liia khdng cd tinh ke hoach cao thudng theo tap quan, thi hieu ciia ngudi tieu diing nen kha nang dap img dugc thi trudng xuat khau gao Idn la khd khan.
Ba Id, chu ddng, tich cue trong viec dua ra ca che, chinh sach hd trg mot each he thdng, dong bd cho cac DN tham gia md hinh CDL lien ket san xuat liia trong viing.
Cac DN ndng nghiep tham gia CDL d DBSCL hien nay gap khd khan do ngudn nguyen lieu bi thieu b'ut, nhat la cdng doan san xuat ma hg chii yeu tham gia vao khau thu gom, sa che va tieu thu.
Do dd, ben canh viec tiep tuc ban hanh eac chinh sach uu dai rd rang ban ve ban dien va thdi gian thue dat, hd trg cho viec tich tu va tap trung rudng dat, thue, bao hiem ndng nghiep,... de khuyen khich cac DN quan tam dau tu phat trien CDL, can tiep tue trien khai cd hieu qua Nghi dinh sd 116/2018/ND-CP ngay 07/9/2018 ciia Chinh phii, theo dd, yeu cau tang han mire cho vay, khuyen
khich DN dau tu chudi gia tri, irng dung cdng nghe cao vao san xuat, che bien... Rieng ddi vdi cac DN xuat khau gao ndng cdt thi can dugc ngan hang cho vay du vdn de dau tu xay dung CDL lien kk theo timg du an dugc cac tinh, thanh phd phe duyet dua tren cac tieu chi, quy dinh cua Chinh phii, Bg Ndng nghiep va Phat trien ndng thdn.
Dac biet, Chinh quyen timg dja phuong trong viing, can phdi hgp vdi cac ngan hang thuang mai tren dia ban md rdng cho cac DN tiep can kenh vay vdn uu dai hoac dugc nhan bao lanh tin dung hi ngudn vdn uu dai ciia qudc gia va tinh, thanh pho tao dieu kien de eac DN cd vdn dau tu thiet bi, may mdc can ed chinh sach uu dai ve lai suat, khdng tinh theo nam ma chi tinh theo miia vu san xuat. Mudn vay, can xay dung va cdng khai hoa cac quy che, tieu chi dugc nhan uu dai khuyen khich dau tu trong timg ITnh vire, timg nhom nganh, timg san pham khdng phan biet thanh phan kinh te va loai hinh kinh doanh. Ddng thdi, nen chuyen dan hinh thuc mi dai true tiep sang hd trg gian tiep, tiic la thay vi diing vdn uu dai cap true tiep cho cac DN va du an, nay tiing budc chuyen sang dimg ngudn vdn nay phat trien ca sd ha tang ky thuat va cac dich 'vu tu van, hd trg kinh doanh, thdng fin, xiic tien thi trudng, xiic tien thuang mai, quang ba san pham,... cd nhu vay, tir viec ho trg cho DN rieng le dugc lgi, nay da chuyen sang cho tat ca cac DN dugc hudng lgi ciia ngudn uu dai dau tu hd trg phat trien.
Yeu can ve vdn ludn la mot nhu cau hire thiet, nhung hien nay thi trudng vdn dang bi tac nghen trong khi DN dang tbi6u vdn va ngan hang thira vdn. Chiec cau ndi qua lai giua DN va Ngan hang ludn bap benh vi thieu mot chinh sach dot pha, mot su hgp tac ciing kinh doanh giiia Ngan hang va DN. Do dd, Ngan hang can phai thuc hien dcm gian hda thii tuc, giam bdt nhiing tieu chuan, dieu kien cho vay, ddng thdi cimg DN quan ly tai chinh, quan ly ddng tign, hr vin ho trg cho DN vg thi trudng, thdng tin de DN lam an hieu qua. Cac Ngan hang Thuang mai can quan tam thirc hien giai quygt van dg thay ddi cdng nghe qua hmh thiic cho thue tai chinh se giup DN nang cao nang luc san xuat trong dieu kien han che ve vdn.
26 PHAT T R I S N B £ N V U N G VUNG Q U Y £ N 9, S6 3 (9/2019)
Mai Tran Hai Bang - Ha Binh Th^nh Giai phap thao g&...
Ngoai ra, tham gia md hinh CDL, DN phai chiu ap luc Idn ve tai chinh trong nhimg dgt thu mua liia cho ndng dan vao nhiing thdi diem thu hoach rd. Ddng thdi cdn phai dau tu ha tang, kho hang, phucmg tien van chuyen, nha may say... din den viec quay vdng vdn luu ddng cham cung gay khd khan ve vdn cho DN. Tir thuc te dd, cac ca sd san xuat, eac DN tham gia CDL ngoai ngudn vdn ty cd, can cd phucmg thiic tich cue de huy ddng vdn. Ben canh ngudn vdn rat ca ban la su bd trg tin dung cua Nha nude, ban than cac DN can phai tu huy ddng tren ea sd day nhanh tien trinh cd phan hda, chu ddng lien kk, hgp tac giiia cac DN, cac hiep hgi DN de tang them quy md ngudn vdn dam bao phuc •vu tdt ban nhu cau phat trien va nang cao nang lire san xuat, tieu thu ndng san hang hda.
Bdn Id, tao dung niim tin giiia DN vd nong ddn (hoac td chirc dm dien cua ndng ddn) thong qua viic hodn chinh cosophdp ly cho cdc bdn hop ddng ky ket khi tham gia CDL trin dia bdn.
Ly giai cho tinh trang pha vd hgp ddng trong lien k6t san xuit liia giiia DN va ndng dan thdi gian qua la do ndng dan va DN chua gan bd chat che vdi nhau, cimg nhau chia se lgi ich va nii ro.
Ddng thdi, chua cd che tai xir ly, phe phan cac DN vi pham, thigu trach nhiem vdi cac ndi dung da cam kgt Cling ndng dan thuc hien hen ket san xuat h-en CDL.
Thdi gian tdi, mot mat Nha nude can sdm hoan thien ca sd phap ly cho cac ban ky kgt hgp ddng giiia DN va ndng dan de cd che tai xir ly cho nhiing trudng hgp vi pham; mat khac, bao dam minh bach, giai quygt hai hda ve Igi ich va chia se nii ro de DN va ndng dan gan bd chat che vdi nhau. Do dd, trudc mat tao dieu kien cho ndng dan gdp cd phan trong cac DN cung ling vat tu va bao tieu san pham tren CDL lien kgt san xuat liia. Khi dd, Igi nhuan ciia DN se phai cdng khai rd rang va ndng dan vira ban dugc liia, viia thu lgi tire tir DN, han che su "be keo" hi ca hai ben khi cd nhimg bien ddng ve gia liia tren thi trudng. Ve lau dai, cin day manh phat trien eac HTX ndng nghiep thanh mot td chiic manh, hieu qua. Tir dd, •vua bao dam quygn Igi cho ndng dan, vua trd thanh "dau mdi giao dich" vdi DN, giam bdt ap lire cho DN
khi phai tham gia ky hgp ddng lien kgt vdi timg ndng hd.
Ben canh do, de giai quyet triet dg tinh trang pha vd hgp dong lien kgt san xuat giiia DN va hd ndng dan, HTX, ddi hdi timg dia phuang can cd ke hoach cu the trong •viec xac dinh viing quy hoach trdng lua, van ddng ndng dan lien ket thanh nhiing vimg canh tac Idn; tuyen truyen cho ndng dan higu rd ve su cin thiet hinh thanh CDL trong san xuat ndng nghiep hien dai. Tiep theo mdi den budc keu ggi DN dau tu, khi do DN chi tap trung vao nang cao nang luc tai chinh va tiSp can cac ngudn vdn dg du kha nang thu mua bao quan san pham. Cdn nhu each lam phd bien hien nay, DN tham gia ca vao cdng viec khoanh viing va van ddng ndng dan thi se de hi phan tan ngudn luc, de dan den khimg hoang ngudn nhan luc, khdng dii siic dam nhan bet eac boat ddng cua CDL lign ket san xuat lua trong khu vuc.
Nam la, DN tham gia md hinh CDL lign ket san xuat lua can tich cue, chu ddng tim kiem va bao dam thj trudng tigu thu liia, gao dn dinh trudc kbi ky ket hgp ddng bao tieu san pham vdi ndng dan.
Thi trudng tigu thu la ygu td quygt dinh den tinh ben viing cua mdi lien ket giiia ndng dan va DN. Thuc tien cho thay, khi van de thi trudng gap khd khan thi mdi lien ket de bi ran nirt, nhat la trong dieu kien md hinh CDL dugc rihan rdng thi van de thi trudng cang trd ngn biic thiet. Ngoai ra, viec td chiic lai san xuat ling dung cdng nghe cao trong san xuat lua d cac CDL se tao ra mot sd lugng ndng san Idn, do dd neu khdng cd su tinh toan chuan xac vg thi trudng tieu thu, nguy ca san pham lam ra khdng tieu thu hoac khd tieu thu se rat Idn. Bdi vi, phan Idn ndng san xuat khau cua Viet Nam chi d dang thd, so che, gia tri gia tang thip, nhigu chung loai ndng san chua cd thuang hieu tren trudng qudc te. Hien tai, cac DN bao tieu hien chi mdi tigu thu dugc khoang 55% sd lugng ndng san lam ra h-ong hgp ddng lien ket, 45% cdn lai DN phai ban d cac thi tnrdng tu do day nii ro, bit dn, nhat la ve gia ban (Mai Tran Hai Dang, 2017).
PHAT T R | £ N B E N V U N G V U N G Q U Y E N 9, S6 3 (9/2019)
L? LUAN-TRAO DGI
Chinh vi vay, cac cap chinh quyen can quan tam, hd trg giai quyet "dau ra" cho ndng san tren CDL; hd trg cac DN nang cao nang lire thu mua va cd chinh sach thu mua tam trii liia khi can thigt.
Song song vdi viec tim kiem, md rgng thi trudng tieu thu, cac dia phuang trong •vimg DBSCL can xay dung chi dan dia ly cho mot sd san pham dac san, ban dia; cd chinh sach hd trg DN. Cac hiep hdi can xay dung thuang hieu thdng qua quy hoach va xay dung •viing san xuat, xay dung he thdng tieu chuan san pham hoac hai hda tieu chuan qudc te, quang ba thuang hieu tren cac phuang tien h-uyen thdng. Huy ddng tdi da su tham gia cua cac hang van tai de ho trg tham gia xuc tien thuang mai, hdi chg trien lam trong nude va ngoai nude, Xay dung he thdng thdng tin va du bao, phan tich thi trudng;
cung cap thudng xuyen nhiing thong tin ve tieu chuan chit lugng ndng san hang hda; xay dung ca sd dii lieu cho timg chiing loai san pham va timg thi trudng cu thg.
K^t luan
Thiet nghT, su thanh cdng trong giai doan 2011-2015 cua md binh hgp tac. Hen ket gan san xuat vdi tieu thu, xay dung CDL tren cay liia d khu vyc DBSCL da tao ra su chuyen bign manh me ve
nhan thirc ciia ca ngudi dan va can bd chinh quyen cac cap ve tinh tat yen phai hgp tac, lien kdt trong phat trien ndng nghiep hien nay. Bdi vi chi cd hgp tac, lien kgt mdi giai dugc bai toan ve chat lugng ndng san, nang cao dugc gia tri gia tang va phat trien bgn •viing trudc nhiing bign ddng ciia thi trudng. Tuy nhien, qua trinh trien khai thuc hien da xuit hien nhiing han che, bat cap, tham chi nhiing niit that anh hudng den viec nhan rgng, nang cao hieu qua thuc hien md hinh.
Do do, de md hinh CDL lien kgt san xuat lua tren dia ban tiep tuc nhan rgng va phat huy hieu qua tdt nhat, ben canh ca che, chinh sach hd trg cua Nha nude ddi hdi cae chinh sach hudng din thuc hien ciia cac dia phuang phai that su linh boat. Td chiic lai san xuat theo nguyen tac gan chat vai thi trudng, quy hoach viing san xuat, ca cau lai gidng liia mdi cd nang suat, chat lugng cao va thich irng bien ddi khi hau, phii hgp dinh hudng phat trign cua tirng dia phuang trong vimg. Dong thdi, tiep tuc hoan thien co sd phap ly cho cac ban ky ket hgp ddng giiia DN va ndng dan hoac hgp tac xa theo hudng bao dam va giai quyet hai hda lgi ich ciing nhu chia se nii ro giiia cac chu the tham gia md binh.
Tai lieu tham khao
1. Bd Ndng nghiep va Phat trien ndng thdn (2019). Bdo cdo kit qud tdi co cdu nganh, sdn phdm trong linh vuc ndng ngluip vung DBSCL vd nhiem vu thai gian tai. Hdi nghi danh gia kgt qua hai nam thuc hien Nghi quyet 120/NQ-CP vg phat trien ben vung DBSCL thich ling vdi bien ddi khi ban td chiic vao ngay 18/6/2019.
2. Dang Hieu (2016). Thuc ddy liin kit, xdy dung CDL a DBSCL. http://dangcongsan.vn, ngay 28/11/2016.
3. Dang Van Budng (2019). Vu sdn xudt ddng xuan 2018-2019 thang lai. https://nhandan. org.vn, ngay 21/3/2019.
4. Diic Van (2019). Tao nguon von cho DNndng nghiep DBSCL. http://cand.com.vn, ngay 12/9/2019.
5. Lg Anh (2018). Can khuyen khich phat trien hgp tac, lien ket san xuit canh ddng Idn gin vdi tieu thu hieu qua. http://dangcongsan.vn, ngay 23/02/2018.
6. Mai Tran Hai Dang (2017). Ndng nghiep cdng nghe cao - ITnh vuc diu tu b6n •viing ddi vdi khu vuc kmh te tu nhan d DBSCL. Tap chi Phdt trien ben vHng viing, Quyln 7, sd 3 (09-2017), tr.84-90.
28 PHAT TRltN B £ N VL/NG VUNG Q U Y £ N 9, SO 3 (9/2019)