N G 6 N NGf
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2013NANG u r c NGO^ NGC VA THAI DO CUA GIAO VI£N
D 6 I v d i CHINH SACH NGO^I N G C HlfN NAY d VIETNAM
PGS.TS VO THI THANH HlTONG sS dugc hpc chuang trinh ngogi ngft 10 ndm d phi tiidng (bdt diu tijr Idp 3), dupe tilp tyc cftng c6 vd ndng cao d b|ic cao ddng vd dgi hgc. Sau khi tit nghifp tieu hpc hpc sinh se cd trinh dO bdc 1 ciia KNLNN, sau khi tit nghifp trung hgc co sd (THCS) hpc sinh sS cd trinh dp bgc 2, sau khi tot nghifp trung hgc pho thdng (THFT) hgc sinh s6 cd trinh dg bac 3, sau khi tdt nghifp cao ddng va dai hgc khdng chuyen ngft sinh vi€n s€ cd trinh dp tft bgc 3 trd l€n, vd sau khi tit nghifp dgi hgc ehuy€n ngft sinh viSn sS cd trinh dp b$c 4 - 5 . Chuang trinh ngogi ngft 10 ndm d phi thdng dd dugc triln khai tiu'dilm tft ndm 2010.
Bk triln khai tiiyc hifn hifu qud cdc mye tiSu dl ra, De dn dd dua ra cdc nhdm gidi phdp trong dd cd nhdm gidi phdp Ii€n quan den gido vi6n, theo dd phdi ddm bdo dgi ngu gido vign/
gidng vi6n ngogi ngft du vl lupng.
l.D$tv^ndl
Gido vi6n Id mpt thdnh tl quan trgng ciia qud trhih d^y vd hgc ngogi ngft d nhd trudng, trinh dg vd chit lugng efta gido vi6n ddng vai trd quylt djnh din kit qud dgy vd hgc. Chinh vi Ig dd, chinh sdch doi vdi gido vien ludn Id m$t ngi dung quan trgng cua chinh sdch gido dye ngogi ngft.
Bk dn "Dgy vd hgc ngogi ngft trong hf tiling gido dye quIc ddn giai dogn 2008 - 2020" (sau ddy ggi tdt Id D I dn ngogi ngft) ra ddi Id m$t diu mic quan trgng trong chfnh sdch gido dye ngogi ngft efta Vift Nam, thi hifn quylt tdm cfta Ddng vd Chinh phft trong chiln lupc ndng cao trinh dO vd ndng lye sft dyng ngogi ngft cfta nguon nhdn lye, nhdm bien ngogi ngft trd thdnh thi mgnh cua ngudi Vift Nam trong tiln trinh hOi nhgp quIc tl. Tlieo d^ dn ngogi ngft ndy, <^n ndm 2018 - 2020 sg cd 100% sinh vign dgi hgc dupe ddo tgo tdng cudng vl ngogi ngft vd 30% cdn b$, cdng chftc 1dm vife trong cdc co quan nhd nude sg cd trirtii dg ngogi ngft bgc ba trd Ign trSn ting sl 6 b|le trinh d$ ngogi ngft quIc tl tiidng dyng'(vilt tdt Id KNLNN).
Bk dgt dupe myc tieu tren, hpc suih
' Khung ndng lifc ngogi ngit cua Vi^t Nam du^c xdy d\mg d\ra vdo Khung ndng life chung vi ngogi ngfi ciia chdu Au, gom 6 bdc. trong do bdc 1 lit bdc thdp nhit vd bgc 6 Id bdc cao nhit.
28 Ngdn ngft s l 1 ndm 2013 cd trinh d0 cao, hgp li vl co ciu vd
da d ^ g vl nguin tuyin dyng. Theo tinh todn cua Dl dn, tft nay din ndm 2020 hdng ndm cin bl sung thdm bbh qudn khodng 2600 gido vidn ngo^i ngft cho cip tilu hgc, 2000 gido vidn cho cip THCS vd khodng 1400 gido vian cho THPT. Dl cd dft trinh dO gidng d?y, gido vi6n phdi cd trinh d0 ngogi ngft cao hon trinh d0 cfta hgc sinh/ sinh vien d cip minh dang d?y 2 bdc, cd nghia id gido viSn tieu hgc phdi cd trinh dg ngogi ngft bdc 3, gido vien THCS phdi cd trinh dg ngoai ngft bac 4, gido viSn ngogi ngft cap THPT vd dgi hgc phdi cd trinh dg ngogi ngft bgc 5 trd len. Vin de tdng cudng gido vien ngogi ngft dft vl sl lugng cho cac cip dgy cd thi khdng phdi la dilu ddng lo nggi, vi theo con sd thong ke cfta D^ dn, hdng ndm cac trudng dai hgc chuyen ngft trong ca nude tuyin khodng 17000 sinh vien, cdc trudng dgi hgc su phgm vd cao ddng su phgm ngoai ngft cftng tayin khodng 4000 sinh vien Tuy nhien, vin dl chat lugng gido vien, yeu td sing cdn 1dm nen thdnh cdng cua De an, can phdi dugc quan tdm. Nhftng cdu hdi ddt ra ftong bdi viet ndy id lieu d§i ngft gido viSn ngogi ngft d phd thdng hien nay cd ddp ftng ydu cdu vl trinh dg ngogi ngft vd ndng lye gidng dgy; hg cd nhftng khd khdn vd nguyin vgng gi dii vdi nghi nghi^;
vd thai dg cua hg dii vdi chinh sdch dgy-hgc ngogi ngft hi$n nay d Viet Nam ra sao. Nhftng kit qud nghiSn cftu ve nhftng vin dl ndy s5 cung cip nhftng CO sd thyc tien de ddnh gid tuih khd thi cua De an vd giup dua ra nhftng ggi y chinh sach hgp li.
2. Phuong phdp ngbi£n cihi Nghien ciiu ndy tilp c$n thdi dO tft quan dilm tinh thin lugn, theo do thdi d$ cfta m$t cd nhdn doi vdi m$t dii tugng/ hi^n tugng dugc xem Id quylt djnh ihig xft ciia cd nhan dii vdi dii tugng/ hi^n tugng dd, vd d^
do thdi dg, can dl nghj cd nh&i thdng bdo Igi thdi dO cfta minh (do tryc tilp) hodc suy diln tft hdnh vi (do gidn tilp).
(Chi tilt hon vl ca sd khoa hgc cfta nghien cftu thdi dg ngdn ngft xin xem Vu Thi Thanh Huong, 2005).
De ddnh gid ndng lye vd nghiin cftu thdi AQ cua gido vien ngogi ngft bdi vilt dya vdo hai nguon dft ii|u chinh: a) dft lieu dilu ft-a cfta dl tdi
"Nghien cuu, khdo sdt tinh hinh su dyng ngogi ngft d Viet Nam phyc vy cho viec xdy dyng ludt ngdn ngft d Viet Nam" [2a] vd b) kit qua ddnh gid gido vien ngogi ngft d tilu hgc vd THCS cfta Dl dn dgy ngoai ngft dugc thyc hien trong ndm hgc 2011 - 2012 vd dugc thdng bdo tai cdc cu^c hgi thdo quIc gia. Cd 155 giao vidn ngogi ngft hien dang gidng day tgi cdc CO sd gido dye khdc nhau d miln Bdc vd mien Trung da ft-d Idi cdc cdu hdi cua nhdm nghi€n curu. Tdt cd cdc gido vien ndy diu dang dgy tilng Anh, trong do cd hon nfta (63,6%) dgy tai cdc trudng dgi hgc khdng chuyen ngft. Da so hg (55,5%) hien cdn rit he (tft 21 din 30 tuli), hiu hit diu cd bdng dai hgc ngogi ngft (97,8%) trong dd nhilu ngudi dgy d THPT vd dai hgc cd trinh dg thgc si ngdn ngu hgc hodc thgc si tilng Anh. Phdn Idn cdc giao vien ndy hien dang gidng dgy tgi cdc trudng phi thdng vd dai hgc d cdc thdnh phi vd thi tiin. Da sl
Ning lye...
hp cd thdi gian Idm quen vdi tilng Anh tuong dii Idu, cy thi Id cd 20,6%
hpc tilng Anh tii Tilu hpc; 53,2%
hgc hi THCS; 18,1% hpc tix THPT vd chi cd 7.7% (tiic 12 ngudi) bdt diu hgc tilng Artii tft khi vdo dgi hpc.
Da sd cdc gido vi€n tilng Anh Id nft (chilm 94%).
3. Kit qua nghiSn cftu 3.1. Ndng lye tilng Anh cua gido vien ngogi ngft
Ndng lye tilng Anh cfta gido vien dupe ddnh gid dya tr6n hai nguon du Ufa NguIn tiift nhit Id kit qud ty ddnh gid cfta 155 gido vign khi trd Idi cac cau hdi trong philu phdng vin. Ngudn thu hai Id cdc ket qud ddnh gid ciia Bk dn ngogi ngu.
Bdng 1: Ket qua ty danh gia ndng lye ngogi
29 Cdc gido vign dd dugc de nghi ty ddnh gid mftc dO thdnh thgo ngogi ngft minh dang dgy d 4 ki ndng (nghe hilu, ndi, dpe hilu vd vilt) theo 4 mftc df: a) tiidnh tiigo, b) tuong dii tot, c) binh thudng vd d) cd khd khdn.
Kit qud cho thiy ed rit it gido vien ty nhgn thiy minh cd khd khdn trong ede kl ndng tilng Anh, da sl nhgn thiy minh sft dyng cdc ki ndng d mftc thdnh thgo ho$c tuong dii tot vdi ti If xip tft cao din thdp nhu sau:
dgc hilu (84%), ndi (79%), vilt (75%), nghe hilu (69%). Tuy nhien, cd su klidc bift ddng kg trong cdch ede gido vien ngogi ngft ty ddnh gid 4 ki ndng theo vung dja li (trudng d thanh thi hay ndng thdn), theo trinh dd hgc vdn ciia gido vien, vd theo cip hgc dang gidng day (Bang 1, 2, 3).
ngft theo viing dja h' cua tnrdng dang dgy KTndng
DQC hieu Viet Nghe hieu Noi
Vung Thanh thi None thon Thanh thi Nong thon Thanh th) Nong thdn Thanh thj NonR thon
Thdnh thao 34,0%
0,0%
27,9%
0,0%
22,9%
0,0%
31.4%
0,0%
TuoTig doi tdt 53,9%
38,5%
51,4%
23,1%
50,7%
30,8%
51,4%
30,8%
Binh thudng
12,1%
38,5%
20,0%
46,2%
25,7%
15,4%
16,4%
46,2%
Cokho khdn
0%
23,1%
0,7%
30,8%
0,7%
53,8%
0,7%
23,1%
X^ 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 (NIU X^ < 0.05 thi sy khdc bift dupe coi la c6 y ngh:
neu X^< 0.01 thi sy khdc bift dugc coi Id c6"} nghTa
Ta ve m$t thing k6 a mftc 95%, ve m§t thong ke d mftc 99%) Bang 2: Kit
KT nang
DQC hieu
qua ty ddnh gii Trinh dp
hgc v^n Cao ddng Dgi hpc Thgc si Tien si
nang lye ngogi ngft theo trinh dp hpc vin ciia giao vien Thdnh
thgo 0,0%
27,1%
40,4%
100,0%
Tucmg dii tdt 40,0%
54,2%
51,9%
0,0%
Binh thudng 60,0%
15,6%
7,7%
0,0%
Co khd khdn 0,0%
3,1%
0,0%
0,0%
X=
0,053
30 NgSn ngfr s6 1 ndm 2013
Vilt
Nghe hilu
Ndi
Cao ddng Dgi hpc Thgc sT Tiln si Cao ddng Dgi hpc ThgcsT Tiln si Cao ddng Dgi hpc ThgcsT Tiln si
0,0%
20,0%
36,5%
100,0%
0,0%
14,7%
32,7%
100,0%
0,0%
22,1%
42,3%
100,0%
20,0%
49,5%
53,8%
0,0%
0,0%
52,6%
46,2%
0,0%
60,0%
53,7%
42,3%
0,0%
60,0%
26,3%
9,6%
0,0%
60,0%
27,4%
19,2%
0,0%
20,0%
21,1%
15,4%
0,0%
20,0%
4,2%
0,0%
0,0%
40,0%
5,3%
1,9%
0,0%
20,0%
3,2%
0,0%
0,0%
0,006
0,001
0,041
Bdng 3: Ket qud ty ddnh gid ndng lyc ngogi ngft theo cip trudng dang dgy Kl ndng
Dpe hieu
Vilt
Nghe hilu
Ndi
Cap trudng Tieu hpc THCS THPT Dgi hpc Tilu hpc THCS THPT Dgi hpc Tieu hpc THCS THPT Dgi hpc Tilu hpc THCS THPT Dgi hpc
Thdnh thgo 14,3%
0,0%
29,7%
35,7%
14,3%
0,0%
30,6%
26,5%
0,0%
0,0%
19,4%
24,5%
0,0%
0,0%
30,6%
32,7%
Tuong doi tot 42,9%
58,3%
45,9%
56,1%
14,3%
50,0%
41,7%
55,1%
42,9%
33,3%
44,4%
53,1%
42,9%
66,7%
44,4%
51,0%
Binh thudng 42,9%
33,3%
21,6%
7,1%
71,4%
33,3%
22,2%
17,3%
57,1%
33,3%
27,8%
21,4%
57,1%
16,7%
22,2%
15,3%
Cdkhd khdn 0,0%
8,3%
2,7%
1,0%
0,0%
16,7%
5,6%
1,0%
0,0%
33,3%
8,3%
1,0%
0,0%
16,7%
2,8%
1,0%
X^
0,013
0,003
0,000
0,005 Cdc kit qud trinh bdy d Bdng 1
cho thiy nlu da sl gido vien dgy d thdnh thj ty nhgn thiy minh cd khd ndng sft dyng cdc kl ndng ngogi ngft d muK thdnh thgo hodc hicmg dii tot, thi da so cdc gido vidn dgy d ndng thdn lai nh|n thiy hg chi cd ndng lyc d miic trung binh vdi tit cd cdc kl ndng vd nhilu ngudi gdp khd khdn, ddc bi$t
Id kl ndng nghe hilu vd kl ndng vilt:
cd den 53,8% gido vien ngogi ngft d ndng thdn cho ring hg gdp khd khdn d kl ndng nghe hilu vd 30,8% gdp khd khdn d kl ndng vilt. MuK dg thdnh thgo cdc Id ndng ngogi ngft cd xu hudng ti I? thi^n vdi trinh d$ hgc vdn cua gido vien: cdc gido vidn cd trinh dg thgc Sl hodc tiln si cd mix dg thdnh
Ndng lyc...
thgo hodc sft dyng tuong dii tit cdc kl ndng cao vd hiu nhu khdng gdp khd khdn (Bdng 2). Cull cftng, cd sy khdc Inet giftH gido vien dgy d cdc cip tiudng:
da sl cdc gido vidn dgy d THPT vd dgi hgc cd khd ndng sft dyng cdc kl ndng d mftc thdnh thgo hodc tuong dii tit cao hon cdc gido vidn khdc.
Da sl cdc gido vidn tilu hgc ty ddnh gid cdc Id ndng d mftc tnmg binh nhung sl ngudi gdp khd khdn tuong dii it.
Cdc gido vidn THCS ty nhgn tliy nftnh gdp khd khdn nhilu nhit: cd 33,3%
gido vien THCS n h ^ thiy minh cd khd khdn vl Id ndng nghe hilu, 16,7%
cd khd khdn vl cdc kl ndng ndi vd vilt (Bdng 3).
Tuy nhiin, vin dl ddt ra Id lieu nhftng gl gido vign ty ddnh gid dya tren kinh nghiem cd phft hgp vdi ydu ciu ddi mdi gido dye ngogi ngft dang diln ra d Viet Nam. Dl hgi nh$p vdi xu hudng qudc tl hda vd ndng cao chit lugng ddo tgo ngogi ngft, bdt dau tft ndm 2008 Viet Nam dd cd Khung ndng lyc ngogi ngft, dugc sogn thdo dyg tren khimg ddnh gid ndng lyc ngogi ngft cua chdu Au, bao gim 6 b$c trinh dd. Nhu dd dl cdp d phin diu cua bdi viet, dl cd thi dftng Idp, gido vien ngogi ngft phdi cd trinh dg cao hon c ^ dang dgy 2 bgc. Sau mgt ndm thyc hi$n D I dn ngogi ngft, B$ Gido dye vd Ddo tgo vd De dn ngogi ngft dd tiln hdnh ddnh gid gido vidn tigogi ngft d phi thdng vd thdng bdo cdc kit qua danh gid tgi cdc hOi thao quIc gia vl gido dye. Ehrdi ddy Id ^ kiln ddnh gid cua cdc chuydn gia vd cdn bO qudn li gido dye.
31 Khdng ngi trinh dg gido viSn Igi kem din thi!
Phdt bilu tgi HOi thdo "Ddo tgo bli dudng gido vidn tilu hgc" dugc t l chftc tgi trudng Dgi hgc Dd N§ng thdng 3 ndm 2011, mit quan chijtc cao d p ngdnh gido dye H b|c bgch: "Khi triln khai Dl dn Ngogi ngft QuIc gig 2020 d b$c phi thdng, dilu chftng tdi dd ludng trudc Id khd khdn vl d^i ngu gido vidn. Dd bilt trudc Id ndng lyc ngogi ngft vd ndng lyc dgy hgc ngogi ngft cfta gido vidn cdn k^m, nhung khi tiln hdnh khdo sdt van khdng ngd trinh dd gido vien Igi kdm din thll Chi 10% sl gido vidn khdo sdt dgt ydu ciu, trong dd cd dja phuong chl cd 1 - 2% gido vien dgt yeu cau. Nhieu noi gido vi6n chi dgt trinh d$ B2 theo khung tham chilu ngdn ngft chdu Au, cd noi chi dgt Bl nhimg van di dgy.
Vi^c ndy cd mgt phan trdch nhiem cfta cdc trudng dgi hgc, noi cung cip nguon gido vien dgy ngogi ngft."
De dn dd dua bdi kiem tra cho 30 dnl^ thdnh dl khdo sdt trinh dd gido vien tieng Anh. Kit qud cho thiy 97%
gido vidn THPT, 93% gido vien tilu hgc vd THCS khdng dgt mftc chuin cua de dn dua ra, vd cd 17% gido vidn tilng Anh tilu hgc chi dgt trinh dg Al, nghia Id tuong duong vdi trinh do ngudi mdi bit diu hgc tilng Anh.
Theo thing kd cfta BO Gido dye vd Ddo tgo, todn quIc chl cd 1.062 trdn ting sl 11.784 (hire khodng 10%) gido vien tilu hgc dgt trinh dd B2 vd 2.785 (tftc khodng 24%) dgt trinh dp Bl. MOt sl kit qud cy thi cua cdc tinh nhu sau:
Tinh Hd Nam hi$n cd 655 gido vidn tilng Anh d cd 3 cip hgc. Tat
32 Ngdn ngfl' s& 1 njim 2013 cd cdc gido vidn ndy diu dgt chuin
vd trdn chuin vl bdng cip theo quy djnh. Tuy nhidn, trong so 648 gido vidn tham gia khdo sdt ndng lyc tilng Anh do BO Gido dye vd Ddo tgo tiln hdnh, chi cd 12 ngudi dgt ySu ciu.
Dilu ddc biOt id khdng cd gido vidn THPT ndo dgt chuin mjc dft tit cd diu tit nghiOp dgi hgc ngogi ngft h | chinh quy. Ti 1? gido viSn dudi chuin 2 b|c hd xuing d THCS khodng 40%, dTHPTft^n55%.
Tgi Tp H I Chi Minh, cd khodng 1.756 gido vien tham gia khdo sdt.
MOt cdn bo cfta Sd Gido dye & Ddo tgo Tp. Hi Chl Minh cho bilt: "Kit qud cy the chftng tdi khdng thi cdng bo vi dnh hudng den uy tin cua gido vi6n, nhung cd thi ndi rdng khodng 700 gido vien tilu hgc (trdn ting sl 756 gido vien tieu hgc tham gia khdo sdt) phdi ddo tgo lai." Kit qud khdo sat giao vidn THCS vd THPT cftng khdng may sang sfta. Trong sl 1100 gido vien THCS, THPT, cao ddng vd trung cip chuyen nghiep cfta 10 trdn 24 quan tham gia khdo sdt, chi cd 171 gido vidn dgt chuin (tftc khodng 15,5%).
Trong sd 929 gido vien khdng dgt chuin cd nhilu ngudi Id td hudng bg mdn tieng Anh d cdc trudng chuyen nil tieng, cd ngudi dd tot nghiep thgc si tieng Anh, cd ngudi nli tilng vdi thdnh U'ch bli dudng hgc sinh gidi, vdi ti 1$
dgy hgc sinh thi dgu dai hgc 100%.
Dilu ddng ndi Id day Id dja phuong dugc coi Id cd dgi ngu gido vidn tilng Anh cd tay nghi cao so vdi mdt bdng cd nude, cd kinh nghiOm triln khai chuang ftinh tilng Anh tdng cudng cho hgc sinh tilu hgc tft ndm 1998.
An Giang vd Cin Tho cung cdng bl nhftng kit qud ddng buln. MOt cdn bO gido dye cfta thih Can Tho cho hay Uong sl 181 gido vidn Tilu hgc tham dy khdo sit, chi cd vdi ngudi dgt chuin Kit qud ciia An Cjiang khdng khd gl hon. Trong ting s6 1500 gido vidn cdc cip tham gia khdo sdt thi tt 10 dgt chuin d bdc THPT id 17,8%, d b$c THCS Id 10% vd d bgc tilu hgc Id 5%. Nhilu dnh tgi khu vyc ding bdng sdng Curu Long chua tiln hdnh khdo sdt nhung dd cim chdc kit qui ylu kim. Cdc dja phuong d miln Bdc dd tiln hdnh khdo sdt nhu Hd NOi, Hdi Duong, Hung Yen... tinh hinh cung chdng khd gi hon.
Gido viSn yeu d tdt cd cdc Id ndng nghe, ndi, dgc vd viet
Mgt chuydn gia cfta Dl dn ngogi ngft nh$n djnh rdng khilm khuylt cfta gido vien thi hiOn trdn tit cd cdc ki ndng nghe, ndi, dgc vd vilt, vd rdng
"HiOn tugng gido vien gidi chi tgp hung d mOt sl trudng chuydn hodc trudng chit lugng cao Id cd thdt". Li gidi ndng lyc giao tilp k^m cfta cdc gido vidn ngogi ngft, chuydn gia ndy cho rdng gido vidn dgy tilng Anh chi chft trgng chuin b) cho hgc smh thi ngft phdp, tft vyng vd dich nen Idu din kl ndng giao tilp cfta thiy cd cftng bj mai mOt MOt so trudng su phgm cung chua bdo ddm chit lugng diu ra cho smh vien tit nghiOp ngdnh tilng Anh.
Cung gilng nhu kit qud ty ddnh gid cfta gido vien tilng Anh, kl ndng nghe hilu, ndi vd vilt Id nhftng ki ndng dugc cho id ylu nhat d gido vien ngogi ngft. Kit qud khdo sdt cfta UBND Tp HdNOi diu ndm 2011 dii vdi gido vien tilng Anh Udn dja bdn thdnh phi
Ndng lyc...
cho thiy gido vign cd nhilu hgn chl vl kt ndng nghe, ndi vd phdt dm. Chl cd khodng 40% gido vi8n ngogi ngft nghe vd hilu bdi do chuygn gia gidng dgy, 30% hilu du(?c 50% bdi gidng bdng tilng nude ngodi edn 30% gin nhu khdng hilu, phdi ehd phign dich sang ti^ Vift (Bfu trudng m^t trudng THPT tren (^a bdn Tp. H6 Chi Minh cho bilt: "Cdc gido vien thft vife tgi trudng diu tit nghifp su phgm tilng Anh, tiigm chf cd gido vi€n tot nghifp khd gidi. Nhimg khi cd khdch nude ngodi, gido vien ndo ciing nggi, khdng ddm giao tiep". Mgt vj trong Ban gidm hifu cfta m0t truemg THCS d Tp Hi Chi Minh ciing ehia se rdng m$t hgc sinh Idp 7 cfta trudng dd phdn dnh vdi hg vife m$t gido vi£n tilng Anh phdt am sai, viet chinh td sai, vd sai ca ngft ph^. Tham chi, khi ndi chuyf n vdi ngudi nirdc ngodi thi gido vien ndy ciing khdng nghe d u ^ vd hgc sinh cfta Idp phdi djch cho thay cd minh.
Gido vien khdng chi yiu vi cdc AT ndng ngogi ngit md cdn thiiu ed nghiip v^ suphgm ngogi ngfi
MOt chuygn gia tieng Anh cho ring mgt trong nhftng nguySn nhdn khiln vife "hge ngogi ngft mai vin k^m" d ta chfnh Id do quan dilm coi n^)gi ngft nhu mgt mdn hgc kiln thuc chft Ididng phdi mdn hgc ki ndng. Chinh do quan dilm sai lim nhu vdy nen tft ehuang trinh din sdch giao khoa vd cdch dgy, each hgc dd khdng chft trgng rfen luyf n cho ngudi hgc cdc kl ndng nghe, ndi, dgc vd vilt. Vife gidng dgy chi chu trgng cung cip kiln thftc vd ren dgc - djch, phyc vy cho ede kl thi eft, bdi vi cdc ki till culi eip vd thi vdo dgi hgc ciing chi t^p trung
33 vdo kilm tra ede kiln thftc ngft phdp vd dgc - djeh. Do tdp trung vdo truyin thy kiln tiiftc ngn d cdc Idp hgc ngogi ngft gido vign vSn ndi qud nhilu, tiong khi ddng IS phdi tgo ca h$i cho ngudi hgc dugc nghe, ndi, giao tilp vd sft dyng ngogi ngft.
Nhihig kit qud trinh bdy d phin ndy cho thiy cd sy chgnh If ch gifta kit qud gido vign ty ddnh gid ndng lyc ngogi ngft vd kit qud ddnh gid gido vign theo ehuin ngogi ngft mdi.
Vife chiing ta tiiln khai &p dyng ehuin ngogi ngft du<7c nhieu nude trgn thi gidi dang dp dyng Id mgt budc di cin thilt cfta qud triitii hgi nhgp. Kit qud ddnh gid ndy da chi ra m^t thuc tl Id trinh dg ngogi i ^ cfta da so giao vign dang dftng Idp rat thip so vdi ySu ciu.
Ndng lyc ngo^i ngft yeu k^m Id sdn phdm cua mgt phuang phdp gidng dgy khdng chft trgng din xhn luyf n cac kl ndng. Hgc trd cd tiig hi vgng gi khi thiy/cd cfta cdc em cftng dang cdn phdi vgt Ign vdi cdc Id ndng? Gidi quylt van dl chat luong gido vign Id mgt thach thftc rit tdn md E>e an ngogi ngft sl phdi vugt qua.
3.2. Nhftng khd khdn vd nguyfn vgng cfta gido vign ngogi ngft
Ndr^ lyc ngogi ngft cfta gido vign cdn ylu k6m vd phuong phdp gidng dgy khdng phft hgp Id nhihig thyc tl hifn hftu lam cho vife dgy vd hgc ngogi ngft d tit cd cdc cip hgc d ta deu k^m chit lugng. Tuy nhi€n, day khdng phdi Id nhftng nguygn nhdn duy nhit 1dm eho vife dgy vd hgc ngogi ngft d ta it hifu qud. Gido vign ngogi ngft g^p khdng it nhftng khd khan khach quan cin dugc giup dd khdc phyc. Khi dugc
34 Ngon ngfl' s6 1 nam 2013 yeu cau chi ra nhftng khd khdn tiiudng
phdi dii mdt trong gidng dgy ngogi ngft, cdc gido vidn dd chi ra 8 logi khd khdn ttong dd cd 4 khd khdn cd tl l | gido vidn thfta nh$n cao nhu 1) ta-inh do hgc sinh/ sinh vidn khdng ding diu (cd 121/154 hjrc 78,6% gido vidn dugc hdi thfta nh$n khd khdn ndy);
2) dOng CO hgc t$p cfta hgc smh/ suih vidn khdng rd rdng (cd 108/154 tftc Bdng 4: Nhftng khd khdn trong gidng dgy
70,1% gido vidn dugc hdi thfta nh|n khd khdn ndy); 3) Idp hgc qud ddng (cd 91/154 tftc 59,1% gido vidn dugc hdi tiifta n h ^ khd khdn ndy); vd 4) thilu mdi trudng cho hgc sinh/ sinh vidn tiiyc hdnh (cd 85/154 tftc 55,2%
gido vidn dugc hdi thfta nh|n khd khdn ndy). Tuy nhidn, gido vi#n dgy d cdc cip khdc nhau cdm nhdn vl cdc khd khdn khdc nhau (Bdng 4).
theo cip trudng dang dgy ciia gido vien
Khd khdn I Cd | Khdng X^
1. Khd khdn vi Idp hpc qud ddng Tilu hpc
THCS THPT Dgi hpc
71,4%
25,0%
89,2%
51,5%
2. Kho khdn vi trinh dd hpc sinh, sinh viSn khdng dinf Ti^u hpc
THCS THPT Dgi hpc
85,7%
83,3%
75,7%
79,4%
28,6%
75,0%
10,8%
48,5%
deu 14,3%
16,7%
24,3%
20,6%
3. Kho khdn vi mon ngogi ngft khdng dugc coi trpng TiSu hpc
THCS THPT Bgi hpc
57,1%
16,7%
37,8%
23,7%
42,9%
83,3%
62,2%
76,3%
4. Khd khdn vi thieu co sd vgt chat vd thieu thilt bi dav hoc Tieu hpc
THCS THPT Dgi hpc
71,4%
41,7%
48,6%
33,0%
28,6%
58,3%
51,4%
67,0%
5. Khd khdn vi thilu mdi dudng thyc hanh cho hpc sinh/sinh vien Tieu hpc
THCS THPT Dgi hpc
71,4%
50,0%
59,5%
53,6%
28,6%
50,0%
40,5%
46.4%
6. Khd khdn vi gido trinh chua hay Tilu hpc
THCS THPT Dgi hpc
33,3%
51,4%
21,6%
100,0%
66,7%
48,6%
78,4%
0,000
0,901
0,095
0,110
0,743
0,002
NSng lyv... 35 7. Khd khdn vi cdc kT ndng ngogi ngft khdng dugc coi tiong diu
Tieu hpc THCS THPT Dgi hpc
16,7%
37,8%
20,6%
100,0%
83,3%
62,2%
79,4%
8. Khd khdn vl dpng co hpc tdp cfta hpc sinh chua dupe rd rdng Tieu hpc
THCS THPT Dgi hpc
28,6%
75,0%
70,3%
72,2%
71,4%
25,0%
29,7%
27,8%
0,068
0,108
Kit qud trinh bdy d Bdng 4 cho thiy cd nhftng khd khdn chung cho tit cd cdc cip hgc, thi dy cd m$t tl If rit cao gido vien d tit cd cdc cip hgc thfta nli§n rdng trinh dg hgc sinh/ sinh vign trong m^t Idp hgc khdng dong diu Id mOt khd khdn cho vife dgy vd hge ngogi ngft. M0t gido vien ngogi ngft cfta m§t trudng dgi hgc kl rdng vife dgy vd hgc ngogi ngu d trudng ciia chi ^ khd khdn trudc hit do trinh dO ngogi ngft ddu vdo cua sinh vign khdc nhau. Cd sinh vign bdt diu hgc tilng Anh tft Idp 2 hay Idp 3, cd sinh vign bit diu hgc tft idp 6, Igi cd sinh vign bit diu hgc tft Idp 10 hay cd em chua hi dugc hgc ngogi ngft gi trudc khi vdo dai hgc. Trong nhimg Idp hgc nhu vgy da sl gido vign nhgn thiy vife gidng day cfta hg thyc sy cd khd khdn, nhat Id khi phuong phdp dgy Idp hgc da trinh dg chua dugc phi bien d Vift Nam. Trft cdc Idp hgc d bgc tieu hgc, d cdc b^c hgc tii THCS Ign din cao ddng vd dgi hgc, da so giao vign cam thiy dgng ea hgc ngogi ngft cfta hgc sinh/ smh vign khdng rd rdng vd dieu ndy cung Id gdy trd nggi cho vife gidng
dgy eiia gido vign. Theo n h ^ x6t ciia mft chuygn gia tilng Anh, da sl hgc sinh/ sinh vign hgc ngogi ngft khdng nhdm myc dich sft dyng, md ehi dl ed vin liing di thi, liy bdng, vi till ciing khdng ehiu khd rdn cdc ki ndng, md chi t|ip trung vdo hgc tft vd ngft phdp. Ldp hgc qud ddng ciing Id mOt edn trd khdng nhd cho vife gidng day ngogi ngft cfta giao vien d tit cd cac b ^ hgc. Mgt v} lanh dgo ciia mgt trudng Dgi hgc d Thdi Nguyen nhgn x6t: "Do chit lugng dgy - hgc ngogi i ^ d phi thdng tiiap ngn dau vao cfta trudng dgi hgc ciing thip vd khdng dong diu, vife phdn logi trinh dg vd dp dyng chuang trinh hgc tuong ftng vdi cdc trinh dO Id mOt vife lam khd khdn, trong khi tiidi lu<;mg ddnh cho tilng Anh qud it (chi ed 10 tin chi tren ting so 150 tin chi), so lu<?ng sinh vign/
ldp tilng Anh qud Idn, trung binh tft 50 - 80 sinh vign trong mpt ldp".
Ciing cd nhChig khd khdn Id ddc thft cfta mgt hay m^t vdi cap hgc hodc ciia mOt vftng dja Ii ndo dd. Cac gido vign tilu hge vd da so gido vign dgy d ndng thon nhin mgnh din vife thilu
36 NgSn nga s& 1 nim 2013 CO sd vjit chit, trang thilt bi, phuong
tiOn hi ftgt dgy - hgc ngogi ngft, tiiilu mdi midng cho hgc sinh tiiyc hdnh.
Cd 53,8% gido vidn dgy d ndng tiidn vd 57,1% gido vidn tilu hgc cho rdng mdn ngogi ngft chua dugc coi tigng d ftudng hg dang dgy, vd dilu ndy cftng gdy nSn nhftng khd khdn, bat Igi cho cdng viec gidng dgy. Dilu ndy Id thyc tl bdi vi trudc khi triln khai Dl dn ngogi ngft chi Id mdn hgc ty chgn ttong chuong trtnh tilu hgc vd chi mdi triln khai till dilm d mOt sl trudng.
Khi dugc hdi vl mftc dO hdi Idng cfta gido vien ngogi ngft dii vdi tinh hinh dgy - hgc ngogi ngft d trudng dang dgy, cd 50% gido vidn (ttdn long
sl 150 ngudi bd Idi cdu hdi ndy) tuydn bl rdng hg khdng hdi Idng. Mftc dO hdi Idng/ khdng hdi Idng cua gido vien cd sy khdc bi|t tiieo b^c hgc dang dgy vd vftng miln dang dgy (ndng tiidn hay thdnh tiij). Kit qud hinh bdy d Bdng 5 cho tiiiy gido vidn ngo^ ngft d THPT cd ti 1$ hdi Idng tiiip nhat so vdi cdc b^c hgc khdc. Cdc gido vidn dang dgy d vung ndng thdn cung cd U 10 hdi Idng thip hon cdc gido vien dgy d thdnh pho, mdc dft sy khdc bi^
ndy khdng ddng kl vl mdt thing kd (Bdng 6). Ngodi nhftng khd khdn dd neu d tten, chinh sdch ddi ngO doi vdi gido vien ngogi ngft ndi rieng vd gido vidn ndi chimg ciing Id mOt vin dl dugc nhilu ngudi nhdc din.
Bdng 5: Mftc dO hai Idng cua gido vien tilng Anh doi vdi tinh hinh dgy - hgc ngogi ngft d trudng dang dgy theo bgc hgc
Trudng dang dgy Tieu hpc THCS THPT Dgi hpc
Hai Idng 57,1%
58,3%
27,8%
58,5%
Khdng hdi Idng 42,9%
41,7%
72,2%
41,5%
X^
0,017
Bdng 6: Mftc dg hdi Idng ciia gido vign tilng Anh dii vdi tinh hinh dgy - hgc ngogi ngft d trudng dang dgy chia theo khu vyc d\a H
Khu vyc d)a li Thdnh thi Ndng thdn
Hdi Idng 52,9%
30,8%
Khdng hdi Idng 47,1%
69,2%
X^
0,127 3.3. Thdi do cfta gido vien ngogi
ngft dii vdi chinh sdch sft dyng vd dgy- hgc tilng Anh d Viet Nam hien nay
Cdc gido vidn ngogi ngft ciing dugc hdi vl thdi dO cfta hg doi vdi cUnh sdch sft dyng vd dgy - hgc tilng Anh hi$n nay d Viet Nam. Cftng gilng
nhu trudng hgp cua cOng chftc vd vien chure (Vu Thi Thanh Hucmg, 2012), khi dugc hdi quan dilm vl tuli nen bdt diu dgy ngogi ngft cho tte, hau hit cdc gido vidn ngogi ngft diu cho rdng nen dua ngogi ngft (tilng Anh) vdo dgy sdm d trudng tilu hge, thdm chi cd 38% gido vien dugc hdi cho
Ndng bfc...
Idng nen dgy tilng Anh cho tie tft b$c mim non, trudc khi ti^ budc vdo ldp 1. Nen bdt dau dgy ngogi ngft cho ttd tft may tuli vd dgy nhu till ndo cho hieu qud Id mOt vSn dl hgc tiiu^t flift v). Do gidi han cfta bdi vilt, chftng tdi sS quay ttd Igi bdn ki trong mOt dip khdc phft hgp hem.
Cdc gido vien tilng Anh cftng dugc hdi vl quan dilm dii vdi mOt sl yeu ciu taxing chinh sdch sft dyng vd dgy - hgc tilng Anh hiOn ngy d ViOt Nam. Cdc kit qud tilnh bdy d Bdng 7 cho fliiy da sl ding y vdi ydu cdu rdng mgi cdng chftc ViOt Nam diu phdi bilt tilng Anh, cdc thi sinh dy thi nghidn cftu sinh, cao hgc phdi bilt tilng Anh vd giao tilp dugc bdng
Bang 7: Thdi dO cua gido vien dii vdi chinh sdch sft dyng vd dgy-hgc tilng Anh d Viet Nam
37 tilng Anh Id tieu chuin dl xdt phong cdc chiic danh gido su vd phd gido su.
Tuy nhien, cd din 40% gido vidn khdng ding ^ vdi ydu ciu cdc Budng phi tiidng vd dgi hgc d ViOt Nam t l chftc dgy - hgc bdng tilng Anh, kl cd d mdn todn vd mOt sl mdn khoa hgc khdc. Ti Id phdn doi ciia gido vien tilng Anh dii vdi ydu ciu ndy (40,1%) cdn cao hon cd ti 10 phdn dii cua cdng chftc dii vdi ydu ciu ndy (38,5%).
Nhftng ngudi phdn dii cho rdng dinh dO ngogi ngft (tilng Anh) cfta cd thiy vd trd nhln chung diu khdng dft dl cd till hgc tdp vd gidng dgy bdng tilng Anh, dft dd Id mdn todn hay mdn khoa hgc khdc, trft mOt sl trudng chuyen, ldp chgn.
Quan diem 1. Mpi cdng chftc Viet Nam diu bdt bupc phdi bilt tilng Anh 2. Thf sinh dy thi nghien cuu sinh, cao hpc bit huge phai biet tilng Anh 3. Giao tiep d u ^ bdng tilng Anh Id tieu chuin chung de xdt chtrc danh gido su vd phd giao su 4. Cdc trudng phi thdng va dgi hpc d Vi§t Nam nen t l chftc dgy hpc bdng tilng Anh, it nhit Id mdn todn vd mdt s l mdn khoa hpc khdc
Dongy 132 (85,7%)
143 (93,5%)
137 (89,5%)
84 (55,3%)
Khong dongy 16 (10,4%)
10 (6,5%)
16 (10,5%)
61 (40,1%)
•!?kien khdc
6 (3,9%)
7 (4,6%)
Ting s6 154 (100%)
153 (100%)
153 (100%)
152 (100%) 4.Ketlu$n
Trd len chiing tdi dd trinh bdy mOt bftc ttanh khdi qudt vl trinh dO ngoai ngft, ndng lyc gidng dgy, nhftng khd khdn va thdi dd cfta gido vien dii vdi chinh sdch sft dyng vd dgy - hgc tilng Anh hipn ngy d Vift Ngm. Kit
qud phdn tich cho thiy, gido vidn chung ta mdi chi dgt chuin vl bdng cip, cdn cdc kl ndng ngogi ngft vd ndng lyc gidng dgy cfta hg diu rit ktai.
Nlu khdng gidi quylt nhanh vd tiiet dl nhihig ylu kdm cfta dgi ngu gido vien till cd till khdng dinh nhftng myc tieu md D I dn ngoai ngft de ra sd khdng
38 Ngdn ngft- s6 1 nSm 2 0 1 3 t h i ndo dgt dugc. Tuy nhidn, nhftng
y l u k^m cua gido vign khdng phdi Id nguygn nhdn duy nhit 1dm cho vife dgy - hgc ngogi ngft k^m hifu qud nhu hifn nay. Cde gido vign dd nh$n difn dugc nhilu khd khdn vd trd nggi.
Nhftng khd khdn vd trd nggi ndy c i n du^c gidi quylt sdm dk gido vign ty tin dftng ldp vd hpc sinh tin tudng vdo nhftng dilu dupe hgc.
T A I L I $ U THAM K H A O 1. D I dn Dgy vd hgc ngogi ngit trong h? thdng gido difc qudc ddn giai dogn 2008 - 2020.
2. Vu Thj Thanh Huong, a. Nghiin ciru, khdg sdt tinh hinh su dtfng ngogi ngit d Vi0t Nam ph\ic v{i cho vi^c xdy dyng lugt ngdn ngit a Viit Nam, De tdi khoa hgc cip Bg 2011-2012,2012.
b. Nhu cdu ngogi ngit vd thdi dg ciia cdng chuc ddi vdi chinh sdch gido due ngogi ngit hiin nay d Viit Nam (Nghiin cuu trudng hgp cdng chuc tinh Thdi Binh vd thdnh phd Bd Ndng), T/c Ngdn ngft, S l 8,2012.
c. Thdi dg cua gida vien ddi vdi viicdgy-hgc mdn tiing Vi^l theo chuar^
trinh vd sdch gido khoa hiin hdnh, Ki yeu Hf i tiido quIc t l "Ddo tgo vd nghiin c&u ngdn ngit hgc d Viit Nam: nhitng vdn di li lugn vd thyc tien", Nxb DHQG HN,2011.
d. Budc ddu tim hiiu mdi qugn hi giita thdidg vd hdnh vi ngdn ngit (qua de li$u vi cdch phdt dm (I) vd (n) d long Tdn Khai. xd VTnh Tuy, Hd Ngi), Hgi
tiido quIc t l Ngdn ngft hgc Lien A lin tiift VI, Nxb KHXn, tr. 624-637,2005.
SUMMARY
Vietnam has adopted tiie Scheme for Teaching and Learning Foreign Languages in the National Education System Phase 2008 - 2020 which has a target to transfomi foreign language competencies of Vietnamese people into their competitive power in the global economy. Whether or not Vietnam will achieve this target depends largely on the qualifications of foreign language teachers. To access the feasibilities of the Scheme as far as foreign language teachers are concerned, this paper presents the findii^ on Vietnamese English teacher^
competencies and attitudes towards the current foreign language education policies in Viemam. The research was based on a survey of 155 English teachers currently working at different schools and universities in tiie Norlhan and Central parts of Vietnam and tiie English competencies assessments conducted by the Ministry of Education and Training. The results show that despite the fact that almost all English teachers meet the required education qualifications, their levels of English competencies are extremely poor. The paper also discusses the various reasons for this reality and concludes that if the teachers' foreign language competencies still remain poor, tiiere will be no surprise that the objective set out in the Scheme will remain a dream for Vietnam.