VIEN D | A LY • VIEN KH&CN VIET NAM KOI DIA L'r VTET NAM
DAC DIEM DIA LY KINH TE- XA HOI VUNG VEN BIEN TINH THAI BINH
Phcim Hoang Htii, Nguyen Thj Hen Yin
SUMMARY
Thai Binh coasted region have great potential in economic and social development not only for Thai Binh province, but also for the country. Recent years, the region's economy has developed fairly but some areas such as indusUial processing, marine products and tourism development is not conmensurate with the potential and characteristics of the region. The economic contribution for the province is still low, does not have to create a position for Thai Binh province. However, with the potential to have a geograpTiical location, seafood tourism and economic developmeni accomplishments achieved, the Thai Binh coasted region ccni be seen as the key economic regions of the
Thai Binh in the coming years.
I. MO DAU
Viing vnc bien Thai Binh bao gdm 30 xa va thj tran (14 xa cd bd bien va 16 xa, thj trln CO boat ddng lien quan den bien), trong dd cd 14 xa, 1 thj trln thudc huydi Thai Thiiy va 15 xa ciia huyen Tien Hai la vimg bien cd nhieu tiem nang trong phat trien kinh tl xa hdi.
Vdi 50 km bd bien keo dai tii' cii'a sdng Thai Binh .„.. , cho tdi cira Ba Lat ciia sdng Hdng thudc dja gidi hai huyen
Tien Hai va Thai Thuy, giau tiem nang ve hai san, cd vimg bai trieu rdng tren 28,000ba thuan lgi cho viec phat triln san xuat thiiy san, lam nghiep gdp phan tich cue chuyen ddi ca cau kinh te, tang nhanh tdc do kinh te ciia viing va ciia tinh; cd cang bien qudc gia Diem Dien, ben ca Nam Thjnh da budc dau dugc dau tu nang cap tao dieu kien giao luu hang hda vdi cac tinh trong ca nude va Qudc te;
ven bd cdn cd cac cdn cat Cdn Vanh, Cdn Thii, Cdn Den va viing dat ngap man rat thich hgp trdng cay sii vet, ban tap trung, vira gifr dat chan sang, vira tao mdi trudng sinh thai va canh quan thien nhien du Ijch sinh thai, dudng
bdih... Tuy vay, viec khai thac tiem nang, lgi the tren vao phat trien kinh te xa bdi cua khu virc vimg ven bien thdi gian qua cdn ban che, chua phii hgp vdi tiem nang, dac diem ciia vimg.
n. CAC TIEM NANG PHAT TRIEN KINH TE XA HOI VUNG VEN BEEN THAI BINH 1. Vi tri dja ly.
Vimg ven bien Thai Binh nam d phia Ddng Bac va Ddng Nam ciia tinh. Tdng dien tich tu nhien nam 2008 ciia viing la la 47.182,38 ha. Phia Bac giap vdi thanh pho Hai Phdng qua sdng Hda, phia Nam va Tay Nam giap tinh Nam Djnh qua song Hdng,
Hdi nghi Khoa hgc Dia ly Todn qud'c lan th& o - Hd Ndi, 2010 759
phia Ddng giap bien Ddng vdi bon 50kin bd bien. phia Tay giap cac xa cdn lai ciia huyen Thai Thuy va Tidi Hai. La vimg kinh te trgng diem trong quy hoach tdng thi phat triln kinh te xa hdi ciia tinh Thai Binh giai doan den nam 2020; Vimg ven bidi Thai Binh cd Qudc Id 37, Qudc Id 39 \ a du kien se cd tu)'en dirdng qudc Id ven bidi di qua. Ben canh dd, Vimg cdn nam gan tam giac tang trudng kinh te trgng diem Bac Bp la Ha Ndi- Hai Phdng- Quang Ninh (each Ha Ngi khoang 140kin, Hai Phdng 30kni, Ha Lona -Quang Ninh 60km theo dudng bien), tuyen hanh lang kinh te Cdn Minh- Lao Cai- Ha Ndi - Hai Phdng, hanh lang Hai Phdng- Ha Ndi- Lang Son- Nam Ninh, hanh lana kinh tl \ en bien Bac Bd va \ img kinh te Nam Trung Qudc.
Ranh gidi dai ven bien dugc chia thanh:
- Viing ngoai de dat bai bdi. mat nude ven bien ciia sdng chiem 54.8% tdng dien tich tu nhien loan viing. Viing nay rat thich hgp cho kha nang k d hgp phat trien nuoi trdng tbii)' bai san \'a trdng rirng ngap man vira dam bao phat trien ben vung va cho kha nang gifr dat chdng xdi mdn ciia bien.
- X'iing trong de (dat ndi ddng), chiem 45,2%o tdng dien tich tu nhien toan vimg, hang nam khdng dugc bdi tu them pbii sa.
Vj tri dia ly nlur tren da tao nhieu thuan lgi cho viing ven bien Thai Binh phat trien kinh te xa hdi: thuan lgi trong giao luu kinh te, dac bid la kinh te bien va cd vj tri chien luge bao ve quoc phdng an ninh ciia tinh Thai Binh va khu vuc dong bang Bac Bg.
2. Tiii nguyen dat
Vimg ven bien Thai Binh hinh thanh cac loai nhdm dat:
- Nhdm dat phen: Nhdm dat nay phan bd clui yeu tap trung d cac xa ciia huyen Thai TliLi)', dat dugc sir dung cho phat trien ndng nghiep va trdng rirng phdng hd.
- Nhdm dat man: Phan bd tap trung d khu vuc ven bien va mdt dai ven 5 con sdng Idn chay trong khu vuc do sir xam nhap ciia nude bien theo ddng chay sdng vao miia kid. Dat man it cd the chuyen ddi sang nudi trdng tluiy san vdi nhung ddi tugng nudi cd tinh rdig muoi nhu tdm rao, toni sii va ca rd phi... Loai dat man nhieu thich hgp cho viec chuyen doi sang nuoi trdng thiiy san nham dat dugc hidi qua kinh te cao ban. Dat man sii vet phan bo phia ngoai de hoac trong cac con de bdi. Tren loai dat nay chi thich hgp trdng cac loai cay ngap man. tao nidi trudng thuan Igi cho viec xay dung dam, ao nudi trdng tlui)' san vi nhidi chat hfru ca tir cac ca)' ngap man va nhieu sinh vat phii du tii' ngoai bien dua vao.
- Nhdm dat phii sa: Dat cd thanh phan ca gidi tir thjt trung binh den thjt nang, phan irng ciia dat chua yeu, phii bgp vdi nhilu loai binh canh tac kluic nhau, ke ca nong nghiep \ a thii) san,
- Nhdm dat cat bien: Phan bd d cac bai cat ven bien va tren cdn cat ngoai bien.
Rat ngheo dinh dudng va cd phan img chua )'lu, kha nang trao ddi cation thap, chi cd the sir dung trdng phi lao, khong phii hgp cho canh tac ndng nghiep,
3. Tai nguyen nude
* .Xgiidn nude mat .De kiem ke tiem nang ngudn nude mat Vimg ven bicn Thai Binh, chimg tdi da xem xet kha nana trfr va tru)ln tai nude mat. Vice kiem ke nguon nuci'c mat dugc lien hanh theo kru \ uc sdna \'a theo lanh thd.
760 Hdi nghi Klioa hgc Dia ly Todn qud'c la'n th&S - Ha Ndi. 2010
VIEN DIA LY • VIEN KH&CN VIET NAM HOI DIA LY VIET NAM
Tai ngu)cn nude tai chd. dugc xac dinh bdi lugng mua. Lugng mira lap truna chu ydi lir lining V den ihang X, cliic-iu 74,8% krgng mua ca nam. Trong khi krona boc hai do dugc bang dng Piclie (U'ong khdng kbi). Ihang Idn nhai xual hidi \ao ihana Vll vdi krgiia boc hai do dugc dai ldi 1 16mm. liiang cd krgng bdc hai nho nhat la ihana 11. Ill vdi krgng bdc boi iilio bon 50mm.
Tai ngu)cn nirtic qua canh: Nam irona dai ddng bang ven bicn sdng Iking- sdna Thai Binh, cac sdng clui) tren dja phan ngliidi ciru deu la doan ha du vi la cua sdng ciia cac sdng ihudc he ihdng song Hdng, sdng Thai Binh. Vi vay, ngoai tai ngiuen ngudn iiiiiTC ndi tai (nude mua roi Ircn be mat, krgng iiirde trfr trong mang ludi sdng sudi, ao ho ciia khu v u c . ) cdn mgi lugng nude Idn lir thugng ngudn qua vimg dd ra bien. Vdi km virc Idn nen hang luini long krgng nirdc ciia kai he Ibdiig sdng luiy klui ddi dao.
Irung binh loan he thdng la 122,3.10''iii3, trong dd sdng Thai Binh chiem khoang 8.3.10 in3. Khu virc nghien ciru nam gifra hai cira sdng chinh ciia be thong sdng Ildng (cua Ba Lat) va cua sdng Thai Binh (cua Cat Khe), vi vay die do nirdc sdng o' khu vuc chju tac ddng ciia ca bai song Idn: die do ddng chay ciia song Hdng va die do ddng cha)' ciia sdng Thai Binh.
* Ngudn nude ngam.
Ngudn nude ngam Vimg ven bicn thugc tieu vimg nhiem man, nhiem phen, chat lugng nude khdng ddng nhat: cd xa gan bien nhung khdng nhiem man do hinh thanh lir cac cdn cat ven bicn. Mdi trudng dang cd nhieii bien ddng do nhu can phat trien hinh thanh \a boat ddng lir cac khu, cum cdng nghiep. Ling nghe hidi na}' va tuong lai, viec khai thac he sinh thai ven bicn chira thong nhat theo quy hoach ngav tir dau ngudn, cac linh dang luiy sinh nhieu bat cap.
Mill khiic ngudn nude trong vimg ibco danh gia khao sal tdng quan Ihi muc nude ngam d do siiu Ircn dirdi 60in mdi dam bao vc sinh, do vay kha nang khai Ihac bj ban che so vdi dieu kien kinh te ciia nhan dan trong vimg, Khu virc nghien ciru, vimg ven bicn Tien Hai nhin chung khdng cd ngudn nude ngam d do sau tren dudi 60m cd the sir dung cho sinh boat cfing nhu cung cap nude cho san xuat ma chu yen van sir diing ngiiiin ntrdc mat tir be thdng sdng true thuy Igi cap nude cho sinh boat va san xual.
* C7;c' do thuy trieu.
Vimg ven bicn Thai Binh ciing nhu \ img ven bien cira song ddng bang sdng Hong cd che do nhat trieu kha ibuan nhat, linh nhat trieu thuan nhat giam dan tir Bac xuong Nam. Bien do dao ddng tdi da 3,0- 3.5m, trung binh 1,7- 1.9m va tdi thidi 0,3- 0,5ni. Muc nude trieu kin nhat nhieu nam co the dat 4,0in va thap nhat khoang 0,08m.
Do cao Iriiiii trung binh 1,8m, do cao luyel ddi tir 0,6- 3,8m. Sd ngay trieu cudng tir 3m trd len cd lir 152- 176 ngay. Nude bien xam nhap qua cac cira sdng \ao dat lien kha sau: 22kni ddi vdi sdng Hdng va 20kin ddi vdi sdng Tra Ly vdi ndng do mudi 5-
I0%o. Do cao thuy trieu va sir nhiem man ha luu cac cira sdng la dieu kidi thuan lgi de chuyen ddi mgt so dien lich cho pbep sang nudi trdng hai san, nhat la hai hu)en ven bien Tiln ILii, Tlmi Thuy. Tuy vay, thuy trieu lai cd ban che trong phat trien du Ijch lain bien tren ca dai ven bd nay.
4. Tiii nguyen khoang san.
Tiem luing ve khoang san ran cua vimg ven bien Tluii Binh khong nhieu. lu) nhidi khu virc Tiln Hai la nuil hu)di co liem nang Idn ve khi mo \ a nude khoang.
Hdi nghi Klioa hgc Dia ly Todn qud'c la'n th&S - Hd Ndi, 2010 761
Cac naudii nuoc klioang d gieng khoan 82.^^ \k 61 kliu \arc Tien Hai dugc xac djnh la loai nude khoana giai kliat cac chi tieu hda. ly deu dat tieu chuan. Hien na)' 2 gieng kliaan na)' dana dugc kliai thac d do sau 450ni, tru' lugng udc tinh klioang 12 trieu ni3. da kliai tliac tir nam 1992, san lugng kliai thac nily nam gin day dat 3 0 - 4 0 Uieu lit/nam.
Do nim gin cac nio klii D14- STL va 103 TH, Thai Binh la mdt thj ti'udng quan trong va cd triln vgng nhll trong cum thj tmdng ve su' dung klii md d phia Bac. Md khi ddt Tiln Hai da dugc khai thac tii nam 1986, mdi nam klioang 20 trieu m3 klii. Thang 5/2003 Tdng Cdngty diu klii Vid Nam tiln hanh nd dja chan Id 3D Vjnh Bac Bg de chuan bj kliai thac phuc vu phat ti'iln cdng nghiep cua tinh (trfr lugng udc tinh ban dau khoang 7 ty iii"'). Lgi the na)' ve tai nauvdi ciia Thai Binh da binh thanh Khu cdng nghiep khi md Tien Hai bao gdm bon 30 nha may vdi sd vdn dau tu klioang 1.023 t)' ddng va tao viec lam cho bon 4.000 lao ddng (tinh din thang 6 •2008).
5. He sinh thai va tai nguyen thiiy siin.
Theo ket qua dieu tra, khao sat he thuc vat khu bao tdn thien nhien dat ngap nude ven bien hai huyen Tien Hai va Thai Thuy cho thay: d huyen Tien Hai, thuc vat noi c6 57 gidng, 111 loai va 12 loai thudc nganh tao khue; huyen Thai Thuy thdng ke dugc 26 he thuc vat vdi 48 chi, 52 loai. Trong cac don vj phan loai theo thdng ke dugc thi ho Cue la Idn nhat vdi 10 loai, tiep den la hg Cd. So sanh ve thanh phan loai ciia cac canh rirng ngap man (RNM) tren pham vi loan qudc tbi RNM ven bien Thai Binh tuong doi ngheo, nhung dac biet la d day van giir dugc rirng ban nguyen sinh keo tir phia Nam cua Van Uc den cira Thai Binh va keo dai den Thuy Trudng rdng 500ha. Nguyen nhan chinh la \'i \iing cira sdng ven bien Thai Thuy chua dn djnh, la vimg bien hd nen s6ng manh, nude bien cd do man thap nen RNM cd thanh phan loai dac trung cho vimg cira sdng vdi cay ban chua chiem uu the.
Ve ca the khac tbi nhieu nhat la cay trang, day la loai cay chiem uu the trong viing, sau dd la cay sii, cay cdi, cay say (tap trung nhieu d Thai Thiiy),cay tra, cay 6 ro, mudng bien, phi lao...
Ve gia trj kinh te ciia he thuc vat thi cd tdi 19 loai la cay dugc lieu. Ricng cii cay Trang da thi nghidn lam thudc chua bdng rat tdt. Ngoai cay Trang cdn cd cay Sii, cay Ban cho nhieu hoa, tru' lugng Idn, thdi gian ra boa keo dai cd the phat trien nghe nuoi ong lay mat d \ img nay. Mdt gia trj to Idn khac ciia khu RNM la nai cu tni cho cac loai chim di cu.
- Klui he chim: Viing ven bien Thai Binh cd klioang 149 loai chim, trong do co 64 loai chim nude va chim nhd di cu, dac bid cd 4 loai chim trong 11 bai dang cd nguy ca bj de dga toan cau, dd la Cd md thia, Mdng be md ngin, Bd ndng chan xam, Quam dau den.
- Khu he ca tu nhien ven bien Thai Binh : cd 152 loai cd xirong sdng va 4 loai ca sun thudc 51 hg cua 13 bd ca. Ca song rai rac phan tan, chua thay cd bai ca nao xual hien vdi mat do cao. Cac loai cd gia trj kinh tl cua vimg biln Thai Binh la ca Trich, ca Dua, mdt it ca Thu, mdt it ca day dac san nhu ca Thii, ca Hong,,, Ca nude Ig cd 40 loai cd kha nang thich nghi vdi sir biln ddng Idn vl do man, Hau bit la ca nude Ig c6 gia trj kinh te cao nhu ca Thii, ca Virgc. ca Doi mil dd, ca Doi vln. ca Bdp (nude Ig) \'a cac loai thugc bg ca Bdng, Cac ddi tugng giap xac nhu tdm rao, tdm sii, tdm thd toni nuong, cua xanh. Cac doi tugng rong biln nhu rong cau chi vang. Cac ddi tugng nhu)en the nlur ngao, vgp,ngan, hlu...
762 Hdi nghi Klioa hgc Dia ly Todn qud'c la'n th&S- Ha Ndi, 2010
VIEN DIA LY • VIEN KH&CN VIET NAM HOi DIA LY VIET NAM
6. Tiem nang du ljch.
Vimg ven bicn Thai Binh cd nhieu tiem nang trong phat triln du lich. Vdi 23kni chieu dai bd bien cua Tien liai cd khu du ljch Dong Chau, Con Vanh, Con Thu; 27 km chieu dai bd bien ciia khu du ljch sinh thai Thuy Trudng, khu du Ijch Con Den va khu sinh thai ran So'n ciia Thai Thuy. Rirng ngap man Thuy Trudng la no'i cu tni ciia nhieu loai chim qu)/, canh quan thicn nhien hoang da. Ben canh dd, vimg cdn cd cac cdn dao cd bai lain thoai cat vcii cac di tich cap Qudc gia gan lien vdi cac le hdi truyen thdng nhu bdi den Chdi d Tbiiy Trudng (thd Thien, Dja, Thuy Phii, Vuang Phu Tran Ky, Vuang Mau...), hdi den Met d Thai Thugng (thd Pham Ngu Lao, danh tudng nha Tran), hdi den Quang Lang d Thuy ILii (thd ba cbiia Mudi), hdi den An Cd d Thuy An (thd Nam Hai Dai Duong), den Ba (.xa Ddng Minh)... Cac loai binh du Ijch cd the phat trien d day la du ljch bien, du Ijch sinh tluii nghi dudng, du ljch le hdi va tham quan nghien ciru.
III. DAC D I E M DIA LY KINH TE - X.A. HOI VUNG VEN BIEN THAI B I N L I
1. Dan sd ddng, nguon lao dong ddi dao nhung chat luong lao dong chua cao.
Nam 2008, dan sd ciia Viing ven bien la 208.296 ngudi, chiem 43,6% dan sd ciia hai huydi Tien Hai va Thdi Thuy, chiem 11,2% dan sd toan tinh. Mat do dan sd trung bdnh dat 963,4 ngud'i/km2, thap hon mat do dan sd ciia tinh (1,203 ngudi) va cua hai huydi Tien Hai, Thai Thuy (990,3 ngudi) nhung lai cao hon mat do dan sd ciia Vimg dong bang sdng LIdng (DBSLl) (933,0 ngudi). Ca cau dan sd theo gidi tinh tuang ddi dn djnh, ty le dan sd nfr so vdi dan sd chung nam 2008 khoang 51%.
Dan sd tap trung ddng d cac thj Iran, thj thir nhu'ng nai ddng vai trd la trung tam kinh te, thuong mai ciia huydi, ciia .xa. Nai ma cac boat ddng kinh te dien ra manh me hon (dac biet la cac nganh phi ndng nghiep) dien binh d Thj tran Diem Dien (sd dan chiem 5,4% so vdi tdng sd dan ciia Viing) cd mat do dan sd cao nhat, gap 4,5 lan so vdi mat do dan sd chung ciia loan Vimg.
Dan sd ciia Vung ddng dd tac ddng manh den ca cau lao ddng va cd anh hudng den su phat trien kinh te ndi chung.
Nam 2007, loan Vimg ven bien cd 107.340 lao ddng, chiem 53,2% so vdi tdng sd dan, trong dd lao dgng ndng nghiep la 66.651 ngudi (chiem 62,1%)), lao dgng phi ndng nghiep Li 40.689 ngudi (chilm 67,9%). Trong co cau lao ddng ciia Viing, ndng nghiep van la nganh thu hiit dugc nhieu lao ddng nhat (bao gdm ca lao ddng trong thuy san va lam nghiep). Tuy nhien hien nay, co cau lao ddng ciia Vimg dang cd su chuyen djch theo hirdng ca clu kinh tl: giam ty trgng lao ddng ndng nghiep, tang ty trgng lao dgng cac nganh phi ndng nghiep (cdng nghiep, djch vu). Liau h d cac xa deu cd ty le lao ddng nong nghiep nhilu hon lao ddng phi ndng nghiep. Rieng thi tran Diem Dien va mdt sd xa lan can nhu Thuy Hai, Thuy Luong- nhung dja ban tap trung nhilu nhll cac boat ddng cdng nghiep va djch vu ndn so lao ddng ndng nghiep chiem ty le rat nho so vdi tdng sd lao ddng ciia thj Iran va xa.
Nguon lao dgng doi dao song chit lugng lai khdng cao. Lao ddng trong do tudi hien chilm khoang 55%o dan so, chii ylu chua qua dao tao. Ty le lao ddng qua dao tao nam 2005 dat 29%) lao ddng trong tuoi (trong dd qua dao tao nghe la 18%), nam 2007 tang len 34% (dao tao nghi la 22%). Sd lao ddng qua dao tao cd trinh do dai hgc, cao ding, trung d p cbii ylu dang lam viec d cac ca quan Dang, chinh quyen, doan the...
Hdi nghi Khoa hgc Dia ly Toan qud'c la'n th&S - Hd Ndi, 2010 '763
Lao dona co trinh do ta) nghe cdn lliap nen chua tao ddng lire thiic day phat trien kinh tllheo lurona CNH- HDH.
Bdng I: Chuyen djch co' cdu lao dgng giai dogn 2005-2007 (%) Theo nganh
1ona so
Lao dong nong nghiep
Nam 2005 100 71.50 28,50
Nam 2007 100 62,10 37,90 Lao dona phi ndng nghiep
Trona nhfrng nam gan day, kinh te ciia khu vuc ven bien va vimg kin can phat triln kha manh. Vdi su ra ddi ciia khu cdng nghiep Tien Hai, nganh cdng nghiep, xay duna va thuong mai budc dau da cd hirdng chuyen djch da tao dieu kidi thuan lgi va thu bill su quan tam ciia cac nha dau tu trong va ngoai nude, tii' dd lao ra nhieu viec lam. Khi nhu clu ve viec lain dugc giai quyet, sd lugng ngudi lao ddng di lim kiem
\ ice lam o tinh ngoai da co chieu birdng giam so vdi nhung nam trudc day.
2. Co' cau kinh te cd sir chuyen djch lich cue theo hudng cdng nghiep hoa, hien dai hoii tuy nhicn cdn cham.
Vdi uu the trong nudi trdng va danh bat thiiy hai san nen trong ca cau kinh tl cluing cua Viing, nganh ndng- lam- tluiy san van la nganh san xuat clui yeu vdi ty trgng chiem khoang 50%. 0 giai doan 2000- 2007, ca cau kinh te da cd sir chuyen djch theo hudng CNH. tuy nhien cdn chain. Ty trgng ciia nganh ndng- lam- thiiy san dang giiim dan (tu 61.26% nam 2000 xudng cdn 49,5% nam 2007), ngugc lai vai trd ciia nganh cong nghiep, xay dung cai thidi dang ke, ty trgng khu vuc nay tang len 12,06% d giai doan 2000-2007. LTnh \'U'c djch vu- thuong mai giam nhe tir 16.6% nam 2000 xuong con 16,3% nam 2007,
Bdng 2: Chuyen djch co' cdu kinh te Vung ven bien Thdi Binh (%) Chi tieu
Ndng, lam, thiiy san Cdng nghiep, xay dung Djch vu
Niim 2000 61.26 22,14 16,6
Nam 2007 49,5 34,2 16,3
3. Nong nghiep tuy cu giam ve ty trgng nhung van la nganh giii' \ai trd quan trgng trong phiit trien kinh tc ciia Viing.
Mac dii ty trgng nganh ndng nghiep trong Vimg giam dan va bien chi chiem 1/3 gia trj san xuat loan nganh nhung san xuat ndng nghiep van gifr vai trd quan trgng trong phat trien dn djnh kinh te khu vuc Vimg ven biln. Toe do tang trudng gia trj san xual giai doan 2001-2005 dat 4,0%/nani, trong dd trdng trgt tang l,9%)/nain, chan nudi tang 9,0%/nam, Giai doan 2006-2007 dat 5,1 %/nam,
Co cau nganh ndng nghiep cd sir chuyin djch theo hudng tang dan ly trgng nganh chan nuoi, giam dan ty trgng nganh trdng trgt pbii bgp vdi xu hudng cluing ciia loan linh. Nam 2000, ty trgng nganh chan nudi chiem 27,48%o, din nam 2007 tang ldi chilm 40,98% gia trj san xuit nganh ndng nghiep,
Tong san krgng luong tkirc cd hat loan Vung nam 2007 ki 84,067 tan, chidn 7.3% san lugng ciia tinh va chiem 1,1% so vdi tdng san lugng luang thuc cd hat cua Viing Dong bang sung H6ng, Luib vuc chan nudi phat triln dn djnh trong nhfrng nam qua. Phuang thirc chan nuoi cua Vimg dang chuyin dan tir nhd le sang chan nuoi tap
764 Hdi nghi Khoa hgc Dia ly Toan qud'c lan th&S - Hd Ndi, 2010
VIEN DIA L'r - VIEN KH&CN VIET NAM HOI DIA LY VIET NAM
trung, hinh thanh mdi sd Irang Irak gia trai. Nam 2006 va nam 2007 da hinh thanh khu chan nuoi lap trung cd quy mo Idn tai xa Nam '1 bang vdi dien tich tren 20ha; hoan thanh dau lu co' sd ha uing, giao dai cho cac hg di vao san xuat.
Bdng 3 : San lut/ng luong thuc cd hat binh qudn ddu nguiri ciia Vung ven bien so vdi tinh vd Vung DBSH (kg/ngudi)
Dia phuong Vimg DBSH Tinh Thai Binh Vimg veil bicn
1999 384,5 604,7 374,7
2007 352,8 568,8 416,7 Tuy vay, sir phat trien ciia nganh van tdn tai mdt sd ban che.
- Co can kinh te ndng nghiep chii)'cn dich tich circ song chua ddng bd, trdng trgt van cdn chiem ly trgng Idn. Cac mat hang nong san dac trirng cd gia trj cao ciia Vimg chua dugc quan lain.
- Quy mo san xual ndng nghiep nhd, clui )'eu la kinh te hd,
- Viec khai thac va sir dimg dat dai cdn ban che, gia trj san xuat binh quan tren Iha dat canh tac cdn chua cao,
- Chan nudi chii yeu van la tan dung, chan nudi trang trai, gia trai c6 budc phat trien nhirng phd bien d quy md nhd, pluin tan. Viec ITmh thanh khu chan nudi tap trung quy md Idn cdn nhieu khd khan, bat cap.
4. Thuy siin la nganh kinh tc mui nhgn.
Mgt trong nhfrng the manh ciia cac dja phuong ven bien dd la nudi trdng va khai thac thiiy bai san. Hien tai, khu virc thiiy san chiem ly trgng cao trong co' cau ciia nganh nong, lam, tbiiy san va dang cd xu hudng tang len. Nam 2000, ty trgng ciia khu vuc nay chilm 55,99% thi din nam 2007 tang len 67,12%.
Vdi vai trd la nganh kinh le miii nhgn ciia Vimg ven bien Thai Binh, nhfrng nam qua san xuat thuy san khu vuc da dugc quan Uini, dau tu phat trien va dat dugc nhung ket qua dang khich le tren tat ca cac ITnh vuc khai thac, nudi trdng, die bien va djch vii hiiu can nghi; ca, tao dicu kidi nang cao thu nhap, cai thien ddi sdng cho nong, ngu dan;
gop phan tich cue vao chuyen djch ca cau kinh te ndng, lam nghiep, thuy san ciia bai huydi veil bien ndi rieng va ciia tinh ndi chung. Gia trj san xuat ciia nganh chiem 60,1%
long gia trj san xuat nganh thuy san ciia tinh. Trong co cau ciia nganh, d nam 2000, danh bat chiem ty trgng Idn (57,89%) do nudi trdng chua phat trien (39,2%). Tuy nhien.
nhfrng nam gan day ITnh vuc nudi trdng da dugc dau tu tham canh, dac bid la trong nuoi trdng man Ig nen gia trj nudi trong tang nhanh va chiem ty trgng ngay cang cao trong ca clu nganh thuy san. Ca cau ciia nganh nam 2007: nuiii trdng chiem 54,87%, danh bit chilm 43,72%).
San lugng thuy san nam 2007 dat 20.778 tin (tang 10.925 tin so vdi nam 2000), chiem 26,7% so vdi san lugng ciia tinh va chiem 4.5% so vdi Vimg DBSH.
Phuong tbirc, binh thirc nudi cd sir chuyen bien manh. Trudc nam 2000, chii yeu la nudi quang canh tu nhien, den nay da chuyen manh sang phuang thirc nudi quang canh cai tiln, ban tham canh va tien tdi nudi theo phuong thirc tham canh d cac vimg tap trung. Thirc hien da dang binh thirc nudi, nudi luan canh, xen canh cac doi tugng
Hdi nghi Klioa hgc Dia ly Toan qudc Idn th&S - Hd Ndi, 2010 765
vdi nhau dl nang cao gia trj san xuat tren mdt don vj dien tich va cai tao mdi Irirdng nhu torn su- cua xanh. tdm sii- rong cau..
Cdna tac khoanh vimg, chuyen ddi tir dat cay liia. lain mudi kem hieu qua sang NTTS tap trung da dugc dly manh va dd dat dugc bieu qua kinh te cao. Den nay, long dien tich chu)'ln ddi dat 1.264ha, trong dd dien tich NTTS man Ig la 930ha tap trung d cac xa Ddng Long, Ddng Minh, Dong Hai. Nam Cudng, Nam Thang, Nam 'Lhjnh...;
Thai Thugng, Thai Dd,Thuy Xuan. Thuy Trudng, Thuy Hai,,,
Naanh thuy san cd budc phat trien manh nhung van cun mdt sd tdn tai: phuong thiic nudi chu ylu la quang canh cai lien; trong nudi trdng man Ig van dc d nhiem moi trudng nude, djch benh van xay ra anh hudng khdng nhd den ket qiia san xuat; nuoi trdng nude nggt quy md nhd, phan tan; khai thac bai san cbii yeu la khai thac ven bd;
chi biln thuy san mdi dugc tap trung vao san pham ndi dja, chat lugng chua cao; cong tac san xuit gidng, tbirc an. thii y thuy san, sira chu'a tau thuyen... chua dap irng yeu cau phat trien.
5. Cdng nghiep che bien hien dang la nganh kinh te then chot trong he thong cac nganh cdng nghiep.
La vimg bien cd rat nhieu tiem nang trong phat trien cdng nghiep, dac bid la cong nghiep che bien. Nganh che bien ndng san thuc pham da, dang va se dugc dat len hang dau bdi le tiem nang phat trien ndng nghiep dang md ra nhieu hudng di mdi bang viec chuyen djch CO cau (theo hudng giam dan t)/ trgng ndng nghiep, tang dan ty trgng thuy san), thay doi miia vu va no da tac ddng khdng nhd den nganh cdng nghiep- TTCN ciia Vimg ven bien.
Hien tai, gia trj san xuat ciia cdng nghiep che bien chiem tren 90%) gia trj san xuat ciia nganh cong nghiep. Nhung nganh nghe san xuat chdnh la che bien luong thuc, thue pham, thuy hai san. Nhung nam gan day, loai bdnh cung nghiep nay cung dd thu hyt dugc rat nhieu nha dau tu quan tam, do cii mdt sd du dn dau tu vdi quy md Idn ma dien biiili la Nha may che bien ndng thuy hai san Richbeauly (vdn dau tu 44,8 ty ddng)...
San pham ciia nganh cdng nghiep che bien cung rat da dang, phong phii ca ve chiing loai va sd lugng nhu thiiy san ddng lanh, bdt ca, nude mam, mam tdm... Nhdn chung, sd lugng cdc san pham nay nhung nam qua dang tang Idn rat nhanh, dap u'ng nhu cau sir dung ciia ngudi tidu dung.
Bdng 4: Mdt sd sdn phdm cua nganh cdng nghiep giai dogn 2000-2007 Ten siin pham
Mudi
Thuy san ddng lanh Bdt ea
Nude mam Mam tdm ca khd Hang may mac Chieu cac loai Danludi May rem
Don vi Tan
- - lb'lit
Tan - JQlgp Chiec 10-^2 Cai
2000 7,000
146 3,500 435 2.780 350 6,800 700 1,500
2005 3,000 1,310 300 5.150 1,023 4.056 869 10.700 1.220 2.300
2006 3.000
1.450 400 5.347 1,150 4.380 970 11.400 1.300 2.550
2007 2.000 1.620 500 5.615 1.290 4.730 1.100 12.200 1.390 2.856 Song, bicn tai von diu tu cho san xull cdng nghiep, TTCN niii chung, ciia cimg nghiep che bicn mii ridng cdn it; quy md ciic doanh nghiep san xull hau bet la vira va
766 Hdi nghi Khoa hgc Dia ly Todn qud'c lan th&S- Ha Ndi, 2010
S'
VIEN DIA LY - VIEN KH&CN VIET NAM HOI DIA LY VIET NAM
nho, cd rat it doanh nghiep dau tu Idn. Trang thiet bj ca sd vat chit va ky thuat lac hau, nang suat lao dgng cdng nghiep thap, chat lugng san pham chua cao, sire canh tranh tren thj trudng yeu, dac bid la bj siic ep canh tranh Idn tir cac dd tbi va khu cdng nghiep.
6. Du lich phat trien chua tuong xirng vdi tiem nang da cd.
Mdt the manh nfra ciia Vimg ven bien Thai Binh la du ljch. Mac du la khu vuc cii nhieu dicu kidi thuan lgi trong phat trien cac loai bdnh du ljch bien, du Ijch sinh thdi, tham quan nghidn cuu nhung nhfrng nam qua nganh du ljch ciia Vimg chua thuc sir dugc dau tir va quan tam dimg mirc. Mac dii tinh da cd bd tri cac chuang trinh du ljch van boa- sinh thai bang viec da quy hoach cac lang nghe vdi cac diem, viing du lich sinh thai, thang canh dac trung nhu gan san pham nude mam noi tieng, ca ciia Thuy Hai (Thai Thuy) vdi den ba Chiia Mudi; khu du ljch sinh thai ven bien rirng ban nguyen sinh, tam bicn, san pham chieu cdi va cac san pham tir cdi ciia king nghe del chieu Nam Thang- riiuy liai vdi tam bien, xem chim nude, du thuyen rirng ngap man (do Ling nghij gan khu bao tdn thien nhien dat ngiip nude cira sdng Hdng) .v.v... Hang nam, Vimg ven bien mdi chi thu hiit dugc mdt lugng khach du Ijch cbii yeu la cac thanh, thieu nien, sinh vien vao ky nghi be td chirc di pinic, tham quan tam bien tai Ddng Chau va cac cdn dao Cdn Vanh, Cdn Thii vdi mdt lugng nhd khach du Ijch la cac nha khoa hgc, cac chuyen gia trong va ngoai nude quan tam den rirng ngap man ven bien.
Nam 2005, tdng lugng khach du ljch khoang 23.600 lugt ngudi, bang 13,11% lugng khach du Ijch ciia tinh. Nam 2007 khoang 39.000 lugt ngudi, bang 14,18% ciia tinh.
Doanh thu du Ijch nam 2005 dat 4 ty ddng, tang 2,35 lan so vdi nam 2000, nam 2006 dat 5,1 ty va nam 2007 dat 6,4 ty dong.
Nguyen nhan do ca sd ba tang phuc vu du Ijch cfing nhieu ban che, thieu ddng bg.
Hien nay,,,loan Viing cd khoang 7 ca sd luu trii du ljch (nha khach, nha nghi), 10 nha hang an udng phuc vu du khach va 8 khach san tap trung chii yeu d khu vuc xa Ddng Minh (Tien Liai) va thj Iran Diem Dien (Thai Thuy). San pham du ljch cun nghoo nan, don dieu chua hap dan du khach. Ngudn nhan lire trong nganh vii'a yeu, vira thieu chua dap irng nhu cau phat trien du ljch trong khi boat dgng tuyen truyen quang cao cung md nhat, chua bieu qua.
Ben canh do, su nhan tbirc ve phat trien du Ijch ciia ngudi dan cung nhu cac ban nganh chua day dii va nhat quan. Su dau tu ciia Nha nude, su buy ddng cac nguon vdn phuc vu phat trien du ljch dai ven bien chua tuong xirng vdi tiem nang va yeu cau phat trien.
IV. KET LUAN
Vimg ven bien Thai Binh cd nhieu lgi the tiem nang ddi vdi chien luge phat trien kinh te ciia tinh Thai Binh ndi rieng, ciia ca niidc ndi chung. Hien tai, Vimg chua thu hilt dugc su quan tam va dau tu nhieu trong mgi ITnh vuc cua cac nha dau tu, ciia cac ban nganh trong va ngoai Vimg cho phat trien kinh te xa hdi. Trong nbiing nam qua nen kinh te ciia Viing ciing cd nhieu thay ddi song nhung ddng gdp kinh te cho tinh van cdn d mu'c thap, hien tai chua tao cho Vimg cd mdt vj the ddi vdi tinh Thai Binh. Tuy nhien, vdi cac tiem nang da cd :
Sdi nghi Klioa hgc Dia ly Todn qud'c la'n th&S-Hd Ndi, 2010 Kol
- La mgt \'iing thuan ndng cua tinh, trong dd thuy san phat trien manh trona nbfrna nam qua, la nganh mui nhgn cua Vimg va dang dan chiem ty trgng Idn trona naanh thu) san tinh Thoi Bdnh,
- Vj tri dja 1) thuan Igi va cac tiem nang thuy hai san da cd, Vimg ven bien Thai Binh dang tra thanh mgt dja ban kha hap dan cho cac nha dau tu trong ITnb vuc chi biln thuy hai san, dong tau,,,, ddng vai tro quan trgng trong chien luge hu) ddng cac nguon von vao tang trudng kinh te ciia Vimg \'a ciia tinh,
- Tiem nang du ljch ciia Vung phong pbii dd tao dieu kien cho Vimg ven biln dang dan trd thanh mgt diem du ljch hap dan ciia tinh.
Va nhd nhfrng thanh tuu phat trien kinh te da dat dugc, Viing sen bicn co thi dugc coi la \ iing kinh te trgng diem cua linh Thai Binh trong nhung nam tdi.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Le Dien Dire. Qudn ly long hgp vung cua sdng ven bien huyen Tien Hdi, tiiih Thdi Binh. Trung lam lai nguyen mdi trudng, Dai bgc Qud'c gia Ha Ngi.
2. Dang bg huyen Tidi Hai, huyen Thai Thuy. Bdo cdo cua Ban chap hdiili Ddng bd .xd vd cdc bdo cdo tliifc hien nhiem vu phdt trien kinh texd hgi nam 2006, 2007.
3. Pham Hoang Hai va nnk. Quy hogch tdng the phdt trien kinh texd hdi \'itiig ven hien Thdi Binh giai dogn 2020. Lla Ngi, 2007.
4. Nguyin Tlianh Lai. Nlidiig gidi phdp chii ycii nhdm chuyen dich ca cd'ii udng llidii huven Tien lidi. 2005.
5. Nien gidm thdng ke linh Thai Binh 2005, 2008. Cue thdng ke Thai Binh.
6. Sd Ke hoach va Dau lu tinh Tliai Binh. Quy hogch dinh hudng phdt trieu khu kinh te'Diem Dien. Tliai Binh. 2000,
7. Sd Khoa hgc cdng nghe \'a Mdi trudng tinh Thai Blnb, Dinh hudng chien htgc hao ve mdi trird'ng Thai Binh giai dogn 2001-2010.
8. UBND tinh Thai Binh. Du an khai thac vung kinh te ven bien huyen Tien Hdi, linh Thdi Binh 1997-2000. Tien Hai, 1997.
9. UBND huyen Thai Thuy. Bdo cdo tinh hinh thuc hien nhiem vu phdi trieu kinli le .xdhgi ndm 2008, phuang hud'ng, nhiem vu nam 2009 huyen Thai Thuy.
led Hdi ng-hi Klioa hoc Dia Iv Todn qud'c la'n th&S-Hd Ndi. 2010
