NGHIEN cuu-TRAODOI
/
DAC DIEM ON RUNG CUA MAY KHOAN XOAY DAP THI CONG HAM KHAU DO VLfA VA NHO
NOISE AND VIBRATION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ROTARY AND STRUCK -DRILLER WORKING IN SMALL AND MEDIUM TUNNELS
ThS. Bui Van Tram', GS, TS. Chu Van Dat^ TS. Nguyin Lam Khanh' 'Truong Dai hpc Cong nghe Giao thong Van tai
^Hpc vien Ky thuat Quan sir
"Truong Dai hpc Giao thong Van tai
rOM TAT
Bdi bdo trinh bdy dgc diem gay rung on den ngudi dieu khien mdy khoan xoay ddp kieu thuy lire 'hi cong hdm khdu do vira vd nhd. Ket qud nghien ciru giiip cho viec xdc dinh cdc nguon on, yeu to dnh hudng muc do gay on ciia mdy khoan xoay dap kieu thuy luc.
TiF khoa: dn rung; Mdy khoan xoay ddp thiiy luc; Hdm...
ABSTRACT
The article presents the vibroacoustic characteristics of the hydraulic rotary and struck driller zaused the driver working. The result is used to identify noise sources, factors affect the level of noise of hydraulic rotary and struck driller
Keywords: Noise and vibration; Hydraulic rotary and struck driller; Tunnel...
1. DAT VAN DE on den moi truang xung va dac biet la nguai van , . , hanh. De thuc hien duac nhiem vu nay cSn phai Hien nay, khi khai thac may, van de tieng on . , . . . , -
nghien cim bai toan chong rung on cabin. Day
;hua thuc su duac quan tam gay anh huong tai . . , • • , . , - .. ., . . , » • • . . • . .
• ^ " •' la bai toan ky thuat phuc tap, doi hoi sir phan iiic khoe cua nguai van hanh trong cabin. Nghien ^.^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^.^^ ^ji^ ^,^^^^ ^^^ ^^.^-^^ ^^ ^.^^
:iiu dac trung gay rung on la nhiem vu can thiet \^^^ j ^ (l,a„h. Cac nghien cihi tap trung bao ve Ki vai cac may xay dung dang khai thac tai Viet nguai dieu khien va giam thieu t6i da tac hai tir Mam nham han chS t6i da anh huong cua tieng cac nguon nay.
TAP CHi CO KHl VIET NAM, S6 3 nam 2014 www.cokhivietnam.vn
NGHIEN CUU - TRAO DOI
2. NGUON ON VA CACH THUC LAN T R U Y t N TREN MAY KHOAN XOAY D A P KiEU THUY L i r e
Cac nguon gay on va each thuc lan truyen den cabin may khoan xoay dap dugc the hien tren hinh 1.1.0 day, cac nguon gay on chinh deu do cac bp may va he thong cau thanh nen may.
Nhung nguon gay on chinh tren may khoan khi lam viec gom:
- Nguon dong luc cua may chinh la dpng c a Diesel, trong qua trinh hoat dpng do qua trinh nap nhien lieu, nen khi, no va xa khoi ma tiing 6n dpng ca phat ra rat lan. Khi bo truyen true khuyu - thanh truyen hoat dpng gay nen sir mat can bang may sinh ra rung lac truyen len khung may lan
truyen tai cabm.
- Bp cong tac khi khoan vao da gay lire dgng dan tai sir dao dpng cua khung tang len, ben c^nJi do cac he thong dieu khien bp cong tac nhu he thuy lire, bg truyen xieh, he banh rang va sirva cham eua dau biia xuong nen da deu gay rung va on lam anh huong tai nguai dieu khien.
- Dac biet, khi may khoan xoay dap lam vi^c gan cac nguon gay on ben ngoai tac dpng cabin nhu nguon on tir may phat dien ciia cong truang;
Nguon on tu eac may xay dimg khi lam viec ben canh,... anh huong rat lan toi cabin lam suy giam sue khoe va giam hieu qua cong viec ciia ngiioi van hanh.
Cac nguon gay on chinh
Cac dcmg lan truyen tieng on
Theo khong khi
Cac may va thiet bl dien
^ Dong CO dien, may phat dien Dong CO
He thong truyen dpng
•He thong thiiy luc
HJ
->f Qu:
Hop cac te, cac ky, quat
B6 truyen banh rang Bo truyen ma sal Bo truyen cac dang Cac moi ndi ciia
bo truyfen
•-• 6 6 tmyen xich, biia ua go[j-»
Bom va dSng co Xi lanh thuy lire
Ngcfi dieu khien
San ca bin Giam chin cua cabm
~~r-
Khung may
~ ~ f —
Cac giam chan cua may
Nhiing chi tiet cua v6 may
Khong giaa trongcabin
Hinh LI Sa dd nguyen ly ciia cdc ngudn on vd cdch thuc lan truyin tren mdy khoan xoay ddp.
B f B TAP CHI CO KHi VIET NAJVI, s 6 3 nam 2014 www.cokhivietnam.vn
NGHIEN cuu-TRAODOI
(. D ^ C DIEM GAY ON RUNG E>EN NGU'Oft DlEU KHIEN CUA MAY KHOAN XOAY DAP
Hinh 1.2: Cdc ngudn gay dn rung den ca bin mdy khoan xoay dap:
1) Ngudn rung dn tit bd ngudn thiiy luc; 2) Ngudn dn tie ngudn ddng luc;
3) Ngudn rung dn tit dng xa; 4) Ngudn rung dn tit khung;
5) Ngudn rung dn tir mUi khoan; 6) Ngudn rung dn tir cdc bd truyen ddn ddng mdi khoan.
Dac tnmg cua may khoan xoay dap co anh
^uang den qua trinh gay rung on den cabin nhu sau:
- Dpng CO, hop so va eae hop giam toe duac JO tri tren ciing mgt khoi lien ket voi khung khong hong qua cae phan tu dan hoi nen sinh ra dao long cong huang dan toi rung dgng va tieng on an. Nguon dpng luc dugc bo tri ngay duoi san
;abin se tao thanh song am tac dpng len san cabin,
!QC truyen cong suat tu dpng co den cac bp dan long ciia may thuang kem theo viec phat ra tieng m ky thuat va tiing 6n thuan tuy, hai y l u to nay cuit hien do an khop banh rang, lam viec etia 6 )i va sir dao dgng uon, xoan cua cac true. Ngoai a, he thdng truyen dpng, ngu6n dgng lire khong
^ u g c bao phu ciing la tac nhan lan gay rung on.
- Bp cong tac dugc dan dpng chinh bai he
hoat dgng sinh ra on do dgng eo thuy luc cong suat Ion lara viec, dong chat long ehay trong cac tuy 6, sir dong m o cua eac van phan phoi va xi lanh lien ket cae khau. Ngoai ra, bp cong tac con duge dan dgng bai eac bp truyen nhu bp truyen xieh, he banh rang, bp go dau biia, bp xoay miii, nhiing bg phan nay khi lam viec deu phat ra tieng on Ion va gay rung lac bg eong tac lam anh huong tai ca bin eiia may.
- Liic mui khoan tiep xiie vai da bat dau sinh ra khoi bui, rung dgng va on lan, trang thai nay keo dai tai khi miii khoan xuyen sau trong long nui da.
Cac nguon gay on anh huong toi ea bin co ban da dupe phan tieh ve dae diem gay rung va on, tu phan tieh do lam ca so cho viec xac dinh eae nguon on, yeu to anh huong eiia tung ngu6n
;h6ng thuy lue, bo ngu6n ciia he thSng nay khi de de xuat phuong an giam thieu.
TAP CHi CO KHI VIET NAM, S6 3 nam 2014 f ^ www.cokhivietnam.vn • • • •
NGHIEN cuu-TRAO DOI
2. NGUON ON VA CACH THlTC LAN TRUYEN TREN MAY KHOAN XOAY DAP KiEU THUY Lire
Cae nguon gay on va each thiic lan truyen den cabin may khoan xoay dap duge the hien tren hinh 1.1.0 day, cae nguon gay on chinh deu do cac bg may va he thong cau thanh nen may.
Nhung nguon gay on chinh tren may khoan khi lam viec gom:
- Nguon dpng luc eiia may chinh la dgng co Diesel, trong qua trinh hoat dgng do qua trinh nap nhien lieu, nen khi, no va xa khoi ma tiing 6n dgng CO phat ra rat lan. Khi bp tmySn true khuyu - thanh truyen hoat dgng gay nen sir mat can bang may sinh ra rung lac truyen len khung may lan
truyen tai cabin.
- Bp cong tac khi khoan vao da gay luc dm dan tai sir dao dpng cua khung tang len, ben canli do eae he thong dieu khien bg cong tac nhu h?
thuy lire, bg truyen xich, he banh rang va sir va eham ciia dau biia xuong nen da deu gay rung va on lam anh huong toi nguai dieu khien.
- Dac biet, khi may khoan xoay dap lam viec gan cac nguon gay on ben ngoai tae dgng cabin nhu nguon on tir may phat dien cua cong tnrong;
Nguon on tu cae may xay dung khi lam viec ben canh,... anh huang rat Ion toi cabin lam suy giam sue khoe va giam hieu qua cong viec ciia nguoi vati hanh.
Cac nguon gSy 6n chinh
Cac may va thiet bl dien Dpng ca
He Ihong truyen dong
-*
•*
L - -*
He thong thiiy lure Quat gio B6 cong tac
- ^
Cac dcfng lan truyen tieng on
• •
Theo ket ca'u
Dong CO dien, may phat dien 1"
quat
B6 truyen banh rang Bg truyen ma sat
• Bo truyfin cac dang Cae moi noi ciia
bp truyen Bo truyen xich, biia g
r r r r r
I.
Bam va dong co | —
r
-•*
Theo khong kh
.
» '
Ngcri dieu khien
+
San ca bin Giam chan cua cabin
+
Khung may
t
Cac giam chan cua may
+
Nhirng chi tiet cua v6 may
f
Khong gian trong cabin
.
Hinh I.I: Sa do nguyin ly ciia cdc ngudn dn vd cdch thuc lan truyin trin mdy khoan
Iff!! TAP CHi CO KHi VIET NAM, Sd 3 nam 2014 www.cokhivietnam.vn
xoay a
NGHIEN c u u - T R A O DOI
. DAC D I E M GAY ON R U N G DfiN NGlTOfi DIEU K H I E N CUA M A Y KHOAN XOAY DAP
Hinh 1.2: Cdc ngudn gay dn rung den ca bin mdy khoan xoay dap:
1) Ngudn rung dn tir bd ngudn thuy luc; 2) Ngudn dn tir ngudn ddng luc;
3) Ngudn rung dn tir dng xa; 4) Ngudn rung dn tit khung;
5) Ngudn rung dn tit miii khoan; 6) Nguon rung dn tit cdc bd truyen ddn ddng miii khoan.
Dac tnmg ciia may khoan xoay dap co anh luong din qua trinh gay rung 6n den cabin nhu sau:
- Dpng ca, hop so va cac hop giam toe dupe
>6 tri tren ciing mpt khdi lien ket vai khung khong hong qua cae phan tu dan hoi nen sinh ra dao long cong huong dan toi rung dgng va tieng on on. Ngudn dpng lue dugc b6 tri ngay dudi san labin se tao thanh song am tac dpng len san cabin, 'ec truyln cong su4t tu dpng ca den cac bp dan long ciia may thudng kem theo viec phat ra tieng m ky thuat va tiing dn thuin tiiy, hai yeu td nay uat hien do an khdp banh rang, lam viec ciia d i va sir dao ddng udn, x o i n ciia cac true. Ngoai a, he thdng truyln ddng, ngudn ddng lire khdng uoc bao phu ciing la tac nhan Ion gay rung dn.
- Bd cong tac dugc d i n ddng chinh bdi he cac ngudn dn, yeu td anh hudng ciia timg ngudn idng thiiy luc, bd ngudn ciia he thdng nay khi de de xuSt phuong an giam thilu.
TAP C H i C O K H i VIET NAM, 86 3 nam 2014 f f H www.cokhivietnam.vn §ji§f boat ddng sinh ra dn do ddng eo thiiy luc cdng
suat Idn lam viec, dong chat long chay trong cae tuy d, su ddng md cua cac van phan phdi va xi lanh lien ket cac khau. Ngoai ra, bd cdng tae cdn dugc dan dpng bai eac bd truyen nhu bd truyen xich, he banh rang, bd go dau biia, bd xoay miii, nhimg bg phan nay khi lam viec deu phat ra tiing dn Idn va gay rung lae bd cdng tac lam anh hudng tdi ca bin cua may.
- Liic mui khoan tiep xiic vdi da bat diu sinh ra khdi bui, rung ddng va dn Idn, trang thai nay keo dai tdi khi miii khoan xuyen sau trong Idng mii da.
Cac ngudn gay dn anh hudng tdi ca bin ca ban da duge phan tich ve dac d i l m gay rung va dn, tu phan tich do lam ca sd cho viec xae dinh
NGHIEN cuu-TRAODOI
4. CAC PHUONG PHAP GIAM THIEU TIENG ON TREN MAY KHOAN XOAY DAP
Am hgc ky thuat hien dai dua tren nen tang to Idn vl thilt bi va phuong phap chdng tieng dn va
rung ddng bdi am thanh. Mac du eac phuong ti^n va phuang phap chong dn va rung rat da dang, tuy nhien, tuy theo eong dung, nguyen ly tac dgog, vat lieu dugc sii dung, v.v...cd the phan loai chiing nhu hinh 1.3.
Cac phuong phap, phuong tifin bao v6 khoi tac hai ciia tig^iig 6n va rung dong do flm thanh gay ra
'
Cac phuang tien
Theo doi tirgng
1
c ^ bao v&
Phuong tien bao vi. tap th^
Phirong tiSn bao ve ca nhan
\
Theo m6i trucmg
Phirong tien giam tieng on truyln
i'hirong tien giam
—*~ tieng On truydn
1
Theo nguon on
Giam titfng on tai nguon
j
Theo cac nguon 6nphu
Thi^t bi chii dfing
Giam Cieng on irei du&ng truyen
Thigt bi bldpng
Cac phuong phap
1
Cach ly am
n
-
Hap ihu am j4—
Sir dung thig't bi tieu am
Cach ly va hf(p thu rung
Hinh I 3 • Cdc phuang phdp vd thiet bi gidm dn vd rung.
Muc dich cua viec su dung thiet b; chdng dn va rung la ngan chan anh hudng xau den thinh giac (roi loan, giam thinh lire, diee ...). Ngoai ra, cdn ngan chan tac ddng x4u tdi eae eo quan khac nhu he than kinh, he tieu hda, he tuan hoan, v.v... Nhiing thilt bi nay dupe md ta d (hinh 1.4).
Hinh 1 4. Sa dd bd tri nhirng thiet bi bdo ve khdi tiing dn vd rung ddng trin dudng lan truyin:
1) Ngudn dn; 2) Cdch ly rung ciia ngudn; 3) Bao chup; 4) Vdch chdn dm; 5) Cabin cdch ly rungva nhihig gidm chdn; 6) Gdi cdch ly rung; 7) Sdn ca bin.
TAP CHi CO KHi VIET NAM, S6 3 nam 2014 www.cokhivietnam.vn
NGHIEN ciru-TRAO DOI
Phuong phap ehdng dn duge thuc Men theo cac hudng nhu each ly rung hay giam chSn, hip thu rung, su dung thilt bi tieu am ddi vdi ddng khi gay dn Idn.
Flinh 1.5: Kit cdu gidm chdn:
1) Vdt gdy rung; 2) Gidm chdn; 3) Mat nin.
Hinh 1.6: Ket cdu hdp thu rung:
I) Bi mat hdp thu rung vd dn;
2) Lap phu gidm chdn.
Ngay nhan bai: 15/01/2014 Ngay phan bien: 27/02/2014
5. KET LUAN
Rung ddng eua cabin chii yeu phu thugc su kich dgng tir ddng co va he thdng truyen dgng khi lam viec, do bd cdng tac tuong tac vdi mdi trudng dat da, he thdng thuy luc, ddn ddng miii khoan va eae ngudn rung dgng khac gay anh hudng den ngudi dieu khien. Vi vay, chiing ta can cd nhiing bien phap thiet thue nham bao ve sue khoe ciia ngudi dieu khien. Do dd, ngay tu khau thiet ke, che tao da phai nghien cuu nhiing ndi dung sau:
+ Xay dung phuang phap danh gia miic dn rung sa bd trong cabin may khoan xoay dap;
+ Xay dung phuang phap tinh toan giam chan ddng hpc ciia cabin may khoan xoay dap;
+ Xac dinh mdi quan he giiia tieng dn trong cabin va che dp lam viec cua may bang phuang phap thuc nghiem, tren co sd thue nghiem dua ra mdi quan he giiia tieng dn trong cabin va nhirng thdng sd ket cau;
+ De xuat nhirng giai phap chdng dn cd hieu qua trong cabin may khoan xoay dap. •
Tai lieu tham khao:
[1]. M.J.Crocker, N I.Ivanov (1993), Noise and vibration, Interpublish.
[2]. Frank Fahy, Paolo Gardonio (2007), Sound and Structural Vibration, Elsevier, in Oxford, UK.
[3]. HBanoB H. H. (2008), HujKeHepHan uKycmuKa: Teopua u npoKmuKa doptdu c myMOM, yHHsepCHTeicKaa KHffl-a, Jloroc, PoccHS.
TAP CHi CO KHi VIET NAM, S6 3 nam 2014 www.cokhivietnam.vn
