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GIAI PHONG CON NGl/dl-HAT NHAN TRIET LY NHAN VAN PHAT TRIEN HO CHI MINH
• GS, TS TRAN VAN PHONG Hoc vien Chinh tri quoc gia Ho Chi Minh
• Torn tdt: Bdi viet phdn tidt, chdng minh g^i phong con ngUdi Id hat nhdn trong triet ly nhdn vdn phdt trien Ho Chi Minh. Dieu ndy the hien d nhUnggid tri cot loi trong Ui tUdngHd Chi Minh: Gidi phdng con ngUdi khoi sU tha hda bdn tinh tU nhien cua con ngUdi; gidi phdng con ngudi khdisUnd dich, ^ hdc, hdc Ipt cua thiic ddn, dequdc vd ddi n^o, mu chU, binh tdt; gidi phdng con ngUdi khdi chu n^ia cd nhdn; gidi phdng con ngUdi khdi tdn dii, hdu qua cua chien tranh; xdy diingcon ngUdi VietNam phdt trien todn dien decon ngUdi cd thetUgidiphdng minh.
• TU khda: gidi phdng con ngUdi, triet ly nhdn vdn phdt trien Ho Chi Minh.
D
ai hdi DC eiia Dang ehi rd: "Tu tudng Hd Chi Minh la mdt he thdng quan dilm todn dien vd sau sdc vl nhung vdn dl ciia each mang Viet Nam, Id kit qua cua su van dung va phat triln sang tao chu nghia Mac - LInin vao dieu kiln eu thi cua nude ta.Dd la tu tirdng ve gidi phdng dan tgc, giai phdng giai cdp, gidi phdng eon ngirdi; ve dgc Igp dan tdc gdn Uln vdi CNXH, kit hpp sue manh ddn tde vdi siic manh thdi dai; vl siie manh ciia nhdn dan, cua khdi dai doan kit toan dan tde;
vl quyin lam chu cua nhan dan, xay dung Nha nude thyc su cua dan, do dan, vi dan; vl qudc phdng todn dan, xay dung luc lugng vu trang nhdn ddn; ve phat triln kinh t l va vdn hda, khdng ngung nang eao ddd sdng vat chdt va tinh thdn ciia nhdn dan; ve dgo diic each mang, cdn, kiem, lilm, chinh. chi edng vd tu; vl chdm lo bdi dudng the he cdch mang cho ddi sau; ve xdy
dung Ddng trong sgch, viing manh, can bd, dang viln vua la ngudi ldnh dgo, vira la ngudd ddy td thdt trung thanh cua nhan dan..."'^'. Hat nhan trong nhiing ndi dung tu tudng nay cua Hd Chi Minh la giai phdng con ngudi. Dl giai phdng con ngirdd, trudc bet phdi gidi phdng dan tpc va giai phdng giai cap - tien dl, dilu kiln gidi phdng con ngudd. Do vay, ddi vdd Hd Chi Minh khdng cd muc tilu nao khdc la muc tilu giai phdng eon ngudi. ma trudc bet la con ngudd Viet Nam. Tii ddy chiing ta mdi hilu tgi sao, trudc luc di xa, ddi vdi vile rilng Ngudi lai vilt
"Sudt ddi tdi hit long, hit sue phuc vu Td qudc, phuc vu cdeh mang, phuc vu nhan dan. Nay du phdi tii bilt thi gidd nay, tdi khdng cd dilu gi phai hdi ban, chi la tile rdng khdng dupe phuc vu lau hon nua, nhiiu hon nira"'^'.
Cd the ndi, giii phdng con ngudi li hat nhin triit ly nhan van phit triin cua Chu tich Hd Chi
LYLUAN CHfNH TRj-So5/2020
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KY N I E M 130 N A M NGAY SINH CUA CHU TICH hv/ ^ . .Chii tich Ho Chi Minh suot d&i cong hien cho s\c nghiep gidi phong ddn tdc, dem lgi cuoc song dm no, tu do, hanh phuc cho nhdn ddn Viet Nam _ Anh: TL
Minh. Triit ly nhdn vdn phdt triln Hd Chi Mmh Id nhirng ludn dilm, tu tudng cdt ldi nhat cua Ngudi ve mue dich cua phat tiiln la giai phdng eon ngudi. ddng luc cua phdt triln la chinh eon ngudi. nguyen nhan, dilu kiln, khuynh hudng ciia sy van ddng, phat tiien eua each raang Viet Nam ciing la do con ngtrdi quyit dinh va nhiing tu tudng. quan diem nay da ttd thanh nguyin tdc, phuong eham sdng. boat ddng each mang cua Ngudi'^'. 6 day chiing ta tap trung vao mue dich giai phdng con ngudi vdi tu each la hat nhdn ttong tiiet ly nhan van phdt triln Hd Chi Minh.
Dieu nay the hiln d radt sd dilra chii ylu sau:
Thunhit, giai phdng con ngudi khdi su tha hda ban tinh tunhien cua con ngudi. Bdile, con ngudi li sing tao cao quy cua tao hda, ve ban tinh nr nhien cd quyen duoc sdng, quyin tu do va quyin muu cau hanh phdc bit kha xim
pham. Xuat phdt ttr chd Hd Chi Minh hieu chti Ngudi rdt ddc ddo: "Chu ngirdi, nghia hep la gia dinh, anh em. hg bang, bdu ban. Nghia rgng la ddng bao ca nude. Rdng niia la ca lodi ngudi"''".
Ngbia la, con ngirdi theo Hd Chi Minh la sdng tao cao quy eua tgo hda nhung ed tinh xa hdi dugc thi hien 6 cae thang bac khdc nhau: Gia dinh - Td qudc - Nhan loai. Trong ca ba tang ndc xa hdi dy: Gia CUnh - Td qudc - Nhan logi con ngudi diu CO quyin dugc sdng, quyen tu do va quyen muu cau hanh phiic. Day la ban tmh ty nhiln, quyen tu nhiln von cd eiia con ngudi, khdng ai, khdng thi lue nao cd the xam pham. Khdng phai ngdu nhien md trong Ldi md dau ciia "Tuyen ngdn ddc lip", Hd Chi Minh da trich ddn ludn dilm bat hii cua Tdmdt Giephecxon - nha khai sang ndi tieng ttong Uch su dau ttanh gjai phdng dan tdc cua nhdn dan My: Tdt ca mpi ngudi sinh ra
LYLUAN CHINH TRj-So 5/2020
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deu cd quyin binh ddng, tgo hda cho hp nhiing quyen khdng ai cd the xam phgm dugc. Trong nhiing quyin ay co quyin duoc sdng, quyin ty do va quyen muu cau hanh phiie. Ciing ttln co sd ciia viec nhdn thiic giai phdng con ngudi ma Hd Chi Mmh khdng ehi diing 6 dd, Ngudi dd phdt trien them: Suy rdng ra cau ay cd nghia la:
Tdt ca cde dan tgc tten thi gidi diu sinh ra bmh ddng, ddn tdc ndo cung cd quyin sdng, quyen sung sudng vd quyen tu do. Nghia la con ngudd ludn gdn vdi dan tgc va vl ban tinh phai dugc sdng tu do, dirge muu cau hanh phue ttong gia dinh, ttong dan tgc - Td qudc mmh vd ttong ddi sdng nhan logi. Ciing chi ttln co sd ndy chting ta mdi hieu ttong sudt cudc ddi boat dgng edch mang, Hd Chi Minh khdng cd myc dich nao khac ngoai muc dich: Ddn tdc dugc ddc lap, dan quyen dugc ty do, dan sinh dugc hanh phue. Bdi le. nlu ddn tpc khdng dugc dgc Igp thi khdng tbi ndi tdd ddn quyen dugc ty do, ddn smh dupe hanh phiic. Tuy nhiln, Hd Chi Minh edn nhan thiic rat rd "nude dgc lap ma dan khdng hudng hgnh phuc, ty do, thi dpc Idp, tu do eiing chang cd nghia ly^"'^'; "chiing ta ttanh dugc tu do, ddc lap rdi ma dan cii chit ddi, chit rit thi ty do, doe Igp ciing khdng lam ^"'^'. Nghia la muc tilu cudi ciing eiia Hd Cbi Minh la hgnh phuc cho mdi con ngudd! Do vdy, can giai phdng con ngudi khdi mgi sir tha hda, t n ^ hit la su tha hda nhung quyen vdn ed, bdt kha xdm pham ma tao hda da ban cho con ngudd. Dd la "quyin dirge sdng, quyin ttJ do va quyin muu cdu hanh phue".
Thii hai, giii phdng con ngudi khdi su nd dich, ip bim, bdc lot cua thm: din, dequdc va ddi ngheo, mu chd, benh tit Triit ly nhan van phat triln eua Hd Chi Minh rdt rd rang, neu eon ngudi chua dupe giai phdng thi phai giai phdng hp, trudc hit la giai phdng hg khdi nd dieh, dp biic, bdc lot eua thyc dan, dl qudc. Bdd le, nlu
dan tdc ma con ngudi thudc vl chua dupe gidi phdng thi eon ngudi cua dan tpc dd chua thi dugc giai phdng. Vi vdy, neu dan tdc chua ddc lap thi trudc bet phai gianh ddc lap dan tgc. Vi dgc lap ddn tdc la dieu kiln, tiln de eho eon ngudi dugc giai phdng, dupe ty do, hanh phuc.
Con ngudi khdng thi ed tu do, hgnh phue trong dilu kiln ddn tpc hi dp biic, nd 11. Ngay tir khi cdn hgc d trudng Qudc hpc Hul, Nguyin Tdt Thanh khi dy da tiip thu tinh than giai phdng dan tde tir thdy gido Hoang Thdng - ngudd thdy da chi cho Ngudi rd:" Nude mdt khdng phai mdt mdt hp rieng ndo. Nude mdt thi ddn tpc hi diit vong""^. Vi thi chiing ta mdd hieu trudc su that bgi cua ede phong ttao Cdn Vuong, Phong ttdo Ddng Du, phong trdo cua Hodng Hoa Thdm, eua khoi nghia Yin Bai, v.v.. Nguyin Ai Quoc quyit dinh phdi sang cdc nude TayAu "xem hp lam nhu thi nao rdi ttd vl giup ddng bao" rainh.
Den Phdp. dugc dgc "Sa thao lan thu nhit nhdng luan cucmg vi vin didin tdc vi van di thudc dia "ciia V.I.Lenin da giup cho Nguyin Ai Qude nhdn bilt mdt td chiie chmh tri can tham gia la Qudc te III do V.I.LInin sdng lap vd ldnh dgo thyc sy giup dd cae dan tde bj dp biic ddu ttanh ehdng ehu ngbia dl qudc gidnh dde lap, ty do. Rdi Ngirdd sdm nhan ra rdng. mudn gidi phdng ddn tpc thi phai cd dang ciia giai cdp cdng nhan dua tren nin tang chii ngbia Mdc - LInin, phdi thue hien liln minh cdng - ndng, v.v.. Tren cosd nghien ciiu, hpc tap kinh nghiem cua phong trao cdng nhdn qude te, Ngudi dd lam tat ca dl giai phdng dan tgc Viet Nam khdi aeh dd hd cua thyc ddn, de qudc.
Khi dan tgc dupe dpc lap, cd chinh quyen eua nhan ddn rdi thi Ngudi ludn chdm lo lam sao dl bdt ky ngudi dan nao cung cd com an, do mdc, duge hgc hanh, dm dau dugc chiia benh, ngudd gid cd, neo don dupe xd hdi quan tam. Ndi khdc
LVLUANCHfNHTR!-So 5/2020
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KY NlfiM 130 N A M N G A Y SINH CUA CHU T K H r di, Ngudi mudn thuc biln giai phdng con ngudd Viet Nam khdi ddi ngheo. thdt hge, mii chii, benh tat. Hd Chi Mmh nhieu ldn khdng dinh rdng n l u ddn ddi, dan ret thi Dang va Chinh phu cd ldi. Dilu nay ndi len rdng giai phdng con ngudd ttong triet ly nhan vdn phdt trien ciia Hd Chi Mmh phai giai phdng triet d l . Con ngudi duoc giai phdng khdi d l qudc tiiuc dan. nhung con ngudd cdn phai dugc gidi phdng khdi ddi, ret, benh tdt. mu chii, khdi ede phong tuc, tap quan lac hdu. De thyc hien duge mue dich nhan vdn dy tbi nhd nude phai td chiic, thyc biln tdt chire ndng xdy dyng. phat triln kinh te - vdn hda - xd hpi cua minh. Khdng phai ngdu nhiln ma rdt nhieu lan Hd Chi Minh yeu cdu cdn bp "phai ra siic thyc hien nhiing eai cdch xd hdi d l ndng cao ddd sdng ciia nhan dan"™. Nhiiu ldn Ngudi nhdn manh: "Nhiem vu quan ttgng bdc nhat eua chiing ta hien nay Id phdt trien san xudt d l ndng cao ddi sdng vat chat vd van hda ciia nhan ddn.Mudn cd chu nghia xd hdi thi khdng eo each ndo khac la phdi dde lye lupng ciia mpi ngudi ra dl san xudt. Sdn xuat id mat ttan chinh eOa chiing ta hien nay.. .Tat cd chung ta d bdt ky cdp nao, Nganh nao deu phai gdp sue lam cho san xudt phat ttien"'^'. Cliinh vi hilu ro vai ttd, chuc nang xd hdi ciia nhd nude ta raa Chii tich Hd Chi Minh ylu cau:' 'chinh sdch ciia Dang vd Chinh phu la phai hit siic ehdm nom d i n ddi sdng nhdn ddn"'""; "phdi thi hdnh mdt n i n chinh tri Uem khiet nhu cai thien ddi sdng ciia nhdn dan, ciiu t l thdt nghilp, siia ddi e h l dp xd hpi, phdt trien ldnh te. van hda, v.v.. Co nhu till, dan ehiing mdi dodn kit xung quanh Chinh phii""". Trudc luc di xa. ttong Di chuc Ngudi cdn can dan: "Dang cdn phdi cd ki hoach that tdt de phdt tiiln kinh t l va vdn hda, nhdm khdng ngimg nang cao ddi sdng cua nhan din"'^^\ Tdm lai. Dang vd Chinh phu phai ldm tat ca nhiing ^ cd till de nhdn dan
ngay cang dm no. tu do, hgnh phuc hon. Do chinh la cdi tmh tiiy nhdt, cdt ldi nhdt ttong triet ly nhan van phdt tiiln eua Hd Chi Minh - vi hgnh phuc cua con ngudi, cda nhdn dan!
Thu ba, giai phdng con ngudi khdi chu nghia ca nhan. Giai phdng con ngudd d Hd Chi Minh khdng cbi la giai phdng khoi thue dan. d i n qude, khoi ddi ngheo, mu chir, khoi phong tue, tap quan lae hdu ma cdn phai gidi phdng khdi chu nghia cd nhdn. Hd Cbi Minh Id ngudd rdt tdn ttpng, ndng niu timg ca nhdn, timg con ngudi, ttdn trpng lgi ich ea nhdn chinh dang cua timg ngudi. nhung ngudi kieb Ult phi phdn chu nghia ca nhdn. Vi vdy. ttong khi kiln quyet p h i phdn chu ngbia ca nhdn, Hd Chi Minh khang dinh:
"Ddu ttanh chdng chu nghia cd nhdn khdng phai la "giay xeo lin lgi ich cd nhdn". Mdi ngirdi d i u cd tinh each rieng. sd tnrdng rilng, ddd sdng rilng cua ban than vd cua gia dinh minh. Nlu nhimg lpi ieh ca nhan do khdng ttdi vdd Igd ich cua tap till thi khdng phai la xau""^'. Khi de cap tdd lgi ich ed nhan chinh ddng eua con ngudi, Hd Chi Minh da till biln rd each nhin biln chiing, dung ddn vl quan he giiia lgi ich cd nhdn vd lgi ieh tap thi. Ngudi viet: "Igd ich ca nhan la nam ttong lgi Ich cua tap thi. Lpi ich chung eua tap the dugc bao dam thi lgi ieh rilng ciia ca nhan mdi cd dieu kiln d l thda mdn"'"*. Hd Chi Minh la ngirdd duy vat, bien chiing rdt thyc t l , khdng sach vd cho nen theo ngudi "Ngudi ta ai cung cd tinh tdt vd ti'nh xdu""^'. "Trong de mgi ngirdi d i u cosy dau ttanh giua cdi Thien vd cdi ^chode ndi theo each mdd Id dau ttanh giiia tu tudng cdng san va tu tudng cd nhdn"'"''. Con ngudd ttong xa hpi eung vdy, cd ngudi tdt ngudi xau: "Theo nghia rdng tinea the gidivd ttong nude cd Thien va cd Ac. Theo nghia hep tiai ttong ban thdn tu tuong ciia moi ngudi ciing cd Thien va cd Ac""^.
Vdn de dat ra Id phdi biet khai thac. nhdn len.
LY LUAN CHfNHTRI-So 5/2020
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phdt huy cdi thiln, cdi tdt, eai dep ttong ban tinh moi ngudi vd mgi ngudi; lay cdi thien, eai tdt dl ldn dt cai ac, cdi xdu. Tir day, chung ta mdi hilu tai sao Hd Chi Minh lai quan tam nhiiu din cudc dau tranh ehdng chu nghia ed nhdn, chdng cdi ac, cai xdu dl ldm cho cdi thien, cdi tdt, cdi dep ludn la ban chdt dieh thye hien diln d mdi mgt con ngudi va 6 ca loai ngudi. Bdi ll, thyc hiln dugc dieu nay nghia lam eho con ngudi dupe giai phdng khdi chii nghia cd nhdn. Khi con ngudi cdn la nd ll cua chii nghia cd nhdn, ciia cdi ac, cdi xau thi khdng the ndi con ngudi dd dugc giai phdng triet dl.
Thutu, giii phdng con ngudi khdi tan du, hau qua cua chiin tranh. Do ddt nydc ta phai thyc hien cugc khdng chien chdng My, eiiu nude, giai phdng mien Nam thdng nhat Td qudc, cho nin trudc luc di xa, Hd Chu tich dd de lai cho todn Dang, toan qudn, toan dan ta ban Dl chuc vd cung quy bau. Nhdt qudn vdd triit If nhdn vdn giai phdng con ngudi, ttong DJ chuc tu tudng chi dgo, xuyIn sudt la sy quan tam din con ngudd, chdm cho eon ngudi ciia Hd Chii tich. Ddc bilt Ngirdd rat quan tam tdi timg sd phan con ngudi sau chiln tranh. Khdng phai ngdu nhiln ma thang 5-1968 khi xem lgi ban thao Di chuc trudc do, Ngudi thdy cdn thilt phai vilt thIm mdy dilm. Cu thi Ngirdi cdn dan can bd, dang viln:
"Ngay sau khi cudc chdng My, ciiu nude ciia nhan ddn ta da hoan todn thdng lgi, cdng viec ciia toan Dang, toan quan vd todn dan ta phdi ra sire lam Id mau chdng han gdn vet thuong nghilm ttgng do de qude My gdy ra ttong cudc chien tranh xdm luge da man""^'. "Dau tiln Id cdng vile ddi vdi con ngudi""^'. Tren tmh than dy, Hd Chi Minh can ddn Dang va Chinh phii phai quan tam tdi timg ddi tupng con ngudi ttong xd hdi sau ehien ttanh. Ddi vdi nhung ngirdi dd dung cam hy sinh mdt phan xuong
mdu ciia minh (cdn bd, binh sy, dan quan, du kich, thanh nien xung phong...). Dang, Chinh phii va ddng bdo phdi tun mgi cdch lam eho hg cd noi an chdn d yen dn, ddng thdd phai md nhiing Idp dgy nghe thieh hgp vdi mdi ngirdi dl hg cd thi ddn dan "ty lye cdnh sinh". Ddi voi cdc hit sy, mdi dia phuong can xay dung vuon hoa va bia ky niem ghi su hy sinh anh dung ciia cac hit sy, de ddd ddd gido due tinh than yeu nude eho nhdn ddn ta. Doi vdd cha me, vg con cua thuong bmh va Ult sy ma thilu sire lao ddng vd tiing thilu thi chinh quyin dia phuong phai giup do hp cd cdng viec lam an thich hpp, quyet khdng dl hp hi ddi rlt'^"'. Ngudi cdn quan tdm tdi thanh niln, phu nii, ndng dan, can dan Dang, Chinh phu phai cd kl hoach ddo tgo, bdi dudng thanh nien; xay dung quyin binh dang thuc su cho phu nii; miln giam thue ndng nghiep cho ndng dan, v.v.. Khdng nhiing vay, Ngudd cdn quan tdm den ca nhung nan nhdn ciia che do xd hdi cii vi hg cung la eon ngudi, cung la ngudi Viet Nam, ciing chiu chung hau qua ciia cudc chien xam lupe dd man md ke thii dd gdy ra ddi vdi dan tdc ta. "Ddi vdd nhimg nan nhdn cua ehl do xa hpi cii, nhu trdm cdp, gdi diem, cd bac, budn lau,v.v.., thi Nha nude phai dimg vira gido due, vira dimg phdp luat de eai tao bo, giiip bp ttd nin nhiing ngudi lao ddng luong thien"'^". Day vira la dgo ly, vira la triit ly song, triit ly nhdn vdn phdt trien eua Hd Chi Minh. Bdi le, muc tieu cudi cungciiaHd Chu tieh, cuaDangva Nhd nude ta giai phdng eon ngudi Viet Nam khdi mgi sy tha hda ban ti'nh ty nhiln cua con ngudd; khdi dch nd 11, dp biic thuc dan de qudc; khdi ddi ngheo, lac hdu, mu chii, benh tdt; khdi chu nghia cd nhan vd khdi hau qua ndng nl ciia chiln ttanh.
Nghia la sau chien ttanh, Dang, Chinh phu phai quan tdm din radi sd phan timg con ngudi, mdi ddi tugng timg con ngudi. Ddy vira la trdch
LYLUAN CHINH TRj-So 5/2020
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KY NIEM 130 NAM N G A Y SINH C O A CHU TICH HU (.ni m i n nnhiem vira la dgo ly, nghia vu va yeu cdu ciia triit ly nhdn van phat tiien Hd Chi Minh.
Thu nim, xiy dung con ngudi Viet Nam phit trien toin didn dicon ngudi cd the tu giii phdng minh. Hd Chi Minh thdu hieu sdu sdc rdng, de gidi phdng triet de con ngudi thi cdn phai chu ddng, tich eye xdy dung con ngudi mdi Vilt Nam phat triln toan diln. Bdi le, gidi phdng con ngudi de con ngudd tu phdt trien du ndng luc ty gidi phdng chinh minh chir khdng phai giai phdng con ngudi vi mue dich gidi phdng. Con ngudd mdi dii siic giai phdng minh, theo Hd Chi Minh khdng ty nhiln ma cd duge, md Id kit qua cua qua trinh chil dgng, tich cue, ty gidc hpc tap. ren luyen, m dudng suot ddi eua mdi ngudi cdng nhu su giup dd, hau thudn, vun ttdng ciia tap the, gia dinh, xd hOi, Td qudc vd nhan loai. Con ngudi mdi Id con ngudi phdt trien todn diln cd diic - tri - the - my, nhung ve pham chat cd the diln dat tyu chung lai la dtic vd tdi. Con ngirdi mdi ma chiing ta xdy dung d l cd t h i tiln toi tu giai phdng ehinh rainh, theo Ho Chi Minh, ngoai siic khde thi chdt phai cd ca diic, ed ca tai. Trong dd due phai la gdc nhung tdi la quan ttpng. Cd diic va tai diu quan ttgng ehiing ta khong dugc coi nhe mat nao. Bdi le, cd diic ma khdng cd tai thi, theo Hd Chi Minh, ciing chdng khae ^ dng but ttong chiia, khdng hai ai nhung cung khdng giup dupe gi cho ai tten thuc te. Cd tai raa khdng ed diic thi hdng, diic phai cd trude tai'^'. Nghia la coi ttong ca diic, ca tai nhung Hd Chi Mmh van ddt diic len trudc tai. Quan dilm xdy dung con ngudi mdi Viet Nara phdt trien toan dien cua Hd Chi Minh gdn bd chat che vdi tu tudng cua Ngudi ve "\^ lgi ich mudi nam thi phdi ttdng cay.
vi lpi ich ttam ndm thi phai ttdng ngudd"'^', "boi dudng t h i h i cdeh mang cho ddi sau".
Cd the ndi sgi chi do xuyen sudt ttong triet ly nhan vdn phdt trien Hd Chi Mmh Id con ngudd
Viet Nam vd giai phdng con ngudi Viet Nam. Xuat phdt tii sy cam thdng, ylu thirong con ngudi nhu ylu thuong ehinh ban thdn minh eiia Hd Chi Minh md Ngudi dd hinh thanh n i n tiiet ly nhan van phdt triln - mdt gid tii tiaidng tdn eua ddn tdc vd nhan loai. Triit ly nhdn vdn phdt tiiln nay xuat phdt tii eon ngudi, ldy muc dich giai phdng con ngudi lam dilm tiia, lay chinh con ngudi lam dpng luc va cung ehinh eon ngudd la luc lugng thyc hiln sy gidi phdng con ngudi. Mudn vay phai xdy dung con ngudd phdt triln toan diln n
(1) DCSVN; Van kien Dai hdi dai biiu toan qudc lan thuIX, Nxb Chinh tii qudc gia, HdNdi, 2001, tt.83-84.
(2), (12), (18). (19). (20). (21) Hd Chi Minh: Toan tip, t.l2, Nxb Chinh tii qudc gia, Hd Npi, 1996, tt.512, 511,503,503,503-504,504.
(3) Xem them: Trdn van Phong: Vi triit lypbat triin Hd CbiMinh, Tap chi Khoa hoc chinh tri, sd 5-2008. Tir dien tiing Viet, Nxb Da Ndng.
Trung tdm tir diln hgc, Hd Npi - Da Ndng, 1995, tr.lOOO. Xem Pham Xuan Nam (chu bign): Triit Iy vi mdi quan he giua cii kinh ti va cii xa hdi trong phit triin, Nxb Khoa hoc xd hoi, Hd Npi, 2001,tt.l6-17.
(4), (15) Hd Chi Minh: Toin tap, t.5, Nxb Chinh tii qudcgia,HaNdi, 1995, tt.644,224.
(5), (6), (11) H6 Chi Minh: Sdd, t.4. tt.56,152,227.
(7)Xem:H6ngHa;77idit/iaxihnienc[}aBacHd,Nxb Thanh Nien, Ha Npi. 2000, tt.ll.
(8), (10) Ho Chi Minh: Sdd. t.7, tt.323,572.
(9) Ho Chi Minh: Sdd, t.lO, tt.312.
(13) HI Chi Minh: Toan tip, t.8, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia, HaNdi, 1995, tt. 216.
(14), (16), (22). (23) H6 Chi Minh: Sdd, t.9, tt.291, 488.492, 222.
(17) H6 Chi Minh: Sdd, t.8, tt.276.
LYLUAN CHlNHTR!-So 5/2020