KHOA HOC C d N G NGHE
DAIMH GIA HIEU QUA PHOIXIG TRI CUA MOT SO HOAT CHAT KHAIVG 5IIMH V A HOA HOC DOI V O I V I KHUAIV Ralstania salmnacearum GAY BEIMH HEO XAIVH TREIV
CAY HOA c u e {Chrysanthemum sp.)
H u ^ Ngoc Tam^- ^ lA Uydn Thanh^Tr^ Thanh Tiing^, Lmi T h ^ Danh^ Nguyfen Thi Thu Nga*
T6MTAT
Hieu qua phong tn ciia 14 boat chat khang smh va hoa hoc ddi voi benh heo xanh do vi khuan R solanacearum tren cay hoa cue {Chrysanthemum sp.) duoc danh gia trong didu kien phong thi nghiem benh cay va nha luoi thuoc Bo mon Bao ve thuc vat, Klioa Nong nghiep va Sinh hoc ling dung, Truong Dai hoc Can Tha. Hieu qua cua 14 boat chat hoa hoc dupe ghi nhan a cac thoi diem 24, 48 va 72 gio trong dieu kien phong thi nghiem, trong do, ba nghiem thiic: streptomycin + oxytetracyline, oxytelracyhne hydrochlonde+ gentanucin sulphatevk oxolmicacid6.\X<K ghi nhan co tac dung ddi khang cao voi vi khuan Ralstonia solanacearum gay benh heo xanh tren cay hoa ciic. Ba bo boat chat khang sinh va hoa hpc nay nep tuc dupe sif dung a thi nghiem danh gia hieu qua cua viec kiem soat benh heo xanh do vi khuan Ralstonia solanacearum^3.y ra tren hoa cue trong dieu kien nha luoi. (3 cac thtri diem: 6,10,14,18, 22 va 26 ngay sau khi lay benh, tat ca cac nghiem thiic co ap dung boat chat deu co tac dung giam benh heo xanh do vi khuan. Nghiem thiic xu ly streptomycin + oxytetracyline va oxytetracycline hydrochloride + gentamicm sulphate cho hieu qua cao hon so voi nghiem thuc xii ly oxolinic acid. Do do, hai bo boat chat khang sinh va hoa hoc nay c6 the duoc sir dung de phong trir benh heo xanh vi khuan hai cay hoa ciic a dieu kien ngoai dong.
Tir kh6a: Cay hoa cue, oxytetracylme, ralstonia solanacearum, streptomycin.
1.MUDAU
Benh heo xanh do vi khuSn Ralstonia solanacearum gay ra tren cay hoa ciic {Chrysanthemum sp.) la loai benh gay thiet hai rat Ion vd kinh te cho nguoi nong dan a eac tinh dong bang song Ciru Long CDBSCL), vi mam benh co phd ki chu rat rong, luu tdn lau trong dat do do benh rat kho tri triet de [6].
Hien nay, tren thi truong chua eo thudc bao ve thuc vat (BVTV) dac tri vi khuan Ralstonia solanacearum gay benh heo xanh tren cay hoa cue [6]. Cac loai thudc BVTV dac tii vi khuan ti-en tiii truong ehi lam giam tac hai cua benh d mot miic do nao do. Sd lupng cac loai thudc BVTV tir 77 loai boat
' NCS Vien NC & PT Cong nghe sinh hpc, Truong Dai hpc can Tha
^ Tnicmg THPT Tram Chim, huyen Tam Nong, tinh D6ng Thap
^Truong Dai hoc D6ng Thap
•* Khoa Nong nghiep va Sinh hoc ling dung, Tmdng Dai hpc can Tho
chat dupe cho phep sic dung nam 1991, den nam 2010 CO 437 tiiudc tiir sau, 304 thudc diet nam va 160 thudc diet co dupe cho phep sir dung [2]. Do do viec nghien ciru chpn ra boat chat hieu qua de kidm soat vi khuan Ralstonia solanacearum gay benh heo xanh ti6n cay hoa eiic la rat can thiet, nham han che su dung cac loai thudc BVTV tran Ian, gop phan giam 6 nhi&m moi truong va mang lai hieu qua kinh te cao.
Nghien ciiu nay nham danh gia hieu qua phong tn cua mot sd boat chat hoa hpc cho viec quan ly bdnh heo xanh tren cay hoa cue, gop phan phuc vu su phat tiidn nganh hang hoa va cay kidng tai vung DBSCL noi rieng va ca nude noi chung.
2. VAT UEU VA PHUUIK PHAP NGHIBU CUU 2.LV|tli$u
Gidng cay hoa cue dupe su dung trong thi nghiem la ciic Tiger. Day la gidng cue eo gia tri kmh te cao va duoc nguoi dan sii dung rpng rai tai eae tinh DBSCL.
Gia the trdng cay hoa ciie gdm phan huu co, xa dira va dat theo ti 1^ 1:1:1 dupe khu tiet triing.
KHOA HOC C 6 N G NGHE
Ngudn vi khuan gay benh la dong vi khuan DT-9 eo kha nang gay hai cao nhat duoc phan lap tai Dong Thap thuoc bp vi khuan Ralstonia solanacearum dupe phan lap tir cac tinh DBSCL va Lam Ddng.
cac boat chat su dung dupe thd hi6n 6 bang 1.
2.2. Phuang ph^p
Thoi gian va dia diem nghi6n ciru: tir thang 05/2016 den thang 11/2017 tai Khoa Nong nghiep va Sinh hpc ling dung, Truong Dai hpc Can Tha.
Phuong phap phan lap vi khuan: vi khuan R solanacearum gay benh heo xanh duoe phan lap theo Mehan and McDonald D. [5] va Burgess etal. [3],
2.2.1. Danh gia hiSu qua phong tri cua mot sd hoat chat hoa hoc ddi vol benh heo xanh do vi khuan R. solanacearum tren cay hoa cue (Chrysanthemum sp.) d diSu kien phong thi nghiem
Mue dich: tim ra mot sd hoat chat hoa hpc co hieu qua trong phong ti-ir vi khuan R. solanacearum gay benh heo xanh tren cay hoa cue, phuc vu eho eae nghien ciiu tiep theo o nha luoi va ngoai ddng.
Bd tri thi nghiem: thi nghiem dupe hd tri hoan toan ng^u nhien mot nhan td voi 14 nghiem thiie co hoat chat hoa hpc va 4 Ian lap lai.
Bang 1. Udu lupng cac ho^t chat hoa hpc dimg trong 1hinghi€m
Nghiem thuc
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Hoat chat hoa hoc
Saisentong Kasugamycin
Quaternary anunonium salts Oxobnic acid
Oxytetracycline Hydrochloride + Gentamicin Sulphate Copper oxychjoride Streptomicin sullate Bismerthiazol Bronopol Cuprous oxide
Streptomycin + Oxytetracyline Copper hydroxide Cancium oxide Cupric sulfate Cancium oxide
Lit^u luang/50 mLnuoc 0,04 mL 0,125 mL 0,05 mL 0,0625 g 0,078 g 0,0625 g 0,03125 g
0,125 g 0,075 g 0,05 g 0,05 g 0,078 g 3mL 3 mL Cach thiic tien hanh:
Chu£n hi ngudn vi khuin: K h u ^ lac ciia dong vi khufo gay hai dat 48 gia nuoi tren moi truong King's B, dupe pha voi nuoe c^t thanh triing thanh huyen phu vi khuan (OD6oon™=0,3).
Chuan bi mot sd boat ehzit hoa hpc: Cac hoat ch^t hoa hoe dupe pha vai nuoe cat thanh trimg trong dng Falcon 50 mL nhu nong dp khuyen cao d bang 2.
Cach thuc hien:
Dat cac khoanh giay tham (duong kinh d=5 mm) trong 15 phut cho hoat chat thdm vao giay.
Riit 100 pi huyen phii vi khuan R solanacearum OD = 0,3 cho vao ifi^a petri chira 10 mL moi truong King's B 0,8% agar v6 tning giii nhiet a SO^C, lac nhe, de kho; dat 1 ^ luot cae khoanh gi^y th^m da ngam trong cae boat chat boa hpc dac vao dia petri; giu dia petri 6 nhidt dp phong va ghi nhan chi tieu.
Chi tieu ghi nhan: do ban kinh vong v6 khuan a cae thoi didm: 24 gia, 48 gxb va 72 gia.
Phuong phap xu ly thdng ke: su dung phan mdm Microsoft Excel 2010 de xii ly sd Heu va phan tich thdng kg bang phan mem Mstat-C de so sanh su khac biet giiia eac nghidm thifc bang phuong phap kidm dinh Duncan a miic y nghia 1%.
2.2.2. Danh gia kha nang phong tri b$nh heo xanh do vi khuan R. solanacearum trdn cay hoa ciic (Chrysanthemum sp.^ ciia 3 bp hoat chat hoa hpc trong dieu kien nha luoi
Mue dich: chpn ra bp hoat chat hoa hoe va thai didm xir ly hieu qua nhat trong viec quan ly benh heo xanh tren hoa ciic do vi khuan R solanacearum gay ra.
Bd tri thi nghiem: thi nghiem duoe bd tri hoan toan ngau nhien vai 3 bo hoat chat hoa hoe dupe tuyen ehon trong phong thi nghiem la bp hoat chat hoa hoe 1 {Oxoknic acid}, bp hoat chat 2 {Oxytetracycline Hydrochloride + Gentamicin Sulphatd) va bp boat chat 3 {Streptomycin + Oxytetracylind}, voi 11 nghiem thiie (NT) va 4 Ian lap lai. Cu the:
- NT 1: khong lay benh nhan tao.
- NT2: chi lay benh nhan tao.
- NTS: xii ly bp hoat chat hoa hpc 1 phun 1 ngay truoekhilaybfenh.
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
- NT4: xu ly bp hoat chat hoa hpc 1 phun 5 ngay saukhi lay benh.
- NT5: xir ly bp hoat ch^t h6a hpc 1 phun kdt hop trude 1 ngay va 5 ngay saukhi lay benh.
- NT6: xu ly bp hoat chat hoa hpc 2 phun 1 ngay truoe khi lay b6nh.
- NT7: xii ly bo hoat chat hoa hpe 2 phun 5 ngay saukhi lay benh.
- NT8: xu ly bp hoat chat boa hpc 2 phun ket hop truoe 1 ngay va, 5 ngay saukhi lay benh.
- NT9: xu ly bp hoat chat h6a hpc 3 phun 1 ngay truoe khi lay benh.
- NTIO: xir ly bp boat chat hoa hpc 3 phun 5 ngay saukhi lay bdnh.
- NTH: xu ly bp boat chat hoa hpc 3 phun ket hop truoe 1 ngay va 5 ngay sau khi lay benh.
Cach thiic tiSh hanh:
- Chuan hi cay con: thanh tning gia the, cho vao ehau ni long (duong kinh 20 cm), tudi am va trdng cay gidng (10 eay/chau), sau khi trdng 20 ngay thi bat dau bd tri thi nghiem.
- Chuan hi ngudn vi khuan: thuc hifin gidng thi nghiem 2.2.1.
- Chuan hi cac boat chat hoa hpe: 3 bp boat chat boa hoc duoe tuydn chon trong phong thi nghifim la (1) Oxolinic acid, (2) Oxytetracycline Hydrochloride I- Gentamicin Sulphate, (3) Streptomycin + Oxytetracyline duoe pha trong nuoe c^t v6 trimg theo khuyen eao.
- Phuang phap lay benh nhan tao: tien hanh lay benh nhan tao a thdi didm 20 ngay sau khi trdng bang each tuoi huyen phii vi khuan (ODeoonm^ 0.3) da dupe chuan bi vao dat xung quanh gde cay (5 mL/cay) theo cae nghiem thirc.
Chi tieu ghi nhan: Theo doi va quan sat trieu chiing benh hang ngay. Khi tneu ehiing benh xuat hidn thi tien hanh ghi nhan ty le b&nh va cap dp b^nh each 4 ngay mot Ian, ket thiie khi ti le benh dat 65%.
Tyle benh (TLB) duoc tinh nhu sau:
S6 cay bi benh
TLB (%) -- X 100
Tong so cay quan sat
Cap benh: dupe danh gia theo tiiang danh gia cua Ateka etal. [1] gdm 5 cap (Cap 0: khong benh;
cap 1: CO 1 la heo; cap 2: co 2 la heo; cap 3: tat ca la deu heo trir 2 la tren dinh; cap 4: tat ca cae la ddu heo; cap 5: cay ehet).
Khu vire duoi duong cong tien trien benh (Area Under the Disease Progress Curve - AUDPC) dupe tinh theo c6ng thiie eua Jeger and Viljanen-Rollinson [4].
AUDPC = ^ [ ( K , + i •¥ Yd -f 2] X (t,^i - g Trong do:
i: Ian theo doi benh thii i; n: tdng sd Ian theo doi benh;
Y: ty le benh (%); t: sd ngay danh gia benh (ngay).
Phuong phap xii ly thdng ke: Sir dung phan mdm Microsoft Excel 2010 de xic ly sd Heu va phan tich thdng ke bang phan mem Mstat-C de so sanh sir khac biet giira cac nghien thue bang phuong phap kiem dinh Duncan d mue y nghia 5%.
S. KET QUA NGHIBU CUU VA THAO LUAN
3.1. D ^ h gi^ hi$u liic lie chd ciia mOt sd hoat ch^t khang sinh vk hda hpe ddi vai vi khuan R.
solanacearum gSy b^nh h^o xanh tr6n cay hoa eiic {Chrysanthemum sp.) a di^u ki$n phong thi nghiem
Hifeu qua ddi khang ciia 14 boat chat khang sinh va hoa hpc ddi voi vi khuan Ralstonia solanacearum dupe the hien qua sd lieu ban kinh vong v6 khuan va ghi nhan a 3 thai didm 24 gia, 48 gia, 72 gia. Hau het hoat chat tren deu co tac dong ddn vi khuan nhung a cac miic dp khac nhau, rieng nhimg hoat ch^t nhir.
Saisentong, Kasugamycin, Bismerthiazol, Cancium oxide kh6ng tao ra su anh huong ddi voi vi khufc R.
solanacearum. Cac boat chat nhu Streptomycin + Oxytetracyline, OxytetracyUne hydrochloride + Gentamicin sulphate wa Oxolinic acidcd hidu qua lie che tdt len su gia tang mat sd eiia vi khuan R.
solanacearum.
Qua ghi nhan, cac hoat chat cd hieu qua ddi khang tdt ddi voi vi khuan R. solanacearum thd hien cao nhat o thai diem 24 gia va giam ddn theo thdi gian. Tuy nhien, nghidm thiie Oxoknic acid lai dat hieu qua tang dan. Do do, kha nang keo dai hieu lire eua Oxoknic acid co the tdt hon so voi Oxytetracycline hydrochloride + Gentamicin sulphate va Streptomycin + Oxytetracyline (Bang 2).
KHOA HOC C 6 N 6 NGHt
Bang 2. B ^ kinh vong v6 k h u ^ a C3C th6i di^m 24 Ei6,4Rpihvit79. fnh Hoat chat
Saisentong Kasugamycin
Quaternary ammonium salts Oxolinic acid
Oxytetracychne hydrochloride + Gentamicin sulphate Copper oxychloride
Streptomicin sul&te Bismerthiazol Bronopol Cuprous oxide
Streptomycin + Oxytetracylme Copper hydroxide Cancium oxide Cupric sulfate Cancium oxide
Miic y nghia
Coefficient of Variation (%)
Ban kinh vons v6 khuan fcm) 24 gio
0,000 e 0,000 e 0,005 e 0,500 c 0,563 b 0,100 d 0,015 e 0,000 e 0,050 e 0,030 e 0,615a 0,050 e 0,100 d 0,000 e
..
10,53
48 gia 0,000 f 0,025 ef 0,035 ef 0,525ab 0,488 b 0,163 c 0,033 ef 0,000 f 0,063 de 0,030 ef 0,563a 0,045 ef 0,100 d 0,000 f
.»
22,11
72 gio 0,000 f 0,000 f 0,040 ef 0,538a 0,463 b 0,163 c 0,033 ef 0,000 f 0,063 de 0,030 ef 0,563a 0,040 ef 0,100 d 0,000 f
**
18,99 Chii thich: Trong cimg mot cot, nhimg sd trung binh nghiem thiic duoc theo sau bdi mot hoac nhiing chu gidng nhau thi khong khac biet co y nghia amiic thdng ke theo phep thu Duncan. Miic y nghia 1% (**). So heu % dupe chuyen sang-^(x) hoac arcsiwi(x) truoc khi phan tich thdng ke, vdixla ban kinh vong vo khuan.
O thoi diem 24 gid', kdt qua ghi nhan nghiem thiic CO ban kinh vong vo khuan cao nhat la Streptomycin + Oxytetracykne voi 0,615 cm, ke den la nghiem thuc Oxytetracychne hydrochloride + Gentamicm sulphate vai 0,563 cm va nghiem thiic Oxolinic acid ciing dat ban kinh vong vo khuan la 0,500 cm. Ba nghiem thiie nay co su khac bidt y nghia thdng ke vol nhau va khac biet so vai cac nghiem thiie khac.
Den thai diem 48 gio, ban kinh vong vo khuan ciia nghiem thiic Streptomycin + OxytetracyUne va Oxytetracycline hydrochloride + Gentamicm sulphate eo dau hieu giam voi Ian luot 0,563 em va 0,488 em, nhung ban kinh vong vo khuan cua nghiem thiic Streptomycin + OxytetracyUne van dat gia tri cao nhat (Hinh 1). Nghiem thiic Oxolinic acid eo hieu qua tang va da vupt qua nghiem thiie Oxytetracycline hydrochloride + Gentamicin sulphate de dimg vi tri thii hai vai ban kinh vong vo khuan la 0,525 cm. Cac nghiem thuc cung c6 su khac hiet y nghia thdng ke.
Hinh 1. Ban kinh v6ng v6 khuan thdi di^m 48 gidf ciia m6t sd hoat ch^t
(A) Streptomycin + Oxytetracyline; 0) Cuprous oxide; (C) Copper oxychloride; (D) Copper hydroxide;(E) Bronopol; (F) Oxytetracycline hydrochloride + Gentamicin sulphate; (G) Oxolinic acid; (H) Cancium oxide.
Thoi diem 72 gio, nghiem thirc xu ly Oxolinic acid van tiep tuc co ban kinh vong vo khuan tang (0,538 cm). Tuy nhien, khong co sukhac biety nghia thdng ke voi nghiem thirc Streptomycin + Oxytetracyline (0,563 em). Nghiem tiuic Oxytetracychne hydrochloride + Gentamicin
KHOA HOC C O N G NGHE
sulphate tuy giam (0,463 cm) nhung vln the hien hi6u qua ddi khang cao hon nhieu so voi eae nghiem thiic eon lai va diing o vi tri tiep theo, va c6 su khac biet y nghia thdng ke voi cac nghiem thirc con lai.
3.2. D^nh gia k h i nang phong tri b^nh heo xanh do vi khudn R solanacearum trfin cSy hoa ciic {Chrysanthemiun spp.) cua 3 bp hoat ch^t k h ^ sinh vk hoa hpc trong di^u ki^n n h i ludi
Kdt qua ghi nhan thai diem xu ly hoat chat khang sinh va hoa hoc ddi voi bfenh heo xanh tren cay hoa ciie do vi khu&i Ralstonia solanacearum gay ra dupe the hien qua phan tiam ty le benh va khu vuc ben duai dudng cong tien tridn bdnh. Nhin ehung, cac nghiem thiic co xu ly boat chat o' cac thoi didm truoe, sau va phun truoc sau khi ehiing benh deu c6 hieu qua giam benh eo khac biet y nghia thdng ke so voi ddi chiing.
Kdt qua bang 3 cho thay benh hat dau xuEit hien d' thoi diem 6 ngay sau khi chung benh (NSKCB) o nghiem thiic ddi chimg va cac nghiem thiic xir ly hoat chat co su khac biet y nghia thdng ke. O cac nghiem thice xu ly Streptomycin + Oxytetracyline va Oxytetracycline hydrochloride + Gentamicin sulphate benh ehi xuat hien a nghiem thiie xu ly sau khi chung benh, neng nghiem thiie Oxolinic acidca nghiem thiic xii ly truoe va xu ly sau benh ddu da xuat hien.
Trung binh ty Id benh ciia nghiem thiie ddi chiing cao hon va khac biet y nghia thdng ke so voi cac nghiem thiie co xii ly boat chat. Giiia cae tiiai didm xir ly thi xii ly boat chat khang sinh va hoa hpc d' thdi diem truoc, tiiioe sau co tmng binh ty le benh tuong duong nhau va thap ban so voi xu ly sau (Bang 3).
Bang 3. Ty \t (%) b6nh a thdi Mm 6 NSKCB Hoat chat hoa hoc
Oxolinic acid
Streptomycin + Oxytetracyline
Oxytetracychne hydrochloride + Gentanucin sulphate DC
TB(B) Miic y nghia CV(%)
Thai diem xii ly hoat chat Truoc
2,5 b 0,0 b 0,0 b 15,0 a 4,4 B
Sau 12,5 a 12,5 a 15,0 a 15,0 a 13,8 A
Truoc + sau 0,0 b 0,0 b _^
0,0 b 15,0 a 3,8 B
TB(A) 5,0 B 4,2 B 5,0 B 15,0 A F(A)*,F(B)*,F(AxB)*
44,52
Chu thich: Trong ciing mot cot. nhung so trung binh nghi$m thuc dupe theo sau bdi mot hoac nhimg chtr gidng nhau thi khong khac biet co y nghia dmuc thdng ke theo phep thu Duncan. Mue y nghia 5% (*). SdU$u
% dupe chuyen sang V (x) hoac arcsimf (x) truoc khi phan tich thdng k^, vol x la ty le benh.
Bang 4. Ty le (%) bfenh a tfadi digm 10 NSKCB Thuoc hoa hpc
Oxolinic acid
Streptomycin + Oxytetracyline
Oxytetracycline hydrochloride + Gentamicin sulphate DC
TB(B) iVIirc y nghia CV(%)
Thai diem xu ly hoat chat Truoc
5,0 5,0 2,5 22,5 8,8 B
Sau 15,0 12,5 15,0 22,5 16,3 A
Trudc + sau 5,0 0,0 0,0 22,5 6,9 B
TB(A) 8,3 B 5,8 B 5,8 B 22,5 A F(A)*,F(B)*,F(AxB)"
63,02
Chu thich: Trong ciing mot cot, nhung sd trung binh nghiem thiic duov theo sau bdi mot hoac nhiing chQ gidng nhau thi khong khac biet co y nghia amiic thdng ke theo phep thu Duncan. Miic y nghia 5% (*), khong khac bi$ty nghia {ns): Sd Ueu % dupe chuyen sang \1 (x) hoac arcsinJ (x) trudc klii phan tich thdng ke, vdixla tyle benh.
KHOA HOC C O N G NGHfi
Tai thai diem 10 NSKCB (Bang 4), ty le benh tang nhe so voi thai didm 6 NSKCB ghi nhan benh da xuat hien o nghiem thirc OxoUnic acid co xir ly trude + sau va nghiem thire eo xir ly truoe o nghiem thiie Streptomycin + Oxytetracyline va Oxytetracycline hydrochloride + Gentamicin sulphate. Tuy nhien, trung binh ty le bdnh 6 eac nghiem thiic co xir ly hoat chat khong khac biet y nghia thdng ke voi nhau va thap ban, khac biet so voi ddi ehimg. Xir ly hoat chat a thai didm truoe va truoc + sau CO trung binh ty le benh van tuong duong nhau va thap ban so vai xu ly sau.
Den tiioi diem 14-18-22 NSKCB, tat ca eae nghifem thirc deu da xuat hien benh, nfeng ddi chiing cd ty le benh cao nhat va co khac biet y nghia thdng ke so voi cac nghiem thirc co xtr ly boat chat hoa hpc, chua CO su khac biet y nghia thdng ke giiia cac nghiem thirc xir ly hoat chat khang sinh va hoa hpe.
Den tiioi didm 26 NSKCB (Bang 5), nghidm thirc ddi chiing tidp tuc cd ty le benh cao nhat va khac biet y nghia thdng ke so voi eae nghiem Ihiic eo xu ly boat chat, nhung giira cac nghiem thirc xu ly boat chat da co sir khac biet voi nhau, trong do eac nghidm thiic ^ ly hoat chat OxoUnic acid the hien hieu qua giam benh thap han khi co trung bmh ty le benh la 21,7% so voi 13,3% ciia nghiem thiic xir ly boat chat Streptomycin + Oxytetracyline wk 14,2% cua nghiem thirc xir ly Oxytetracycline hydrochloride + Gentamicm sulphate. Nhin chung, ba bp boat chat nay deu cd kha nang phong trir bdnh heo xanh tien hoa cue dat hieu qua cao, trong dd Stieptomycin + Oxytetracylme va Oxytetracycline hydrochloride + Gentamicm sulphate da the hien hieu qua tdt hon so vai Oxolinic acid trong viec phong trir bdnh heo xanh tren cay hoa ciic.
B4ng 5. T^ le « benh 6 thdi iiim 26 NSKCB Thuoc hoa hoc
Oxolinic acid
Streptomycin + Oxytetracyline Oxytetracycline hydrochloride + Gentamicin sulphate DC
TB(B) Miic y nghia CV(%)
Thai diem xii ly hoat ch^t Truoc
17,5 12,5 7,5 65,0 25,6 B
Sau 32,5 20,0 30,0 65,0 35,6 A
Truoc + sau 15,0 7,5 5,0 65,0 23,1 B
TB(A) 21,7 B 13,3 C 14,2 C 65,0 A F(A)»,F(B)*,F(AxB)"
28,94
Cha thich: Trong ciing mot cot, nhiing sd trung bmh nghiem thiic dmc theo sau bdi mot hoac nhung chd gidng nhau thi khong khac biet co y nghia amiic thdng ke theo phep thii Duncan. Miic y nghia 5% (*), khong khac biety nghia {ns):SdUSu %dupc chuyen sangyJ(x) hoac arcsin^ (x) trudc khi phan tich thdng ke, vdixla tylS benh.
Ket qua d- bang 5 cho thay, d' cac thoi diem xu ly hoat chat, xir ly truoe (25,6%) va truoe + sau (23,1%) cd ty Id benh thap ban va khac biet y nghia thdng ke so vai xir ly sau (35,6%). Nhin ehung, ddi voi benh heo xanh, khi sic dung hoat chat khang smh va boa
Bang 6. Khu vuc b&n dudd du6ng cong tidn fa-i^n bgnh (AUDPC)
hoe, vide phong benh co the dat hieu qua tdt hon la tri benh. Bdi benh eo kha nang xam nhap va dinh vi ben trong maeh dan cua cay nen ban che hieu qua ciia boat chat khang sinh va hoa hpc ddi vai vifec tri benh.
Thudc hoa hoc OxoUnic acid
Streptomycin + Oxytetracyline Oxytetracycline hydrochloride
Thai diem xu ly hoat chat Truoc
210,0 165,0 95,0
Sau 410,0 315,0 420,0
Truoc + Sau 190,0 55,0 60,0
TB(A) 270,0 B 178,3 B 191,7 B
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE + Gentamicin sulphate
DC TB(B) Mue y nghia CV(%)
770,0 310,0 B
770,0 478,8 A
770,0 268,8 B
770,0 A F(A)*,F(B)*, F(AxB)»
34,53
Chii thich: Trong cimg mot cot, nhung sd trung binh nghiem thiic dupe theo sau bdi mot hoac nhiing chd gidng nhau thi khdng khac biet co y nghia dmiic thdng ke theo phep thd Duncan. Mue y nghia 5% (*), khong khac biety nghia {ns): Sdk$u % dupe chuyin sang i/ (x) hoac arcsimi (x) trudc khi phan tich thdng ke, vdix la tyle bdnh.
Vd chi sd khu vuc duoi duong cong tien trien bdnh (Bang 6) ghi nhan nghidm thiic ddi chiing la Ian nhat (770,0) va khac biet y nghia thdng ke so voi nghiem thite co xir ly hoat eh^t khang sinh va hoa hpc. Giua eac nghiem thiic xu ly boat chat thi nghiem thiic xu ly Streptomycui + Oxytetracyline la thap nhat (178,3), kd ddn la Oxytetracychne hydrochloride + Gentamicin sulphate (191,7) va eao nhat la nghidm thiie Oxoknic acid (270,0), tuy nhidn khong cd su khae bi^t y nghia voi nhau.
Kdt qua a bang 6 cho thay, ddi vai eae thdi diem xir ly hoat chat, thi xir ly truoe (310,0) va truoe sau (268,8) CO chi sd khu vuc ben duoi duong eong tidn trien benh (AUDPC) tuong duong nhau nhung deu thap hon so voi xu ly sau (478,8).
Nhin chung, qua cae kdt qua ty le benh va ehi sd khu vuc ben duoi duong cong tien trien benh cho thay, ha bp hoat chat khang sinh va boa hoc dupe su dung ddu co hidu qua giam bdnh heo xanh do vi khuan Ralstonia solanacearum so vai ddi chiing khong xu ly. Rifing boat chat Streptomycui /•
Oxytetracyline va Oxytetracycline hydrochloride + Gentamicin sulphate co hieu qua giam benh eao hon so voi boat chat Oxoknic acid trong viec phong tru benh heo xanh tr^n cay hoa eiie. Ben canh do, thdi diem xir ly ciing anh huong den hieu qua giam benh, hoat chat dupe xii ly trude khi chiing benh 1 ngay hay ca thoi diem trude 1 ngay cimg voi sau khi ehimg benh 5 ngay mang lai hidu qua giam benh tuong duong nhau va eao hon so voi ehi xu ly sau khi chung benh 5 ngay.
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Hinh 2. Hi^u qua giam b^nh cua nghidm ttnic c6 siir dung hoat ch^t hda hpc trong didu kifin nhi ludi (A) Khong lay benh nhan tao; (B) Chi lay bdnh nhan tao; (C) Xu ly bp boat chat boa hpc 3 {Streptomycui + Oxytetracykne) phun ket hpp truoc va sau khi lay bdnh.
4.KETLU9N
Trong dieu kien phong thi nghiem, ba bo boat chat Stieptomycin + Oxytetiacyline, Oxytetiacyline hydrochloride-^ Gentamicin sulphatevk axit Oxolinic ed tac dung ddi khang cao vdi vi khuan Ralstonia solanacearum gay benh heo xanh tren cay hoa cue {Chrysanthemum sp.).
Trong dieu ki&n nha ludi, ba bp boat chat khang sinh va hoa hpc ddu co tac dung giam benh heo xanh do vi khuan Ralstonia solanacearum. Nghiem thiie xii ly Stieptomycin + Oxytetracyline vk
Oxytetiacycline hydrochloride + Gentamicin sulphate cho hifiu qua cao hon so vdi nghidm thiic xu ly axit oxoknic. Do do, hai bd boat chat nay ed the dupe sit dung nham tang hieu qua giam benh o' dieu kidn ngoai ddng.
Thdi diem xu ly cae boat chat cung anh huong den hidu qua giam bdnh, boat chat khang sinh va boa hpe dupe xu ly trudc khi chung benh 1 ngay hay ca thai diem trudc 1 ngay cung vdi sau khi chiing benh 5 ngay ddu dat hieu qua giam benh tuong
KHOA HOC CONG NGHl
duong nhau va cao hon so vm chi xu ly sau khi 4. Jeger, M. J., Viljanen-Rollinson, S. L. H., 2001.
chung benh 5 ngay. The use of the area under the disease-progress curve TAI UEU THAM KHAO (AUDPC) to assess quantitative disease resistance m 1. Atelca, E. M., Mwang'Ombe A. W. and ^™P ™ltivars. 7»e«/7fc^ W ^ p ; , A W & i , e * , 702, Kimenju J. W., 2001. Reaction of Potato Cultivars
to Ralstonia solanacearum in Kenya, ASican Crop 5. IVIehan, V. K and McDonald D., 1995.
Science Journal., Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 251-256. Techniques for diagnosis of Pseudomonas 2. Bo Nong nghiep va Phat trien nong thon, ''"'^"^f'^'". and for resistance screening against 2010. Danh mue thu& duoc cho phep, han che va f ^ d " " ' bacterial wilt Technical Report,
^s'™ ^- A • \r-^ XT ™ Tn,- ., ' r.- xr- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi- cam su dung o Viet Nam. Tnong tu eua Bp Nong A - j ^^ -
nghiep va Phat tnen ndng thon. Ha Noi. ' o 13 T -iJiT- 1^ • U4- T- I? -T- T J 6. Nguydn Thi Thu Cue va Tran Thi Thu Thuy, 3. Burgess, L. W., Kmght T. E., Tesonero L. and _ „ , , ^ . , , ", , • , , '' Phan T. H.. 2009. C&n nang eh^n doan benh eay o f ^^- ^ ' f ' ^f' ^^^ ^^^ ^^"S, cue, mai, van tho. NXB Viet Nam, ACIAR: Canben-a. ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^^ ^^ ^ ^ - ^^- ^^ ^ha.
ASSESSMENT OFTHE EFFECIIVENESS OF SOME ANTIBIOTIC AND CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS FOR CONTROLLING BACTERIAL WILT CAUSED BY Ralstonia solanacearum
ON Chrysanthemiun sp.
Huynh Ngoc Tam, Le Uyen Thanh.Tran Thanh Tung, Luu Thai Danh, Nguyen Thi Thu Nga Summaiy
The effectiveness of fourteen antibiotic and chemical compounds in controlling bacterial vrilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum on Chrysanthemum sp. in laboratory and net-house condiUons at the Plant Protection Deparment, College of Agricuture and Applied Biology, Can Tho University are investigated.
The effect of fourteen compounds were recorded at 24, 48 and 72 hours in laboratory condiUon, in which, three treatments applied with Streptomycin + Oxytetracyline, Oxytetracyline hydrochloride + Gentamicin sulphate and Oxolinic acid had high antagonistic effect on bactenal wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum on chrysanthemum. Therefore, these three sets of antibiotic and chemical compounds are used for assessing of the effectiveness in controlling bactenal wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum on chrysanthemum in net-house conditions. In this condition, the effect of three sets of antibiotic and chemical compounds were recorded at 6,10, 14,18, 22 and 26 days after moculaUon that all treatments apphed with compounds showed effect in reduchon of bactenal vrilt disease level. The treatment applied with Streptomycin + Oxytetracyline and Oxytetracycline hydrochloride + Gentamicm sulphate were more effective than treatment applied with Oxolinic acid. Therefore, these two sets of antibiotic and chemical compounds can be used for controUng bacterial wilt disease of Chrysanthemun flower in the field condition.
Ifeywords: Chrysanthemum, oxytetracyline, ralstonia solanacearum, streptomycin.
Ngudi phan bidn: GS.TS. Nguyen Van Tu^t Ngay nhan hai: 14/9/2018
Ngay thong qua phan bi^n: 16/10/2018 Ngay duyet dSng: 23/10/2018
