KHOA HOC CONG N G H £
D A I M H G I A MIJC O d THOAI HDA D A T TREIXI OfA BAI\I TilVH D A K L A K T H U O C VIJIXIB T A Y I V B U Y £ I V
Nguyen Quang HgcS Nguyen Ba LSm^, Nguydn Quang Huy^
T6MTAT
Nghien ciiu nay nham danh gia gia muc dd thoai hoa dat a i a tinh Ddk Lak thudc viing TSy Nguyen de phuc vu quan ly, sii dung tai nguyen dat ben vung. Ket qua nghien ciiu cho thay trong 1.213.760 ha dat cua tinh Dak Lak dupe danh gia thi mirc kho han nang co 35.937 ha, chi^m 2,96%; khO ban trung binh co 296.288 ha, chiem 24,41% va kho ban nhe cd 763.992 ha. chidm 62,94% dien tich di^u ti-a. B a t bi suy giam do phi n^mg co 150.285 ha, chiem 12,38%; tiimg binh cd 415.644 ha, chiem 34,24% va nhe co 352.443 ha, chidm 29,04% di?n tich didu ti-a. D^t bi kdt von nang co 6.133 ha, chidm 0,51%; kdt von tining binh co 3.486 ha, chiem 0,29%; kdt von nhe cd 2.522 ha, chiem 0,21% dien tich didu tra. Tong dien tich dat k h o n g bi thoai hda con 265.999 ha va CO 947.761 h a dat bi thoai boa, chiem 78,08% tong dien tich dieu tra, trong dd d mirc: thoai h d a nang co 106.994 ha. chiem 8,82%; tiioai hoa m m g binh co 319.789 ha, chiem 26,35% va thoai b o a n h e co 520.978 ha, chidm 42,92% di^n tich didu tra.
Tir khda: Thoai hda dat, tinh Dak iJk, suy giam do phi dat, datk^tvon, dat kho ban.
1.UATVANBE
T l i o a i h d a d^t la q u a t r i n h d a t h i s u y g i a m v e c h a t l u g n g , d a n d d n g i a m k h a n a n g s a n xu^t, n a n g s u a t e a y t r d n g , g i a m Igi n h u a n , t a n g e h i p h i d a u v a o eiia s a n x u a t n d n g n g h i e p , t u d o a n h h u d n g d d n d d i s d n g ciia n g u d i d a n ; k e m t h e o d d la s u p h a v d c a n b a n g h^ n h i e n tai c a c k h u h e s m h vat, r i m g t u n h i e n , r i m g t r d n g v a h e t h d n g cay t r d n g . N g u y e n n h a n g a y t h o a i h d a d ^ t k h a d a d a n g , s o n g n h i r n g n g u y e n n h a n p h d bidn n h a t b a o g d m bidn d d i k h i h a u , t a p q u a n c a n h t a e va q u a n ly d a t k e m . T r o n g d i e u kidn b i e n d d i k h i h a u n g a y c a n g didn r a p h i i c t a p , n a n g n d n g , h a n b a n , m u a l u k e o dai x a y r a trdn dia b a n c a n u d e v a d a c bidt la c a c t i n h T a y N g u y e n , d d i h o i c a c c d n g d d n g c a n q u a n t a m n h i e u h o n viec tim c a c giai p h a p n g a n c h a n q u a t r i n h t h o a i h d a daL
D a k l i k e d t d n g didn tich Ur n h i e n 1.303.050 h a . T r o n g d d . d i e n tich d a t n d n g n g h i d p 1.152.324 h a . d a t p h i n d n g n g h i e p ed 89.290 h a v a d a t c h u a sii d u n g c d n 61.435 h a , d a c bidt tinh la d i a p h u a n g ed d i e n tieh ca p h d Idn n h a t n u d e vdi 204.808 b a . T m h c d n g u d n tai n g u y d n d a t d a i p h o n g phii e h o p h a t t r i e n c a y c d n g n g h i e p , la thii phii c u a c a y c a p h d . C o c a u e a y t r d n g c d s u c h u y d n d d i m a n h m e , q u a h i n h d d thi h d a , c d n g n g h i e p h d a didn r a n h a n h , n h u c a u s u d u n g d a t c h o c a e n g a n h k i n h t e n g a y m d t t a n g , tai c o e a u n d n g n g h i d p d d i h o i s u d u n g d a t t h e o h u d n g
Hpc vien Nong nghiep Vicl Nam - Cdng ty Dau tu va Tu vdn Phirong BSc
h i e u q u a v a b d n v i i n g . C a e q u a t r i n h p h a t sinh v^
t h a y d d i tinh c h a t d a t d a d a n g v a p h i i c t a p , q u a trinh feraht, x d i m o n , r u a trdi, s a t Id, k h d b a n . . . ciing voi q u a h-inh c a n h t a c n d n g n g h i e p , t r o n g q u a trinh khai t h a c , q u a n ly v a s u d u n g d a t a c d d n g d e n tinh ch^t ly, h d a h p c d a t . N g h i e n eiiu n a y n h a m d a n h gia thirc h-ang t h o a i h d a d a t , x a e d i n h e a e loai h i n h , m u c dg t h o a i h o a d a t l a m c a s d c h o vide n g h i e n eiiu quan ly, s u d u n g tai n g u y e n d a t b e n v i i n g e u a tinh D a k l i k .
2. PHUONG PHAP NGHBV GUU
2.1. Phirong p h ^ didu tra, thu th^p thdng tin, tii lidu, sd li^u
Phirong phap didu tra thu thap cac sd lidu thii cap: Thu thap thdng tin, tai Udu, sd hdu, ban dd tai cae eo quan chuyen mdn cua dia phuong va eac BO, nganh d Trung uong. Phuong phap didu h-a tiieo tuydn va didu tra diem dupe ap dung trong didu tra xay dung cac ban dd chuyen dd: Ban dd loai sir dung dat ndng nghiep; ban dd do phi nhieu eua d a t ban do dat bi suy giam dp phi; ban dd dat hi khd han; ban dd dSt bi kdt von da ong hda, ban dd dat.
2.2. Phuong phap Uy mSu, bao quAn miu 2.2.1. Phuong phap lay mhi dat
Theo Tidu chuan Quoc gia TCVN 9487:2012 va Tieu chuan Vidt Nam TCVN 4046:1985 vd dat ti-dng hpE - Phuong phap lay mau do Bd Khoa hpc va Cdng nghd ban hanh. Ve phau didn chinh: Kich tiiudc 3 chidu cua phau didn can phai rpng > 70 cm, dai > 200 cm, sau > 125 cm ndu chua gap tang da cung ran.
KHOA HOC C O N G NGHfi
tdng mau chat hoac lap da ndn; hirdng bd mat quan ti-ac chinh cua ph&u didn phai ddi dien vdi hudng mat trdi neu dia hinh b^ng hoae doe nhe; hoae vd phia dinh doe ndu dia hinh ddc. Thuc hien lay mSu dat tang m&t ciia ph&u didn va lay tieu ban dat. Vd phau dien tham dd: Do sau tdi thidu khi khoan la 80 em ndu khdng gap tang ciing ran. Thue hidn My mSu dat tang m§t eua phSu dien. Cae miu dat duge My theo nguyen tac: dien hinh, phan anh dupe dae didm vimg dai dien va phu hpp vdi ydu eau nghidn cuu. Tranh lay miu d cac vi tri dac thii nhu nai do phan, voi hay nhung vi tri gan bd. Mdi mhi dat lay dii khdi lugng tir 1 kg ddn 1,5 kg. Mdi mhi dat dupe dung vao mdt tlii ridng, ngoai tiii dung mhx c6 nhan ghi ro ky hidu mSu, do sau My mau. Ben trong tiii cd nhan bang giay ghi ky hieu mau, dia didm, do sau, ngay, ngudi va CO quan lay mhx.
2.2.2. Bao quan miu
Theo Tieu chufc Qude gia TCVN 9487:2012 va Tieu chuan Viet Nam TCVN 4046:1985. Cae hii mau dat, tidu ban dat lay vd dugc hong khd trong khdng khi, bao quan d noi thoang mat.
2.3. Phuang phdp phSn tich d^t trong phdng thi nghidm
Phan tieh cac chi tieu ly, hoa hpc eua dat gdm:
Dung trpng: phuong phap dng tru; thanh phan ca gidi: phuang phip dng hiit Robinson; dp ehua (PHRCI): do bang may do pH; 0M%: phuang phap Walkley - Black; CEC Odl/100 g dat): phuang phap Amdn axetat pH = 7; nita tdng sd (N%): phuong phap Kjendahl; phdt pho tdng sd i^J^^' phuong phap so mau; kali tdng sd (K20%): phuong phap quang kd ngpn lua; phdt pho dd tidu (P2O5 mg/100 g dat):
phuang phap Oniani; kah dd tidu (KgO mg/100 g dat): phuong phap quang phd phat xa. Cae mhi dat dupe phan tieh tai Trung tam Phan tieh va Chuydn giao cdng nghd mdi trudng - Vien Mdi trudng Ndng nghiep.
2.4. Phuong phap xay di^ng ban dd
Tdng hgp danh gia suy giam dd phi bang phuang phap su dung he thdng thdng tin dia ly (CIS) va eac phan mem Mapinfo, ArcGIS, ArcView de chdng xdp cac ban dd chuydn dd. Cae ban do chuydn dd gdm; Suy giam pHuci, suy giam ham lupng chat hiru CO tdng sd, suy giam dung tich hap thu, suy giam ham luong nita tdng sd, ham luong phdt pho tong sd va ham lirpng kali tdng sd.
2.5. Phuong phap danh gia d^t kdt von Kd thira kdt qua xay dung ban do dat tinh Dak l i k , ty le 1:100.000 de xay dung va chdng xdp Idp thdng tin dat bi ket von, da ong hda Idn ban do. Trdn CO sd cac thdng tin trdn, tidn hanh didu tra ngoai thuc dia tai nhiing khu vue dirge xae dinh xuat hidn kdt von, da ong hda theo eac chi tieu: Hinh dang hat kdt von: trdn, phien det, cii gimg, eii au; kich thude:
min < 6 mm; tnmg binh 6 - 20 mm; thd > 20 mm; sd luong (% the tieh): it < 5%; hung binh 5 -15%; nhidu
>15%; dp sau xuat hidn (chidu sau phau dien): sau >
70 cm; trung binh 30 - 70 cm; ndng 0 - 30 cm va sii dung bang phan cap de ddi chidu cac chi tieu va danh gia muc dp dat hi kdt von, da ong hda.
2.6. c a c phuong p h ^ khac
- Phirong phap toan thdng ke dupe ap dung trong tdng hop xu ly sd lieu.
- Phuong phap chuyen khao: Tham khao y kidn cac chuydn gia trong ngaitii va eac can bd quan ly dat dai CO sd ed kinh nghiem.
3 . KET QUA VJi THAO LUAN
3.1. Danh gia vd miic dO dit hi khd h?in
^ T ^ ln-Milia!
Wo
IKI16 liaii iJie i klki Imii tnii^ bniJi • kliu \m\ mi Klioiit; kliu li;iii H m h 1. C o c l u , didn tich d i t b i k h d h ^ n tinh D d k Ldk
T o a n tinh cd 1.096.217 h a d a t bi k h d b a n , c h i e m 90,32% d i e n tich didu tra va cd 117.543 h a k h d n g bi k h o h a n . T r o n g d d : k h d b a n n a n g cd 35.937 h a , c h i d m 2,96% d i e n tich didu t r a , x a y r a c h u y e u d d i vdi d a t r i m g s a n x u a t , c h i d m 8,06% d i e n tieh didu t r a c u a n h d m dat; p h a n b d : h u y d n E a S u p , c h i d m 14,80%, h u y d n B u d n D d n c h i d m 5,33%, h u y e n E a H l e o c h i d m 2,56%, h u y e n C u M ' g a r c h i d m 0,69% (dien tich didu t r a eiia h u y d n ) . D a t bi k h d b a n t n m g b i n h cd 296.288 h a , c h i e m 24,41% didn tich didu t r a , x a y r a c h u y d u d d i vdi d a t b a n g c h u a s u d u n g , c h i e m 96,97% dipn tieh didu t r a c u a n h d m dat, d a t ddi n u i c h u a sii d u n g c h i d m 87,86% didn tich didu t r a e u a n h d m dat; p h a n b d h u y e n K r d n g B d n g , c h i e m 33,93%, h u y e n E a H l e o c h i d m 31,37%, h u y e n Lak c h i e m 30.68% d i e n tieh didu
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 3/2020
115KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
tra cua huydn. Dat bi khd han nhe cd 763.992 ha, chidm 62,94% dien tich dieu tra, xay ra chu ydu ddi vdi dat trdng rimg dae dung, khd han nhe, chiem 91,55% dien tich didu tra ciia nhdm dat, dit trdng lua chidm 81,95% didn tich didu tra eua nhdm; phan bd d huyen Budn Ddn chidm 86,09%, huydn Krdng Biik chidm 72,13%, thi xa Budn Hd chidm 69,45% (dien tieh dieu tra eua huyen).
Danh gia theo loai su dung dit eho thIy dat chua su dung va dit rimg dae dung ed ty le dit bi khd ban lon n h i t chiem 100% didn tich dieu h-a, tidp ddn la d i t trdng cay hang nam khac chidm 94,44% didn tich didu tra. Loai su dung d i t nudi trdng thuy san khdng bi khd ban. Cac loai su dung dat h-dng liia, dat nudi trdng thiiy san, dat ndng nghidp khac va dat bang chua su dung khdng bi khd han nang. Dat rimg san xuat cd ty Id dit bi khd ban nang Idn nhat chiem 53,90%, tidp ddn la dat rimg dac dung chidm 14,53%
tdng dien tich dat hi khd han nang.
3.2. Danh gia vd miic dO d i t bi suy g i ^ dO phi 3.2.L Bat bi chua hda
Tren dia ban toln tinh co 1.035.664 ha dat hi chua hoa, chiem 85,33% dien tieh didu tra va cd 178.096 ha khdng bi chua hda. Trong dd: chua hda nang cd 386.102 ha, chidm 31,81% dien tich didu tra, phan bd trdn dit trdng eay lau nam 233.787 ha, dat trdng cay hang nam khac 76.205 ha, tren dia ban cac huydn Cu M'gar 47.616 ha, huyen Lak 35.125 ha,...
Chua hda tiling binh cd 489.753 ha, chidm 40,35%
dien tich didu tra; phan bd tren dit rimg dae dung 155.378 ha, dat trong cay lau nam 94.627 ha,... tren dia ban eac huyen Budn Ddn 76.788 ha, huyen Krdng Bong 75.300 ha,... Chua hda nhe: dien tich 159.809 ha, chidm 13,17% didn tich didu tra, phan bd tren dat rimg san xuat 72.161 ha, dat cay lau nam 25.741 ha, dat rimg phdng hd 17.582 ha,... tren dia ban eac huyen Ea Sup 56.558 ha, huyen Ea H'leo 22.031 ha,...
3.2.2. Dat bi suy giam chat hdu catdngsd Tdng didn tich dat bi suy giam chat huu eo eua tinh Dak Lak la 675.513 ha, chidm 55,65% didn tieh didu tra va 538.247 ha d i t khdng bi suy giam. Trong dd: suy giam n ^ g ed 182.236 ha. chidm 15,01% didn tich didu tra, phan bd tren dat rimg san xuat 64.125 ha, dat rimg dac dung 44.716 ha,... tai eac huyen Ea Sup 51.306 ha, huyen Budn Ddn 45.250 ha,... Suy giam tiling bmh 217.665 ha, chidm 17,93% dien tich didu tra; phan bd chu ydu d di^n tich dit rimg san
xult 52.821 ha, dat rung dac dung : ha, dat trdng cay lau nam 60.440 ha,... tai car i^ ^ '•'^ ^a Slip 51.921 ha, huydn Ea Hleo 33.576 ii. ^^^ ^udn Ddn 21.894 ha,... Suy giam nhe ed 275 fU2 ha, chidm 22,71% didn tich didu tra; phan bd tren d i t trdng ciy lau nam 81.130 ha, dit rimg dac dung 56.820 ha, d^t rimg san xuat 55.830 ha; tren dia ban cae huy^n Budn Ddn 42.927 ha, huydn Ea Hleo 36.413 ha, huy§n EaKar 32.672 ha,...
3.2.3. Bat bi suy giam dung tich hap thu Tdng dien tich dat bi suy giam dung tieh hip tiiu trdn dia ban tinh Dak Lak la 735.478 ha, chiem 60,60% didn tieh dieu tra va 478.282 ha khdng bi suy giam. Trong dd: suy giam nang cd 17.136 ha, chidm 1.41% dien tieh didu tra; phan bd tren dit rimg san xuat 7.683 ha, d i t rimg phdng hd 2.403 ha,...ti-dn dia ban cac huyen Ea Sup 12.344 ha, huydn Ea Hleo 2.731 ha, huyen Budn Ddn 1.103 ha. Suy giam trung binh cd 198.237 ha, chidm 16,33% dien tich didu b^; phfln bd trdn dit rimg san xuat 72.891 ha, dat trdng cay lau nam (38.208 ha),... trdn dia ban eae huydn Ea Slip (81.663 ha), huydn Ea Hleo 33.013 ha, huydn Budn D6n 23.969 ha,...suy giam nhe cd 520.105 ha, chidm 42,85%
dien tich dieu tra; d i t cay lau nam 168.000 ha, d^t rimg dac dung 134.884 ha, rimg san xult 105.202 ha,... tren dia ban eac huyen Budn Ddn 134.884 ha, huyen Krdng Bdng 58.898 ha, huyen Lak 56.989 ha...
3.2.4. Bat hi suy giam nita tdng sd
Tdng didn tieh dat bi suy giam nita tdng sd tiftn dia bin tinh la 848.930 ha, chidm 69,94% didn tich dieu tra va 364.830 ha khdng bi suy giam. Trong d6:
suy giam nang didn tieh 195.244 ha, chidm 16,09%
dien tieh dieu tra; phan bd tren dien tieh dit trdng cay lau nam 84.049 ha, dat rimg san xuat 49.607 ha.
dit riing dae dung 21.882 ha,... d eac huydn Ea Hleo 44.279 ha, huydn Ea Slip 36.210 ha...Suy giam hung binh ed 396.008 ha, chidm 32,63% didn tich didu ha;
phan bd trdn dit cay Mu nam 123.282 ha, dit rimg dac dung 85.730 ha, d i t rimg san xuat 73.137 ha,... d cac huypn Ea Slip 55.348 ha), huyen Krdng Bdng 50.635 ha... Suy giam nhe ed 257.678 ha. chi&i 21,23% dien tieh didu tra; phan bd frdn didn tich dll trdng eay Mu nam 85.489 ha, dat rimg san xu^it 71.845 ha,., d eac huyen Ea Slip 57.953 ha, huydn Ea Hleo 34.717 ha, huy^n M'Drlk 25.304 ha...
3.2.5. Bait bi suy giam phdt pho tdngsd Tdng didn tich dat hi suy giam phot pho tong sd
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN N 6 N G THON - KY 2 • THANG 3/2020
KHOA HOC C O N G N G H £
trdn dia ban tinh la 809.579 ha, chidm 66,70% dien tich dieu tra va 404.181 ha khdng bi suy giam. Trong dd: suy giam nang cd 579.457 ha, chidm 47,74% dien tich dieu tra; phan bd tren dat trdng cay Mu nam 180.221 ha, d i t rung dae dung 150.354 ha, dat rimg san xuat 122.119 ha,... tap trung d eac huydn Ea Slip 126.941 ha, huydn Budn Don 112.885 ha... Suy giam trung binh ed 119.223 ha, chidm 9,82% dien ti'ch dieu tra; phan bd tren didn tich dat rimg san xult 30.539 ha, dat rimg dae dung 30.103 ha, dat trdng cay Mu nam 28.654 ha,., tap trung d cac huyen Krdng Bdng 27.949 ha, M'Drak 19.473 ha, huydn Lak 19.296 ha, huydn Krdng P i c 12.613 ha... Suy giam nhe cd 110.899 ha, chidm 9,14% dien tieh dieu ti-a; phan bd trdn dien tieh d i t rimg phdng hd 28.710 ha, dat rimg san xult 24.478 ha,... tap trung d cae huydn M'Drlk 30.314 ha, huyen Lak 17.110 ha...
3.2.6. Bat bi suy giam kah tdng sd
Tdng di^n tich dit bi suy giam kaU tdng sd trdn dia ban tinh la 394.693 ha, chidm 32,52% dien tich didu tra va 819.067 ha khdng bi suy giam. Trong do:
suy giam nang ed 2.104 ha, chiem 0,17% dien tieh didu Q-a; phan bd tren didn tieh dat trdng liia 2.104 ha, tap trung d huydn Ea Kar 1.431 ha. huyen Krdng Pic 377 ha, huyen Cu M'gar 186 ha, huyen Krdng Nang 109 ha.
Suy giam trung binh ed 67.128 ha, chidm 5,53% dien tich dieu tra; phan bd trdn dien tieh d i t eay Mu nam 54.804 ha, t^p hung d eac huyen Ea Hleo 15.850 ha, huyen Cu M'gar 12.778 ha... Suy giam nhe cd 325.461 ha, chiem 26,81% dien tieh didu tra; phan bd tren didn tich dat trdng eay Mu nam 184.078 ha, dat rimg san xult 59.675 ha,... tap tnmg d cac huyen Ea Slip 67.460 ha, huydn Budn Ddn 50.292 ha.
3.2.7. Banh gia tdng hop ddt hi suy giam dp phi T r e n d i a b a n tinh cd 918.372 h a d a t hi s u y g i a m dp phi, c h i d m 75,66% d i d n tieh d i e u b-a v a e o 295.388 ha k h d n g bi s u y g i a m . T r o n g d o : s u y g i a m d p p h i n a n g e d 150.285 h a , c h i e m 12,38% d i e n t i c h d i e u tra. D i e n tieh s u y g i a m n a n g p h a n b d t r e n d a t t r d n g cay lau n a m c h i e m 17,09%, d a t r i m g d a c d u n g chidm 15% d i e n tieh d i d u t r a ciia n h d m , . . . t r e n d i a ban h u y e n B u d n D d n c h i e m 27,88%, h u y e n K r d n g Biik c h i e m 23,32% ( d i e n t i c h d i e u t r a c u a h u y d n ) . Suy g i a m d p p h i t r u n g b m h e d 415.644 h a , c h i d m 34,24% d i ^ n tich d i e u tra, e h u y d u t r e n d i t b a n g c h u a s u d u n g c h i d m 49.24%, d i t t r d n g c a y Mu n a m c h i e m 48,34% (di§n tich d i e u t r a c u a n h d m ) , . . . tai e a c h u y d n Krdng N a n g c h i d m 58,99% d i e n tieh d i e u t r a e u a
h u y d n , t h a n h p h d B u d n M a T h u d t c h i e m 58,63% d i e n tich d i e u b-a c u a h u y e n . S u y g i a m d p p h i n h e cd 352.443 h a , c h i e m 29,04% d i e n tich d i e u ti-a, t r d n d i t b a n g c h u a s u d t i n g c h i e m 43,46%, d i t r i m g d a e d u n g c h i d m 37,33% d i e n tich didu tra,...phan b d d h u y e n K r d n g B d n g c h i d m 52,29%, h u y d n K r d n g A n a c h i d m 46,49 % (dien tich didu t r a c u a h u y e n . )
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aSiiygiaiuiilie • Suygiaiiitnmgbiiili •'^ii\ ,<:iaiiiiiji]ig •Klioim.^nsinju
H i n h 2. C o c l u , d i d n tich d i t b i s u y g i a m dO p h i t i n h D a k L i k
3.3. D a n h g i a m i i c d p d i t b i k d t v o n , d l o n g h d a U n h D a k Lak cd 12.142 h a d i t bi kdt v o n , c h i d m 1% d i e n tich didu fra va 1.201.618 h a d i t k h d n g bi k d t v o n . T r o n g d o : k d t v o n n a n g cd 6.133 h a , c h i d m 0,51%
d i e n tich d i e u t r a , p h a n b d t r e n d a t r i m g d a c d u n g 1.813 h a , d a t t r d n g c a y Mu n a m 1.678 h a , d a t t r d n g e a y h a n g n a m 1.566 h a ; t a p t r u n g d c a c h u y d n E a S u p 2.391 h a , B u d n D d n 1.321 h a , E a H'leo 1.025 h a . . . Kdt v o n t r u n g b i n h cd 3.486 h a , c h i d m 0,29% dien tich d i e u t r a , p h a n b d t r e n d i t r i m g s a n x u a t 1.600 h a , d i t t r d n g cay Mu n a m 1.230 h a ; t a p t r u n g d c a e h u y d n E a Slip 1.826 h a , h u y e n 5 9 7 ha... K e t v o n n h e cd 2.522 h a , c h i e m 0,21% d i e n tich didu tra, p h a n b d d i t t r d n g l u a 1.585 h a , d a t r i m g s a n x u l t 729 h a , d a t e a y Mu n a m 191 h a , d a t b a n g e h u a s u d u n g 18 h a ; tap t n m g d c a c h u y e n L a k 744 h a , h u y e n E a Slip 729 h a , h u y e n K r d n g A n a 6 6 9 h a . . .
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•KdvoiLiilLe iKe<vouliiiiCTII^^rrivimii:ui: Klinir^td i H i n h 3 . C o c i u , d i f n t i c h d ^ t b i k f t v o n t i n h D & l i k
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 3/2020
117KHOA HOC C6NO NOHt
3.4. D4nh g i i chung miic da flioii h6a dft dnh B S k l i k
Tong dien tich dat bi thoai hoa tren dia ban tinh 947.761 ha, chiem 78,08% tdng di6n Uch diiu tra va 265.999 ha dat khong bi thoai hoa; dat bi thoai hoa nang co 106.994 ha, chiem 8,82% di^n tich dieu tra, phan bo tap trung 6 huyen Ea Sup 33.134 ha, huyen Krong Bong 14.975 ha, huyen Buon Don 10.926 ha,...dat bi thoai hoa trung binh co 319.789 ha, chiem 26,35% di^n tich dieu tra, tap trung u huyen Ea H'leo 47.180 ha, huyta Ea Slip 43.747 ha, huyen Buon Don 37.840 ha,...dSt bi thoii hoa nhe co 520.978 ha, chi^m 42,92% difin tich di^u tra,tap trung a huyen Krong Bong 71.182 ha, huySn Ea Sup 67.875 ha, huy6n Lik 65.177 ha...
Hinh 4. Ca clu, dien tich Sit bi thoii h6a tinh B & l i k
4.KETLUAN
Thoai hoa dat tren dia ban tinh Dak l i k thuoc viing Tay Nguyen di§n ra nghiem trong, ket qua dieu tra 1.213.760 ha Sit cho thay dat bi thoai hoa a cac huy0n, thanh phd, thi xa deu chiem tren 60% difen tich di^u tra.
- Vi miic do dat bi kho han: Co 1.096.217 ha dat bi khd han, chidm 90,32%, dat khd han nang cd 35.937 ha, chiem 2,96%; dat bi khd han trung binh cd 296.288 ha, chidm 24,41%; dat bi khd han nhe cd 763.992 ha, chiem 62,94% dien tich didu tra. Chi cd 117.543 ha khdng bi kho han
Vd miic do suy giam do phi; cd 295.388 ha khdng bi suy giam chiem 24,34%; dat bi suy giam do phi cd 918.372 ha, chiem 75,66%, a miic nSng cd 150.285 ha, chiem 12,38%; trung binh cd 415.644 ha, chidm 34,24% va nhe cd 352.443 ha, chiem 29,04%
dien tich didu tra. Trong dd cd 1.035.664 ha djit bi chua hda, chiem 85,33% va cd 178.096 ha khdng bi chua hda; dat bi suy giam chat hiiu co 675.513 ha.
chidm 55,65% va 538.247 ha dat khoiu 31 suy giara;
dit hi suy giam dung tich hSp thu 73 • ' •« lia. chidm 60,60% va 478.282 ha khdng bi suy gia>>- <lal W suy giam nita tdng sd 848.930 ha, ilucm 69,94% va 364.830 ha khdng bi suy giam; dat bi suy giam phdt pho tong sd la 809.579 ha, chiem 66,70% va 404.181 ha khdng hi suy giam; dat bi suy giam kali tdng sd 14 394.693 ha, chiem 32,52% dien tich didu tra vi 819.067 ha khong bi suy giam.
- Ve miic dd ket von cd 1.201.618 ha ddt khdng bi kdt von, cd 12.142 ha dat bi kdt von, chidm 1% va trong do: kdt von nang cd 6.133 ha, chidm 0,51%; kdt von trung binh cd 3.486 ha, chidm 0,29%; kdt von nhe cd 2.522 ha, chidm 0,21% dien tich didu ha.
- Danh gia chung miic do thoai hda dat; Trdn dia ban tinh Dak l i k cd 265.999 ha dat khdng hi thoai hda va cd 947.761 ha dat bj thoai hda, chidm 78,08)1 tdng didn tich dieu tra, trong dd: dat bi thoii hda ning cd 106994 ha, chiem 8,82%; dat bi thoai hda trung binh cd 319.789 ha, chidm 26,35% va dit bi thoai hda nhe cd 520.978 ha, chidm 42,92% didn tich didu tra.
T M L I E U I I U M K I U O
1. Bo Ndng nghidp va Phat tridn ndng thon (2009). Cam nang su dung dit ndng nghidp. Tap 7.
Phuong phap phan tich dat, NXB Khoa hoc va Ky thuat. Ha Noi.
2. Hoi Khoa hoc Dat Viet Nam (1999). Sd tay dieu tra phan loai d i t NXB Ndng nghidp. Ha Ndi.
3. Nguydn Ba Lam, Nguydn Quang Huy (2017).
Nghien ciiu d§c tinh ly, hda hoc cac nhdm dat chinh tinh Phii Tho. Tap chi Ndng nghiep va Phat tridn ndng thdn sd 14/2017:11-19.
4. Cdng ty Dau tu va Tu vin Phuong Bac (2019). Bao cao tdng kdt du an dieu tra danh gii thoai hda dit lin dau trdn dia bdn tinh Dak l i k .
5. Nguyen Thi Ngoc Quyen (2019). Du bao nhu cau sir dung nuoc cho cac loai hinh su dung dat trdn luu vuc sdng SrePok frong bdi canh bidn ddi khi hSu.
Tap chi Khoa hoc Ndng nghiep Vi6t Nam, sd 2/2019;
126-132.
6. Pham Diic Thuan, Pham Quy Giang (2018).
Danh gia nguy ca ban han huyen I jic Ngan, tinh Bac Giang bang cdng nghd vidn Uiam. Tap chi Khoa hpc Ndng nghidp Viet Nam, sd 9/2018: 820-835.
7. Pham Thd Tnnh (2019). .\(;hien ciiu thuc
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
trang va dinh hirdng su dung dat ti-dng cao su tinh 8. Vien Thd nhudng Ndng hda (1998). Sd tay Dak Lak ddn nam 2020. Tap ehi Khoa hoc D i t sd phan tieh dit, nude, phan bdn, cay trdng. NXB Nong 55/2019:143-149. nghiep. Ha Ndi.
EVALUATION OF LAND DEGRADANCE LEVEL IN DAK LAK PROVINCE IN THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS AREA
Nguyen Quang Hoc, Nguyen Ba Lam, Nguyen Quang Huy Summary
This study aims to assess the extent of land degradation in Dak Lak province in the Central Highlands region to serve the sustainable management and use of land resources. The research results show that the severe drought level was 35,937 ha, accounting for 2.96%; the average drought has 296,288 ha, accounUng for 24.41% and die light drought has 763,992 ha, accounting for 62.94% of the surveyed area. Land with severely reduced fertibty was 150,285 ha, accounting for 12.38%; on average, there are 415,644 ha, accounting for 34.24% and light weight is 352,443 ha, accounUng for 29.04% of the surveyed area. The heavily agglomerated soil has 6,133 ha, accounting for 0.51%; The average result is 3,486 ha, accounting for 0.29%; light von 2,522 ha, accounting for 0.21% of the survey area. The total area of non-degraded land is 265,999 hectares and 947.761 hectares of degraded land, accountmg for 78.08% of the total surveyed area, of which: heavy degradation has 106,994 hectares, accounting for 8.82%; regression average has 319,789 ha, accounting for 26.35% and slight degeneration has 520.978 ha, accounting for 42.92% of the survey area.
Keywords: Land degradation. Dak Lak province, degradation of soil fertility, compacted soil, and dry
so.Ngudi phin bi^n: TS. Nguydn Dinh Bdng Ngay nh^n bii: 20/01/2020
Ngiy thdng qua p h ^ bidn: 25/02/2020 Ngiy duydt dang: 3/3/2020