DAIVH GIA DAC DIEIVI HIIVH THAI THUC VAT,
ydixiii HOC v A s y di\i DIIXIH TIIVH TRAIVG KHOIVG H O T HEO T H O I GIAIM CLIA HAI CAY QUYT DUOIMG KHOIVG HOT
OUgC PHAT HIEIV O DOIVG B A I M G S O I V G CLTU LOIVG
Nguydn Bd Phii^, Nguydn Bdo V^ vd Trdn Thi Bich Vdn^
T6MTAT
Nam 2007, cac nha khoa hoc trudng Dai hpc Can Tha da phat hi$n hai cdy quyt Dudng cho trai hoan toan khong hot d dong bdng song Cdu Long. De co ca sd phat tridn gidng quyt Dudng khong hpt nay trong san xuat, de tai duac thuc hidn nhdm: (i) So sanh ddc tinh hinh thai thuc vdt; (ii) ghi nhan mpt sd dac tinh nong hoc; va (iiO danh gia su 6n dinh tinh trang khong hpt theo thdi gian cua hai cdy quyt Dudng khong hpt. Kdt qua khao sat cho thay: Ngoai tru tinh trang hoan toan khong hpt, cac dac tinh hinh thai thuc vat nhu than, la, hoa va trai deu gidng nhau giira hai cay quyt Dudng khong hpt va cung khong khac bi^t vdi quyt Dudng cd hpt. Khong cd bien dpng ldn giua hai cay quyt Dudng khong hpt vdi nhau va vdi cdy qujH Dudng co hpt ve cac dac tinh ndng hpc tuan tir qua 2 nam khao sat, nhu chidu cao cdy (3,5 - 4,3 m; 3,2 - 3,8 m), chidu rpng tan (2,4 - 2,62 m; 2,8 - 3,2 m); dudng kinh gdc (14,3 -15,9 cm; 15,4 -16,7 cm) va ndng sudt trai (20 - 28 kg/cay; 22 25 kg trai/cay). Tinh frang hoan toan khong hpt cua hai cay quyt Dudng khong hpt on dinh theo thdi gian (3 nam theo doi lien tuc) trong didu kifn co trong xen vdi cdc gidng cam quyt khac (100% trai hoan toan khong h p t khong co hpt chdc va cQng khong co hpt lep).
Tir khoa; Quyt Du&ng, khong hot, cam quyt, d$c diSm hinh thai, Citrus reticulata.
, L DAT VAN DE dd: (i) So sdnh ddc tinh t h u c vat ciia hai cdy quyt n C U V '^ r\ ' 4.1-' I- u-,L-v ' i-v D u d n g k h d n g h o t vdi n h a u vd vdi cdy quyt D u d n g cd C a m Sanh va quyt D u o n g thich n g h i tdt a d d n g , , 7..x , . , ^ - , , , ^ u " " s ^y
^nr oA„„ m^, T ^ mTicni\ A u ^ -v "dt; (ll) ghi n h a n m d t sd ddc tinh n d n g h o c c u a hai l g song Cuu Long (DBSCL), c a y c h o ndng suat . - ^ ^ , , ,
u -'_ u -V • J - 4. -> I. .! « 1' cay qujA; D u o n g k h d n g h d t va cay quyt D u d n g cd h d t ), p h a m c h a t ngon, nguoi d a n t r o n g nhieu va lue /,^.s\, , . - * • , . , , , uv/ng v,w n y t
w - A •' -KTu *_'• ' 11-' !-•-> 1-.,. va (m) d a n h gia s u on dinh tinh trang k h d n g h d t t h e o J b a n c u n g d u p c gia. N h u n g trai eo k h a nhieu h d t ,, , . , , , _ ,', ,
'u U-' u^ > 4. • - 4j - .ut- 4_' • ,L_ Vr m o i gian cua hai cay quyt D u o n g k h d n g hdt.
han c h e p h a n n a o t r o n g viec tieu t h u trai tuoi. Vi ^ ^ • ., chpn gidng c a m S a n h vd quyt D u d n g k h d n g h o t •• "AT UBJ VA PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU I bien t u nhien t r o n g san x u a t d D B S C L Id viec edn 1. Vdt li^u nghidn ciiu
li l a m d e cai ti^n p h d m chdt ti-di U-ong di^u kidn Hai edy quyt D u d n g k h d n g h d t m a sd 1 va 80 vdi xuat c a m quyt b D B S C L ndi rieng vd e a nudc ndi ^^y quyt D u d n g cd h d t b i n h tiiudng m d s6 63
*ng. Vide tiny tim c a y c a m S a n h vd quyt D u d n g (Nguydn Bao V^ vi Cs., 2007) tai x a T d n P h u d c ftng h o t d u p e tien h d n h tiidng q u a td chiic hdi tiii ^ u y ^ n Lai Vung, tinh D 6 n g TTiap dupe c h o n d^ k h a o
^ cam, quyt k h d n g hot" vd dieu ti-a, khdo sdt ti^ ^^^ ^^^ ^ y q ^ ^ ^^^^ ^ h . ^ ^ j ^ . ^ ^ - ^ '^ ^, ^ . ^ L ^J^^J^^ ""^"^ ^^^!' ""^ ^ " ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ " ^ ' 80 Id hai cay tiidp, gdc tiidp la cam Mat, ngudn gdc r - ^ T ; . ? ^ ^ ? ' ' " ? "^^ i \ T ^ . T . T ^ ^^^"« ^ ^ " « ^^ ^ " ^ ^ ^ ^ g ' ^^^^ ^^^^oi ndi dudi
^ nam 2007. Ket qua cua d6 tai da phat hidn hai g^e. Cdy quyt Dudng ed hot md sd 63 duoc chon lam t ^^.^ ^T^ " ^ " " f i l " " " '^1^%^^' Zr"^ cay ddi chiing do cung Uidi ti-dng (dupc" ti-6ng ndm nong dan Huynh TliaiBinh^ xa T ^ Phuoc 2OOI), cung each nhan gidng (tiiap tren gdc cam f o " n ^ ^ f ' T J ^ ' ? ^ • ^ ' ^ ' " r J - ' ' ^^'^' ^ " " ^ ^^^" ^ ^ ^ ^ h tde, khdng sdu benh, ed i 2007). De CO CO sa phat trien giong quyt Duong dV/-cinV, f«,;^^ f . , ^ „ .* • u • . -^V. \ f , ' > ^ , V, i . :,. / 1 , ., s"c ^"^"^ truang tuong duong voi hai cay quyt Dudng
ng hot nay trong san xuat, de tai dupc thuc hidn i,v,An„ UM r^ KO ^A„ A •_-> ^ .
^ • ' * V . . k n o n g tipt. C a b a cay d u p c t r o n g x e n U-ong vudn vdi cac gidng c a m quyt khde n h u : quyt Diidng, quyt lien Cliu sinh, Trudng D^i hpc Can Tha Ti4u, c a m Mat, c a m Sanh, c h a n h Tdu.
dngD,ih9cCdmha. 2. Phuong phdp nghifin oiu
||NG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 11/2011 17
KHOA HQC C O N G NGHfi
a. Khao sit 1: Khao sat die tinh hinh tiiii tiit/c cdy quyt D u d n g ed hdt. Khao sat 30 mau Od, hoj v$t ciy quyt Duong khdng hot
* Ndi dung
Nhdm so sdnh cdc ddc tinh hinh thdi tiiyc vdt giira hai edy quyt Dudng k h d n g hdt vdi nhau vd vdi
trdi) ciia moi cdy. Dupc thue hi$n trong ndm 2008.
* Cic chi tiiu theo ddi
Ddc tinh cdy. hoa. Id vd trdi: khao sdt vd md t theo IPGRI (1999).
- P h d m chdt U-di:
+ Ty Id thit trdi dupc ( TyldtiiitU-di(%) =
anh theo cdng thuc:
Khdi lupng ti-di (g) - kh6i lupng vd (g) - kh6i lupng hpt (g) Kh6i lupng ti-di (g)
xlOO + Mau sdc vd trdi: dupc do bdng mdy do mdu
hidu Minolta CR-200.
+ Dp brbc: dupc do bdng cdch dp ldy djch trdi vd do ngay bdng khiic xa k^ hi^u ATAGO.
+ Vitamin C: djnh lirpng vitamin C (axit ascobic) theo phuong phdp chudn dp bdng 2,6 diclorophenol indophenol.
+ pH dich trai: dupc do bdng cdch dp ldy dieh trdi vd do ngay bdng pH k^ hidu ORION.
Sd lieu dupc tinh trung binh, dp Idch ehudn vd kiem dinh bdng so sdnh edp Student test.
b. Khao sit 2: Khio sit mpt sdd$c tinh ndng hpc cua ciy quyt Dudng khdng hot
* Ndi dung
Nhdm ghi nhdn ede ddc tinh ndng hpc eiia hai edy quyt Dudng khdng hot vd cdy quyt Dudng cd h o t Khdo sat ba cay. Dupc thuc hidn 2 ldn trong 2 ndm 2008 vd 2009.
* Cic chi tiiu theo doi
- Chi^u cao cay (m): dupc do tu mdt ddt d^n vi tri cao n h a t Chidu rdng tan (m): dupc do d vi tri tan rdng nhat. Dirdng kinh goc (cm): dupc do cdch mdt ddt 10 cm. Ndng suat (kg/edy): ghi nhdn khdi lupng trdi thu hoaeh trong mpt ndm.
c. Khao sit 3: Sir dn d/nh tinh trang khdng hdt theo thdi gian cda hai ciy quyt Dudng khdng hdt
* Npi dung
Nhdm ddnh gid s u 6n dinh tinh trang khdng hpt theo thdi gian eua hai cdy quyt Dudng k h d n g hpt, trong di^u kidn ed trong xen vdi cdc giong cam quyt khac. Khao sat it nhdt 100 U-di ciia moi cdy quyt Dudng khdng hot. Dupc t h u c hi^n trong 3 ndm (2007,2008 vd 2009).
* Cic chi tiiu theo ddi
Sd hdt U-dn U-di, g 6 m 2 loai hdt (hdt chdc vd h^l 16p).
T u dd quy ra phdn trdm trai k h d n g hdt.
• . KET QUA VA THAO LUAN
1. Ddc tinh hinh thdi t h y c vdt ctia hai cdy q i ^ Dudng k h d n g hdt
a. D$c tinh ciy vi thin cinh
K^t qud ghi nhdn dupc c h o thdy hai cdy quyt Dudng k h d n g hdt vd quyt Dirdng cd hdt d^u cd dang tdn cdy hinh elip, cdy cd ddng thdng diing, mdt do ednh thua, h u d n g ngpn vd phdn canh nhi^u. Mdt do gai thira, d a n g gai thdng va ngdn. Cay cd cdu tnic thdn ldng vd gdc dp phan canh vua phai (Hinh 1).
Nhin chung, ddc tinh bdn ngoai ciia cdy quj^ £)uDng k h d n g hot khdo sat k h d n g cd gi k h a c bidt so vdi c%
quyt Dudng cd hot binh tiiudng t h e o md ta ciiaTrsb T h ^ Tuc vi Cs. (1998) vd Trdn T h u o n g Tudn vi a
(1999).
Hinh 1: Ddc tinh thdn ednh c u a cdy q u ^ Dudng k h d n g h o t v d c 6 h o t
1: dy quyt Dudng khdng hpt md sd 1; 2: cSH quyt Dudng khdng hdt mS sd 80 vi 3: ciy quft Duong cd hdt mi sd63
b.D0ctinhIa
K^t qua Uinh bdy or b a n g 1 c h o thay chi^u dai la quyt D u d n g k h d n g h d t va cd hOt bi^n tiiidn tir 7,87 cm d^n 8,11 cm, k h d n g cd s u k h a c bidt giiia cdc ciy T u o n g h;, chi^u rOng Id bi^n thidn Ui 3,86 cm ct^i 4,04 c m vd ddy Id bi^n thidn tir 0,33 m m d^n 0,34 m m , c u n g k h d n g khdc bi^t giua cdc cdy.
18
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TPI^N ll&iUG. T H 6 N - KY 2 - T H A M / ^ I I /onilBdng 1: Kich tiiudc vd sd 16 ddu trdn Id ciia cdc cdv auvt Dudmr khdng hdt vd ed hdt
Cdy qu3H Dudng Khong hot (ma so 1) Khong hot (ma so 80)
Co hot (ma so 63)
Ddi Id (cm) 8,11± 0,54 7,87± 0,78 8,08± 0,75
ROng Id (cm) 3,86± 0,34 3,93± 0,33 4,04± 0,37
Ddy Id (mm) 0,33± 0,06 0,34± 0,05 0,33± 0,05
Sd gdn Id 22,5±2,8i 21,8±2,93 2i,0±2,93
Ddi cu6ng Id (cm) 1,23±0,22 1,30±0,23 1,25±0,26
Sd 16 ddu /cm' 74,6± 19,2 72,1± 14,7 73,9± 19,8 So gdn la giira hai cay quyt Dudng khdng hot va
cd hot bien thien tir 21,0 gdn den 22,5 gdn, nhung khdng cd su khac bidt giira cdc cdy. Bdn canh dd, chidu dai cudng la (1,23 - 1,30 cm) vd sd 16 ddu/cm^
(72,1 - 74,6) cung khdng cd su khdc bidt giira hai cdy quyt Dudng khdng hot vdi nhau vd vdi cdy quyt Dudng cd hot.
Hinh 2: Ld ciia cdc cdy quyt Dudng khdng hdt vd cd h d t
a: mit trin vi b: mat du&i Ii, 1: Ii quyt Du&ng khdng hot mi sd 1; 2: li quyt Dudng khdng hot mi sd 80 vi 3: li quyt Dudng cd hot mi sd 63
Ngodi ra, kdt qua khao sat ciing cho thay Id b ed ba cdy deu thupc kieu la don, phien la cd mau xanh, khdng cd" tai Id vd la cd nhieu hinh dang khdc nhau (mac, ehp vd tning) nhung hinh mac la pho bien, ket qua nay phu hpp vdi md ta ciia Tran Thuong Tuan vi Cs. (1999) tren cay quyt Dudng binh thudng; Ha Thi Ld Anh (2005) cdng nhdn thay tren ciing mdt cdy cd khi cd nhieu dang la khae nhau. Mdu sde Id eua edy quyt Dudng khdng hot vd ed hot ddu ed mdu xanh dam b mdt tren vd mdu xanh sang d mdt dudi. Trdn bd mdt la ciia hai nhdm quyt Dudng deu khdng cd diem mdu. Ngodi ra, la cdy quyt Dudng khdng hot vd cd hot khao sat deu ed ria la dang rang cua, dinh dau la cd khia; ket qua nay gidng vdi phan md ta ddc tinh la eua Dudng Hdng Ddt (2000) vd cflng cho rdng cdc lodi quyt thudng cd dudi Id che ldm xudng d phia miit la. Chiing deu cd gdn la khdng noi d bd mdt trdn tao su bdng i^dng b mdt trdn phien la va ddu ed cuong Id
Bang 2: Kich thude hoa vd s6 nhi hoa <
Cdy quyt Dudng Khdng hot (ma sd 1) Khdng hot (ma sd 80)
Co hot (ma sd 63)
Ddi cudng (mm) 1,99±0,27 1,95±0,29 1,97±0,41
Dudng kinh ddi (mm) 2,98± 0,34 3,01± 0,32 3,03± 0,25
ngdn, phan ndi giua phidn la vd cudng la cd khdp (Hinh 2).
Qua cdc kdt qua trinh bdy d trdn, cd tii^ kd't luan ddc tinh hinh thdi Id giua hai cdy quyt Dudng khdng hot la gidng nhau va khdng khac so vdi cay quyt Dudng cd hot
c. Die tinh hoa
Khao sat khi hoa nd (ket qua trinh bay b bang 2) cho thay chieu dai cudng hoa bie'n thien tir 1,95 mm ddn 1,99 mm va dudng kinh dai hoa tir 2,98 mm den 3,03 mm, deu khdng cd khac biet giira cac cdy. Ngoai ra, sd canh trdn hoa cua hai cdy quyt Dudng khdng hot va cd hot deu tuong duong nhau, vdi sd canh hoa bidn thidn tir 4,93 canh ddn 5,03 canh. Randhawa vi
Cs. (1961), Nguydn Bao Vd vd Le Thanh Phong (2003) eung nhdn thay hoa cam quyt thudng cd 5 canh hoa mdu trdng ludn phidn vdi cac la dai, canh hoa ddy, gdn xen ke vdi nhau.
Chidu ddi canh hoa quyt Dudng bie'n thien tir 11.33 mm den 11.48 mm vd chieu rdng canh hoa bien thien tir 4,23 mm den 4,27 mm, sd nhi due tir 18,9 den 19,4 nhi/hoa, cung khdng cd khac biet giua cdc cay. Pham Hoang Hd (2003). Bd Ndng nghiep va Phat trien Ndng thdn (2006) ket luan rdng sd nhi hoa quyt Dudng khoang 20 - 30 nhi/hoa.
Bao phan cam quyt cd 4 ngdn mau vang. bao phan bao quanh gan hodc ngang vdi nudm ciia nhuy edi. Ket qua trinh bay d bang 2 cho thay chieu dai bao phan ciia cdy quyt Dudng khdng hot md sd 1 la 1,31 mm, edy quyt Dudng khdng hot ma sd 80 la 1,32 mm vd edy quyt Dudng cd hot md sd 63 la 1,29 mm, khdng ed khae bidt giua cdc edy. Tran Thupng Tuan vi Cs. (1999) cung cho rdng bao phan quyt Dudng binh thudng cd chidu dai tiling binh Id 1,5 mm.
ciia cdc cdy quyt Dudng khdng hQt vd cd hpt Sdcdnh/
hoa 5,00± 0,26 4,93± 0,45 4,97± 0,32
Ddi ednh hoa (mm) 11,39±0,51 11,33±0,44 11,48±0,52
Rdng ednh hoa (mm) 4,24± 0,39 4,23± 0,37 4,27± 0,37
Sd chi nhi 19,2±1,21 18,9±1,18 19,4±1,28
Ddi chi nhi (mm) 6,41±0,50a 6,13±0,52b 6,02± 0,39 b
Ddi bao phdn (mm)
1,31 ±0,26 1,32±0,30 1,29±0,26 Cicsd tiong cimg mot cdt dupc theo sau nhung chu khic nhau thi khic biit cd y nghia bingkiem dinh so sinh cip Student test (P<0,05)
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 11/2011 19
KHOA HQC C O N G NGHfi
Hoa cua cae cay quyt Dudng khao sdt ed so ehi nhi tuong duong nhau nhung chi^u dai chi nhj ed su khde bidt. Cdy quyt Dudng khdng hdt md sd 1 ed chidu dai chi nhj Id 6,41 mm cd sir khdc bidt so vdi cay khdng hot md sd 80 Id 6,13 mm vd edy quyt Dudng ddi chiing Id 6.02 mm, nhung giua cdy quyt Dudng khdng hpt md sd 80 khdng khdc bidt so vdi eav CO hdt md sd 63.
Hinh 3: Hoa cua cdc cay quyt Dudng klidng hpt vd cd hdt
1: hoa quyt Du&ng khdng hdt mi sd 1; 2: hoa quyt Du&ng khdng hdt mi sd 80 vi 3: hoa quyt Du&ng cd hdt mi sd63
Ngodi ra. kdt qua khdo sdt eung cho thdy hoa ciia edy quyt Dudng khdng hpt vd ed hdt ddu ed dang phdt hoa gdm nhieu hoa hodc chi ed mdt hoa (bidn
tdn ngpn, ddu Id hoa ludng tinh, bao phan mau vanj thdp hon so vdi nudm, sd canh hoa cung bien thiei Ui 4 = 6 ednh. Tuy nhidn. thudng 5 canh la pho biei (Hinh 3).
Qua k^t qud trinh bdy a trdn, cd the ket luan V(
ea bdn cdc ddc tinh hinh thai hoa giCra 2 cay quy Dudng khdng hdt Id gi6ng nhau va khong khac vo cdy quyt Dudng ed hdt.
d. Die tinh trii viphdin chdt trdi
* Die tinh tiii
Chi^u eao trdi trung binh cua cay fjuyt Durmg khdng hpt md s6 1 Id 5,73 cm, ma sd 80 la 5,59 cm va cdy quyt Dudng ed hdt md so 63 la 5.72 cm, khong co su khde bidt giira ede cdy. Tran The Tuc va Cs.
(1998) eho rdng trdi quyt Dircmg c6 chieu cao trung binh 5.5 cm vd dudng kinh trai 6,2 cm. Do day v6 trai bidn thidn tir 2,24 mm ddn 2,38 mm, khonjj c6 su khac bidt giiia cdc edy quyt Dudng khdng hot va co hot So mui/trdi vd sd 16 ddu/cm^ cung khdng co su khac biet giiia 2 edy quyt Dudng khdng hot vm nhau va vdi cay quyt Dudng cd hpt (Bang 3).
thien tir 1 - 10 hoa). mau trdng, mpc d ndch la hodc
Bdng 3: Kich thude, kh6i lupng, s6 miii vd s615 ddu/cm' ciia trdi quyt Dudng khdng hot va co hot Cdy quyt Dudng Cao trdi
(cm)
ROng trdi (cm)
Khdi lupng U-di(g)
Khdi lupng vd (g)
Ddy v6 (cm) I
Sd miii /ti-ai
Sd 16 dau /cm^
Khdng hot (md sd 1) 5,73± 0,35 6,61 ±0,50 127±17,7a 20,1± 1,81 a 0,238±0.03 10.83^0,99 102± 9,:
Khdng hot (md sd 80) 5,59±0,38 6,49±0,51 124± 19,9 a 19,2±2,98ab 0,23O±0,03 10.63± 1.03 102± 9.6 Cd hot (md sd 63) 5.72^0.35 5.93±0,34 107±7,8b I8.7±2,23b 0,224±0.04 10.53±0.90 104±IO,
Cic sd tiong cung mdt cdt dupc theo sau nhdng chd khic nhau thi khic biit cd y nghia bing kiem dinh so sinh cip Student test (P<0,05)
Chieu rdng trdi cua trdi quyt Dudng khdng hpt phu hpp vdi nhdn dinh eua PIKUH Hoang Ho (2003) md sd 1 vd md sd 80 ldn lupt la 6,61 mm vd 6,49 mm, vd Trdn Thupng Tudn vi Cs. (1999) ti-en ti-ai quyt cd su khdc bidt so vdi chi^u rpng cua trdi quyt Dudng Dudng binh thudng. Khi trai gan chin diep luc to dan ed hot md so 63 la 5,93 mm. Khoi lupng trdi trung binh ddn bi^n mat vd lye l^p chuyen Uiiuih sdc lap giau the eiia cay quyt Dudng khdng hot md sd 1 vd md sd 80 caroten vd ngo?u qua bi trd nen mong hon va khi chin ldn lupt la 127 g va 124 g, ed su khdc bidt so vdi khdi vo trdi cd mdu vang xanh, lang (Hinh 4).
lirpng eua edy quyt Dudng cd hpt md s6 63 la 107 g. ^
Khdi lupng vd trdi quyt Dudng khdng hdt md s6 1 vd £ H ^ md sd 80 ldn lupt Id 20,1 g vd 19.2 g. khdng cd sir khde i W W bidt, nhung cd su khdc bidt kh6i lupng vd trdi b edy
ma so 1 vdi cay ed hot md so 63 la 18,7 g. Nhirng si;
khde bidt trdn cd th^ la do ndng sudt ciia hai edy quyt Dudng khdng hpt md so 1 (23 kg) vd md sd 80 (20 kg) thdp hon ndng sudt cdy quyt Dudng cd hpt (28 kg).
K^t qua cung cho tiidy trdi ciia hai cdy quyt Duong khong hot ma so 1; 2: trii quyt Dudng khoM Dudng khdng hot va cay quyt Dudng cd hOt d^u cd hdt ma so 80 vi 3: trii quyt Dudng cd hot mi sd63 hinh dang giong nhau. Trdi cd dang trdn, to hoi dep. *Phdin chit trii
Day cd mim, dinh trdi hoi ldm. K^t qua khao sat cung
Hinh 4: Hinh d^ng trdi quyt Dirdng khdng hpt vd c6
hot
(a) m$t tiin trai vi (b) mit du&i tiii, 1: tiii qufi
20 NONG NGHIEP VA PHATTRIEN NONG
T H 6 N- KY 2 - THANG 11/2011
Ket qua d bang 4 cho thdy, ty Id tiiit qua eiia trdi quyt Dudng khdng hot ma so 1 la 84% khdng cd su khac bidt vdi cay ma so 80 la 84,5%. Nhung ea 2 cdy quyt Dudng khdng hot ma sd 1 va ma sd 80 cd ty Id dn dupc eao hon so vdi cay quyt Dudng ed hot doi chiing la 80,2%. Su khde bidt nay ed thd do tinh trang hoan todn khdng hot eiia hai cay quyt Dudng khdng hot ma sd 1 va ma sd 80. Thdng qua brix (%) ta ed thd danh gia dp ngpt eiia trai, dp brix tdng khi trdi chin do ham lupng dudng tong sd tdng, d^ brbc eiia trdi quyt Dudng bidn tiiidn ti-ong khoang 10,3% ddn 10,5%
khdng ed su khdc bidt giiia ede edy. Khdng ed khde bidt v^ pH dich trdi giira ba cdy dupc khao sdt. tri sd pH dich trai trung binh tir 3,60 - 3,62, kdt qud ndy cung giong ket luan ciia Tran Thupng Tudn vi Cs.
(1999) quyt Dudng binh thudng cd ti-i so pH la 3.6.
Mdt trong edc ehi tidu quan ti-png dd ddnh gid chat lupng trdi cam quyt la ham lupng vitamin C trong trdi; ham lupng vitamin C eiia trdi quyt Dudng khdng hpt md sd 1 Id 17.4 mg/100 g. ti-di khdng hpt ma so 80 la 17,9 mg/100 g vd ti-di cd hdt Id 17,7 mg/100 g, khdng cd su khde bidt giiia cdc edy. Khi trdi chin cd su thay doi mdu sdc do hai nguydn nhdn Id sir giam didp lue td vd ed su tdng hpp cdc sdc t6 mdi nhu carotenoid, lyeopene. anthoeyanin....Kdt qua khao sdt cho tiidy dd khdc mdu vd ti-di bidn tiiidn tir 57.19 ddn 58.15. khdng cd khdc bidt giira hai edy quyt Dudng khdng hdt vdi nhau vd vdi edy quyt Dudng ed hpt
Bang 4: Phdm c Cdy qu3H Dudng
Khdng hdt (ma sd 1) Khdng hot (md sd 80)
Cd hot (ma sd 63)
;hdt trdi, dd khdc mdu vd ciia trdi quyt Dudng khdng hdt Ty Id thit
qud(%) 84,0±2,17a 84,5± 1,65 a 80,2± 1,77 b
Brix(%)
10,3±0,29 10,5±0,49 10,4±0,36
pH
3,60±0,12 3,62±0,11 3,61±0,10
Vitamin C (rag/100 g)
17,4±1,04 17,9±2,04 17,7±2,21
vd cd hdt DO khdc mdu
vd U-di (AE) 57,54±1,57 58,15±1,88 57,19±2,65
Cic sd trong cdng mdt cdt dupc theo sau nhung chu khic nhau thi khic biit cd y nghia bing kiem dinh so sinh cip Student test (P<0,05)
Cdy quyt Dudng khdng hot ma sd 1 vd md sd 80 ^^t vd sd hdt lep Id 2,30 hpt Khdi lupng hot chdc la hodn todn khdng ed hot ndo ti-en ti-di. Trong khi dd d 2,51 g vd khdi lupng hpt lep la 0,23 g (Bang 5).
edy quyt Dudng ed hot sd hot chdc trung binh Id 8,37
Bang 5: Sd hdt vd khdi lupng hdt/trdi ctia trdi qu^t Dudng khdng hdt vd cd hdt t^i huydn Lai Vung - tinh D6ng Thdp
Cdy quyt E)udng Khdng hot (md sd 1) Khdng hot (ma sd 80)
Cd hot (md sd 63)
Sdhdt chdc/trdi 0,00 ± 0,00 b 0,00 ± 0,00 b 8,37 ±1,90 a
Sdhdtldp/U-di
0,00 ± 0,00 b 0,00 ± 0,00 b 2,3 ± 1,06 a
KL hot chdc (g)
0,00 ± 0,00 b 0,00 ± 0,00 b 2,51±0,49a
KLhdtldp(g)
0,00 ± 0,00 b 0,00 ± 0,00 b 0,23 ±0,17 a
Cicsd trong cung mdt cdt duoc theo sau nhung chu khic nhau thi khic biit cd y nghia bing kidm dinh so sinh cip Student test (P<0,05)
Mdu sdc thit trdi quyt Dudng khdng hdt vd ed hdt deu cd mdu cam, mdu thit trdi cd dp dong ddu nhau. Tim trdi hoi bpng, nudc trdi rat ngpt vd tiiom.
Ket qua nay ciing phu hpp vdi md td cua Trdn Thupng Tuan vi Cs. (1999) trdn trdi quyt Dudng binh thudng.
Qua ket qua U-inh bdy d frdn, cd tiid kdt ludn vd m, chi^u rdng tdn tu 2,4 - 2,62 m, dudng kinh gdc ea ban cdc ddc tinh hmh flidi vd phdm chat eii^ ti-di bi^n thidn trong khoang 14,3 15,9 em va cay cd giua 2 cay quyt Dudng khdng hot la gidng nhau va " ^ ^ ^udt tir 20 - 28 kg/cay. Theo Trdn Thd Tue vi
Cs. (1998), edy quyt Dudng binh tiiudng 5 ndm tudi khdng khde vdi cdy quyt Dudng ed hdt (trir tinh tr^ng hodn todn khdng hdt).
2. Mdt sd ddc tinh ndng hpc ciia 2 cd th6 q u ^ Dudng khdng hOt
Kdt qud khao sdt ndm 2008 dupc Uinh bdy d bang 6 cho tiiay, chidu eao cdy bien tiiidn tir 3,5 - 4,3
N 6 N G
NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN
N 6 N GTHON - KY 2 - THANG 11/2011 21
KHOA HQC C O N G NGHfi
dn dinh ed chi^u cao tiling binh Id 4,1 m vd dudng
kinh tdn trung binh Id 2.5 m.
Sau khi tiiu hoaeh trdi vu miia ndm 2008. cd dp dung ky tiiudt cdt tia. ndn kdt qud khdo sdt ndm 2009 (Bang 6) cho tiidy. cdy ed chi^u cao tiidp hon ndm Bdng 6: MQt sd ddc tinh ndng hpc ciia cdy qujH
Ndm 2008
igU
g kinh
Cdy quyt Dudng
2008 (bidn tiiidn tir 3.2 ddn 3.8 m). c' xu tiid rdng hon (tir 2.8 ddn 3.2 m).
bidn ddng Ur 15.4 ddn 16,7 cm vd n;^ idt khdr khdc bidt nhidu so vdi ndm 2008 (i i ^'2 ddn 2 ti-di/edy).
Dudng khdng hQt vd cd hQt qua hai ndm khdo sdt Chi^u
cao cdy (m)
Dudng kinh tdn
(m)
Dudng kinh gdc
(cm)
Ndng sudt trdl/cdy
(kg)
Ndm 2009 Chi^
cao cdy (m)
Ehidng kinh tdn
(ra)
Dudng kinh gdc
(cm)
Ndng trdi/
_ 0 q Khdng hot (md sd 1)
4,20 2.6215,50
23 3,70 3,2016,70
21Khdng hot (md sd 80)
3,50 2,4014,30
20 3.202.90 15.40
%Cd hpt (md sd 63)
4,302.51 15,90
28 3.80 2.8016,60
2!Cdc kdt qua trdn cho thdy khdng cd bidn ddng Kdt qud khdo sdt, theo ddi vd ghi nhdn v^
ldn giira hai cdy quyt Dudng khdng hdt vc'ri nhau vd tr^ng sd hdt trdn trdi cua 2 cdy quyt Dudng kl vdi edy quyt Dirdng ed hdt vd cdc ddc tinh ndng hpc hdt eho thdy tat ca sd trdi trong 3 ndm theo tudn Ur qua 2 ndm khao sdt. nhu chidu cao cdy (3,5 - (Bdng 7) d^u hodn todn khdng hdt, vdi ty Id 10051 4.3 m; 3.2 - 3.8 m). chi^u rdng tdn (2.4 - 2.62 m; 2,8 - dupc khao sdt hodn todn khdng hdt (khdng aS 3,2 m); dudng kinh goc (14,3 -15,9 em; 15.4 ddn 16.7 chdc vd cung khdng cd hdt ldp) trong di^u ki^n ti cm) vd ndng suat h-ai (20 28 kg/edy; 22 25 kg
trai/edy).
3. Si^ dn dinh tinh trying khdng hdt theo thdi gian ciia 2 cd thd quyt Dudng khdng hdt
vudn cd ti-6ng xen vdi cdc gidng cam quyt khac dd. cd thd kdt ludn, tinh t r ^ g hoan todn khdng eua 2 ed tiid quyt Dudng khdng hot la dn dinh I thdi gian trong didu ki$n ed trdng xen vdi cdc gi cam quyt khdc.
Bdng 7: Sd U-di khdo sdt, sd hdt chdc, sd hot ldp vd ty lO U-di hodn todn khdn«: hOt cua hai cAy quyt Duin khdng hot qua cdc ndm khdo sdt
Ndm 2007 2008 2009 Tdng
Cdy qujH: Dudmg khdng hOt (md sd 1) SdU-di
khdo sdt 150 180 120 450
SdhOt chdc/trd
i 0 0 0 0
SdhOt Idp/U-d
i 0 0 0 0
Ty 10 U-di khdng hot
(%)
100 100 100 100
Cdy quyt E>tr6ns SdU^
khdo sdt 140 160 100 400
SdhOt chdc/tii
i 0 0 0 0
didnghOt SdhOt l^p/drdi
0 0 0 0
(mflsdSO) l y 10 trdi khdng hot
(%)
100 100 100 100
IV. KET LUAN
Kdt qua khao sdt cho thdy: Ngoai trir tinh tr^ng hodn todn khdng hpt, cdc ddc tinh hinh thdi thi/c vdt nhu than, la, hoa vd trdi ddu gidng nhau giira hai cdy quyt Dudng khdng hot va eung khdng khdc bidt vdi quyt Dudng cd hot. Khdng ed bidn dOng ldn giiia hai edy quyt Dudng khdng hpt vdi nhau vd vdi cdy quyt Dudng cd hpt vd cdc ddc tinh ndng hpc tudn tvr qua 2 ndm khaq sat, nhu chidu cao cdy (3,5 - 4,3 m; 3,2 - 3,8 m), chidu rdng tan (2,4 - 2,62 m; 2,8 3,2 m);
dudng kinh gdc (14,3 15,9 cm; 15,4 16,7 cm) vd ndng suat frai (20 - 28 kg/cay; 22 25 kg U-di/edy).
Tinh trang hoan toan khdng hOt ciia hai cay quyt
Dudng khdng hOt dq dinh theo thoi gian (3 ndmtl ddi lidn U^c) trong didu kiOn c6 trong xen v6i gidng cam quyt khdc (100% U-di hoan toan khongl khdng cd hot chdc vd cQng khOng c6 hOt ldp).
T^U^UTHAMNHAO.
1. BO NOng nghiOp vd PTNT, 2006. C&ydst Nxb Ndng NghiOp Thdnh phd H6 Chi Minh. Tr.21
224. I 2. Dudfng Hdng D$t, 2000. Ngh41im vudac
qua ba miin. Nxb Vdn hda Gido ( ^Q Hd NOI 1 109.
22
NONG NGHlf P VA PHAT TRIEN NONG
T H 6 N- KY 2 -
THANG11/i
3. Ha Thi Ld Anh. 2005. Giio tiinh hinh tiiii giii phiu tiiuc vat Trudng Dai hpc Can Tha. Tr:l-193.
4. Nguydn Bao Vd va Ld Thanh Phong. 2003.
Ciy Cam Quyt Trong giao trinh cdy da nidn. Phdn 1:
Cay dn ti-ai. Trudng Dai hpc Can Tha. Tr: 45-88.
5. Nguydn Bao Vd. Ld Vinh Thiic. Nguydn Bd Phli. Nguyen Viet Khdi. Nguydn Thi Thu Ddng.
Phiing Thi Thanh Tdm. Ldm Ngpc Phuang. Nguydn Ngpc Tuydt Bdi Thi Cam Hudng. Luu Thdi Danh.
Pham Thi Phuang Thao vd Pham Diic Tri. 2007. Ung dting cdng nghi cao tiong chpn, tao gidng cam Sinh (Citrus nobilis hoxxr) vi quyt Du&ng (Citrus reticulata Blanco^) khdng hdt cd ning suit vi phdm chit cao. Bdo cdo khoa hpc dd tdi nghidn ciiu khoa hpc cap tinh. Sd Khoa hpc vd Cdng nghd Vinh Long.
77 trang.
6. Pham Hodng Hd. 2003. Ciy cd Viit Nam.
'Quven II. hi lan tiiii hai. Nxb Tre. Tr: 432.
7. Tran Thd Tuc, Cao Anh Long, Pham Vdn Cdn, Hoang Ngpc Thuan. Dodn Thd Lu. 1998. Giio tiinh ciy in qua. Trudng Dai hpc Ndng Nghidp I. Nxb Ndng nghidp Hd Ndi. Tr: 106-137.
8. Tran Thupng Tudn. Nguydn Bao Vd. Ld Thi Xua. Nguyen Thi Xudn Thu. Ld Thanh Phong.
Nguydn Hdng Phii. Ld Vinh Thiic vd Biii Vdn Timg.
1999. Dieu tia, thu tii$p, bio tdn vi danh gii mdt sd gidng ciy in qua die sin cua cic tinh ddng bing sdng Cuv Long. Bdo cdo khoa hpc dd tdi nghidn ciiu cdp Bp. Khoa Ndng nghidp. Trudng Dai hpc Can Tha. Tr: 6-67.
9. IPGRI. 1999. Descriptors for Citrus.
International Plant Genetic Resources Institute.
Rome. Italy, p: 28-51.
10. Randhav^ra G. S.. N. Nath. and S. S. Chondhury.
1961. Floral morphology and biology. In Biology of Citrus. Cambride University Press 1996. p: 81.
EVALUATING MORPHOLOGICAL, AGRICULTURAL AND STABLE SEEDLESS TRAITS (THROUGH TIME) OF TWO INDIVIDUAL SEEDLESS "DUONG" MADARIN TREES IN
MEKONG DELTA
Nguyen Ba Phu, Nguyen Bao Ve, Tran Thi Bich Van Sumamiy
In 2007. scientists at Cantho University discovered two Duong mandarin trees with seedless fruits in Mekong delta. To multiply the seedless "Duong"' mandarin trees for the mass growing, this research was carried out (i) to compare morphological traits, (ii) to record some agronomic traits, and OiO to evaluate the stability of seedless traits through time. The results show that except the seedless trait, other morphological traits, such as trunk, leaves, flowers and fruits, of two individual seedless "Duong" mandarin trees are the same and thefr straits are not different from those of seedy "Duong" mandarin trees. There has not been much change in agronomical traits, such as plant height (3.5 - 4.3 m; 3.2 - 3.8 m). canopy diameter (2.4 - 2.62 m; 2.8 - 3.2 m). root diameter (14.3 - 15.9 cm; 15,4 - 16.7 cm) and yield (20 - 28 kg of fruits/tree; 22 - 25 kg of fruits/tree), between these two individual seedless "Duong" mandarin trees and the seedy "Duong" mandarin trees during two-year observation. The seedless trait of two individual seedless
"Duong" mandarin trees was stable through time (3- year time of continuous observation) when they were planted among other kinds of citrus (all the fruits are seedless; there is no firm seed or empty seed).
Keywords: "Vuong"mandarin, seedless. Citrus, morphologic.
Ngudi phdn biOn: PGS.TS. Ngd Xudn Binh
f^G^HG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN N 6 N G THON - KY 2 - THANG 11/2011 23