Dac trung van hoa cua ngiroi E-de bieu hien qua cau true so sanh trong su* thi Dam San
Lai Thi Van'*'
Tom tat: Su thi Dam Sdn duac xem Id "bg bdch khoa todn thu" cua nguoi E-de thai co dgi. Qua cdu true so sdnh trong sic thi Dam Sdn, bice tranh todn cdnh sinh dgng vi doi song lao dgng, chinh phuc thien nhien, dai song vdn hoa tinh thdn, quan niem nghi thugt cua nguoi E-di co dgi duac tdc gid ddn gian miiu td mot cdch chdn thuc. Ldy ngic lieu trong sic thi Dam Sdn, ngi dung bdi viet Idm noi bat mgt so dac trung vdn hoa cua nguoi E-di biiu hien qua cdu true so sdnh trong bg sic thi ndy.
Tir khoa: Van hda truyenthdng, Dac trung van hda, Cau tnic so sanh, Sii thi Dam Sdn Abstract: The Great Epic of Sir Dam San is believed to be the ancient Ede people's
"encyclopedia ", lively reflecting their labour life, nature conquering, cultural and spiritual life and viewpoints of art at that time. With the given linguistic materials represented by the comparison structures in this epic, the paper highlights some of the Ede people's cultural characteristics.
Keywords: Traditional Culture, Cultural Characteristics, Comparison Structure, The Great Epic of Sir Dam San
I. S a t van de
Sii thi Dam Sdn la biic tranh phan anh toan canh ve tdc ngudi E-de, tii nghi le truyen thdng, phong tuc tap quan den sinh hoat ddi thudng. Dudi gdc do ngdn ngii hgc, qua cau tnic so sanh trong sir thi Dam Sdn, cac dac tnmg van hoa cua ngudi E-de dugc bieu hien mgt each ro net, tir khdng gian sinh boat vdi nhirng ngdi nha dai, ben nude, nucmg ray den trang phuc, tin ngudng, phong tuc tap quan, van hoa ling
"'' ThS., Vien Khoa hpc xa hpi vung Tay Nguyen;
Email: ]aivan719@gmail com
xir... deu dugc mieu ta mgt each ehan thue, sinh ddng. Bai viet khdng ehi dung lai d su mieu ta tren be mat cau true ciia su so sanh, ma edn d be sau eau tnic ham an bang thao tac suy y cua ngir nghia hgc, qua do nit ra mgt sd dac trung van hda cua ngudi E-de qua bg sir thi Ddm Sdn.
IL Cau true so sanh trong su- thi Ddm Sdn the hien dac trung van hoa ciia nguoi E-de
1. Vdn hoa nong nghiep
* Nghi le ndng nghiep
Nghi le ndng nghiep la mgt trong hai he thong nghi le Idn cua ddng bao E-de (ben canh nghi le vdng ddi ngudi). Trong he thdng nghi le ndng nghiep co cac nghi
Thdng tin Khoa hgc xa hoi, so 6.201S le nhd tuong ling vdi chu ky eua mgt mua
nuong rly (ehu ky cua mgt vdng eay liia) nhu: ll tim ddt, le cao cd, le ciing liia gidng, 16 tria liia, 16 tudt liia, le an com mdi, ll din liia vao kho... Mac dii cae nghi le ndng nghiep khdng dugc phan anh rd net trong sir thi Ddm Sdn, song thdng qua nhimg le hdi mimg nam mdi ciing phang phdt bong dang cua le hdi com mdi, le hgi mimg mua vu - nhiing bieu hien cua nghi le ndng nghiep.
Le tim dat {Ngd yang hma) thudng bat dku vao khoang thang 11 duong lich, ngudi E-de len rimg tim mgt khoanh dat tdt, lay la danh dku, cam xa gac, trd ve, dem nam chd mong, ngay hdm sau nhd dan lang d6n giup phat ray va ciing mgt che rugu. Sau khi ray dugc dgn sach, hg lam 16 tria lua (Buh mdii). Le tria liia dugc ti6n hanh tren ray vao thang 4 - 5 ducmg lieh; le vat eiing gdm mgt che rugu, mgt con ga dugc che bi6n thanh mgt dTa thit ga cd day dii cac bd phan nhu tim, gan, canh, ngng; chu nha lay mau ga bdi vao hat liia dem di tria. Ngudi E-de hanh le vdi y nghia xin phep th^n Ray (Yang hma) cho phep gia dinh tria liia va mgt sd loai hat nhu ngd, bau, bi, ca, dt..., eau xin than giir gin hat gidng dl hat nay mam deu.
Den mua thu hoach, ngudi E-d6 lam ll tudt Ilia (Puot mdii) de xin phep than lua, than ray duge thu hoach lua va ddn thin lua v6 vdi le vat la mgt eon ga, hai bat com, mgt che rugu. "Lai het may lan trang lan, trang mgc niia. Liia tr6n nuong da chin, ngd ngoai riy da gia. Anh em Dam Di ggi trai lang ciing di gat liia, be ngd... Ngudi gat, ngudi cong liia ve nha, top be ngo, giii ngd ve choi, ke hai do, hai ke vl phoi kin san dky san". Khi nhiing hat liia dJiu tien da dugc mang v6, ngudi E-de td chiic le an com mdi (Hda isei mrdo). Sau khi lua tren
riy da dugc tudt toan bd, ngudi ta se lam ll dan Ida vao kho (Ngd yang Troc mdii). Ll vat gdm mgt eon ga va mgt che rugu, vdi loi khan cau hdn liia se d lai vdi gia dinh de kho Ilia ludn day va khdng hi hu hong, mua mang bdi thu, ngudi va sue vat dugc no du.
Cac le mimg nam mdi, eiing b6n nude, cau chiic siic khde, le cudi, 16 bd ma... cung thudng tiln hanh vao khoang thdi gian nay.
Chinh nhiing le hgi ndi tiep nhau nhu vay da tao n6n "mua an nam udng thang" eiia ngudi E-d6.
Trudc day, canh tae nuong ray ciia ddng bao E-de phu thudc nhi6u vao thdi ti6t. Do vay, hg dat niem tin vao dang than linh si6u nhien huyen bi vdi siic manh sieu hinh cd th6 giiip dd con ngudi trong cugc sdng va trong lao ddng san xuat, hg quan niem mgi vat trong the gian deu cd linh hon (theo thuyet "van vat hihi linh"). Dac biet trong san xuat ndng nghiep, mgt he thdng tin ngudng ndng nghiep truyen thdng da hinh thanh va duge duy tri den ngay nay.
Day la mgt he thdng tin ngudng da than, gdm eac vi than linh chuyen trach trdng coi cac van de lien quan d6n san xuat ndng nghi?p nhu: Than trdi (Yang) - vi than linh tdi thugng, sau den than lua (Yang Mdii), than dat (Yang Ldn), than nude (Yang Ea)... Ngoai ra, cdn rat nhi6u vi than va cae linh hdn khac cd lien quan den canh tac nong nghiep nucmg ray nhu; than rirng, than ray, than gid, than sdng-sudi, than mua, than sam-chdp, than bin nude, than nha rdng,... Va cac linh hdn nhu: hdn liia, hdn ngd, hdn ke, hdn mi, hdn dua, hon dau, hdn bau, hdn bi... Tat ca he thdng cac than linh va linh hdn nay deu trd thanh nhiing hat nhan tin nguong trong cac phong tuc va nghi 16 ndng nghiep cua ngudi E-de ndi rieng va ddng bao cac dan tgc d Tay Nguyen ndi ehung tir bao ddi nay.
Sacu-ung van noa.. 39 Ciing tir dd ma md tip so sanh tinh each
con ngudi vdi hinh anh eua mgt sd con vat, hoac hinh anh cua mgt sd loai thyc vat (nhu eay cdi, hoa, eii, qua,...) xudt hien. Trong sir thi Ddm Sdn, ve dep cua hai nang H'NT, H'BhT duge so sanh vdi nhiing hinh anh h i t siic bmh di: "Mat hai nang sang nhu hoa mudp ddng trong rimg, cdm sang nhu hoa cai, than the me diic bang dng (...). Tay deo vdng bac, budc di diu dang nhu con trau cai mdi de mgt eon" (Vien Khoa hge xa hdi Viet Nam, 2006: 813).
* Tap quan di rimg
Trong sir thi Ddm Sdn, tuc di rimg the hien ve dep tri tue va sire manh ciia ngudi E-d6 trong viee kham pha, chinh phue niii rimg thien nhien himg vT, the hien siic manh, tai nang va uy tin cua ngudi tii trudng. Ngudi E-de sdng ciing rimg (Georges Condominas, 2008), coi rimg vd ciing thieng lieng chii khdng coi rimg chi la tai nguyen de lay thirc an, rimg khdng phai la vat vd tri vd giae ma ed linh hdn. Tir hdn da, eai cay den nggn sudi deu cd linh hdn, d6u CO siic sdng. Hg tuong tac vdi rimg, coi rimg la than thanh (nen hg cdn cd tuc eiing rimg), song, rimg cung nhu mgt thanh vien trong xa hgi, bdi hg xem tu nhien nhu la mgt eau phan quan trgng trong ddi sdng eon ngudi.
Ngoai mue dich sinh k6, san ban, tim kiem cay gd va luong thyc, ngudi E-de di rung cdn vdi muc dich kham pha sy bi an ciia niii rimg, tim den vimg dat giau cd, sdng sudi trong lanh de dyng nha lap budn mdi. Thdi gian di rung ciia hg thudng keo dai tir mgt thang den nam, bay thang, cd khi keo dai h6t ca nam: "Dam San d trong rimg sau hit ngay nay d6n thang kia van khdng chiu v6. Gao h6t sai ngudi ve lay, tiia rSy da chin sai ngudi ve gat, neu nhd budn lang thi ve tham mgt, hai ngay Ba thang
da trdi qua. Dam San van mai m6 san bat thu rimg" (Vien Khoa hgc xa hdi Viet Nam, 2006: 1023-1024). Mdi i k Dam San di san thi "Nghin ngudi di trudc nghin ngudi theo sau, cdn chang Dam San di giiia". Canh di riing trong sir thi Ddm Sdn dugc mieu ta vdi hiimg hyc khi the eua dan lang: "ddng nudm nugp nhu bay ca-tong'*', nghin nghit nhu bay thieu than, lin un nhu kien nhu mdi" (Nguyen Hihi Thdu, 2003: 35).
Di rimg vira la sinh ke, vira la mgt phong tuc dep cua ngudi E-de, phan anh sy vuon len cua con ngudi, tir chd cui dau quy phuc trudc niii rimg hoang da den chd ty khang dinh minh trudc thi6n nhien vu tru. Vdi tuc di rimg, chimg ta thay hien I6n hinh anh ve cugc sdng cdng ddng ddng vui, ve sy gan bd giiia ca nhan vdi tap the, giua mgi ngudi trong eong ddng vdi nhau, va giira con ngudi vdi thien nhien, ddng thdi cung phan anh sy giao tranh quyet liet giua con ngudi nhd be vdi thien nhi6n hung vT.
2. Vdn hoa ung xu
* Tuc ti6p khach va van hoa rugu can Cd the ndi, ndi bat nhat ve van hda img x\x trong sir thi E-de ndi chung va sir thi Ddm Sdn ndi ri6ng la tuc tiep khach. Day la mgt phong tue dep, the hien cugc sdng sinh hoat vui tuoi lanh manh, day Idng hieu khach ciia ddng bao E-de.
Trong cugc sdng sinh boat eong ddng eiia ngudi E-d6, khi cd khach den choi, ehii nha se mac nhiing bd quan ao dep nhat ra ehao ddn, trd chuyen, sau dd mdi khach d lai an com, udng rugu. Cd khi hg sai tdi td danh cdng chieng bao tin cho dan lang va mdi dan lang den giiip viec lam coro, giet trau, thui bd, bat ga, khieng rugu, miia hat
'"' ca-tong (tieng E de la trong) co nghTa la qua ca dang, dugc tac gia dan gian sir dung nhu mot hinh thuc so sanh Hen tuong, uac le...
Thong tin Khoa hgc xa hoi. so 6.2Q1S
mimg khach quy. "Khach khua, dan lang d i n nha Dam San udng rugu ddng nhu dan ong di ldy mat, nhu ong vd ve hiit nhi hoa, tilng ngudi dm i ddy nha, trai gai ddng nhu con chuon chuin nude". Dam San siia soan kho ao mdi d l ra tilp khaeh: "Dam San thay k h i cii, qudn khd mdi. Ao nay chua vira Idng, chang lay ao khac. Chang quan mgt khi sge rdn gap bo mui, mac mgt ao gai niit" (Ngd Diic Thinh, 1993: 22).
Rugu cdn doi vdi ngudi Tay Nguyen vira la san vat vua la le vat. Rugu can cd mat mgi luc mgi noi trong ddi sdng sinh boat xa hdi, ddi sdng tinh cam, tam linh ciia mdi gia dinh hay ciia cdng ddng. Dac biet, trong eae nghi le ciia ngudi E-d6, rugu can dong vai trd la le vat hang dau dang len Yang, cac vi than linh, dng ba td tien.
Trong sir thi, chung ta lien tuc bat gap su xuat hien cita ehe rugu can trong mgi sinh boat ciia ngudi E-de. Khi tiep dai khach, rugu can bi6u hien cho long hiiu khaeh ciia chii nha. Rugu can ciing la le vat Cling than linh trudc khi di hdi ching:
"Th6 la ngudi ta lay rugu mgt che tuk, ga trong mgt con de lam 16 cao thdn, cao td tien, cao linh hdn cac vi tu trudng xua cii"
(Nguyen Hiiu Thdu, 2003: 76); va trong 16 cudi: "Che tuk, che ba da u ddy com rugu, trau bd da nhot trong chudng. Hai ben da hen ngay lanh thang tdt d l rude r l " (Vien Khoa hgc xa hdi Viet Nam, 2006: 95).
* Tuc gai hdi chdng
Xa hgi co truy6n ciia ngudi E-de la xa hgi m l u he, chinh vi vay, ehl do m l u he chi phdi ddi sdng hon nhan, gia dinh, ddng hg va ca eong d i n g ngudi E-de. Theo do, ngudi eon gai ehu dgng di hdi va cudi chdng, sau khi k i t hdn se cu tni b6n nha vg. Day la net van hda thi hien rd vai trd eua ngudi phu nii E-de trong hdn nhan truyen thdng.
Ngudi E-d6 thudng cd tuc 16, khi y6u nhau, ngudi con gai thudng ngd Idi trude, n6u dugc chang trai nhan Idi thi tu tay cd gai cdi chuoi cudm va ehiee cdng trao cho chang trai de lam cua tin, rdi vai ngay sau cd gai mdi nhd ngudi den hdi va td chiie 16 cudi chdng. Dd la di6m tao bao, net tinh each rieng biet doe dao eua ngudi phu nir E-de khi the hien tinh yeu, khi hdi chong va xay dyng hanh phiic gia dinh, la eai dep hdn nhi6n, chan that cua ngudi phu nii E-de truyen thdng.
Trong cac ban trudng ca, ngoai hinh thiic trao vdng, giii chuoi cudm cho nhau, cdn cd the thay sy md ta ciia cac nghe nhan dan gian ve 16 hdi chdng day tinh tii va soi dgng nhu 16 hdi chdng eua hai nang H'Ni va H'BhT. Hai nang nhd ngudi nha den hoi cudi Dam San nhieu lan khdng dugc nen tu cudi voi d6n hdi. Vdi nhiing Idi nggt ngao cua trai tim, nhiing Idi ed canh ciia tam long yeu thucmg chan that, va sac d?p khdng ai sanh bang, hai nang da thuy6t phyc dugc chang Dam San lam chdng. Trudc ve dep cua hai ngudi con gai. Dam San cd sy so sanh thu vi: "Trong lite do. Dam San diing ngam Ho Nhi va H o Ang, thay H o Nhi dep ban Ho Ang ba ngdn tay; ngam Ho Ang va Ho Bhi, thay H o Ang dep hon Ho Bhj ba ngdn tay; ngam Ho Bhi va Ho Li, thay Ho Bhi dep hon H o Li ba ngdn tay; lai ngdm Ho Li va Hbia Di6t Kluich thi thdy Ho Li ciing dep hon Hbia Di6t Kluich ba ngdn tay" (Nguyin Hiiu Thdu, 2003: 18).
So vdi eac cd gai khae, H'Ni van la ngudi con gai dep nhat trong mat chang Dam San:
"Nhung so vdi H'NT, Hbia Ling Pang kem chin ngdn tay" (Vien Khoa hgc xa hgi Viet Nam, 2006: 1068). H'Ni ndi vdi cbing sip cudi ciia minh: "Chung ta that bdng vai phai Ilia nhu dng t6n va miii ten" (Nguyen Him Thdu, 2003: 91).
Bae tfumg ^asa aioa... 41
* Tap quan xem bdi
Ngudi E-d6 quan niem "van vat hiiu linh" va cd niem tin manh liet vao cac luc lugng sieu nhien, nen khi lam viee trgng dai, hg deu ciing than linh "Ciing rdi, doan ngudi ra di tiie khac, ngudi ddng nudm nugp nhu bay ca-tong" (Nguyen Hiiu Thau, 2003: 87), eau xin thdn linh dan duong chi loi de hg hoan thanh cdng viec cua minh. Ben canh do, hg edn cd tuc bdi ehan ga nhirng khi chuan bi lam eac viee quan trgng nhu: hdi chdng, mua ban ldn, tim dat dung lang... Trudc khi di hoi chdng cho H'Ni va H'BhT, Y Dhing da ndi:
"chiing ta hay lam 16 cao td tien, cao than, cung linh hdn eae tu trudng xua cu rugu mgt che tuk, ga trdng mgt con" (Nguyen HimThau,2003:6).
Ngoai ra, ngudi E-de cdn cd loi boi la de xin am duong trong tuc lam phep cau cho ngudi ch6t dugc sdng lai. Dam San da dimg loi bdi nay de xin am ducmg khi eau cho H'NT, H'BhT va Y Suh, Y Sab sdng lai:
"Tdi xin lay la tdi chap lai va tdi gieo, xin dugc mgt sap mgt ngua. Xin eac dng ban on tai tao eho ngudi ciia tdi ehet ea tram ca nghin nay dugc sdng lai, cho ngudi ciia tdi ch6t hang loat nay dugc hdi lai" (Nguy6n Hihi Thdu, 2003: 94).
Nhiing each ling xir ay th6 hien niem tin tam linh ciia ngudi E-de vdi cac dang than linh, hg quan niem rang than linh cd the mang lai cugc sdng tdt dep cho eon ngudi. Ngoai ra hg cdn eo mgt sd kieng ki nhu, khi dang thu hoach lua ray, hg edm ngudi lang khac di tat qua ray eiia hg; hoac khi di rung, trong thdi gian d rimg nhirng ngudi khai thac ngudn lgi thien nhien khdng dugc ndi tuc, nem dat da xudng nude, cdn nhiing ngudi vg d nha nlu ed khach den choi khdng dugc tilp rugu, ca hat, nhay miia. Hg tin rang neu vi pham nhiing dilu
kieng ki tren thi ngudi di rirng se hi than linh trach phat.
3. Tri thicc ddn gian
Tri thiie dan gian la nhung kinh nghiem lau ddi dugc nhan dan due ket tu thuc tien, thudng duge trinh bay bang ngdn ngii nghe thuat, vi th6 hap dan ngudi dgc, ngudi nghe, d6 phd biln va tilp thu, cd siie sdng lau ben vdi thdi gian.
Sdng trong mdi trudng ed sy gan giii vdi ddng - thue vat, ngudi E-de chiu sy tac ddng sau sac cua thien nhien. Hg chu y quan sat hanh ddng, ti6ng keu cua eac con vat eiing nhu thdi quen cua chung nham thuan lgi eho viec san bat. Hang ngay lam viec tren nuong ray, gan gui vdi thien nhien, ddng bao quan sat cac hien tugng thien nhi6n va diic k6t thanh kinh nghiem phuc vu cude sdng cua minh, hg mugn hinh anh bong hoa va tieng chim de vi vdi nhip di cua thdi gian, eiia mua mang tren nucmg ray.- Cay truk tro bong Id vdo miia kho; Con mai gut keu la mua phdt ray; Trdi ddu da chin Id miia gieo hgt; Bay vet keu Id miia tudt lua.
Nhi6u kinh nghiem san xuat tir thuc te da dugc ddng bao tdng ket trong Klei du6*'*.
Kinh nghiem canh tac: Phia Bac trong du du, phia Nam trong dica. Kinh nghiem cai tao dat: Ddt trdng thi dao lin ddt den thi dao xuong. Mgt bai hgc qua Klei du6: Bdp khong ddy hgt Id do thieu nuac; Miia nang thi trong bdp vung thdp.
Klei due ve kinh nghiem thdi ti6t san xuat la nhiing bai hgc bd ich thiet thyc trong euge sdng lao ddng nuong ray ciia ngudi E-de. Dd la nhiing kinh nghiem dan gian dugc phd bi6n qua cac the he va luon
'*' Klei due la loi noi van - mpt the loai hat noi ciia ngudi E-de.
Thong tin Khoa hgc xa hgi. sd 6.201S dugc bli dip phong phii. Ddng bao cdn
can eii vao tilng ve keu, bao hieu chuan bi budc vao mua lam vu ray mdi: "Hai ba mudn di tim dng Dam San di kilm dgt may bdp ehudi da ca thang nam, ve glut ve t6 lai da k6u mgt mua mdi ma van chua thay ve"
(Nguyen Hihi Thdu, 2003: 59).
Cac vi hi trudng, anh hung - ngudi diing ddu bg toe cd vai trd la ngudi "lanh dao", ngudi hudng dan cdng ddng san xuat, t^o nen nhiing chi6n cdng trong lao ddng.
Ngudi thii ITnh dan dat budn lang di khai pha vung dat mdi, lap budn lang va day hg canh tac theo kinh nghiem lau ddi de lai:
"Noi khuat gid nay de trdng dua/ Dat bang nay d6 tia bap ngd/ Dau khe kia ta gieo thudc la/ Ta trdng chudi liic trang mdi len/
Ta trdng mia sau khi trang trdn".
De do ngay tinh thang, ngudi E-de dya vao qua trinh sinh trudng, phat trien eiia cac loai cay cd, chim mudng. Dac biet, hg tinh thdi gian bang each dya vao viec xae dinh vi tri cua mat trdi va mat trang. Thdng thudng hg nhin vao mat trdi dl bilt dd la sang, trua hay tdi. Budi sang, hg thudng vi vdi: "Suong sdm chua tan, mat trdi chua day", "trang chua di, sao edn mgc" hoac
"suong dem cudm cho hoa ed vua di tron anh mat trdi". Buli trua ddi vdi hg la "liie niat trdi diing bdng", "mat trdi diing dinh dau". Cdn budi chilu: "Mat trdi xudng dudi xa dgc, Ian thdp dudi xa ngang, anh nang triim khap ddi thap, nui eao" rdi "tir hi nga minh xudng niii"... Din khi "mat trdi di chao hoa cd, khi sao chua di thdp den tren nui" la liic giao thdi giiia chieu va tdi.
D6 dien ta thdi gian mgt ngay da di qua, ngudi E-de xua thudng ndi: "tir khi mat trdi mgc din khi mat h-di lan". Con "miia trang len, trang het", "trang lan, trang mgc" la each ndi ehi thdi gian cua mgt thang, "miia
hoa nd, chim non rii canh trudc td" la chi thdi gian eua mgt miia. Neu lau hon niia, hg lai dya vao qua trinh phat trien cua dgng - thuc vat de tmh: "tir liic cay tre cdn choi dudi dat den liic nggn eua nd da cong lai diu dang nhu mgt la tranh, va dua day tren trdi vdi gid".
4. Tuc noi ddy (cui nui)
Tam ly tdc ngudi E-d6 cd nhung net rieng biet, khdng gidng vdi eac toe ngudi khac, dieu dd dugc the hien kha rd net qua cac tap tuc, dac biet la tuc cue nu^''^.
0 su thi Ddm Sdn, anh hung Dam San va H'NT la ddi vg ehdng nui. Q phan dau eua khan Ddm Sdn, khi ba H'Bia Klu ch6t, ddng hg ben H'T^JT thay the ba bang chau cho dng Mtao Kia, H'^lT cdn nhd chua thyc hien dugc viec "ke ti6p gidng ndi", ong Mtao Kia da cham sdc H'NT nhu nhiing diia chau khac, khi ngudi "vg nue" nay cita dng Mtao Kia thanh thieu nii thi cung I^ luc dng "mat da md tdc bac, nhu tau la da heo hon", khdng the lam ehdng H'NT dugc, n6n dng da chgn Dam San ndi day thay minh:
"Nay dng da dau bac mat md, nhu dieu thude da tan, khdng mong gi rdi day dng cdn lay chau dng dugc niia. Khi nuong da can, ray da cdi, cay da do, gd da muc, dng da gia ma hai chau da ldn khdn thi hai ehau phai lay nhau".
Ngay sau khi nghe tin H'dng sinh mgt cau con trai, H'!NT liln nhd cac anh sang
'*' Tuc cue nue la rapt kieu tap quan hon nhan (quy dinh cho chi em vg va anh em chfing) co truySn thong tir xa xua, trong truong hgp ching chit, nguoi phu nii CO quyen doi hoi nha ching phai thi mpt nguoi em trai chong de lam chSng minh. Nguac lai, neu nguai vg chet, chong nguoi phu nu ky co thi liy em gai vo (em mot hoac em ho cua vo) dl nli noi.
Ngoai ra, tuc cue nue nay con vugt ra ngoai pham vi kieu hon nhan anh em chong hoac chi em vg (nguoi trong dong hi? vg ho3c ching dl lam nue).
£ a c trung vzin hoa.. 43 nha H'dng hdi con trai H'dng tiep tuc ndi
sgi day hdn nhan cdn dang dd ciia Dam San: "Ram nha g l y thi phai thay rdm khac, giat san nat thi phai giam lai eho lanh, ngudi nay chet thi phai chap vao bang mgt ngudi khae... Vay xin ehi cho ti6p chiing tdi mgt ngudi chdng, ehiing tdi xin ehi mgt ngudi nue" (Nguyin Hihi Thau, 2003: 77).
Tuc cui nui khdng nhiing tim lai sy trgn ven ciia gia dinh mau he, tao dieu kien eho con tre khdng bi khiing hoang ve tinh cam, tam ly ma cdn bao ve eua cai vat chat, bao ve gia dinh mau he. Theo hg, ed nhu vay thi gia dinh mdi khdng bi "dirt day", ngudi con lai "khdng bi le ddi don chiec".
Neu xet tren binh dien xa hdi hgc thi Uic cui nue chua ban la lac hau va cdn mang tinh nhan van trong viec bao ve sy ben viing trong hdn nhan, ddng thdi bao ve quyen lgi ben ddng me, ciing cd nghia bao ve quyen lgi ciia ngudi phu nii.
i n . Thay loi ket
Cd the ndi, so sanh la bi?n phap dugc sir dung phd bi6n trong ngon ngii ciia ngudi E-de ndi rieng, ddng bao nhieu toe ngudi thieu sd ndi chung d Viet Nam. Qua bien phap so sanh, cac dac trung van hda eiia ngudi E-d6 trong sir thi Ddm Sdn dugc bieu hien mgt each chan thyc va sinh ddng. Sir thi Ddm Sdn da hinh thanh y thiie va tinh cam cdng ddng viing ben ciia ngudi E-de.
De giii gin va phat huy ban sac van hda ciia ngudi E-de ndi ri6ng va eac dan
tdc Tay Nguyen ndi ehung, trudc het can suu tdm, td chiie bien soan eiing nhu bao tdn, luu giir, phat huy va truyen lai each k6 sir thi (kl khan). Hien nay, trong budn lang cac dan tdc Tay Nguyen, viec dem dem dan lang tu tap ve nha rdng hay eong ddng nghe gia lang hat ke khan da thua vang, Idp ngudi ke tuc cdng viec cua cac nghe nhan ciing vang bdng. Gan day, viec truyen day ke khan trong cac budn lang da dugc td chiic lai. Day la viec lam thiet thyc trong viec giii gin va phat huy nhung gia tri van hda cd truyen, hem niia, nham xiic tien de nghi Unessco cdng nhan sir thi Tay Nguy6n la di san van hda phi vat the • Tai lieu tham khao
1. Georges Condominas, (2008), Chung toi an rimg (Dich gia : Tran Thi Lan Anh, Phan Nggc Ha, Trinh Thu Hong, Nguyen Thu Phuong; Nguyen Nggc hieu dinh), Nxb. The gidi. Ha Ngi.
2. Nguyen Huu Thau (Sim tam, bi6n dich, ehinh ly, 2003), Sic thi Edi - Khan Ddm Sdn vd Khan Ddm Kteh Mian, Tap II, Nxb. Chinh tri qudc gia, Ha Ngi.
3. Ngd Diic Thinh (1993), Vdn hoa ddn gian E-di, Nxb. Van hda dan tdc.
Ha Ndi.
4. Vien Khoa hgc xa hdi Viet Nam (2006), Kho tdng sic thi Tay Nguyin (Su thi Ede - Ddm Sdn), Nxb. Khoa hgc xa hdi.
Ha Ndi.