Danh gia chat lu'dng
giang vien nganh kinh te cac tru'dng dai hoc cong lap tren dia ban TP. Ha Noi
NGO QUANG TRCfCJNG' Tom t^t
Nghien cffu dUOc thffc hiin nham ddnh gid chdt luang gidng vien ngdnh kinh ti'(GVNKT) tai cdc trudng dgi hgc cdng ldp (DHCL) trin dia bdn TP. Hd Ngi. Thdng qua khdo sdt gidng vien (GV) vd sinh viin (SV) lgi 5 trudng dgi hgc. ke't qud cho thdy, chdt luang GVNKT cdc trudng DHCL tren dfa bdn TP. Hd Ngi ddp ffng nhffng yiu cdu theo quy dinh cua cdc ccf quan qudn ly nhd nUdc ve gido due dgi hgc (GDDH) ciing nhu nhffng yeu cdu dgt ra tff phia cdc trudng dgi hgc d mffc trung binh. Tff dd, nghien cffu di xudt mdt sd gidi phdp nhdm ndng cao chdt luang GDDH. ddp ffng nhffng yiu cdu xd hgi dgt ra trong bdi cdnh hgi nhgp.
Tit khoa; gidng vien ngdnh kinh ti', chdt luang gidng viin ngdnh kinh te, IrUdng dgi hgc cdng lap, Hd Ngi
Summary
This paper aims to assess the quality of lecturers in economics at Hanoi-based public universities. Through a survey of lecturers and sludents at five universities, the results show that the aforementioned quality meets the requirements of state management agencies in charge of higher education as well as the requirements of universities at an average level.
From those findings, a number of solutions are provided to enhance the quality of higher education, meeting the social need in the context of integration.
Keywords: lecturers in economics, quality of lecturers In economics, public universities. Hanoi
CrCJl THIEU Dai hpc Kinh te Qu6'c dan, Trifdng Dai hoc Ngoai thifdng. Trifdng Dai hoc Cong CiJng vdi qua trinh doi mdi, hoi nhap quoc te cua dat doan va Trydng Dai hoc Thuy lcfi trong ntfac, nhu'ng nam gan day nhu cau ve nguon nhan life chat thdi gian thang 6-8/2018. Ket qui thu ve lu'dng cao, dac biet trong ITnh vifc kinhte coxu hu'dng tang 388 phie'u hdp le du'a du'a vao siJ dung.
manh. Hang loat cd sd GDDH da md r6ng dao tao sang So lieu thiJ cap difdc thu thap tif cac bao nhomnganhkinh tenham dap u'ng nhu cau nay. Sir phat cao cua Bo Giao due va Dao tao va 5 tnen nhanh chong do dat ra yeu cau danh gia thifc trang tru'dng dai hoc nghien ciJu.
chat lifdng GVNKT, ttf do co bien phap quan ly, nlng cao Ngoai ra, tac gia con thu thap y ki6'n chat lifcfng GV, dam bao chat lifcfng dao tao dai hoc. tif phia cac chuyen gia ve GDDH, cung nhu" dai diSn ciaa mSt so' doanh nehiep P H a O N G PHAP N G H I E N CLTU de^ phuc vu nghien ctfu.
De thifc hi$n nghien ciJu, tac gia da su- dung ket KET QUA NGHIEN c O u hdpsoli$usdcapva thiJcap. So lieu sd cap thong qua
phong va'n va khao sat bang phie'u hoi doi vdi 400 GV Sdlugng vd cacdu va SV tai 5 tru'dng dai hoc co dao tao khoi nganh kinh Ve sdlugng
te, dd la: Tnfdng Dai hoc Bach khoa Ha Noi, Trifdng Tinh den het nam 2018, ed 22/38 'ThS., Tru'dng Dai hoc Cong doan
Ngdy nhdn bdi: 04/11/2019; Ngdy phdn bien- 22/11/2019; Ngdy duyet dang: 25/11/2019
194
tnfdng DHCL tren dia ban TP. Ha Noi c6 dao tao v^ kho'i nganh kinh te vdi tong so 3.235 GVNKT (chiem 27,50%
t6ng so GV cua cac tru'dng nay). Ty le SV/GV nhdm nganh dao tao kinh te' la 23,40 (dat tieu chuin so vdi quy djnh tai Th6ng tlf so 06/2018/TT-BGDDT, ngay 28/02/2018 ve ty le SV/GV doi vdi dao tao trinh do dai hoc he chinh quy). Tuy nhien, con so' nay con cao hdn so vdi mat bang chung cua ca nifdc (22,76) cung nhif cua Ha Ngi (22,48). Dieu nay phan nao the hien ap ltfc kha ldn ma dpi ngu GVNKT cac tru'dng DHCL tren dia ban TP. Ha N6i dang phai do'i dien.
Ve cacdu
Cd ca'u GVNKT tai cac trtfdng kha can do'i v^ gidi tinh, dp tuoi va tham nien giang day. Ty le GVNKT cac trtfdng DHCL tren dia ban TP. Ha Npi co hoc ham giao sif, pho giao sM cao hcfn 1,5 lan so vdi mat bang chung cua ca ntfdc (10,82% so vdi 7,02%). Song, vin chtfa dap tfng du'dc yeu cau thtfc tien va cd stf phan bo khdng dong deu. Ke't qua khao sat cho tha'y, s6' Itfdng cung nhtf ty le giao su!, phd giao su'tai Trtfdng Dai hoc Kinh te Quoc dan cao vtfdt trpi so vdi 4 trtfdng dai hpc cdn lai. B6n canh dd, ty le GV cd trinh do tie'n si cdn tha'p (24,30%) hay vin cdn 6,64% GV chtfa dat chuan trinh dp chuyen mdn (thac sT)...
Kha nang Iam viec Ve the luc
Do dac thii cong vide, cac GV thtfdng xuyen phai giao tiep trifc tie'p vdi cac do'i tifdng hpc vien, ngtfdi lao ddng trong cac to chtfc, doanh nghigp, do dd ho phai tao dtfdc in ttfdng td't ve mat hmh thtfc, gipng ndi. Chinh vi vay, cac trtfdng DHCL tren dia ban TP. Ha Npi ndi rieng deu dtfa ra cac tieu chi cu the ve ngoai hinh, chieu cao, can nang, giong ndi... dd'i vdi cac li'ng vien tfng tuyen vao vi tri GVNKT.
Ke't qua la mat bang chung ve stfc khoe cua GVNKT d mtfc kha cao so vdi nhieu nganh nghe, cdng viec khac. Chieu cao va can nang trung binh cua nam GVNKT la 167,5cm va 63kg, doi vdi ntf la I60cm va 53kg. 85% GVNKT tai 5 trtfdng dai hpc dtfdc khao sat dat tieu chuan su'c khoe loai 1 va loai 2. Tuy nhien, do dac thii mdi tnfdng va tinh cha't cdng viec phai thtfdng xuyen ndi trong dieu kien bui phan (CaC03) va tieng on, ctfdng do s^ dung may tinh cao, ap life tif phia xa hoi, nha trtfdng va ngifdi hpc Idn, nen ty le GVNKT mi.c cac benh lien quan den
nghe nghiep, nhtf: can thi, ho, vidm hong, viem phd'i, cang thang than kinh kha cao, trong dd, cao nhat la cac bpnh ve mat (trung binh tren 40%), tid'p de'n la cdc benh ve tai mui hpng (35%) va cac benh ve phoi (21%)...'
Ve tri life
Ty le GVNKT tai 5 trtfdng dai hpc thu'c hien khao sat cd hoc ham giao stf va phd giao stf dat 14,95%
(207/1.385 GV). Ty le GVNKT cd trtnh dp tien sT ngay cang dtfdc nang cao, nham dap tfng yeu cau cua nganh giao due cung nhtf toan xa hdi, nam 2018 con sd'nay la 27,22% (377/1.385 GV). Dp tudi trung binh cua GVNKT khi bao ve thanh cdng luan an tie'n sT co xuhtfdnggiam(ttf40,5tu6i nam 2014 xud'ng 38,8 tudi nam 2018). Day la tin hieu ddng mtfngghi nhdn stf cd' gang, n5 ltfc phan dau cua dpi ngu GV tre trong qua trinh ttf khang dinh va nang cao nang ltfc chuy6n mon.
Tuy nhien, kinh nghiem lam vi6c va ky nang nghe nghiep cua GVNKT nhin chung mdi chi difdc danh gia d mtfc trung binh kha, lan Itfdt la 3,12/5 diem va 3,21/5 diem cho ky nang nghe nghiep va kinh nghidm lam viec. Dieu nay cho tha'y, GVNKT ve cd ban da dap tfng du'dc yeu cau trong gua trinh lam viec, song cha't Itfdng chtfa thifc sif cao. O mpt phtfdng dien khac, cung cdn khdng it GVNKT cd trtnh do chuyen mdn vffng vang, nhu'ng vSn dung thtfc hanh kie'n thtfc nghe nghiep vao thtfc tien lai khong thanh cdng.
Ve tdm luc
Ket qua khao sat cho tha'y, mtfc dp gan bd, tan tuy vdi nghe cua GVNKT cac trtfdng DHCL trgn dia ban TP. Ha Ndi chi & mtfc trung binh (3,00/5 diem), mtfc dp thtfc hien cac chuan mifc dao dtfc nghe nghiep va y thtfc, thai dp lam viec, tinh than trach nhiem cua GVNKT dtfdc danh gia cao hdn vdi lan lu'di 3,40 va 3,62/5 diem. Tuy nhien, cdn cd nhieu danh gia trai chilu ve van de nay. Cu the, mpt sd' GV cho rang, hien ttfdng tieu ctfc nhtf "chay diem" vSn xay ra, tuy khdng phd bie'n; nhieu thay/cd tham gia ban hang tren raang; mdt sd' tham gia kinh doanh "da ca'p" ma
"khach hang" phdn nhieu la SV, dSn de'n khdng rd rang ranh gidi gitfa stf pham va kinh doanh...
Kit qud thUc hi^n nhi^m vu
Ket qud thffc hiin dinh mffc gidng dgy cua GVNKT Nam hpc 2017-2018, cdn 10% GVNKT chtfa hoan thanh dinh mtfc giang day, trong dd 8% thie'u dtfdi 20%
dinh mtfc, chi cd 2% giang day thieu ttf 20% dinh mtfc trd len. Nguyen nhan cua thtfc te' nay, trtfdc he't la do mdt so' trtfdng DHCL cd quy md dao tao nganh kinh te han che, them vao dd sd it G V thie'u stf no ltfc, nhiet tinh hoac thie'u ddng ltfc "chan ngoai dai hdn chan trong".., Ty li SV tdt nghiep cd viec ldm vd cd viec ldm phu hap chuyen ngdnh ddo tgo
Thtfc hidn quy dinh cua Bo Giao duo va Dao tao, cac trtfdng DHCL trdn dia ban TP. Ha Npi da nghiSm tiic thtfc hien khao sat tinh hinh viec lam cua SV sau khi td't nghiep. Ket qua cho thay, nhtfng tin hieu td't, dang ghi nhdn ve ke't qua dao tao ctia cac trtfdng, gian ti&'p phan anh chat Itfdng GVNKT. Ty le SV to't nghiep cd vi6c lam sau 12 diang cua nhdm nganh kinh te rat cao, dat mtfc
195
B A N G 1 : TIMH HIMH VIEC L A M COA SV N G A N H K I N H TE SAG K H I T O T NGHIEP N A M 2018
DVT. % TT
1 2 3 4 5
Trrfcfng Tiirdnji Dai hex; Bach khoa Ha Noi Tni'tfni? Dai ha; Kinh leOu<»c dan TrifflngDai hoc Thiiy IcJi Trirtlng Dai hoc Ngoai ihifdne Trifdng Dai hoc Cono doan
Ty 1^ SV tot nghiep co Ti^c lam sau 12 thang
89,47 95,43 86,15 95,80 90,21
Ty 16 SV CO vi6c lkm phil bdp chuy&n nganh 71,76 76.51 72,28 75,44 69,82
B A N G 2. T H O N G KE SO L d O N G B A I B A G CONG BO CQA GVNKT N A M 2018
TT
1 2 3 4 5
Trrfftng Trirdng Dai hoc Bach khoa Ha Noi Tru'dng Dai hoc Kinh tc Ouo'c dan TnfcfneDai hoc Thuy lOi Tnfimg Dai hoc Naoai diii'dnH Tnfcfna Dai hoc Cone doiin
Obai
sa'
ItfO^ng 7 10 12 12 31
%
20,00 18,52 36,36 77 64 32.98
I bai Stf liftfng
15 25 8 20 35
%
42,86 46,30 74,7,4 37,74 37.23
2 bai Sfl' Irftfnc
7 i2 8 11 19
%
20,00 22,22 24,24 20,75 20.21
> 2 b a i S6' Itftfna
6 7 5 10 9
%
17,14 12,96 15,15 18,87 9,57
HINH 1: TY LE GVNKT CGNG CfNG CAC DICH VG XA HOI N A M 2018
I^iguon Ket qua Khao sat c
trung binh khoang 90%, ty le cd viec lam phii hdp chuyen nganh cung dat mtfc binh quan tren 70% (Bang 1).
Sd lugng vd chd't luang cdc cdng trinh nghien cffu khoa hoc (NCKH)
sa' Itfdng va chat lu'ong cac cdng trinh NCKH, cac bai bao trong nu'dc va cdng bd' qud'c te' cua GVNKT cac trtfdng DHCL tren dia ban TP, Ha Ndi ndi neng cdn tha'p, chtfa ttfOng xtfng vdi trinh do chuyen mon va yeu cau, ddi hoi ttf phia cac trtfdng va xa hdi. Cu the, ty 16 GVNKT cd tren 2 cdng bo'trong nam hoc 2017- 2018 mdi chi dat mtfc trung binh (khoang 14%), trong khi do, ty le GV khdng cd cdng bd' nao trong nam cdn rat cao, len tdi gan 27%. Hau he't GV chi cd ttf 1-2 cdng bd' dam bao du tieu chuan (Bang 2).
Ki't^ qud cung ffng cdc dtch vu xd hgi khde Ph^n ldn GVNKT cac trtfdng DHCL tren dia ban TP. Ha Ndi deu tham gia cung tfng cac dich vu xa hdi khac ngoai hoat ddng giang day, NCKH tai trtfdng dai hoc dang cdng tac, pho bie'n la tham gia giang day, NCKH tai cac cO sd dao tao khac hoac iham gia vao cac hoat ddng cua cac doanh nghiep vdi vai trd ttf vS'n, quan ly hoac tharn gia cac dtf an chuyen mdn. Cac hoat ddng nay gdp phan khong nhd nang cao trinh do, kid'n
thtfc, ky nang cho GVNKT. lu do ho cd the thu'c hien td't hdn nhiem vu giang day, NCKH cua ban than, ddng gdp nhieu hdn cho nha trtfdng va xa hoi (Hinh 1).
MUc do ddp Ungyeu cdu cda cdc bin cd lien quan
Mffc do ddp ffng yiu cdu cda SV Ket qua phdng van va khao sat SV tai 5 trtfdng dai hoc cho tha'y, chat ltfdng GVNKT cac trtfdng DHCL tren dja ban TP, Ha Ndi chtfa dap tfng td't yeu cau cua SV (mdi chi dat 2,94/5 diem), dac biet la ve ky nang nghe nghi6p.
Mffc do dap ffng yeu cdu cua cdc trudng dai hgc
Ke't qua phdng van sau va khao sat can bo, GV tai 5 trtfdng dai hoc kd't hdp vdl tham khao y kid'n mdt so' chuyen gia la lanh dao, can bd quan ly lau nSm cua cac trtfdng dai hgc cho tha'y: (i) Lanh dao, cdn bp quan ly cua cac khoa, cac trtfdng dai hoc it hai long nha't vi hoat ddng NCKH ciia GVNKT vdi sd' did'm diinh gia lan ItfOt la 2,12/5 va 2,34/5;
(ii) Ban than ddi ngii GVNKT kem hai long nha't vdi v£i'n d l mSc cac benh nghi nghiep trong qua trinh thtfc hien nhiem vu giang day (2,37/5 diem).
Mffc do ddp ffng yeu cdu cua cdc doanh nghiip
Dai didn cua phan Idn cac doanh nghiep tra ldi phong vS'n (7/10 doanh nghiep) cho rang, nhin chung chS't ltfdng GVNKT hien nay d mtfc trung binh kha, nhifng dang cd xu htfdng giam dan (dat 2,95/5 diem).
Nhin chung, chS't Itfdng GVNKT cac tru'dng DHCL tren dia ban TP. Ha Ndi dap tfng d ratfc trung binh nhtfng yeu cau theo quy dinh cua cac cd quan quan ly nha ntfdc ve GDDH, cung nhtf nhtfng ydu cau dat ra ttf phia cac trtfdng dai hoc, cac dd'i tu'dng SV va ngtfdi stf dung lao dong trong giai doan hien nay,
MOTSOGIAI PHAP
De gdp phan nang cao chat Itfdng GDDH, dap tfng nhffng yeu cau xa hdi dat ra trong bd'i canh hdi nhap, toan cau hda va sif phat trid'n manh me cua cudc Cach mang Cdng nghiep 4.0, cac trtfdng DHCL tren dia ban TP. Ha Ndi cln thtfc hidn dong bo mdtsd'guii phap sau:
Thff nhdt, thu'c hien . he' do dai ngd thoa dang ddi vdi GV, g;i-. nu,' nhap vdi chat Itfdng va hieu qua ih. . h,an cong vide. Cac tru'dng co the th, s.'ip ^^^
196
dung phtfdng phap tra Itfdng 3P (Person - Position - Performance) dang dtfdc nhieu t^ chtfc, doanh nghidp ldn tai thi trtfdng Vidt Nam, dac bidt la mot so' td chtfc, doanh nghiep cd yd'u to' ntfdc ngoai ap dung kha pho bid'n vao dieu kien thtfc te'cua mdi trtfdng, cd xem xet trong md'i lien he vdi cac chinh sach ve tien Itfdng ciia Nha ntfdc do'i vdi GV.
Thff hai, tiep tuc nang cao chat Itfdng tuyen dung GVNKT bdng each dong thdi lang ctfdng cac bien phap PR, marketing tuyen dung, thtfc hidn chinh sach thu hiit ngu6n nhan life cha't Itfdng cao, tang quyen chu ddng cho cac ddn vi thanh vien va dp dung cac tie'n bo khoa hgc cong nghe vao hoat dgng tuyen dung...
Thff ba, dau ttf nang cao cha't ltfdng NCKH cua GV, Cac tru'dng can tao lap moi trtfdng khuye'n khich hoat dgng NCKH cua GV, cd each thtfc phii hdp thu hiit, lang nguon kinh phi phuc vu cho hoat ddng NCKH cua GV.
Thffiu, nang cao chat Itfdng dao tao, boi dtfdng GV, gan dao tao vdi stf dung. Cd the md rpng cdc hoat ddng hdp tdc qud'c te' nham phiic vu cho muc tieu phat trien ben vii'ng, lau dai ciia nha trtfdng, dong thdi thong qua hdp tac qud'c td' dd' dao tao, boi dudng, nang cao chat Itfdng GVNKT.
Thff ndm, tang ctfdng hdp tac, trao doi kinh nghiem giang day, nghien ctfu gitfa GV cac trtfdng dai hpc va doanh nghiep. Can ctf vao dieu kien thtfc td' cua mdi trtfdng de nghidn ctfu, xem xet thda thuan, ky kd't hdp dong nguydn tac trong lien ke't, hdp tac gitfa cac tru'dng DHCL tren dia ban TP. Ha Ndi; giffa cac trtfdng vdi cac trtfdng dai hgc khac d trong nifdc va qud'c td' va vdi cdc doanh nghiep. Tren cd sd dd, cdc ben se xay dtfng ke' hoach cu the, trien khai cac hoat ddng lien kd't, hdp tic cd y nghia thie't thtfc cho cdc ben CO lien quan trong giai doan sap tdi.
Thff sdu, ddi mdi quan tri dai hpc dinh htfdng doanh nghidp. Md hinh nay
BANG 3: TONG H^P DANH GIA CHAT LCfONG GVNKT cAC TRt/dNG DHCL TREN DIA BAN TP. HA NOI
TT
1.1
1.2
1.3
2
2,1
2,2 Nhom tiSu chl Nhdm ti/j Cac tieu chidanh gid Ihe life Cac lien chidynh gia tri life Cdc tieu chiddnh gia lam life
TBychlaanhgia |S3Ufu_thangk6,| Mtfc 1 Xfp - Chieu cao
- Can na 112 - Loai su'c khoe
- Tinh trang mac cac benh nghe nghiep 1*)
- Trinh do chuven mon. nghiep vn - Kv nanp nehe nfhiep - Kinh nghiem lam viec - Y thii'c, thai do ISm viec, tinh than trach nhiem
- Stf ean bo, tan luv vdi nphe - Mii'c dp thifc hien cdc chuan mu'c dao du'c nshe nehien
3.54
3,21 3,62
3,40 Thap
TB Cao
Cao 17
7 3
4 Nhdm neu chi ddnh gid kel qud lao ddng va miic dd ddp Ung yeu cdu cua cdc hen cd lien tftian
Cac tieu chi danh gia ket qua lao
Ciic tieu chi ddnh gia miJc do ddp li'ng yeu cau cila cac ben CO lien quan
- So eicf eianp dav irone nam - Tv 16 SV tot nehiep co viec lam - Ty le SV lot nghiep co viec lam phu hcfp chuven nganh - SS lifdng cac cflng trinh NCKH di/dc c6ne bo
- Chat lifdng cac cong irinh NCKH du'dc cona bo
- Ket qua cung u'ng cac dich vu xa hoi khac
- Mifc do dap li'ng yen cau ciia cd quan quan ly nhil nu'dc ve GDDH.
• Mu'c dp ddp dng yeu cau ve so lifdng (SV/GV)
• MU'C d6 dap tfng yeu cau ve trinh do (tv le GV CO tnnh do hen sT. thac sT) - Mu'c do dan ime veu cau cua suih vien - Mu'c dp dap li'ng yeu cau cua cac tru'dnff daihoc
- Mu'c do dap u'ng yeu cau ciia doanh nghiep
90% HTDMCn 3,98 3,88 2,56 2,9 i 3,24
23,4 SV/GV 6,5% chua dat chudn ThS
2,94 3.01 2,95
Cao Cao Thap TB TB
TB TB TB
1 2 16 15 6
13 10 12 Mqunn To.ng hop tu kv\ qua khao s
da dtfdc Nha ntfdc va Bd Gido due va Dao tao khuye'n khich ttfng btfdc dtfa vao thtfc hien tai cdc trtfdng DHCL dam bao cac dieu kidn can thie't, the hien trong nhtfng diem mdi cua Luat sila doi, bd sung mpt so' dieu cua Luat Gido due dai hoc va LuSt Giao due (2019) mdi dtfdc thong qua. Doi mdi quan tri dai hpc dinh htfdng doanh nghidp, hay Nha ntfdc ttfng btfdc giao quyen ttf chu cho nhtfng trtfdng dai hoc du dieu kidn trong giai doan hien nay la giai phap can thie't gdp phan nang cao chd't lifdng dao tao ciing nhtf cha't Itfdng GV ciia cac trtfdng.Q
- TAI LIEU THAMKHAO
1 Bd Giao due va Dao tao (2018). Phdn bd cdc trudng dgi hgc tgi Viet Nam theo vitng 2. Bd Giao due va Dao tao (2018). Top 20 dai hoc Viel Nam cd cdng bo ISI vd Scopus nhieu nhd't 3. Bg Giao due va Dao tao (2018). Sdlieu thdng ke GDDH ndm hgc 2017-2018
4. Trurdng Dai hpc Kinh td' Qud'c dan, trtfdng Dai hoc Ngoai thtfdng, Trtfdng Dai hpc Cdng doan (2016), Bdo cdo iff ddnh gid de ddng ky kiem dinh chd't luang GDDH
5. Trtfdng Dai hoc Bdch khoa Ha Ndi (2017). Bdo cdo lU ddnh gid de ddng ky kiem dinh chd't lifgng GDDH
6. Trtfdng Dai hpc Thuy IcJi (2018). Bdo cdo luddnh gid deddngky kiem dinh chdt lugng GDDH
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