NGHIEN CUfU - TRAO Ddi
\/DANH GIA ANH Hl/dNG CUA GOC NGHIENG VA BO NGl/NG TU PHU D^N S A N LU'O'NG C O A T H I ^ T Bj
CHU'NG C A T "NU'OC SCP DUNG N A N G L U ' Q N G
MAT TRd^l DANG BAC THANG
ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF INCLINATION AND CONDESING AUXILIARY TO PRODUCTIVITY OF STEPPED SOLAR STILL
T r ^ n XuSn A n ' , Le Xuan Phong^ Hoang Van Vief, Nguyen The Bao*
'Trudng Cao ding Cdng Thuang TP.Hd Chi Mmh
^Cdng ty TNHH Le Phong
^Trudng Cao ding Ky thuat Ly Tu Trpng TPHd Chi Minh
"•Vien Phat trien Nang lupng Ben viing ISED
T O M T A T
Nhdm nghien ciru da chi tgo vd tiin hdnh thi nghiem thiet bi chimg cdt nu&c su dung ndng luang mat trai (NLMT) dgng bgc thang, v&i diin tich bdc hai Im^ ket hgp bg ngung tu phu. Thiit bi duac nghien cuu thuc nghiim & cdc gdc nghiing 20", 22.5", 25°, 27.5" vd 30"; Giiia tudn hodn hai vd khdng cd tudn hodn hai, duac th\ec hien trong thdng 10-11/2015 tgi TP.Hd Chi Minh Thiet bi cho ra sdn lucmg cao nhdt trong nhimg ngdy do dgc duac khi dg sdu l&p nu&c cdn chimg cdt Id 1cm, gdc nghieng Id 25", sdn luang nu&c chung cdt dgt 4.9 kg/m^ (tic 7-17h), ung v&i buc xg trung binh 635 W/m^. Hiiu sudt cita thiet bi chung cdt cd tudn hodn hod cao han 7.1% so v&i khdng cd tudn hodn hai.
Tu* khda: Chung cdt nu&c sit dung ndng luang mat trai.
ABSTRACT
A stepped solar still having the evaporation area of I m^ with a condensing auxiliary is fabricated and experimented. The experimental studies have been carried out at different inclined angles of the still, respectively 20", 22.5°, 25", 27.5" and 30"; circulate and does not circulate steam under conditions of Ho Chi Minh City in 10-11/2015. The results showed that with the depth of distilled water layer at 1cm and the inclined angle of the still at 250, the solar still gives the highest yield. The production of distilled water reaches 4,9 kg/m^ (from 7 am to 17 pm) corresponding to the average radiation of 635 W/m^. The efficiency of the distillation equipment with circulation 7.1% higher than does not steam.
Keywords: Solar still, stepped solar still.
ISSN 0866-7056
TAP CHf CO KHf VIET NAM, Sd 1+2 nam 2016 www.cnkhivif'tnnin
NGHIEN ClJfU-TRA0e6l
l.DATVANDE
Nhu ciu vd nude sach, nude tinh khidt dd udng cua eon ngudi ngay cang tang cao, dac biet la nhiing vung khan hiem ngudn nude nhu vung sau, vung xa, bien gidi va hai dao, nhung noi khd cin, hoac ngudn nude bi d nhiem, bi nhidm m ^ . . .Viee tao ra thidt hi chung cit nude dk bi8n nude phen, nude Ip, nude nhiem man...
thanh nude ngpt cho ngudi dSn thuc su cd y nghia, nhit la nhimg qudc gia ehiu nhilu anh hudng cua bidn ddi khi hau nhu Viet Nam.
Cd rit nhidu yeu td quan trpng anh hudng den san lupng nude chung cat cua mdt thidt bi ehung cit nude su dung nang lupng mat trdi (NLMT). Gdc nghieng cua thiet bi va bd ngung tu phu la hai yeu td trong sd do [1]. Gdc nghieng anh hudng d§n kha nang nhan biic xa mat trdi (BXMT), ciing nhu dam bao de nude ngung chay xudng mang khdng hi rai giua chung [1]. Edeoja (2013), trong nghien ciiu ciia minh vd anh hudng cua gdc nghieng den thiet bi chung cit nude dang Smgle Basin tai Makurdi (Nigeria), vdi cac gdc nghieng 4°, T, 10"^, 13" va 15°. Kdt qua tinh toan va thuc nghiem cho thay gde nghieng 15" cho hieu suat eao nhat TI = 0.585 va gdc nghiSng tdi uu eho thiet hi nay la 150 [3]. Hassan (1992) va mdt sd nha nghien ciiu da de xuat phuang an lap them bd ngung tu phu cho thiet bi chung eat dang Single Basin. Ket qua eho thay rang, khi dien tich bd ngung tu phu dii ldn thi san luang nude ed the tang tit 30+50% [1].
Vdi mue tieu dua ra mpt thiet hi dan gian, dl chd tao, nhdm nghien ciiu da xay dung ISn thiet bi chung cat nude sir dung nang lupng mat h-di dang bac thang, vdi dien tich bdc hai Im^ kk hpp bd ngung tu phu nhim nang cao san lupng nude chung eat. Ndi dung chinh trong bai bao la h-inh bay nghien euu chd tao thi6t bi ehung cit nude su dung nang luang mat trdi dang bae
thang, kit hop vdi bd ngung tu phu va thuc hien do dac thuc nghiem de nit ra gdc nghieng toi uu cho thidt bi nay tai TP.Hd Chi Minh, ciing nhu dua ra danh gia vd anh hudng bd ngung tu phu ddn san lupng nuac chung cat cua thiet bi dang nay.
2. THlTC NGHIEM
2.1. So* do nguyen ly hoat dgng cua thi^t hi
• r
Hinh 1. Sado nguyen ly thiet bi
2.1. Ket cau cua thiet bi
cau tnic pMn than thiet bi duac lam bang Inox 201, be day Imm.
+ Kich thuac tdng thi phan than: A = 1250 x800 x105 mm.
+ Kinh phu CO he s6 dan nhiet kg = 0,78 (W/m"C), dien tich Ag = 1250 x 800 mm = lm=, day Ig = 0,004 m.
+ Tam ngung tu phu dugc lam bang nhom, CO kich thuac 1250 x 800 mm, day 0,3 mm.
+ Co t6ng cpng 10 bac thang, m6i bac thang CO kich thuoc 1200 x 60 x 10 mm, duoc son den de h4p thu nang lu<?ng mat troi. BSc thang dugc bgc each nhiet diy 0,01 m, co he so dlnnhietl =0,0351(»'/mA:.
ISSN 0S66.7056
TAP CHl CO KHl V I E T NAM, S6 1+2 nam 2016
www.cokhivietnam.vn
NGHIEN CUTU - TRAO D(^l
2.2. T h u tijc t h y c nghidm
Thidt hi dupe dat tai TP. Hd Chi Minh cd tpa dp I 0 ' ' 5 1 ' 4 9 " B i c , I06°36'59" Ddng, d dp cao 10 m so vdi mat dit, thidt bi dupe dat theo hudng D d n g - B i c va Tay-Nam, lech 30 dp so vdi hudng chinh Dong-Nam.
Thiet bi do ed chi sd danh gia nhu Bang 1. Blic xa mat trdi, nhiet dp tai cac didm mit va tdc dp gid deu dupe do true tiep bang may tai nhimg thdi diem nhat dinh.
Hinh 2. Thuc nghiim song song hai thiit bi chung cdt su dung NLMT dgng hgc thang:
1) Binh chua nif&c cap;
2) Van dieu chinh luu lu(mg, 3) Thtit bi chung cSt.
4) Bong ho do nhiet dQ:
5) Binh chua nuac ngol:
6) Vj tri dgt ddu do nhi^l dQ
Bang 1. Thdng sd thiet bi do
TT
1
2
3
4
Ten thilt bi May do nhiet do 1 2 k e n h P C E - T 1200 D I U do nhi8t dp loaiK May do buc xa mat n o i P C E - S P M l May do toe d6 gio Smart
Sensor-AR826 Dai ho^t dong
-100-1300'C
-50-lOOOT Ot2000II'/m'
0 + 1 5 m / s D ? c h i n h x a c
Sai s6 0 , 1 %
+0,4%+0,i'C +10B'/ffl45%
0 - i - 1 5 m / s
Hinh 3. Cdc thiet bi do duac sic dung trong thuc nghiem:
a) Mdy do nhiet do; b) Mdy do buc xg mat trai;
c) Mdy do tdc do gio.
N u d e d n h i e t d p m d i t r u d n g c u n g c a p v a o m a n g e h u n g c a t liie 7 h 0 0 s a n g . N u d e t u b d n n u d e c a p d a y e a c b a c t h a n g . S a u d d s e c a p v d i l u u l u p n g n h a t d i n h 1 l i t / h . D a m b a o d u y t r i m u c n u d e t r o n g c a c b a c t h a n g Ik I e m . O d a y , n h d m t a e g i a d u n g h o a n t o a n n g u d n n u d e T h a n h p h d ( n u d e T h u y c u e ) d 6 t h u c h i e n . T r o n g b a i b a o n a y , n h d m t a c g i a t h u e h i e n t h i n g h i e m t r e n 2 m d h i n h c d k e t c a u h o a n t o a n g i o n g n h a u , c h i k h a c n h a u v 8 c a c g d e n g h i e n g 2 0 " , 2 2 . 5 " , 2 5 " , 2 7 . 5 " v a 30", n h i m d a n h g i a a n h h u d n g e u a g d c n g h i e n g d e n s a n l u o n g n u d e c h u n g c a t c u a t h i 8 t b i . S a u d d , n h d m t a c g i a t h u c h i e n t i e p t h i n g h i e m s o s a n h , d a n h g i a g i i i a h i e u s u a t c h u n g c a t e u a t h i e t b i k h i c d t u a n h o a n h a i v a k h d n g c d t u a n h o a n h a i .
Bdng2. Cdcphuangdn thinghiem
T h i n g h i d m T N I
TN2
TN3
TN4
TN5
Noi d u n g Thi nghiem so sanh d o nghieng P A l ( 3 0 " ) v a P A 2 ( 2 0 » )
Thi nghiem so sanh do nghieng PA2 ( 2 0 » ) v a P A 3 ( 2 5 " )
Thi nghiem so sanh dp nghieng PA3 (25") v a PA4 (22.5)
Thi n g h i e m so sanh dp nghieng PA3 (25»)va PAS (27.5)
Thi nghiem s o sanh co tuan h o a n PA6 v a Idiong co tuan h o a n h o i PA7
I S S N 0 8 6 6 - 7 0 5 6
T A P C H I C O K H I V I E T N A M , S d 1 + 2 n a m 2 0 1 6 w w w . c o k h i v i e t n a m . v n
NGHIEN CUfU-TRAO061
3. KET QUA
Ket qua do dac thuc nghiem ve cudng dp blic xa mat trdi (I^, nhiet dp mdi trudng (T^_) cung nhu la nhiet dp tai be mat nude (T^), nhiet dp be mat tren eua kinh phii (T ), nhiet dp be mat tim ngung tu phu (T^ va san lupng nude ehung eat theo thdi gian se dupe the hien qua cae bieu do trong TNI, TN2 va TN3. De cd dupe nhiing sd lieu do dae, thdng ke mdt each chinh xac va khach quan, nhdm tac gia da tien hanh thuc nghiem d mdi thi nghiem trong nhieu ngay khae nhau. Tuy nhien, trong khudn khd bai bao nhdm tac gia chi dua ra nhirng thdng sd co ban trong mdt ngay dien hinh eho timg thi nghiem.
Hinh 5. Biiu do so sdnh lugng buc xg vd san h nu&c chung cdt ciia PAl vd PA2
trong ngdy 01/10/2015 3.1. TNI - Thf nghiem so sanh 36 nghieng 3-2- TN2 - Thi nghiem so sanh do nghieng PAl (30») va PA2 (20") * PA2 (20») va PA3 (25")
Tii nhirng sd lieu do dac duac thd Men d Hinh 4, ta cd the thay dupe rang: Vao khoang thdi gian hi 7h-1 Oh, luong biic xa NLMT ma PAl nhan dupe ldn ban d PA2. Tuy nhien, khoang thdi gian tii 1 lh-17h, thi ngupc lai lupng biic xa NLMT d PA2 nhan dupe ldn ban PAl. Di ddi vdi dieu dd thi nhiet dp kinh phu va mat nude eiing cd chieu hudng thay ddi tuang tu. Tdng luong blic xa NLMT ca ngay ma PA2 nhan dupe cung ldn ban, dan den san lupng nude chung cit trong ngay d PA2 ldn hon PAl tuang duang khoang 6,8% (Hinh 5).
Sau khi thuc nghiem d TNI, ta thiy rang, d PA2 (20") cho san lupng nude chung cSt ca ngay ldn hem d PAl (30"). Vi vay, d TN2 ta se tiep tuc lay PA2, la PA2 kha thi han dk thuc nghiem so sanh vdi PA3. Cac so lieu do dac th\rc nghiem cho thay, lupng buc xa NLMT ciia PA3 nhan duac tu 7h-17h ldn hon so vdi PA2, tuong duong khoang 3,5%. Tuy lupng biic xa NLMT ehenh lech khdng dang ke, nhung nhiet dp va san lupng nude chung cit trong ngay ciia PA3 vin ldn ban so vdi PAl (Hmh 6, 7).
70 0^60 S-40
Q
y*"""*—*==?—.
,^-p^ ^*—-«—*» , , N ; ^ / j ^ ^ ^ ^^~~^
/i> ^ < ^
^^ '^,
' « ^ ^° Tiilgi?.(fcf " " IS "
—•—Tgo-PAl _ _ X s w - P A l
Hinh 4. Biiu do so sdnh nhiet do kinh phu vd mat nu&c cua PAl vd PA2 trong ngdy 1/10/2015
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 W ThM g i u (k)
—*—Tg-PA3 —«—TW-PA3 —»—Te-PA2 —m—rw-Pf2 Hinh 6. Bieu do so sdnh nhiet do kinh phd vd mat
nude cua PA2 vd PA3 trong ngdy 05/10/2015
ISSN 0866 - 7056
TAP CHI CO KHI VIET NAM. Sd 1+2 nam 2016 www.cokhivietnam.vn
NGHIEN CUlU - TRAO D O I
I 7 a 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 ThM gian (h)
— * — IS-PA3 - ,*- S i n liTTng nij6rc-PA3
— • - s a n lirgTifl rn/Ac-PA2 — • — I5-PA2
Hinh 7: Biiu dd so sdnh lugng birc xg vd sdn luang nuac chung cdt cua PA2 vd PA3
trong ngdy 5/10/2015
3.3. TN3 - Thi nghiem so sanh dg nghi§ng PA3 (25") va PA4 (22.5°)
Tu TNI va TN2 ta thiy ring, PA3 la phuong an cd gdc nghieng 25", ed kha nang nhan duac iihieu buc xa NLMT va san luong nude chung cat Idn han hai phuang an cdn lai. Vi vay, nhdm tac gia tiep tuc thuc nghidm so sanh PA3 (25°) vdi PA4 (22.5°). Sd lieu do dac thuc nghiem dupe the hien qua Hinh 8 va 9. Lupng bue xg. trung binh trong ngay 13/11/2015 (tir 7 -17h) ma PA3 nhan dupe la 467 W/m^ va PA4 nhan dupe la 458 W/m^. Ca hai PA cd su chenh lech tuang ddi nhd, vao khoang 2%.. Nhiet dp va san luang ciia PA3 cung chi cao hon khoang 3%.
Tuy su chenh Idch nay la khdng dang ke, nhung nd vin cho ta thiy dupe PA3 van la PA tdt ban.
-IS-PA3
• SAn hfgng nifdrc-PAS
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 ThM glRD (h>
Hinh 9. Bieu do so sdnh lugng birc xg vd sdn luang nuac chung cdt cda PA3 vd PA4
trong ngdy 13/11/2015
3.4. TN4 - Thi nghiem so sanh gdc nghieng PA3 (25») va PAS (27'.5'')
Tuang tu nhu d TN3, trong TN4 nay ta tiep tuc lay PA tdt han la PA3 (25°) de so sanh vdi PA5 (27.5"). Cac thdng sd do dac tu thuc nghiem cua hai PA nay dupe bieu dien qua cac bieu dd so sanh, the hien d Hinh 10 va 11. Cac dudng biSu dien nhiet dp, lupng bii'c xa va san lupng nude gan nhu la tiem can vdi nhau. Luang blic xa trung binh trong ngay ma thiet hi nhan dupe tir PA3 ( 621 W/m^) chi ldn ban gin 1 % so vdi PA5 ( 616 W/m^). San lupng nude ciJng ldn ban tucmg duong 1,8%.
Tu nhung TN tren ta cd nhan thay rang PA3 la PA tdt ban cac PA cdn lai. Gdc nghieng tdi uu se cho san lupng nude cao nhat cua thiet bi chung cat nude dang bac thang nay la 25".
10 11 12 13 1' 1^
T > M B l u ( h ) TB-PA3 —^— TW-PA3
16
Hinh 8. Bieu di so sdnh nhiet do kinh phi vd mat nude cua PAS vd PA4 trong ngdy 13/10/2015
Hinh 10. Bieu do so sdnh nhiet do ldnh phit vd mdt nu&c cua PAS vd PAS trong ngdy IS/10/2015 '
ISSN 0866 - 7056
TAP CHl CO KHl VIET NAIVI, S6 1+2 nam 2016 www.cokhivietnam.vn
NGHIEN CUfU - TRAO D O I -^s^
2 PA 1100
1000 900
£600 500 iffl * ™ 300 100 0
• ^ " " ^ s ^
A
* \
/ t ' ^ "^^
/ /• \
/ ' N ^
/ ' "^N
' / S.
.-• /
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 ThM g i u (h) IS-PA3 - * - san lugng Sdnluvng nu6c-PA5 * ls-PA5
900
^
C 400 i 300 C 200 S 100
17 nu'dc-PAS
/finA 77. SifiM do so sdnh lugng buc xg vd sdn luang nu&c chimg cdt cda PA3 vd PAS
trong ngdy 15/11/2015
3.5. TN3 - Thi nghiSm so sanh co tuan hoan hffi PA6 va Idiong co tuin hoan htfi PA7
Tir nhiing ph&i tieh ly thuyet ve eac yeu td anh hudng dSn san lupng nude ehung eat eua thiet hi. Nhdm tac gia da thiet ke thiet bi chung cat nude dang bac thang nay cd vdng tuan hoan hoi va b8 mat ngung tu phu (Hinh 1), nham nang cao san lupng nude chung cat. De kiem chiing dupe dieu nay, nhdm tae gia tilp tuc ti8n hanh thi nghiem TN3. Tu ket luan d TNI va TN2, ta se tidn hanh thuc nghiem hai thiet hi song song d gdc nghieng 25**. Ddng thdi, ehan khe hd tuin hoan khi am d phia tren va dudi cua mdt thiet hi, khdng eho khi am tuan hoan xudng be mat ngung tu phu d mat dudi.
San lupng nude chung cit dupe quydt dinh bdi nhiet dp be mat nude va dp chenh lech nhiet dp giira be mat nude (T ) va be mat ciia kinh phu (T^. Do vay, nhiet dp bd mat nude cang ldn va dp ehenh leeh nhiet dp ciia nude va kinh phu cang nhieu thi san lupng nude chung cat duac cang ldn.
Hinh 12. Bieu do so sdnh nhiet do kinh phu vd mat nu&c cua PA6 vdPA7 trong ngdy 10/10/2015
Nhin Hinh 12, ta thiy hi 7-17h d PA5 khdng cd tuan hoan hai nen nhiet dp nude va bS mat kinh phu eao hon so vdi PA4. Ngupc lai, do cd su m i n hoan hoi va ngung tu d be mat ngimg tu phu nen nhiet dp nude va kinh phu d PA4 th3p ban. Chinh dieu nay lam cho dp chenh 16ch nhiet dp giiia be mat nude va kinh phu ldn hon, phan ap suat hai nude sat be mat kinh phii dupe giam xudng (nhiet dp be mat tam kinh phii giam), giiip tang su chenh lech phan ap suat hoi nude giiia be mat bdc hoi va be mat ngung tu, tii do thuc day qua trinh bay hai d be mat nude. Din den san lugng nude d PA4 tang cao ban so vdi PAS khoang 7,1%, the hien d Hinh 13.
d^ so siiBh siB hrVHs BirAc c i a 2 PA
7 8 9 ID 11 12 13 14 15 IS 17 ThM gian (h)
' Sdn lugng nutrc PAS - • - Sdn lining nirfrc PA7
Hinh 13. Biiu do so sdnh sdn luang nu&c chung cai cua PA6 vd PA 7 trong ngdy 10/10/2015
ISSN 0866 - 7056
TAP CHf CO KHi V I £ T NAM, Sd 1+2 nam 2016 www.cokhivietnam.vn
^
NGHIEN C U T U - T R A O D O I
4. KET L U ^ N
Qua ket qua eiia nhiing thi nghiem TN 1, TN2, TN3 va TN4 ma nhdm tae gia da thue hien. Ta ed the de dang thiy ring, gdc nghieng anh hudng rat ldn den san lupng nude chung eat eua thiet bi.
\^ee l\ra ehpn gdc nghieng tdi uu eho thidt bi het siie quan trpng va can dupe quan tam luu y. Gdc nghieng tdi uu cho thi6t bi chung cit nude dang bae thang nay la 25"^. Ciing vdi vide thiet ke thiet bi ket hop vdi bp ngung tu phu cGng giiip san lupng nude chung cat eua thiet bi tang len 7.1% (TN5).
San lupng nude cao nhit dat dupe trong nhung ngay do dae dupe la 4.9 kg/ngay/m2. Tu sAn lupng nude ehung cat dupe, cpng vdi thidt ke don gian, d l che tao, chi phi thap, nhdm tac gia manh dan dS xuat ung dung thiSt bi ehung cat nude sir dung NLMT dang bac thang vao thuc te de gdp phan giai quyet tinh trang khan hi§m nude cho ngudi dan d nhiing vung miSn thieu nude sach hoac ngudn nude bi d nhidm. •
Ngay nhan bai: 05/01/2016 Ngay phan bien: 05/02/2016
Tai li§u tham Ichao:
[1]. Hoang Dinh Tin, Hoang Thi Nam Huong (2012); Ung dung^ ndng luang mat trai di dun nu&c ndng vd sdn xudt nu&c nggt tir nu&c bien, NXB. Dai hoc Qudc gia TP. Ho Chi Minh.
[2]. Nguyin Thd Bao (1998), Solstill - A simulation program for solar distillation systems, TP. H6 Chi Mmh.
[3]. Edeoja, Alex Okibe , Unom, Fadoo (2013), Investigation of the Effect of Angle of Cover Inclination on the Yield Of A Single Basin Solar Still Under Makurdi Climate.
[4]. Abdulhaiy M. Radhwan (2003), Transient performance of a stepped solar still with built-in laten heat thermal energy storage. Saudi Arabia.
ISSN 0866 - 7056
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