Danh gia muTc do tiep can ve nhu'ng quy djnh, chmh sach ho tro cua Nha nu'dc do'i vdi cac doanh nghiep san xuat dien nang tai CHDCND Lao
• PHITSANOUKOME PHONEVILAYSACK' Tom t^t
Nghien cffu da tii'n hdnh khdo sdt 314 doanh nghiep (DN) hogt dgng trong linh vuc dien ndng nhdm ddnh gid mffc dd tii'p can ve nhffng quy dinh, chinh sdch ho trff cua Nhd nudc ddi vdi cdc DN sdn xudt dien nang tgi CHDCND Ldo. Ket qud nghiin cffu cho thdy, hdu het cdc DN dUffc khdo sdt deu hieu hi't nhffng quy dinh cung nhu chinh sdch ho trff cua Nhd nudc ddi vdi cdc DN.
Tuy nhiin, mffc do tie'p can cdc chinh sdch ho trff cua Chinhphu do'i vdi cdc DN xudt khdu dien ndng vdn cdn nhitng hgn che nhdt dinh. Tffdd, nghiin cffu di xudt mot sd gidi phdp de cdc DN cd thi liip can ve nhffng quy dinh, chlnh sdch ho trff cua Nhd nudc mgt cdch day du vd nhanh chdng.
Tuf khoa: doanh nghiep sdn xudt diin ndng, chinh sdch, CHDCND Ldo Summary
The study conducts a survey of 314 enterprises in electricity sector lo assess the level of access to slate regulations and policies on supporting electricity producers in Lao PDR. The results show that most of them fully understand these regulations and policies. However, the level of access to state policies on supporting electricity exporters has certain limitations. From these findings, the study proposes a number of solutions to electricity producers for accessing the state's supporting policies and regulations fully and quickly.
Keywords: electricity producers, policies. Lao PDR
Gldl THIEU nhidm vu ehinh tri mang tam ehien Iffdc trong phat trien kinh Id' - xa hoi qude gia, duy tri md'i quan hd chinh tri CHDCND Lao Id nffdc nam sdu trong dd'i ngoai. Lao da de ra nhieu quy dinh eung nhff ehitih luc dia, khdng cd dffdng thdng ra bie'n, saeh ehid'n Iffdc de bd trd cac DN day manh phat trien vdi ldi the' nhieu sdng, dia hinh ddi nui san xua't va xud't khau dien nang. Song, sff hidu bid't va (chie'm 80% eiia loan bd dien tich dd't), tie'p can nhffng quy dinh, cbinh saeh nay eua DN van nen Lao ra't manh ve pbat trien thuy cdn han cbe'. Chinh vi vay, vide danh gid mffe dp tid'p dien. Hidn nay, Lao cd 57 nha may didn can ve nhffng quy dinh, chinh saeh hd trd eua Nha nffdc (IMW trd ldn) dang van hanh thffdng mai ddi vdi cac DN san xua't didn nang lai CHDCND Lao vdi cdng sua't lap ddt khodng 7.I93MW, la can thie't.
san xua't khoang 36,935,23GWh dien.
Trong nam 2019, Lao dff kid'n se tang PHL/aNG PHAP NGHIEN ClAJ cdng sua't lap ddt Idn khoang 9.152,9MW
khi 12 nha may didn mdi hoan thanh va Nghidn effu dinb Iffdng dffdc tien hanh thdng qua bat dau hoat ddng thu'dng mai (Bd Ngoai khao sat 314 DN boat ddng trong lmh vffe dien nang giao Viet Nam, 2019a). Sdn xua't vd xud't tai CHDCND Lao trong thdi gian tff thdng 1/2019 den khau dien ndng effng la mpt trong nhffng thang 7/2019. Ke't qua thu ve 314 phieu bdp Id dffdc ngdnh dffde Dang va Nha nffdc Lao coi la dffa vao sii dung. Nghien cffu cdn sii dung tbang do
'NCS., Tru'dng Dai hgc Kinh te Quoc dan
Ngdy nhdn bdi: 07/10/2019; Ngdy phdn bien. 22/10/2019; Ngdy duyet ddng: 22/10/2019
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Economy and Forecast Review
BAMG 1: Mdc DO HiEG BIET VA DAr^H GlA CtlA DM VE MHCifNG QUY D[NH CUA IMHA MddC DOl V6l CAC DN SAN XGAT DIEN NANG
DVT- % NhiTng quy dinh cua Nha nifdc
Tao au.in/oacli sons; cua novfdi dan Npuon nirdc ohuc vu cho san xuat ,Sir an loan cua nsu'fli dan Van ho.i cud naUdi dan RCfiiE cBng done/sinh thai
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RSftphu 53.3 34.6 49.6 0.3 33.3 34 11.8 11,5 17.1 1.0 1.0 17,7 14 BANG 2: MCTC DO HIEU BIET VA DANH GIA CUA DN DOI vdl CAC CHiNH SACH H 6 TR0 CCA NHA N d d c TRONG SAN XUAT VA XUAT - NHAP KHAU DIEN NANG
Ciic chinh sach h5 trd cua Nha nifdc dd'i vdi doanh nghiap
xuSft kh^u dien nang
Thi trifflne xuat khau
Dau tlf du'ttna truven dan diSn Kiem soat thl tnfSnc nana Udna
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Likert 5 didm vdi 1 - hoan toan khdng ddng y va 5 - hoan loan dong y.
Ben canh dd, nghien cffu sff dung nguon so' Hdu thff cd'p dffde tbu thdp tff tap ebi, sach, bao, intemet trong va ngoai ntrdc va bdo cao cua Bd Ngoai giao Vidt Nam,,,
KET QUA NGHIEN CLfU
Sff hieu biet vd mffc dg tie'p cgn ve quy dinh, chinh sdch ho trff cua Nhd nffdc
Bang 1 cho thd'y, hau he't cac DN dffdc khao sat deu bieu bid't ve nhffng quy dinh cua Nha ntfdc dd'i vdi cde DN san xual didn nang. Chi cd 0,3% ngu'di dffde khao sat cho rang, hp khdng bid't quy dtnh ve be thd'ng giao thdng Idn va giai quye't va'n de xd hdi do di dan, nhu'ng ty le nay ra't nhd, gan nhff khdng dang ke.
Dd'i vdi nhffng y kie'n eho rang, ho bid't quy dinh.
thi hp nhdn thd'y nhffng quy dinh ve lap qudn/each sd'ng eua ngffdi ddn, mffc sd'ng/thu nhap cua ngffdi dan, ngudn nffdc phuc vu eho san xua't, sff an toan eua ngffdi dan, van hda cua ngffdi dan, lam sach khu vffe cdng dong, bao ve mdi trffdng va da dang sinh hpc...
la nhffng quy dmh phii bdp va rat phu hpp vdi eae DN
san xud't didn nang. Nbui^ '^"^ ^hk ' nha: sffc khde eua ngffdi d..i^ ne tnong giao thdng Idn, giai quyet van de xa npi do di dan la nhffng quy dinh dffde phdn ldn y kien cbo rang, khdng phu hdp vdl
cae DN. , MUc dg hieu bie't vd ddnh gid cua DN
ddi vdi cdc chinh sdch hd trff cda Nha nffdc Ben canh nhffng bieu biet ve quy dinh cua Nha ni/dc, cae DN cung can cd nhffng hieu bid't va danb gia ve chinh sdch hd trd cua Nha nffdc trong san xuat va xua't - nhap kh^u dien nang.
Ke't qua Bang 2 cho Iha'y, td't ca cdc DN san xud't va xua't khau didn nang deu dffdc hu'dng cac chinh sach b5 trd cua Nha nffdc. Tuy nhien, mffe dd hai Idng cua cdc DN nhdn dffdc hd trd dd'i vdi cae chinh sdch hd trd cd cae mffc do khac nhau. Cu thd', cae DN hai Idng vdi hau he'i cae cbinb sach, ridng chtnh sach ve kd't cau ha tang, thi 96,5% y kie'n danh gid d mffc khdng hai Idng. Dieu nay khd phii hdp vdi thffe tidn, bdi kd't ea'u ha tang dffdc cot la thach thffe Idn nha't dd'i vdi sff pbat trien kinh te'ndi chung va trong ITnh VLfc dien nang ndi ridng d Lao. Lao nam trong nhdm 10 qud'c gia ed cha't Iffdng v^
kd't cd'u ha tang lien quan de'n giao Ihdng va thffdng mai thd'p nha't thd' gidi.
Ngoai ra, chinh sach cua Nhd nffdc ve thi trffdng xtid'l khau va vide dau tff dffdng truyen dan didn dffdc DN ddnh gia d mffe ra't hai long. Bdi, hidn nay, Lao dd de ra cac bien phdp nham dam bao cbo ke' hoaeh phat trien nang Iffdng va md phu hdp vdi tinb binh, cung nhff nhu eau thffc te', nhd't la pha'n da'u dffa kd' hoach san xua't didn phu hdp vdi nhu eau sff dtmg trong nffdc va cd thi trffdng tid'p nban. Tbang 7/2018, Lao da thanh lap Uy ban Quan ly an toan ddp, tridn khai ke' hoach phat trien he thd'ng dffdng day truyen tai didn theo sff cho phep eua Chinh pbu va Qud'c hdi (Bd Ngoai giao Viet Nam, 2019b). Tte'p tue pha'n da'u boan thanh xay dffng 12 dff an dap thuy didn trong nam 2019, vdi tong cdng suat ldp ddt I.9500MW. Lao la qud'c gia da tbam gia dff an bdi nhdp nang lifdng dien vdi Thai Lan, Malaysia va Singapore nam trong nd Iffc htfdng tdi thffc bidn mua ban dien da phffdng uong hd thd'ng g Kinh te' day viec Iffdi didn ASEAN va Co
ASEAN. Chfnh phu La hoan thanh cac du' an ,^
day truyen tai dien, dtf ;ii (Tap chi Nang Iffdng Viet
•'j^ dffdng ' liie'n ap 'M9).
130
MUc dg tiep can cdc chinh sdch hd trd cua Chink phu
Bang 3 cho tha'y, mffe dd tie'p cdn cac chinh saeh ho trd cua Cbinh phu dd'i vdi eac DN xua't khau didn nang qua cac nguon thdng lin edn rd't han che', phan Idn y kid'n danh gia DN dffde tid'p can thdng dn d mffc dp binh thffdng. Dac bidt, ho thinh thoang dffdc tid'p cdn thdng tin ve cdc cbinh sach hd trd cua Chinh phu qua trang thdng lin dien iff cua bd, sd, hiep hpi ngdnh hang;
qua ludl sif, cd' vd'n phap ludl; qua eac khda dao tao, tdp hud'n, hdi Ihao, tpa dam va qua tham van vdi ed quan chlnh quyin. Day la khd khan rd't ldn vdi eac DN san xuat dien nang bdi ehinh sdch hd trd eua Nha nffdc de'n dffdc vdi DN se cham trd, din de'n hieu qua thffc Men thap.
Ddnh gid cua DN ve cdc hinh thUc ho trd
Do cae chinh sdch hd trd dang dffdc Chinh phu Lao khan trffdng thffc hidn de hoan thanh ke' hoach dat ra, ndn cac hinh thffc hd trd tff phia Chinh phu cQng ra't da dang va dffdc hau bet eac DN ddnh gia cao vdi mffc diem trung binh 3,5. Trong dd, mffe dp d6ng y va boan loan d6ng y cd ly Id xap xi nhau va chid'm trdn 97% so" y be'n dffdc khdo sdt (Bang 4).
KET IV^N VA MOT SO DE XUAT
Kei luqn
Ke't qua nghien effu cho tha'y, hau he't cac DN dffdc khao sdt deu hieu ve nbOlig quy dinb va nhOhg ehinh sach h5 trd cua Nha nffdc dd'i vdi cdc DN san xua't dien nang. Dong thdi, cae DN ciing eho rang, cac hinh thffc ho trd tff phia Chinh phu rat da dang va dffdc hau bet cae DN ddnh gid cao.
Tuy nhien, phan ldn DN chffa bai long ve chinb sach ve ke't ea'u ha lang (vdi 96,5% y kid'n ddnh gid d mffc khdng hai Idng). Bdn canh do, mffe dp tiep can cae chinh saeh hd trd eua Chinh phu dd'i vdi cae DN xua't khau didn nang qua cac nguon thdng tin cdn rat ban ehd'.
BANG 3: MtTc DO TIEP CAN CAc CHINH S A C H H 6 TRQ CUA CHINH PHU DOI V(3l cAC DOANH NGHIEP XGAT KHAU DIEN NANG
QUA cAC N G U 6 N THONG TIN
DVT:' Kdnh thdng tin vd c^c cliinh sdch hd
trtf ciia Chinh phu ddi vdi doanh nghidp xuS't kh^u didn n^ne Cac phu'dng tien thSng tin dai chung (bao sia'v. bao dien tuf, truven hinh, dai. 1 An uhSm (sach, tai lieu, td rOi. ban tin 1 Trang thong tin dien tu: (Websites) ciia bo, sc(, hiep hoi naanh hana
Cac khoa diio tao. tSp huS'n. hdi thJo. toa dSm Lutt sU. cd^van nhan luat
Hiep hdi nginh hang, id chiJc qud'c te/phi chinh phu
Tham va'n v&\ cd auan chinh Quven Hidm
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Thinh thoang 0 0 90,7 45.5 71,7 1.3 34.1
Binh thir£rng
99,4 99.4 9,0 53,8 27.7 98,1 65.3
Thifcfng xuyen
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R9't thifcfng
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 BANG 4: DANH GIA CGA DOANH NGHIEP VE CAC HINH THCfC H 6 TRO
CUA CHiNH PHU NOi dung
Cung cap thong tin {phdp ludt, chinh sdch, quy hoach ngdnh dien, tht trudng trong mtdc vd khu vUc )
H§ trd v^ mat phap l^/thu tuc hanh chinh Ho trd d&o tao, tap huS'n nouon nhan lu'c
H§ trd chuven giao cone nshe mdi/siJ dung vat lieu tiet kiem H§ trd tie'p can thi trUdng/khach hang
Ho trd cai tie'n quy trinh san xuat/xuat khau
Chinh sach khuye'n khich, hS trd (siJ dung cong nghe m<3i/vat heu tiet kiem nana lu'dng: ho trd khi gSp riii ro )
Di^m TB 3,48 3.52 3.50 3,53 3,52 3,49 3.48
Mgt sdde xud't
De doanh nghiep san xua'l dien nang cd the tid'p can ve nhffng quy dinh, chinh saeh hd trd cua Nha nffdc mdt each day du va nhanh chong, lac gia de xudt mdt so'giai pbap sau:
Thff nhdt. can hoan thidn he tbd'ng Iuat pbap, ehinh sach ve phat trien ben vffng dien nang Iam ed sd pbap ly cho mot boat ddng didn Iffe, lao hanh lang phap Iy cho boat ddng ki^m soat va dieu phd'i thi trffdng didn Iffc. Nghien cffu xay dffhg day du eac khudn kho phap ly, cdc dieu kien de sdm hinh thanh dii trffdng dien life eanh tranh.
Thff hai, ddn gian hoa thu tuc hanh cbinh/lbu luc pbap ly; ke't nd'i giffa ehinh quyen - DN - ngffdi dan de dam bao pbat tnen ben vffng xud't khau dien ndng.
Thff ba, can da dang cac kenh thdng lin, nhff: dai, bao, iruyen hinh, website eua bd, sd, hiep hdi nganh hang, de chinh sach hd trd cua Nha nffdc dd'n dffdc vdi DN khdng bi cham ird.Q
TAI LI|;U THAM K H A O — — — — 1. Bd Ngoai giao Viet Nam (2019a). Bdn tin Kinh te'sdthdng 04-2019, truy cap tff bllps://ngkl.
mofa.gov.vn/forums/Iao/ban-lin-kinh-le-so-thang-04-20I9/
2. Bp Ngoai giao Viet Nam (2019b). Bdn lin Kinh te'sd thdng 07-2019 , truy cap tff https://ngkt.
mofa.gov.vn/forums/lao/ban-lin-kinh-le-so-thang-07-20I9 , ^ ^•- 3. Tap ebl Nang Iffdng Vidt Nam (2019). Qudc gia Ldo vd chinh sdch phdt triin thuy diin, tmy cap tff http://nangluongvielnam.vn/news/vn/nhan-dinh-pban-bien-kien-nghi/quoc-gia-Iao-va- chinh-sach-phat-trien-tbuy-dien.html
Economy and Forecasl Review 131
