r j g i f 7.jgicirjMisr«grej A ^ n'^^' h a n g hdi
DANH GIA RUI RO TREN TAU BIEN THEO Bd LUAT ISM
(Tiep theo So 4/2011) Oe lap quy trinh va thdc hien d i n h g i l riii ro mpt d e h day du, e I n n i m vffng nhffng van de m i u chdt sau:
Xac d i n h cac tac n g h i e p t h e n c h d t tren t a u
Tuy theo tinh chat d c boat d p n g rieng biet eua minh, mdi tau eo the dupe chia ra nhieu vj t r i h o l e b d phan.
Moi vj tri h o l e b d p h i n dUoc chia n h d thanh nhieu hoat d d n g h o l e eong viec khIc nhau va x l c djnh nhffng t i e nghiep then chdt. Dudi d i y ehi I I m p t so vi du ve t i c nghiep then chdt. Tuy nhien cung p h i i nhan manh rang danh muc dudi day chda that day du, cdn co nhieu t i c nghiep then chdt phai thue hien tren tau, can can cff tinh hinh thffc te de bo sung day du, lap t h e m c l e danh muc kiem tra (DMKT) de d i m bao t i e nghiep a n t o l n tren t l u .
Boong (Deck)
- Hdng hde d c thiet bj, t i c nghiep hang hai then chot nhU radar, GPS, giao ca tren bien (Failure of critical navigational items like radars, GPS, Changing over watch at sea)
- Khdi dpng b o m sU co (Starting emergency fire pump)
- Khdi dpng b i n g tay thiet bj cffu hoa CO djnh (Manual activation of fixed fire extinguishing)
- Cac quy trinh ngUdi roi xudng bien (Man Overboard procedures)
- Ha v l t h u xudng cffu sinh (Lowering and raising of lifeboats)...
T h u y e n t r U d n g TIEU V A N KINH
May (Engine)
- Cap nhien lieu (Bunkering)
- C h u I n bi eho t l u den va khdi hanh (Preparation for departure / arrival)
- Chuyen doi tff HFO sang MOO va ngupc lai (Changeover from HFO to MOO and vice versa)
- Khdi ddng may phat dien sff co (Starting emergency generator)
- Cli/taeh m I y via (Engaging/
disengaging turning gear)
- Quy trinh p h i t hien bao dpng hoi dau (Oil mist detection positive alarm procedure)
- Quy trinh khi chay trong khoang gio quet (Procedure in event of scavenge fire)
- Tic nghiep ODME trong khi t h i i nude lacanh (Operation of the QDME Bang 4-Danh m u c k i e m t r a tac n g h i e p t h e n chdt DMKTTACNGH
THEN CHOT - CRITICAL OPERATION CHECKLIST
IE? SHIPS NAME Call sign
BO P H A N - DEPARTMENT SO TT DMKT - CHECKLIST N D(E)
HANOI MIJC Tl UN C'HOT-CRITIf.'XL ITLM
NGUOl e m u TR,N1IILM - AUTHORISED I'hRSONNbL
S6TT TAC NGHIEP/CONG VIEC - OPERATIONS / WORK ACTIVITY
THUYEN TRUONG HOAC MAY TRUONG KY TEN MASTER OR CHIEF ENGINEER'S SIGNATURE:
during bilge discharge)...
Viec khdi dpng va khdi dpng lai d e thiet bj then chot cung d n lap thanh DMKT de sff dung d noi eo d c thiet bj tddng dddng dat tai nhffng vj tri thich hpp nhd phong dieu khien mIy...
Mdi t i e nghiep then chot d n lap mpt bang DMKT. B i n g 4 dddi day la b i n g
"DMKT tae nghiep then chdt" thudng dupc I p dung.Trong DMKT, " t i c nghiep then chdt" dupe chia nho thanh cle " t i e nghiep/cong viec", ghi vao cac dPng trong b i n g va d i n h so 1, 2, 3... So lupng d c " t i e nghiep/cong viec" nhieu hay it la tuy d loai t i e nghiep then chot. Khi can d i n h gia rui ro mpt"tae nghiep then chot" thi p h i i thuc hien d i n h gia rui ro tffng "tae nghiep/cong viec" trong "tac nghiep then chot" do. Sau khi da thiet lap, DMKT cd the dugc sff dung lai eho eung m o t t l e nghiep then chot, vi vay d c bang "DMKT t i c nghiep then chot"
p h i i d i n h so thff t u v l ky hieu, ehIng han, neu t i e nghiep then chot la thuoc bd phan boong thi eP ky hieu chff D dat truPe sd thff t u 1, 2, 3...;
thupc b d phan may thi dung chff E.
InitiaK - kv
DALE:
Tapchi HdnghdiVietNam • 5/2011 5 3
AN TOAN GIAO THONG A n ninh hang hai
Bang 5-T6ng hprp nguy cor cho mdi "tac nghiep/cong viec"
CHECKLIST No SO TT DMKT No:
S6TT nguy ca
(Risk N°)
1 2 3...
Nguy ca gan lien vai tac nghiep/cong viec (Hazards associated with operation/work activity)
OPERATIONS/WORK ACTIVITY-TAC NGHIEP/CONG VIEC
No: '. '...
Muc do khoe liet cua hau
qua (Consequence Severity)
Bien phap laem soat/che chan hien
tai (Existing
Control Safeguards)
Content of operation/work activity Noi dung tac nghiep/cong viec
Kha nang xay ra (Likelihood)
Muc khoe liet (Severity)
Cap do nii ro (Risk Level)
Can tang cudng bien phap kiem soat C/K?' '
(Additional Controls Rq'd. Y/N?)
Bang phu 6-Xac dinh nguy cor cho moi tac nghiep/cong viec
\ ^ Cac nguy cff
Tac nghiep/cong viec ^ v Buoc tau
Xep / da hang San ngoai man Han cat Rua bang cao ap Ha cau thang sinh hoat Thuc tap xuong cijru sinh Tac nghiep/cong viec khac
Roi xuong dyoi / xuong nu-ac
Vat la danh triing ngu'di
X
jx
X
X X
X X
Phoi nhiem
hoa chat
X
Hit phai
hoi gas
X
Chay
X
No
X
6 nhiem moi tru'dng
X
Bong
X
Va cham
bi thuong
X X
X X X
Nguy
Cff
khac
6 mdt sd edng ty xay dffng he thdng danh g i l rui ro dffa tren phuong phIp
"Phin tieh an t o l n eong viee" (Job Safety Analysis-JSA) hay "Oinh gia rui ro edng viee"(Job RiskAsessment-JRA).Od eung II mpt edng eu dinh gil rui ro hieu qua. Oanh g i l rui ro thdng qua JSA/JRA cd d e yeu td v l muc dieh tuang tff nhd yeu eau trong cle quy dinh.
Trong file hd so lUu DMKT eua thuyen trddng, d trang dau lien phii co bang
"Danh sleh d c DMKT tie nghiep then chdt" va tren bing danh sleh do phii ed vi tri gilnh cho viee xem xet xle nhan eua OP/Chuyen vien eua cong ty. Cdng ty phai tien hanh xem xet tdi thieu moi nam mdt lin v l phan hdi cho t l u .
Xac dinh nguy cor cho moi tac nghiep/cong viec va mufc do hau qua
Tff cdt thff Iff d Bing 4 "DMKT tie nghiep then chdt" nIo dd, gdm cae
"tie nghiep/cong viec" ehi tiet (da dupe danh sd 1, 2, 3...), liy mdt "tae nghiep/
edng viee", ehuyen sang Bing 5. Khung tren eung eua Bang 5 ghi "So TT eua DMKT", sd thff tff cua "tic nghiep/cong
viee" v l "Ndi dung cua tie nghiep/cdng viee". Bay gid thi ta thdng ke tat d d c nguy cd eua "tie nghiep/cdng viee" dd vao cot 2 cua Bing 5 (Tdng hpp nguy ca eho mdi "tie nghiep/cdng viec").
Van de II d e h xae dinh ele nguy ca nhu the nIo? Oe giup xlc dinh d e nguy ca ta lap them Bing phu 6, day II mdt bing thi du ve xlc dinh nguy ca. Trong bing nly ta dd bao mdi "tie nghiep/
edng viee" ed the gay ra nhffng nguy co nao. Cd the md them cle cdt ben phai de bd sung them d c nguy ea co the tren t l u va them d e ddng d dudi de bd sung eae "tie nghiep/cong viec" m l ta quan tam. Bing d e h nay se khdng bd sdt ele nguy ca.
Sau khi xle djnh nguy ea d Bing 6, ta thdng ke chung vao cot 2 Bing 5, lan Idpt dinh sd thff tff eua nguy ca 1, 2, 3...
Bddc tiep theo, ta quay lai Bing 2 de xle djnh "mffc dp khdc liet" eua tffng nguy cd (1,2,3,...) v l ghi "mffc dp hau qua" vao cdt 3 va con sd the hien "mffc dp hau qua" vIo cdt 6 cua Bing 5. Ghi d cdt 4 Bang 5 "cle bien phIp kiem solt/ehe
chin hien tai" dang l p dung cho tffng nguyea.
Xac dinh tan suait/kha nang xay ra cua nguy cor
Cin cff vIo hoan canh thffc leva thffc tien quan ly cua edng ty, thdng qua cdng tie thdng ke tai nan sff ed trong edng ty de xae djnh xem kha nang xay ra rui ro d edng ty nhd the nld. Khdng nen q u i cffng nhlc de xac djnh con sd nly. Offa vIo Bang 1 de xac dinh tan suat/kha ning xly ra eua nguy ca II A, B, C hole 0. Ghi kha nang xay ra vao cdt
"khi ning xay ra"d Bang 5.
Xle dinh cap dp rui ro va d c bien phIp tang cddng kiem solt
Cin cff "mffc dp khdc liet cua hau q u i " (1, 2, 3, 4) va "tan suit kha nang xay ra" (A, B, C, D) vIo "Bang 3-Olnh gia rui ro" de xae djnh cap dp rui ro va ghi vIo cdt 7 Bang 5 (Thap, trung binh thap, trung binh eao, eao). Neu cap dp rui ro d mffc "trung binh cao" hoac "cao" thi ghi can l i n g cddng kiem soil d cdt 8 (ehi ghi cd/khdng).
6 Bang 7 la ghi cac bien phap tang
5 4 - Tapchi HdnghdiVietNam • 4/2011
AN TOAN GIAO THONG
A n n i n h iTanq h ^ cudng kiem soat eho tdng nguy co,ngffdi ehiu trich nhiem, ngly tdi han cua hanh ddng t i n g cddng v l ngay phii hoan thanh bien phap t i n g cudng. Cuoi cung thi dai phd/mly trddng phai ky vIo bang danh gia rui ro va thuyen trudng ky duyet ban danh gil. Oen day eong viee danh gil rui ro eho mPt"tle nghiep then chot" da holn t i t .
truert nga: ong dan dau, ong dan hoi ed the bi nfft ro ri khien dau va hdi phun vao ngddi gay bdng; con ngddi eo the va vIo eac vat cffng khi di chuyen, lim viee.
Cdc bien phdp phong trdnh chi tiet: Khi lam viee trong budng mIy, nhat thiet phii mang dung eu bio hp lao dpng nhu gang tay, giiy bio hp, dung eu chong on, quan l o bio hp, mu cffng...
Bang 7-Cac bien phap tang cUdng Iciem soat S6TT
nguy CO (Hazard N")
1
Cac hanh dpng kiem soat neu can thiet (Hanh dong kiem soat tang cudng) khi nii ro cap do trung binh cao va cao {Further action if necessary (Additional Controls) for risk level medium-high or high }
Nguai chiu trach nhiem (Responsible)
3...
(**) Cac bien phap kiem soat (nhung khong han che) can xem xet va gh chi tiet:
1) D/E=Design/Engineering/77;;e; ke/ky thuat 2) Env=Environmental/Md; Irmmg
3) HE=Human Element/^ei; to con nguai
4) PPE=Personal Protection Equipment/rra/;^ tliiet bi bdo lio cd nlidn 5) Pro=Procedure/^(n' irinii...
Additional Comments/Nhan xet bo sung:
Signed / Ky Chief Oftlcer/Chi<
Date
;f Engineer
Ngay het han hanh dong bo ciJu (Remedial action due)
Ngay hoan thanh (Date Completed )
i vao cot 2 Cling cac hanh dong
Master
Dudi diy CO the lay them mdt sd vi du ve ele bien phIp t i n g eUdng kiem soat nhu sau:
Vidul
- Tdc nghiep then chot: Cdng tic bio dddng
- Ngudi thUc hien: thuyen vien boong - Tacnghiep/Cong viec: San ngoli man tau
-Nguyea. roi xudng nude, eo the chet duoi
- Cdc bien phdp tdng cddng vdi hdnh dong chi tiet: Kiem tra day ea b i n khdng bi hu hong; kiem tra thang day khdng bi hu hong; kiem tra viee ching bupe ca ban v l thang diy; phai sin sing ao phao; cd diy noi vPi phao trdn t h i xuong nude...
Vidu 2: Nguy cd tai ndi l i m viee Vdn de cdn quan tdm: ngddi lim viee trong buong mIy
Tac nghiep/cdng viec: Lam viee trong buong mIy
Nguyea: buong mIy la khu vde l i m viec CO nguy ed rui ro cao. 0 dd cd khi nang xly ra thuong tat ra't Idn, l i m b i t cff viec gi cung d n phai ehu y: Cle v i t nang eo the rdi tff tren xuong sin buong may; dau md day ra tren san cd the giy
Tdm tat cac bUdc danh gia rui ro Mpt quy tie ehung khi dinh gil rui ro la phii giii d i p cle eau U6\:Ai?Ldm gi?d ddu? Khi ndo? vd Idm nhU the ndo? (who, what, where, when, how). Nhffng phan tieh tren nhim lim sing td cle eong viec rieng biet trong q u i trinh thiet lap quy trinh dinh gil rui ro cdng vdi d c bieu bing kem theo quy trinh.
Sau khi xle dinh nhffng "tie nghiep theo ch6t"vl chia nhd nP thanh cle"tle nghiep/cong viec", viec dinh gil rui ro cd the tPm t i t qua cle budc theo so do:
1. Nhan dang nguy eo. Phin tieh/
Xem xet/Olnh gil - Oat clu hoi "Chuyen gi xly ra, neu...?" (sff dung Bang 6 va ghi vIo Bang 5).
2. Phan tich hau q u i eo the {Xle dinh d p dp rui ro bing d e h sff dung Bing 1, 2, 3. d Bing 3, neu d p dd rui ro nam trong d mau xanh thi bo qua, khong cin ed bien phIp tang eUdng. Neu cap dp rui ro nim d d mau vang thi ehi can kiem tra lai cle bien phap an toln hien eo.
3. Oda ra d c bien phIp kiem solt d n thiet. Neu d p dp rui ro nim d 6 miu do Bing 3, dd II d p do khong the bd qua, phai thay doi bien phap kiem solt v l / hoac thue hien giii phIp kiem solt ting
cudng, ghi vao Bang 7.
4. Quyet dinh cho thuc hien.TrUde khi thffc hien, loan bp dinh gia rui ro phai dugc thuyen trddng va sy quan phu trich xem xet v l ky.
5. Thffc hien, bit d i u ap dung cle giai phIp kiem solt ting cddng.
6. Gilm sIt/Xem xet.
Phin eong ngudi ehiu trach nhiem gilm sat, xem xet ele bien phIp tang cddng. Neu co van de nghi vin viec dinh gil rui ro cac tic nghiep/cong viec, CO the quay lai tff budc diu tien.
Oinh gil rui ro mpt d e h nghiem tuc, thffc chit nhim ngin chan rui ro khong phii la mpt viee q u i phffc tap.
Chi d n nhan thffc dung sff d n thiet, tam quan trpng eua danh g i l rui ro v l tff gilc tien hinh tren cd sd cong ty tien hanh huan luyen chu dIo, kiem tra thudng xuyen de viec dinh gil trd thanh thoi quen thi nhffng cong viec kieu nhd dinh gil rui ro se trd nen don giin, khong cd gi q u i khd doi vdi dpi ngu sy quan cao d p v l toln the thuyen vien tren tlud>
Tai lieu tham khao:
[1]. ISM Risk Management (Germanischer Lloyd 2010/03)
[2]. A Guide to risk assessment in ship operations (Published: lACS 2004)
[3]. Risk assessment - your ticket to safety on board (Norwegian Maritime Derectorate)
[4]. Risk Assessment Guidelines (Class NK October, 2009)
[5]. Risk Management in Shipping Industry (Lloyds Register)
[6]. Risk Management in Shipping Companies (Lloyds Register, 2005)
[7]. Formal Safety Assessment (IMO MSC83/INF.2 14 May, 2007)
[8]. Bo lull QuIn ly an toln quPe te.
Phien bin 2010.