36(2), 108-120 Tap chr CAC KHOA HOC VE TRAI B A T
^DANH GIA NGUY CO THIET HAI DO TRl/OT L O DAT GAY RA
0 CAC HUYEN MIEN NUI TINH QUANG NGAI
PHAM VAN HUNG Email: phamvanhungvdc@gmaiLcom Vien Dia chdt, Vien Han Idm Khoa hoc va Cong nghe Viet Nam
N g a y n h a n b a i : 1 4 - 1 - 2 0 1 3
l . M d a i u
Cac huyen midn nui tinh Qudng Ngai ndm trong vimg cd didu kidn ty nhien rat phiic tap, hang nam phai himg chiu nhirng tdn that khong nhd do tai bidn dia chdt gdy ra; dac biet la trugt Id ddt (TLD) dang cd xu hudng ngdy mgt gia tang ca vd quy md va tan sudt xuat hien, de lai nhirng hau qud ndng ne cho cudc sdng ciia ngudi dan. Dan cu phan bd tap trung d cac thi trdn va dgc theo cac tryc dudng giao thdng lidn huyen, tinh. Tai bien dia chdt (TBDC) ndi chung, TLD ndi rieng cd nguy ca gay thiet hai ldn d mdt sd dja phuong, dnh hudng tryc tiep ddn quy hoach phat tridn bdn viing kinh te - xa hgi (KT-XH) va bao ve mdi trirdng. Do vay, nghien ciru TBDC ndi chung, TLD ndi rieng, nghien citu ddnh gid nguy co thiet hai do TLD gay ra la mpt trong nhiJng ngi dung quan trgng, lam co sd khoa hpc phyc vy quan ly tai bidn, phdng trdnh gidm nhe thiet hai do tai bien gay nen.
Cho den nay, tren dia bdn cdc huyen mien nui linh Quang Ngai chua cd cdng trinh nao nghien ciru danh gia chi tidt nguy co thiet hai do TLD gay ra, lam co sd cho quan ly tai bien, phdng tranh gidm nhe thien tai, quy hoach sir dung hop ly tai nguyen lanh thd vd phdt tnen ben viing KT-XH.
Cdng trinh ndy trinh bdy nhiing kdt qua nghidn cuu budc ddu ve nguy ca thidt hai do TLD gdy ra d cac huydn midn niii tinh Quang Ngai.
2. Cff sd tai lieu va phuomg p h a p nghien ciru Cac tai lieu su dyng de danh gid nguy co thiet hai do tai bien TLD gdy ra bao gdm ban dd nguy CO tai bidn TLD (H) va ban dd kha nang chdng
chju tai bidn cua cdc ddi tugng KT-XH (V). Bdn dd nguy CO TLD cdc huydn midn nui tinh Quang NgSi dd dugc thanh lap nam 2013 ty Id 1:50.000 [2]. Cac ddi tugng chju tai bidn TLD d viing nui tinh Quang Ngai bidn ddng rdt phdc tap, duoc dua vdo dd ddnh gia nguy eg thidt hai (R) bao gdm: dan cu, cdc cdng trinh kinh td dan sinh, cdc cdng trinh giao thdng, thiiy loi, thiiy didn va tdi nguyen ddt dai. Do cd sy bidn ddng cua cac ddi tugng chiu tai bidn, nen cac tai lieu sir dung de danh gia khd nang chju tai bidn TLD ciia cdc ddi tugng KT-XH tinh ddn thang 11 nam 2010. 6 vimg niii tinh Quang Ngai, vide danh gia dua tren eg sd tai lidu quy hoach phat tridn KT-XH tinh Quang Ngai ddn nam 2020 da ditpc Thii tudng Chinh phii phd duyet ngay 20 thang 11 nam 2010 [5].
Dd ddnh gia nguy co thiet hai do TLD gay ra, cac phuang phap ap dung bao gom: phan tich anh viln thdm, khao sat thyc dia, phdn tich tdng hgp, phan tich so sdnh cap (AHP cua Saaty) [3] vd phan tich khdng gian trong mdi trudng GIS [7, 8]. Bdn dd khd nang chong chiu tai bien cua cdc ddi tugng dugc xay dyng dya tren phan tich danh gia vai trd cua cac ddi tugng chiu tai bien trugt Id va dugc tinh theo cdng thdc sau [5]:
'-T.^J'II'^'J
Trong do: V - la chi sd khd nang chdng chiu tai bidn trugt Id cua cac ddi tugng, Wj - id trpng sd ciia cac doi tugng thir j , Xij - la gid tn ciia Idp thir i trong ddi tuong chju trugt j ,
10
Vide tich hgp thdng tin trong mdi trudng GIS vdi phuang phdp phan tich da bidn da cho phep xay dung bdn dd kba nang chdng chju tai bidn do TLD gdy nen tren dia ban vung niii tinh Quang NgSi. Bdn do nguy co thift hai (R) dugc thdnh ldp tren co sd tich hgp thong tin tir cac ban dd nguy co tai bidn (H) vd ban dd kha nang chdng chiu tai bidn cua cdc ddi tugng chiu tai bidn (V). Nhu vay, bdn do nguy CO thi^t hai dugc thdnh lap theo cdng thiic sau [8]:
R = V * H = f (nguy co tai bien, ddi tugng chju tai bidn) = ^XiYj.
Trong dd: R la ban do nguy ca thj$t h?i, V la ban do khd ndng chong chiu tai bidn cua cac ddi tirgng KT-XH, H la bdn dd nguy eg tai bidn, X la diem sd cap nguy ca tai bien i, Y la diem sd cua cap chiu tai bien j .
Phuang phdp danh gid nguy ca thidt hai da dugc dd cap den trong nhieu cdng trinh khoa hpc tren thd gidi [1, 3, 8]. Tuy nhidn, d nudc ta ddnh gid nguy co thidt hai cdn la van dd mdi vd khd, bdi nh&ng b^t ciip chinh trong viec xdc djnh do ldn vd ludn bidn ddng ciia cac ddi tugng chiu tai bidn. Do dd, nhirng ket qud danh gid nguy co thidt hai do tai bidn gay ra ciia nhiing cdng trinh nghien ciru trudc ddy cdn mang tinh djnh tinh. Vi v^y, trong ddnh gid nguy ca thi^t hai, vi?c xdc djnh vai trd ciia tirng ddi tugng KT-XH d dia phuong mdi dimg d muc d$: coi con ngudi la tai san vd gid, khdng the tinh dugc bang tidn vd Id doi tugng quan trgng nhdt Do v4y, milt dg ddn cu Id ddi tuong chju tai bidn quan trgng nhdt, tidp ddn la cdng trinh ddn sinh (tai san cua nhd nudc vd nhan ddn),.... Trgng cdng trinh ndy, t§p thd tac gia ddnh gid nguy co thidt hai do TLD gdy ra trdn ca sd nhiing dir lieu KT-XH hidn cd, cap nhit trong thdi gian gan day vd budc ddu dugc djnh lugng hoa.
3. Ket qud nghien eii'u
3.1. Xdy dung bdn dd nguy ctf thiit hai do tru^
l& dat gay nen
Trong dieu kidn cdc tdi hdu thdng ke vd cac ddi tugng KT-XH chiu tai bidn TLD d dia phuang ludn bidn dgng, thay ddi hdng nam. cdng trinh nay dd cd gdng cgp nh|it, thu th^p, tdng hgp cdc sd li|u, tdi li?u gdn ddy nhat vd tinh hinh phat trien KT-XH ciJa dja phuang, thd hipn trong quy ho^ich phat
trien KT-XH tinh Qudng Ngai ddn nam 2020 [5].
Tren ca sd xem xet tdng hgp cdc hoat ddng KT- XH d dja phuang cho thdy, cac doi tugng trong khu vyc nghidn cihi chju tai bidn, cd thd bj thiet hai do TLD gay ra gdm: dan cu, cdc cdng trinh kinh td dan sinh, dudng giao thdng, cdng trinh thuy didn, thuy lgi va tdi nguyen ddt dai. Nhdm dan cu vd cdc cdng trinh kinh te dan sinh bao gdm: cdc cum ddn cu song d cac thi trdn, dpc cdc dudng qudc Ig, tinh Id, lien huydn, lidn xd, lien thdn, cdc cum ddn cu sdng dgc cac sdng sudi, trdn cdc sudn nui d viing mien niii. Cdc cdng trinh xay dung dan dung bao gdm: nha d, cac cdng trinh cdng cdng trong khu vuc nhu trudng hpc, cho, benh vien, tram xd, try sd cac CO quan hdnh chinh; cdc cdng trinh xdy dyng cdng nghidp gom: cdc khu vyc khai thdc khodng san, khu cdng nghiep,... ddu Id nhung ddi tugng chiu tdc dgng do TLD. Nguy co thidt hai se cang cao khi m^t dp cdng trinh cang ldn. Nguy co thidt hai ve vdt chat vd con ngudi se cdn ldn hon khi d day dang cd nhirng boat dgng ddng ngudi. Nhdm cdng trinh giao thdng bao gdm: cac QL24, cdc tinh Id 622, 623, 626,... cac dudng lidn huyen, lien xa, lidn thdn d vimg mien niii. Cdc cdng trinh thiiy didn, thuy lgi, kdnh muang tudi tieu vd cdc cdng trinh phy trg phyc vy cho thiiy dipn, thiiy lgi nhu:
nhd xudng, kho bai, tram bam, kenh muang,... Tdi nguyen ddt gdm: ddt ddn cu, ddt riing ty nhien, rimg bdo tdn, riing ddu ngudn; rimg trdng, riing sdn xudt, khoanh nudi; dat sdn xudt ndng nghidp: trdng lua, hoa mau, cdy ndng nghidp khac. Ddnh gid kha nang chdng chiu tai bidn TLD cdn dugc dya tren CO sd hien trang phat tridn KT-XH cua dja phuang.
Nhiing ddi tugng KT-XH da dugc cap nhat theo cac sd lieu thdng kd cd thd dugc ddn thdi gian hidn nay. Trong do, ddng chii y nhdt chinh Id yeu td con ngudi vd ha tdng ca sd KT-XH.
(i) Mat do dan sd dugc coi Id ddi tugng quan trgng nhdt ddi vdi tai bien TLD, cho 9 diem, Bdi IS con ngudi la ddi tugng nhay cam nhdt trong cac ddi tugng chju tdc ddng ciia tai bien TLD. Miic do thidt hai ve ngudi khdng the tinh bang vat chdt nhu nhirng ddi tuong khac, song ve mat xa hpi \^i Id nhiing tdn that khdng thd bii ddp ndi. Khi mat dg dan cu cdng cao thi khd nang chdng chju tai bidn cdng kem, ngugc lai, mat do ddn sd cdng thdp thi khd nang chong chju tai bidn cang tdt, Cdp m^t dg dan cu rdt ldn Id nai cd mat dg dan cu tap trung Idn hi >200 ngudi/km" nhu: thi trdn Tra Xudn, Di Ldng. Nhimg not ndy la noi tap trung phdt trien ddn cu kha manh, bdi ddy Id trung tam hanh chinh huydn. Cap mat dg ddn cu ldn la noi cd mat dp ddn
109
cu tiip trung 100-200 ngudi/km nhu: cac xa bao quanh cac thj tran Tra Xudn, Di Ldng vd cac thi trdn khde ciia cdc huyen mien niii tinh Quang Ngai.
Nhiing nai nay la nai tap trung phdt trien dan cu ldn, bdi day la trung tdm hdnh chinh huydn. Mat dd ddn sd trung binh Id nhirng noi tap trung ddn cu vdi mat dp dan cu 50-100 ngudi/km^ Dd chinh la cdc xa thudc huyen Ba To, Son Hd, Minh Long va mdt sd xa d Trd Bdng va Tay Tra. Mat dp ddn sd thdp Id nhiing noi cd mat dp ddn cu 25-50 ngudi/km^ vd rat thap la <25 ngudi/km^; phan bd rdng rai trong khu vyc nghidn ciiu. Diem cho cac cdp mat dp ddn sd theo khd nang chdng chju tai bidn: rat tdt (<25ngudi/km-) - 1, tdt (25-50) - 3, trung binh (50- 100) - 5, kem (100-200) - 7, rdt kem (>200) - 9
(il) Mat do cdng trinh kinh td dan sinh dugc coi la ddi tugng quan trpng thii 2 ddi vdi tai bien TLD, cho 7 didm. Bdi le, cac cdng trinh dan sinh chinh la todn bd tdi sdn cua cu dan cung nhu cua Nhd nudc trdn dja ban sinh sdng ciia ngudi ddn dia phuong.
Mat do cdng trinh kinh te dan sinh rdt ldn (>152 cdng trinh/km^) la noi cd mat do ddn cu tap trung rdt ldn, cdc cdng trinh dan sinh cua Nha nudc, dja phuong ciing tap trung d nhirng nai ndy, nhu: thi trdn Tra Xuan, Di Lang, cac xa Tra Phong, Long Hidp, Son Tan va thj trdn Ba Ta Cdp mat dp cdng trinh kinh te ddn sinh ldn (114-152 Ctr/km^) la ngi cd mat dp dan cu tap trung Idn nhu cac xa bao quanh cdc thi trdn huyen. Mat dp cdng trinh kinh td ddn sinh trung binh id nhiJng noi tap trung dan cu vdi mire trung binh, Dd chinh Id cac xa thupc huydn Ba To, Son Ha, Minh Long va mpt sd xa d Tra Bong va Tdy Tra. Mat dp cdng trinh kinh td ddn sinh thap, rat thap la nhirng noi cd mat dp dan cu thap vd rat thap. Tiiy thudc vao mat dp cdng trinh kinh te dan sinh, cd thd chia lam 5 cdp: rdt tdn, ldn, trung binh, nhd va rat nhd va tuong img la cap dp chiu tai bidn rdt kem, kem, trung binh, tdt va rat tdt. Diem ciia cac cdp kha nang chdng chiu tai bien nhu sau: rat tdt (<39 cdng trinh/km") - 1, Idt (39-76)-3, trung binh (76-114)-5, kem (114- l52)-7vardtkem(>152)-9.
(hi) Nhdm cac cdng trinh giao thdng, bao gdm cac dudng qudc lp, tinh Id vd cdc tuydn dudng lidn huydn, lien xa, lidn thdn bdn dirge danh gia la ddi tugng chiu tai bidn TLD thu 3 trong cac ddi tuong phat tridn KT-XH va cho 5 didm Bdi le, chiing la ha tang co sd trong su phat tndn KT-XH cua dja phuang Ddi tugng giao thdng ciing dugc chia thanh 5 cdp: rdt ldn, Idn, trung binh, nhd va rdt
nhd. Trdn dia ban huydn midn mil, mdt do dudng giao thdng thudc cdp dp rdt ldn (>l,891km/km^) tap trung d xung quanh mot sd thi trdn huyen Tay Tra, Trd Bdng, Son Ha, Ba To. Mat dd dudng giao thdng d cac cdp do trung binh, nhd vd rat nhd phdn bd d cdc xa xa trung tam huydn. Kha nang chdng chiu tai bidn ciia ddi tugng mat do giao thdng thd hidn la mat dp giao thdng cdng Ion, kha nang chdng chiu tai bidn cdng kem. Diem cud cdc cdp mat do giao thdng: rdt tdt (<0,428kin/km^) - 1, tdt (0,428-0,846) - 3, trung binh (0,846-1,264) - 5, kdm (1,264-1,891) - 7, rdt kem (>1,891) - 9.
(iv) Nhdm cdc cdng trinh thuy lpi, thiiy di?n dupc ddnh gia la ddi tuong cd vai trd quan trpng trong sy phat tridn KT-XH d dja phudng. Ddi tugng ndy dupc ddnh gia la ddi tugng chiu tai bidn thir 4 trong tdng thd cac ddi tugng KT-XH chiu tai bidn vd cho 3 diem. Ddi tugng nay cung dupc chia thdnh 5 cdp dua vdo gid trj dau tu phyc vy phdt tndn KT-XH ciia cdc cdng trinh: rat ldn, ldn, trung binh, nhd vd rat nhd. Trdn dia ban cac huydn midn niii tinh Quang Ngai, trong sy phat tridn KT-XH, cong trinh hd dap thuy dien Id quan trgng nhdt, tiep ddn la cdng trinh thiiy Ipi, kdnh muang tudi tieu va cdc cdng trinh phy trg khac. Cac cdng trinh thuy didn d viing niii Qudng Ngdi phan bd d cac huyfn Tra Bdng, Tdy Trd, San Tay nhu: thuy didn Ca Dii, Hd Nang, Dak Dring. Cac cdng trinh thiiy Igi ciing phan bd rdi rdc d cac huydn nhu d cdc xa Trd Binh, Tra Phii, Tra Giang vd Trd Tan (huydn Trd Bdng), Di Lang, Son Giang, Son Ha, Son Lidn (huydn Son Ha), Long Son, Long Mai, Long Hiep (huy^n Minh Long), Ba To, Ba Trang, Ba Lien, Ba Khdm (huyen Ba To). Cdc kenh tudi tidu, tram bom, kho vdt tu va cac cdng trinh phu trg khac nhu: cdng, dap nhd, ke,... phan bd rai rac tren dia bdn cdc huyen mien mil Tra Bdng, Tay Trd, Son Tdy, San Hd, Minh Long vd Ba To. Kha nang chdng chiu tai bidn TLD cua cac cdng trinh thiiy didn, thuy lgi, kdnh tudi tidu, tram bom va cac cdng trinh phy trp khac tuang irng la rat kem, kem, trung binh, tdt, rdt tdt. Diem ciia cdc cap cdng trinh thuy didn, thiiy lgi: rdt tdt (cdng trinh khde) - I, tdt (tram bom, kho van) - 3, trung binh (kdnh tudi tidu) - 5, kem (thiiy loi) -7, rat kem (thuy dien) - 9.
(5) Nhdm ddi tugng sii dyng ddt (ddt da va
dang dugc sir dung) bao gdm: ddt dan cu, ddt sdn
xudt ndng nghiep, lam nghidp va rimg hr nhidn,
rirng bdo tdn ddu ngudn. Vai trd cua cdc loai dat
trong sy phat tridn KT-XH d dia phuang dupc
danh gia Id ddi tugng chiu tai bidn thii 5 va cho I didm. Doi tugng ndy cung dugc phdn chia thdnh 5 cdp: ik ldn, ldn, trung binh, nhd va rdt nhd. Cdp do rat ldn Id nhihig nai phan bd ddt ddn cu phuc vu cho 1dm nha 6, cdc cdng trinh ddn sinh nhu: tram xd, Irudng hge, bdnh vien va tru sd UBND huydn, phudng, xd. Cap dd Idn Id dat sdn xudt ndng nghidp, trdng cay luang thue phyc vu true tidp ddi sdng cua cu ddn dia phuang nhu: ddt trdng liia, hoa mau, cdy cdng nghi?p thudc loai Idn. Day chinh la ngudn cung cap luong thyc, thyc phdm chinh cho doi sdng cua cu ddn dja phuong. Cap do trung binh id nhimg dien tich ddt riing trdng, khoanh nudi.
riing san xuaL Ddy cQng Id ngudn thu chinh cua cu dan dja phuong. Cdp do nhd vd rdt nhd Id ddt rung tai-sinh, riing tu nhidn vd riing ddu ngudn. Kha nang chdng chiu tai bien ciia cac loai ddt tuong iing la rdt k^m, kem, trung binh, tdt vd rdt tdt Diem cho cac cap do chiu tai bien TLD cua ddi tugng nay d viing n i i i t i n h Q u a n g N g a i t u o n g i i n g l a 9 , 7 , 5 , 3 , 1 .
Tren c o sd 5 ddi tugng chju tai bien TLD neu tren, ap dung phuang phdp phdn tich so sanh cap thdng minh da cho phep xdc l|Lp ma tr^n so sanh cap cdc ddi tugng chju tai bien va tir do tinh trgng sd cua chiing {bang 1).
Bang 1. Ma Iran so sanh Cjip cdc doi tircmg chju tai bien t r u y t lo- flat T^i nguyen dill Thiiydien. IhOy toi Cong trinh ddn sinti rai nguyen dit (1)
Thiiy di$n, thCiy toi (3) Cdng trinh giao th&ng (5) Cong trinh d3n sinti (7) Dan QU (9)
1 0,333 0,200 0,143 0,111
3,000 1 0,600 0,4Z9 0,333
5,000 1,667 1 0.714 0.556
7,000 2,333 1,400 1 0,778
9,000 3,000 1,800 1.286 1 Trpng so ciia cdc ddi tupng chiu tai bidn dupc
xdc dinh tren co sd ddnh gid vai trd cua timg nhdm ddi lugng chju tai bidn vd cho didm. Vai trd ciia tirng doi tugng chju tai bien chinh la dp Idn, hay vai trd ciia chiing ddi vdi ddi song KT-XH d dia phuang. Khd nang chdng chju tai bidn kdm hay tdt chinh la nhd vdo vai trd ndy ciia chiing trong ddi sdng KT-XH, Trpng so ciia cdc ddi tupng dugc gdn
theo thu tu tam quan trpng ciia tirng ddi tugng tren CO sd gldl ma tran tuong quan so sanh cdp giua 5 ddi tupng chju tai bien neu tren, Theo nguydn tdc so sdnh ndi tren va vector nguyen ly Eigen (ddi tugng nao cd kha nang chdng chju tai bidn kem nhat thi cd trgng sd Idn nhat va ngugc lai), cho phep tinh dugc mpt "tap hgp cdc trpng sd phii hpp nhdt" {bang 2).
Bang 2. Trong so cua cac doi t u y n g chju lai bien triryt I g dat Dfil lu'ij'ng ctiju ta[
Tnjng s6
biSn Dancu' 0,360
Cong trinh din sinfi 0,280
C&ng trinh giao thdng 0,200
Ttiuy dign, thuy lpi 0,120
Si> d^ng 6kt 0,040
Bdn do khd ndng chdng chiu tai bidn (V) {hinh 1) dugc xdy dyng tren ca sd tich hgp cac ban do ddi tirgng chju tai bien thanh phdn bang phep phan lich khdng gian trong mdi trirdng GIS. Bdn dd khd ndng chdng chiu tai bien cua cac ddi tugng (V) dugc xdy dyng trdn co sd tich hgp 5 bdn do ddi tugng chju lai bien thdnh phdn (5 ban dd kha nang chdng chju tai bidn cua cac ddi tupng KT-XH chju tai bien TLD). Bdn dd khd nang chdng chiu tai bidn TLD ciia cac ddi tugng dugc xdy dyng theo cdng thirc sau: V = 0,360 >< Bd_Dc + 0,280 x Bd_Ctrds + 0,200 X Bd_Ctrgt + 0,120 X Bd^Ctrtdtl + 0.040 "
Bd_^Tngd.
Trong dd: V- Ban dd khd ndng chdng chiu tai bidn ciia cac ddi tugng KT-XH, B d D c Id ban dd m§t dp dan sd, Bd^Ctrds la bdn dd mat dp cdng trinh
dan sinh, B d C t r g t Id bdn do mat dp dudng giao thdng, BdCtrtdtl Id bdn do cdc cdng trinh thiiy didn, thuy Igi va Bd_Tngd la ban do tai nguydn dat (sii dung ddt).
Danh gia nguy co thidt hai la qua trinh xac dinh mire dp thiet hai ciia cdc ddi tugng chju tai bien khi tai bien tac dpng den chiing, Tren nhung khu vyc cd nguy co TLD rdt cao vd kha nang chdng chiu tai bien ciia cac ddi tugng rat kem, thi nguy co thidt hai d khu vyc nay la rat Idn. Ngugc lai, nhirng khu vyc cd nguy co TLD rdt thdp va kha ndng chdng chiu tai bidn cua cac ddi tugng lai rdt tdt, thi nhiing khu vyc ay cd nguy co thiet h^i la rdt thdp. Ma trdn ddnh gia nguy co thidt hai do tai bidn TLD gay ra d cac huyen mien niii tinh Qudng Ngdi da dugc thiet lap (hang 3)
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Hinh 1 Ban aS khS nSng chong chiu tai bi6n tnrol \d d i t c^c huyf n miSn nOi flnh Qu3ng Ngai
Bdng 3. Ma trSn d d n h gid n g u y co* t h i # t hai d o tai bien t r u - g l I g d ^ t s a y ra vKh^ nSng chong
ThSp Tnjng binh
Ban do nguy c o thi?t heii cac huy^n midn niii tinh Qudng Ngai {hinh 3) dugc tich h g p tii ban dd nguy CO TLD {hinh 2) vdi ban do khd ndng chdng chju tai bidn cua cac ddi tugng KT-XH {hinh 1) thdng qua cdng cy GIS theo ma tr$n.
Bdn do nguy c a thi^t hai d o T L D cdc h u y ^ mien ndi tinh Qudng Ngai thd hi$n d 5 cdp khde nhau {hinh 3): nguy c o thidt hai rdt thdp, thap.
ChO thich. CSp nguy co thi§t hgi RT - Rit thlp, T - Th^p; Trung * ™ " 8 ^ ' " * * ' ^^ ^^ ^^ ' ° " - binh - TB; L - Ldn, RL - Rdt l*n
CHO GIAI Cap do nguy co IrucJI Id
Rat ihap HANH ^^^P
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kilometers
3 867672
1608195(14°30'45''l 1608195 (U'30'45")
Hinh 2. Ban do nguy co torgt Id dat cac huyen mien niii t'nh Quang Ngai [4]
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Hinh 3. Ban do nguy c a thiet hai do TLD cac huy#n m i l n nOi tinh Qudng Ngai
3.2. Bdnh gid nguy ca thiet hai do TLD gdy ra
^2.1. Huyen Tay Trd
Huydn Tay Tra ndm d phia tay bdc khu virc nghien cuu, cd didn tich rdng 33776 ha vdi dan sd 17825 ngudi phdn bd tap trung d cdc xa Tra Phong, Tra Lanh, Tra Tho, Trd Thanh, rai rac d cac xa Tra KJie, Trd Quan, Tra Xinh, Trd Trung vd dgc theo cac tinh Ig: TL622B, TL626. Kdt qud khoanh viing
nguy CO thidt hai do TLD gay ra cho thay, phdn ldn dien tich huydn Tay Tra cd nguy c a thidt hai d c ^ trung binh va thap (khoang 58,47%). Cdp nguy C(T thidt hai cao vd rat cao chiem 24,34% dien tich ciia huyen. Do vay, huyen Tdy Tra cd nguy co thi|t h?i do TLD d mirc dg trung binh - thdp. Thdng ke nguy CO thiet hai theo tirng xa cho thdy, cdc xd Trd Phong, Tra Ldnh vd Trd Quan cd nguy c o thi?t h^i d miic cao trong huydn (bdng 4).
Bang 4. Th6ng kfi nguy co" t h i f t hgi theo dien f c h huyen Tay Tra (ha)
Ban vi hdnh chlnh (xd) cdp nguy ctr Dii$t h^'
TrdKh*
Tr^Lfinh Trd Nham Trt Phong TA Qudn Trd Thanh Trt Tho Trt Trung TrdXinh Ting cl>ng (ha) Ph^n Irtm (%)
73,00 144,00 128,00 379.00 292.00 158,00 110,00 0,00 0,00 1284,00
504,00 1691,00 718,00 2173,00 1023,00 117.00 519,00 108.00 85.00 6938.00
1532,00 896.00 1005,00 1387.00 412,00 1143,00 1890.00 274,00 486,00 9025,00 2 6 , 7 2 %
970.00 93,00 362,00 101,00 106,00 2944,00 2539,00 1682,00 2062,00 10859,00 3 2 , 1 5 %
116,00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 223,00 107,00 57.00 5167,00 5670,00 16,79%
Viing CO nguy co thidt h^i do TLD rat cao rdng 1284 ha, chiem 3,8% didn tich cua huydn va phdn bd d cdc xa Tra Phong, Tra Quan vd Tra Lanh.
Viing cd nguy ca thidt h^i do TLD cao rgng 6938 ha, chidm 20,54% didn tich ciia huyen; phdn bd thdnh nhOng ddi kdo ddi theo phuang a kinh tuyen va d vy tuydn thugc dja phan cdc xa Tra Thanh, Trd Qudn, Tra Khd, Tra Lanh, Trd Thp, Tra Phong vd Trd Nham, Viing cd nguy co thidt hai do TLD trung binh rgng 9025 ha, chidm 26,72% dien tich ciia huy?n; phdn bd thanh nhiing ddi keo dai Iheo phirong a kinh tuyen va a vy tuyen thudc dia ph^n cdc xa Trd Thanh, Tra Khe, Tra Qudn, Trd Ldnh, Trd Thg, Trd Phong, Viing cd nguy co thiet h?ii do TLD thdp rgng 10859 ha, chidm 32,15%
di?n tich cua huydn; phan bd thdnh nh&ng ddi keo ddi theo phuang d kinh tuydn vd TB-DN thudc dia ph|n cdc xa Tra Khe, Trd Thanh, Trd Thg, Tra
Xinh va Tra Trung. Vimg cd nguy ca thiet hai do TLD rdt thdp rgng 5670 ha, chidm 16,79% didn tich ciia huyen; phan bd rai rac thudc dia phdn cac xa trong huyen, d dgc theo cdc ddng bang thung lung sdng va trung giQa nui cua huyen Tay Trd.
3.2.2. Huyen Trd Bong
Huyen Trd Bdng cd didn tich rdng 41926 ha vdi 29745 ngudi phdn bd tap trung d thi tran Trd Xudn, cac xa doc thung lung sdng Trd Bdng: Tra Giang, Trd Binh, Tra Phii, Trd Thuy, Trd Son va Tra Lam.
Kdt qua khoanh viing nguy co thiet hai do TLD cho thay, phdn ldn dien tich huydn Trd Bdng cd nguy co thidt hat do TLD d cdp thap va rat thdp (khodng 79,37%). Cap nguy co thiet hai do truot Id cao va rat cao chiem phdn it hon, khodng 20,63% didn tich ciia huydn Nhu vdy, huyen Trd Bdng cd nguy co thidt hai do TLD d muc trung binh-thap (bdng 5).
Bdng 5. Th6ng Ite nguy co- thiet hai theo dien tich huyen Tra Bong (ha)
Don v| hdnh chinh [xS] Cap nguyco thi#t hgi
Trd BInh TrtBul Trd Giang Trt Hi^p Trt Urn TrtPhiJ Trt Sen Trt Thiiy TrtTfln Trt Xuan Tdng cCng (ha) Phin trflm {%)
112,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 108,00 179,00 983,00 248,00 0,00 271,00 1901,00 4,53
270,00 108,00 101,00 212,00 1943,00 595,00 1836,00 1416,00 0.00 269.00 6750.00 16,10
1692,00 269.00 493,00 1775,00 1207,00 806,00 1746,00 2890,00 23,00 42,00 10943,00 26,10
1080,00 2445.00 338,00 52.00 1112,00 1975,00 2003,00 129,00 12263,00 29,25
0,00 1859.00 1947.00 342,00
29,00 806,00 5086,00 0,00 10069.00 24 02
Viing cd nguy co thiet h^i do TLD rat cao rdng 1901 ha, chidra 4,53% dien tich ciia huydn va phdn bd d cac xa Trd San, Tra Thuy, Tra Lam vd thi trdn Trd Xuan, huyen Tra Bdng. Viing cd nguy co thidt hai do TLD cao rdng 6750 ha, chidm 16,10% didn tich cua huydn; phan bd thdnh nhiing dai keo dai theo phuang a vy tuyen thudc dia phan cdc xa Trd Hidp, Tra Lam, Trd Thiiy, Tra Son, Trd Phu va Trd Binh. Vimg cd nguy ca thidt hai do TLD trung binh rdng 10943ha, chidm 26,10% didn tich cua huydn; phan bd thanh nhirng dai keo dai theo a vy tuydn thugc dia phan cdc xd Tra Binh, Tra Phii, Trd Hiep, Tra Lam va Tra Thuy. Vimg cd nguy co thiet hai do TLD thdp rdng 12263 ha, chidm 29,25%
didn tich ciia huydn; phdn bd thdnh nhirng dai keo ddi theo phuang a vy tuyen thugc dia phan cac xd Trd Biii, Trd Giang, Trd Hiep, Trd Tdn vd Trd
Thuy. Vung cd nguy ca thiet hai do TLD rdt th|p rdng 10069 ha, chidm 24,02% didn tich ciia huydn;
phdn bd rdi rdc thugc dia phdn cac xa Trd Biii, Tra Giang, Tra Thiiy, Tra Tan vd Tra Hiep.
3.2.3. HuySn San Tdy
Huyen Son Tdy cd dien tich rong 38222 ha vdi 18119 ngudi phdn bd tap trung d xa Son Mua, Son Tdn vd Son Dung, cac xa doc thung liing song Mdu: San Mau, Son Tinh. Kdt qua khoanh vung nguy CO thidt hai do trugt Id dat cho thay, phan Ion dien tich huydn Son Tdy cd nguy co thiet h^ do TLD d cap trung binh, thap vd rat thap (khoaiig 93,61%). Cap nguy co thiet hai do tnrgt Id cao Va rdt cao chiem phan rdt it, 1,00% didn tich cua huyen. Nhu vay, huyen Son Tay cd nguy ca thiet hai do TLD d miic dp thap - rat thdp {bang 6).
Bang 6. Thong Ite nguy c c thiel hgi theo d i f n tich huyfen S e n Tdy (ha)
Den VI hanh chinh (xa) d p nguy ca thi^t h@i
Scvn Bua Sen Dung Son Lien Son Long Son Lap Son Mau Son Mua Son T^n Son Tmh T6ngopng (ha) Phan tram (%}
0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 90,00 0,00 90,00 0,20
0,00 9,00 0,00 f),DO 0.00 0.00 15,00 189,00 0,00 313,00 0,80
0,00 816,00 0,00 4,00 6,00 4,00 156,00 631,00 125,00 2042,00 5.34
54,00 3878,00 996,00 2309,00 308,00 2678,00 1988,00 1966,00 2549,00 16854,00 44,10
4302,00 657,00 2481.00 1015,00 5101.00 1497,00 1892,00 293,00 1685,00 18923,00 . 49,51
Vung cd nguy co thiet hai do TLD rdt cao va cao rdng 403 ha, chiem 1,00% didn tich cua huydn va phan bd d xa Son Tan. Viing cd nguy co thiet h^i do TLD trung binh rpng 2042 ha, chidm 5,34%
dien tich ciia huydn, phan bd thanh nhiirng ddi keo dai theo a kinh tuydn thudc dia phan cdc xa Scm Tan, Son Dung, San Mua va San Tinh. Viing cd nguy CO thiet hai do TLD thdp va rdt thdp rpng 35777 ha, chidm 93,61% didn tich cua huyen; phan bd thanh nhirng dai keo dai theo phuong a kinh tuydn thudc dia phan cac xa Son Dung, San Long, Son Mdu, Son Miia, Son Tan va Son Tinh. Ngoai ra viing nguy ca thidt hai thdp vd rdt thdp cdn phdn bd rdng khdp d cac xa Son Bua, San Lien va Son Lap.
3.2.4. Huyen San Hd
Huyen San Hd cd dien tich rpng 75192 ha vdi 68448 ngudi phan bd tap trung d thi trdn Di Ldng, cdc xa Son Ha, Son Thanh vd Son Giang vd cac xa dpc thung lung sdng Re: Son Trung, Son Hdi, Son Thuy, Son Ky va Son Ba. Kdt qua khoanh viing nguy CO thiet hai do TLD cho thdy, phdn ldn di?n tich huyen Son Ha cd nguy ca thidt hai do tnrgt 16 ddt d cdp tir cao ddn trung binh va thdp (khoang 79,21 %). Haj cdp nguy ca thiet hai do trugt Id r^t cao vd rdt thdp d huydn Son Ha chi chidm phdn rat it, 20,80% didn tich ciia huydn. Nhu vay, kdt qua khoanh viing nguy co thidt hai do TLD gdy nen d huydn Son Hd cho thdy, huydn San Ha cd nguy CO thiet hai do truot Id ddt d miic dd cao - trung binh
{bang 7).116
Bdng? . Thing kd nguy ctr thift hai theo di|n tich huyin S<m Ha (ha) ... ^ .., . . .. Cdp nguy CO this hai IIU| 111 ( )
DiUng SonBa Son Bao Son Cao Son Giang Son Ha Somhtdl SonKy Son Unh Son Nham Son Thuy Son Thv^ng Son Thdnh Son Trung Ting c^ng (ha) PhSn tram (%)
Rdt cao 408,00
0,00 562,00 675,00 271,00 703.00 402,00 0.00 117,00 75,00 1,00 621,00 535,00 439.00 4809.00 6,40
Cao 2694,00
385,00 1634,00 696,00 1160,00 1318,00 832,00 1254,00 545,00 122.00 1344,00 1408,00 2462,00 1111,00 16965,00 22,56
Tnjng blrdi 1820,00
911.00 1525,00 2319,00 1179,00 352.00 2457.00 1687.00 2475.00 1217.00 2165.00 1436.00 1793.00 833,00 22169,00 29,48
Thap 762,00 3011,00 2051,00 302,00 17,00 2.00 203.00 4551.00 3568.00 3838,00 976,00 1032,00 96,00 18,00 20427.00 27.17
Rltth^p 7,00 191,00 1111.00 16.00 0,00 0.00 0,00 7179.00 1497.00 788,00 12,00 14,00 0,00 7.00 10822.00 14,4
Vimg cd nguy co thi?t hai do TLD rdt cao rdng 4809 ha, chidm 6,40% didn tich cua huyen vd phan b6 d cdc xd San Bao, San Cao, Son Ha, Son Hdi, Son Thugng, Son Trung va thi tran Di Lang. Tuy nhidn, di?n tich cda viing cd nguy ca thiet hai rat cao d cdc xd ndi trdn khdng ldn, chi vdi tram hecta.
Viing cd nguy co thi?t hai do TLD cao rdng 16965 ha, chidm 22,56% didn tich ciia huyen; phan bd thdnh nhO'ng ddi kdo ddi theo phuong d kinh tuydn thu$c dja ph^n cdc xd Scm Bao, Son Cao, Son Ha, Son Ky, San Thuy, Son Thdnh, Son Tmng va thi Iran Di Ldng. Viing cd nguy co thi?t hai do TLD trung binh rdng 22169 ha, chidm 29,48% dien tich cua huy?n; phan bo thdnh nhiing dai keo ddi theo d kinh tuyen thupc dja phan hdu hdt cdc xa vd thi trdn trong huy^n. Viing cd nguy co thidt hai do TLD th^p rpng 20427 ha, chidm 27,17% didn tich ciia huy?n; phdn bd thanh nhiing ddi keo dai theo phuong d kinh tuydn thupc dia phan cdc xa Son
Bao, Son Ky, San Linh, San Nham va thi tran Di Lang. Vung cd nguy co thiet hai do TLD rat thap rdng 10822 ha, chidm 14,40% dien tich ciia huyen;
phdn bd rdi rac thupc dia phan cac xa Son Ba, Son Bao, Son Ky, Son Linh va Son Nham.
3.2.5. Huyen Minh Long
Huyen Minh Long cd dien tich rpng 21690 ha vdi 15521 ngudi phan bd tap trung d cdc xd Long Hiep, Thanh An va cac xa dgc thung lung sdng Phuoc Giang: Long San va Long Mai. Kdt qud khoanh viing nguy co thiet hat do TLD cho thdy, phdn ldn didn tich huyen Minh Long cd nguy co thidt hai do TLD d cdp tii thap den rdt thdp (khoang 84,86%). Cdp nguy co thiet hai do tnrgt Id rdt cao, cao va trung binh chidm phan rat it, khodng 15,14% dien tich cua huyen. Nhu vay, huydn Minh Long cd nguy co thidt hai do TLD d muc dp thap - rat thap (bdng 8).
Bdng 8. T h o n g ki nguy cv t h i f l hat theo dien tich huyen Minh L o n g Don v| hdnh chlnh {xS)
C^p nguy co Ihiet iiai
Long HiSp Long Mai Thanh An Long MQn Long Son T6ng cOng (ha) Ph6n tram (%)
215.00 0.00 33,00 0,00 0,00 248,00 1,14
374,00 0,00 422,00 0,00 78,00 874,00 4,00
58,00 905,00 76,00 271.00 2115,00 10,00
1449,00 1843,00 1496.00 3965,00 9047,00 41,60
32,00 2177,00 531,00 4464,00 2202,00 9406,00 43,26
Viing cd nguy co thi?t h^i do TLD rdt cao va cao rgng 1122 ha, chiem 5,14%i di?n tich ciia
huyen va phdn bd d xa Long Hidp va Thanh An.
Viing cd nguy co thidt hai do TLD trung binh rpng
2 l l 5 h a , chidm 10,00% didn tich ciia huydn; phdn bd d cdc xa Long Son, Long Hidp vd Thanh An.
Vimg cd nguy ca thidt hai do TLD thap rdng 9047 ha, chidm 41,60% dien tich ciia huyen; phan bd d cdc xa Long San, Long Mai, Long Mdn vd Thanh An. Viing cd nguy c o thiet hai do TLD rat thdp rdng 9406 ha, chidm 43,26%i di?n tich cua huyen;
phdn bd d cac xa Long Son, Long Mai va Long Mdn.
3.2.6. Huyen Ba Ta
Huydn Ba To cd didn tich rpng 113670 ha vdi
51546 ngudi phan bd t|,p trung d cac th} trdn Ba To vd cdc xd Ba Dgng, B a Cung va cdc xa dpc thung liing sdng Ta N o : Ba Chua, Ba Dinh, B a Td vd Ba Vi. Kdt qua khoanh vung nguy c a thiet hai do TLB gay ra cho thdy, phdn ldn dien tich huyen Ba To c6 nguy CO thi?t hai do TLD d cdp ta thdp ddn rdt thip (khodng 78%). Ca ba cdp nguy c o thiet hai do trupt Id gay ra d huyen Ba T a : rat cao, cao va trung binii chi chiem phdn rat it, khoang 2 2 % didn tich ciia huydn. N h u v|ly, dia ban huydn Ba T o cd nguy co thiet hai do trugt Id ddt gay ra d miic dd ti^p va rat thap (bdng 9).
Oan\
Bang 9. T h o n g Ice n g u y c a thiet hai theo d i e n t i c h h u y # n Ba T c (ha) Cap nguy co thi$t h^i
Rit cao Cao Trung binh Thlp
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R i t Blip *
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BaBich Ba Chiia Ba Cung Ba Dmh Ba Kham
B a L l Ba Nam Ba Ngac Ba Thanh
Ba Trang BaTo BaTo BaV[
Ba Vinh BaXa Ba Dien Ba D6ng Tong cong (ha) Phan tram (%)
0.00 157,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0.00 0.00 0,00 0,00 64,00
77,00 127,00 0,00 0,00 102,00 1111,00
114.00 354,00 265,00 102,00 0.00 0,00 0,00 0,00 598,00 67,00 1657,00 0,00 2088,00 734,00 1048,00 526.00 0,00 35,00 79,00 7667,00
772.00 827,00 935,00 1187,00 101.00 14.00 132,00 103,00 891,00 687,00 1659,00 25,00 2171,00 1162,00 1123,00 3337,00 476,00 271,00 364,00 16237,00
1791,01 3127,01 2752,0) 2715,01
2113,01 3307,01
2731,0 1441,0
2775,01 2578,01 3034,01
41,00 4646,00 2 1 5 9 , l » 141B.O0 5442,00 11093,00 421,00 619,00 105.W 12171,00 13,00
1094,00 273,00 47539,00 41.B3
Vimg cd nguy co thiet hai do TLD rdt cao rdng 1111 ha, chi chidm phdn rdt nhd, khdng dang kd (0,98%) dien tich cua huyen vd phan bd rai rdc d cdc xa Ba Chua, Ba Td, Ba Ddng, Ba Vioh va thi trdn Ba To. Viing cd nguy co thidt hai do tnrgt Id ddt cao rdng 7667 ha. chidm 6,74% didn tich ciia huyen;
phdn bd d thj trdn Bo To, cac xa Ba Tieu, Ba Vi vd rdi rdc d Ba Vinh, Ba Ngac va Ba Cung, Vung cd nguy CO thidt hai do trugt Id ddt trung binh rpng 16237 ha, chidm 14,28% didn tich cua huyen; phan
bd d hdu khdp cac xa trong huydn, trong dd ndi ldn cac xa Ba Tieu, Ba Td, Ba Dinh, Ba Vi va Ihi trdn Ba To. Viing cd nguy co thiet hai do TLD thdp rpng 41116 ha, chidm 36,17% dien tich ciia huydn; phSii bd rpng rai d cdc xa trong huyen, trong dd ndi len cdc xd Ba Bich, Ba Vinh, Ba Thanh, Ba Didn, BaXa vd Ba Le. Vimg cd nguy co thidt heii do TLD rat thap rdng 47539 ha, chidm 41,83% didn tich ciia huyen; phdn bd tap trung d cac xa Ba Xa, Ba Nam, Ba Trang vd Ba Dinh, huyen Ba Ta.
Tdm l?i, viing nui tinh Quang Ngdi cd didn tich ty nhien 324476 ha vdi 201204 ngudi, phdn bd tap trung chu yeu d cac thi trdn huydn, cdc xd ldn c^n vd dgc cdc true dudng giao thong TL622, TL622B, TL626, TL635 va QL24. Cac didu kidn phat tridn cdn thdp kem, ha tdng co sd dang dugc ddu tu xay dirag trong nhiJng nam gdn ddy va cho nhiing nam
tdi. Kdt qua khoanh viing nguy co thidt hai do TLD gdy ra cho thdy, phdn ldn didn tich viing niii tinh Qudng Ngai cd cap nguy ca thiet hai thap va rat thdp, chidm khodng 65,64% didn tich tu nhidn todn vimg. Cdp nguy co thidt hai do trugt Id ddt cao vd rat cao chi chidm phdn nhd, khodng 15,08% didn tich tu nhien (bang 10).
Bang 10. Thong Icecapnguyccpthiet hai tfieodifn tich (ha) Cap nguyco thi#t hai
BaTo Minh Long Son Ha Son Tay Tta Bfing ray Tra Tflng c^ng (ha) Philn tram (%)
4. K^t lu|n
Rit cao 1111,00
248,00 4809,00 90,00 1901,00 1284,00 9443,00 2,9
Cao 7667,00
874,00 16965,00 313,00 6750,00 6938,00 39507,00 12,18
Trung binh 16237,00
2115,00 22169,00 2042,00 10943,00 9025,00 62531,00 19,28
[2] Phgm Van Hi Thap
41116,00 9047,00 20427,00 16854,00 12263,00 10859,00 110566,00 34.07
mg, Nguyen Vdn Rit thlp .
47539,00 9406,00 10822,00 18923,00 10069,00 5670,00 102429,00 31.57
DUng, 2013:
Ban dd nguy co thiet hai do tai bidn TLD gay ndn d cdc huyen mien nui tinh Quang Ngai dugc thdnh l^p trdn co sd tich hgp bdn dd nguy co tai bidn TLD vdi ban do kha nang chiu tai bidn cila cdc doi tugng KT-XH bang phdn tich khdng gian trong mdi tnrdng GIS,
Ldn ddu tidn, ban dd nguy co thidt hai cac huydn midn niii tinh Quang Ngai dugc thdnh lap vdi 5 cap khde nhau Cap nguy ca thidt hai thdp vd rdt thdp, chidm 65,64%; cdp nguy co thiet hai cao vd rat cao chidm khoang 15,08% dien tich tu nhien, Viing cd nguy co thiet hai cao va rat cao cdn quan tdm thudc cac xa Tra Phong, Trd Lanh, Tra Thp vd Trd Quan (huyen Tdy Tra); Tra Son, Trd Lam, Tra Thiiy vd Trd Hidp (huyen Tra Bdng); Son Tdn, Son Mdu (huydn Son Tay); Di Lang, Son Bao, Son Thanh, Son Thugng, Son Thiiy, Son Ky va Son Ha (huyen Son Ha); Long Mdn, Long Hidp vd Thanh An (huy?n Minh Long); Ba Vi, Ba Tidu, Ba Chua, Ba Dpng vd thi trdn Ba To (huydn Ba To).
TAI LIEU DAN
[1] Le Myc Dich, 2001: Kinh nghidm phdng trdnh vd kidm soat tai bidn dja chdt", Nxb. Xdy D(mg, Hd Ngi. (Djch tir tieng Trung Qudc).
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SUMMARY
Risk assessment of damage caused by landslide in the mountainous districts of Quang Ngai province This worl( presents the initial results of the nsl< assessment of damage caused by landsiides in the mountainous districts of Quang Ngai province.
Map damage risk in mountainous distncts of Quang Ngai province was buiit on the basis of Integrated maps with landslide risk map disaster resilience of socio-economic objects with spatial analysis in GIS environment
Most mountainous areas of Quang Ngai risk level low and very low losses , accounting for 65,64 % of the area , high and very high levels accounted for only 15.08 % of the natural area Son Ha District at risk of damage caused by the landslides highest in the study area, followed by Tra Bong district. District Son Tay nsk of damage to a minimum.
These areas are at risk of damage caused by the landslides at high and very high concem when planning resource utilization tem'toiy, sustainable development of socio-economic and environmental protection: the Tra Phong, Tra Lanh and Tra Quan (Tay Tra district), Tra Son, Tra Thuy and Tra Lam (Tra Bong district). Son Tan, Son Mua (Son Tay district), Di Lang, Son Bao, Son Thanh, Son Thuong and Son Ha (Son Ha district); Long Hiep and Thanh An (Minh Long distnct), Ba V i , Ba Vi and Ba To tovm (Ba To district).