TAP CIJCiHG TIIDNG
DANH GIA HIEN TRANG CHAT THAI RAN SINH HOAT TREN DIA BAN HUYEN PHU TAN, TINH CA MAU
• NGUYEN THANH Tl/U - NGUYEN VAN NON - VadNG TUAN PHONG - N G U Y I N PHUdNG THUY
TOM TAT:
Bai viei danh gia hien trang chat thai riin sinh hoat tren dia ban hujen Phu Tan. iinh Ca Mau. ttf do de xuat cac bien phap nang cao hieu qua thu gom va quan ly. Ke't qua nghien cihi cho tha\. neu ap dung du'de cac bien phap lhi cong tac quan ly chat thai rin sinh hoat ho gia dinh d huyen Phu Tan ^c dat hieu qua hdn. Cac bien phap bao gom: Trang thiet bi thu gom, xiJly van chuyen \a phan loai, cong tiic tu\en iru>en: Hoan thien ccfvci \alchat va chinh sdch phap luat.
TiJf khoa: Chat thai ra'n sinh hoat. hu)en Phu Tan. 6 nhiem moi tru'dng.
1. Dat v a n d e
Dac iri/ng cua qua trinh cong nghiep hoa. hien dai hda da't nifi3c la khoa hoc - k\ thuat phal trien.
nha't la ky thuat -san xuat Nhicu loai giay. hop ddng gdi dt/dc lam chu \eu bang ni long, nhi/a.
Ehie'c rat tien Idi. gdp phan Iam tha> doi tap quan sinh hoat cua ngi/di dan tt^ nong thon den thanh thi. Chinh nhct nhiJng dich \u cham sdc khach hang do cung vdi ^Uphat trien cua xa hpi ma nhu cau smh hoal cuj con ngu'di nga\ cang tang cao. Ben canh dd. lu'dng rac thai sinh hoat thai ra mdi infdng nga\ cang nhieu. dac biet d nhu'ng khu \Lfccd mat dp dan cu'd6ngdiJc[I] Iam cho canh quan moi infdng bi thay ddi Iheo chieu hu'dng lieu cilc va lac ddng tn/c tiep de'n ddi song cua neu'di dan.
Huyen Phu Tan du'de chia tach lir huyen Cai Nirdc nam 2004 vdi nhiTng chinh sach kinh le mdi. keu gpi dau ii/nhSm phat trien mot nen kinh te phong phu dan xen vdi cd ca'u cdng - nong - lam - ngif - dich vu \a che bie'n thuy san nhSm phat huy npi li/c. li^m nang \a the manh cua viing ven bien phia Tay Nam(3]. Theo sif phat trien dd. van de 6 nhiem mdi tru-dng ngay cang xa'u dl.
Tif nhiau nam na\. MCC quan ly chat thai rdn sinh hoat tren dia ban hu\en Phu Tiin da difdc trien khai nhu'ng chifa thifc su hiC-u qua. Xua't phat tir nhirng van d^ ihuc le' tren Me, thiTc hien de tai "Danh gia hien trang chat ihiii ,in sinh hoai tren dia ban huyen Phu Tan " b r;n ujn ih'''E nh5m danh gia dtfdc lifOngchat thai i ;n smh i
356 So 10-Thdng 5/2020
HDA HOC-CONG NGHE THIfC PHAM
phal sinh trong thdi gian qua, qua dd phue vu cho cong [acquan ly cung nhif bao ve mdi tnfdng mpt each hieu qua va ben viTng.
2. V0t li$u va phUc^ng phap nghidn ci^u 2.1. PhUdng phdp dieu tra, thu thdp thong tin - Phong van ngSu nhien: So' phie'u dieu tra la 99 phieu tham va'n y kie'n cac hp gia dinh. ca nhan tren dia ban huyen Phu Tan gom: Thi tran Cai Doi Vam; xa Phu Tan; xa Phu Thuan: mdi va. thj tra'n cd 33 phie'u dieu tra. Chia phieu mau dit^u Ira Ihanh 3 nhom hd la: Hp cd thu nhap cao.
ho cd thu nhap trung binh va ho co thu nhap tha'p.
- Phong va'n sau: Tham va'n y kie'n 18 phieu dieu tra. gom: Dai dien lanh dao UBND huyen.
cdc phdng. ban cd lien quan. cdn bp mdi tru'dng va UBND cdc xii. thi trii'n:
n = 09 + 09= 18 phie'u.
Nhu' \'a}. td'ng so' phie'u dieu ira la X" = ' '^
phiS'u.
2.2. PhUdng phdp xdc dinh lif{fng vd thdnh phdn rdc thdi
2.2.1. Phifc/ng phdp xdc djnh ItMng rdc thdi CIKOC thu gain vd thdnh phdn rdc thai tcii cdc .\d.
tin Iran:
- Xac dinh lu'dng rdc thai thu gom:
+ Dem sd'xe dd'y tay, thung chu'a rac thai sinh hoal trong ngay va difdc lap lai 3 lan/thdng:
+ Can rdc thai de dinh lifdng va ty le khd'i lu'dng rac thai phat sinh hiing ngay difdc thu gom.
- .\ac dmh thanh phan rdc thai thu gom:
+ Phan loai rdc va can trpng liTdng rdc thai vd cd. hiTu cdde quy thanh ty Ie % irong lu'dng thanh phan thu gom;
+ Phan loai va can rdc thai difdc lap lai 3 lan/ihdng.
2.2.2. Phuitng phdp djnh lifcfng rdc thai binh qudii/ngtfdi/ngdy vd thanh phdn rdc thai he) gia dinh
- Phat cho cdc hd 2 lui mau (xanh la cay chu'a rac hiTu cd va dd chu'a rdc vd cd) de phan loai rac tai nguon va can rdc;
- Theo ddi lu'dng rac thdi phat smh; can thi diem rac vao thdi gian co dinh trong ngay.
-Can 1 lan/ngay va du'de lap lai sd lan can rac Clia ho siia dinh la 3 lan/lhansz.
-Tiy ket qua can thtfc te'rac thai tai cac hd gia dinh. tinh difdc lu'dng rdc thai trung binh ctia 1 hd/ngay va Itfdng rac thai binh quan/ngtrdi/nga\;
thanh phan rdc thai hd gia dinh.
2.3. XU ly so lieu
So lieu thu thap difdc nhap va \({ l\ bang phan mem Microsoft Excel.
3. K6't qua va thao luSn
3.1. Hien trgng chd't thdi ran sinh hogt huyfn Phu Tdn
3.1.1. Ket qua khdo sdt. dien [ra
Khd'i lu'dng cha't thai ran sinh hoat (CTRSH) d hu>en Phti T.in cOa 1 hd gia dinh/1 ngay thai ra tha'p nha't la 1.63 kg va cao nhd'l la 3.0 kg rdc thai.
Trung binh lu'dng rac thai I ho gia dinh la 2.26 kg. Lu'dng rdc smh hoal binh quan khoang 0.53 kg/ngu'di/ngay. Lu'dng rdc khde nhau Id do so' nhan khau, dicu kien kinh te va nganh nghe cua mdi gia dinh. Ngoai ra, lu'dng rac sinh hoat hang ngay d cdc hd gia dinh trong moi ddt khao sdt cung khong gid'ng nhau.
3.1.2. Nguchi phdt sinh CTRSH
Ket qua dieu tra cho tha'y, cha't thai du'de phdi sinh iCr nhieu nguon: Khu dan cif tap trung; chd.
cd sd san xua't kinh doanh; cdquan tru'dng hpc va trung tam \ te. tram y le' cap xa. Khd'i lu'dng CTRSH d cdc khu dan cif cao nhat la 42.02 la'n/ngay. chu ye'u la: Rau, cu, qua thifa va hu' hdng. thifc phd'm. gia'>. nhi/a, gd. thuy tinh. cha't deo. Trung tam \a tram y te'ca'p xa cd kho'i lu'dng CTRSH tha'p nha't la 1.67 ta'n/ngay. Chd. cd sd san xua'l. kinh doanh. cd quan tru'dng hpc cd khd'i lu'dng lan lu'dt la 8.94 kg/ngay va 2,89 kg/ngay.
Ty le lu'dng CTRSH tif khu dan cu-la cao nha't chie'm 15.19c: chd. cd sd san xua't chie'm \6J9c:
cdn Iai la khu vi/c benh vien va cd quan. tru'dng hpc chiem lan lu'dt la 3.07f va 5,2%. CTRSH chu ye'u la rdc thai hiTu cdde phan huy nhif: Thu'c an thiJa va cac loai rau qua. Lifdng rdc thai vd cd chu ye'u la tui ni long, bao bi difng hang hda cdc loai, hop. thiing xdp. chai. Ip, thuy tinh vd. gach.
be tong,.. Nguyen nhan la hien nay tren dia ban huyen co 2 chd ldn - chd thi tra'n Cdi Ddi Vam.
chd xa Phu Tan - \a nhieu chd nhd nam d cac xa
\d\ khoana 300 - 400 cd sd san xua't kinh doanh.
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TAP Cll t i n t TBirONG
Cd sd che bien cue san pham tif bien. nha nghi.
qudn an ud'ng....
3.1.3. Thdnh phdn CTRSH
Ke'i qua phan tich khd'i lu'dng rac thai sinh hoat giai doan 2014 - 2i)Ks cho thav. khdi lu'dng CTRSH cd xu hifdng tang dan qua cac nam.
Trong do. nam 2014 la 54 SSO ta'n/ngay de'n nam 2018 da tang len tdi iren 55.513 ta'n/ngay.
Ngu\On nhdn la do td'c dp phat trien kinh te'ciia huyen \'a mii'c sdng ciia ngifdi dan nga\ cang difdc nang len; mpt bp phan dan cif tii'cac dia ban khde nhap cif de khai thac bien \a thi/c hien cac djch vu tif bien.... Tif dd. lam cho lu'dng rdc thai nga\ cang iang cao.
Kct qua phan lich cho iha\. hien nay CTRSH thiii ra cd tdng sd'la 15 thanh phan. nhU'; Thifc pham. gia'y vun. bia cadon. nhifa. Ion ntfdc giai khat. tui ni long, vai vun, thuy tinh cdc loai. cao su. da, rdc Idm vifdn. gd. dd hop. sdt \un, kim loai khde. bui. tro. gach. tap chat khac. Rieng cdc ihanh phan nhu'cao su. rdc lam vifdn. kim loai khac thi khdng cd trong thanh phan CTRSH.
Lu'dng rdc thai la ihifc pham d l phan hij\ sinh hoc chie'm ty le cao nha'l 52.9''f. cdc loai rdc nay cd nguon gdc tif hd gia dinh, cdc qudn an va chd.
Trong qud trinh phan hiiy tao ra cai. nmi khd chiu dac biet trong thdi tiel ndng am.
Ben canh dd. rdc thai til hoat ddng kinh doanh mua bdn thuy san. rac thai tCf difdng phd va \a\
diJfng cd cdc thanh phan cd kha nang ldi che su"
dung nhu": Tui ni long, nhi/a, Ion nu'dc giai khat chie'm 15.3%; gia'y vun chie'm I0.47f; thuy tinh cdc loai chie'm 4.7%; sfii vun chie'm 0.9%. Cdc thanh phan cdn lai chie'm ty le tha'p (khoang 15.9% lu'dng CTRSH). gom: Vai. da. cao su, go.
bui. tro.... cd the du'de xiJ ly bdng phifdng phdp dd't hodc chdn la'p. Do'i vdi tro bui \a gach phdt sinh tir c&c cdng trinh nay xay difng chie'm ty le khdng cao la 0.9%.
4. Ke't lu^n va kie'n nghi
Hien nay. tren dia ban nghien cifu lu'dng cha'l thai phdt sinh vdi td'c dd tu'dng do'i nhanh. khd'i lu'dng rdc thai ldn khoang 55.513 kg/ngay.
Thanh phan CTRSH tren dia ban huyen Phil Tan cung nhif cac dd thi khac trong tinh va cdc viing lan can thi cha'l thai hifu cd chie'm ty le cao nha't, ke'de'n la cac ihdnh phan cd the tdi che', tdi .su'dung. phan cdn lai chie'm ty le tha'p.
Can quy hoaeh. dau tu" xay difng khu xiJ ly cha't thai rieng eho huyen Phu Tan •
TAI LIEU IHWl KHAO;
LB6 Tai nguyen v i Min tnfcfng. (20111. Buo cdo mdi infdng cjuc'ic gia
2. B6 Tai n g u \ e n \ a MOi trUdng. (201 h Xdy JiOiii md hinh vd trien khai lhi diem viee plum loai. thu gom vd .xd Iv idc thai cho cdc khu do ihi mdi. Nha xual ban Ha Noi.
3. Bu \ a > dirng. (2017). Thdng tu l3/20i7/TT-BXD Quy dinh niduiig vdt lieu .idy Uidng nuuq trong cdc cong tr'inh .\dydi/ng.
4. Chi cue Thd'ng ke hii>On Phu Tan, \ieu gidm thdng ke cdc naur 2017. 2018
5. Le Hoang Viet N'XH. Ngan N \ C . Thanh NP i20! 1) Quan ly tong hOp chat thai ra'n - each tiep can mdi cho cdng tac bao \ e mdi tru'dng. Tap chi Khoa iun Tnfcfng Dai Iwc Cdn Tho. 39-50.
6. Tran Hieu Nliuc (2010). Qudn ly chdl ihdi rdn. Nhj xua'l ban Xay difng.
7. L \ ban Nh.in dan huyen Phu Tan (10\5). Bdo cdo thuyet minh Icmg hijp -ge hoaeh •.
\d dieu chinh cpiy hoaeh sddung ddi huyen Phu Tdn den ndm 2020".
S U\ ban Nhan dan huyen Phu Tan (2018). Bdo cdo ve dnh hinh phdt irien kinh if - pliUcmg luldiig nhiem vii nam 2019 huyen Phu Tdn.
9. L'> ban Nhan dan huyen Phii Tan Bdndd Quy hoaeh sd dung dd't IQHSDIJ) husen Phu Tdu,!,-,, n,Uii20lO hdn dd dieu ddnh QHSDD huyen Phii Tdn den nam 2010. hdn dd QHSDD liiiy^n Phii Tdn Jen „ ,,, -o^fj /j^j^j dd QHSDDhdng nam: 20n 2l>!S
•'< chin:; ildi •I 2015
I nam 20IH vd
358 Sd 10-Thang 5/2020
HOA I O C ' CONG NGHE IHOC PHAM
10. U\ ban Nhin djn huyen Phii Tan. Ve diiu hen tilnltieti. kmh te. .xd hdi
11. YamancT(1973). Statistics; An introduction analysis Manhattan, Wu York. US: Harper & Row Ngay nhSn bai: 17/4/2020
Ngay phan bi^n danh gia va sii'a chifa: 27/4/2020 Ngay cha'p nh^n dSng bai: 7/5/2020
Thoftg till tcic giu:
l.NC:UVEN THANH TlJU Tri/Sng Dai hpc Tra Vinh 2. NGll\KN VAN NON
Trif8ng Bai hijc Nong LSra TP. Ho Chi Minh 3. \ IJONG TUAN PHONG
NGUYEN PHl/CfNG THUV Trt/(fng Dai hpc Tra Vinh
ASSESSING THE CURRENT STATUS
OF HOUSEHOLD SOUD WASTE OF PHU TAN DISTRICT, CA MAU PROVINCE
• NGUYEN THANH TUU Tra Vinh University
• NGUYEN VAN NON Nong Lam University
• VUONG TUAN PHONG Tro Vinti University
• NGUYEN PHUONG THUY Tra Vint! University
ABSTRACT:
This study is to assess the current state of household solid waste of Phu Tan District, Ca Mau Province and propose solutions to impro\e the efficiency of household solid waste collection efficiency and managemeni. The smdy's results show that measures including upgrading collection equipment, transporting, sorting, propaganda, upgrading facilities and perfecting legal policies could enhance the efficiency of household solid waste management of Phu Tan District, Ca Mau Pro\ ince.
Keywords: Solid waste, Phu Tan District, environmental pollution.
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