LlTQfC KHAO VE CAC TRlTOfC TAC VAN CHX/OfNG CUA DANH NHAN BUI VAN DI (1833 - 1895) HIEN LUtJ GltT
TAI VIEN NGHIEN ClTU HAN NOM
NGUYEN VAN KHANH**' LE DUY PHUONG'**
D
anh nhan Biii Van Di M.X.i^hay cdn ggi la Biii Dj ^ ^ (1833 1895), ty la An Nifin JlS;-^, hifiu la Tdn Am M.^, Chau Giang J^?x, Hai Ndng; ^ J ^ ' " . Ong sinh ngay 17 thang 5 nam 1833, qufi quan tai lang Chau Cdu, huyen Kim Bang, Ha Nam (nay thupc thanh phd Phu Ly, tinh Ha Nam). Tir nhd Biii Van Di da cd tieng thdng minh dinh ngO, hge vSn mdn ti^p, qudng bac.
Nam 1850 va 1852, lifin tifip ti-ong hai ky thi Huong, ong deu do Tii tai. Nam 1855, dng dd Cu nhan. Dfin nam 1865, dng vao Hufi dy ky thi Hdi va thi Dinh, dd hpc vi Phd bang. Nam sau, dng dugc bd Iam Tri huyen Lang Tai. Nam 1871, dng dugc tifin cu vao Kinh, lam viec d Ndi cae, lo vi?c tir han. Sau do, hogn Id cua dng dan dan thang tifin, kinh qua nhifiu chiic vu quan trgng nhu: An sat Ninh Binh (1874); Quang Ipc Tu khanh lam vi?c trong Ndi cac (1875); Thi lang Bg Le, Chanh sii sang nha Thanh (1876- 1878); Tham tri Bp Lai kifim viec 6 Ndi cac (1880); Dgi thdn quan ly Nha Thucmg bac (1881); Kham sai Phd Kinh
luge Sli Bac ky, mang quan luu dgng chdng Phap (1882); Tham tan quan thii Bde Ninh (1883); Tham tri Bd Lai, Nhgt giang quan cho vua Kifin Phiic, Iam vific tgi Co mat vien (1884); Tham tii Bp Binh, sung Thuang ta Co mat vifin, Kinh difin Giang quan (1887); Quyfin Thugng thu Bp Lfi, Pho Tdng tai Qudc sir quan'^' (1888); Thugng thu Bd Lai, dai thdn Phu dao va Phu chinh (1890); cung trong nam nay, dng dugc tang hpc vi Tien sT va dyng bia tai Van mifiu Hufi.
Ong mat ngay 22-9-1895 tgi Qudc su quan'^\ Trong lich su can dgi Vipt Nam, Bui Van Di dugc bifit den vdi tu each la mdt nha khoa bang ndi danh; mdt dgi than trai 7 ddi vua Nguyen; Ty Diie, Due Diie, Hifip Hda, Kifin Phiic, Ham Nghi, Ddng Khanh va Thanh Thai, nam giii nhifiu ehiic vu quan trpng; mdt nha Nho yfiu nudc tiong hang ngii van than chdng Phap thdi ky dau. Va dgc bifit, vfi phuong dien van hpe, dng cdn la '•'GS.TS Dai hpc KHXH&NV Ha Npi '*^hS. Dai hpc KHXH&NV Ha Npi
TAP CHI HAN NOM sd 2 (129) - 2015 NGUY£N VAN KHANH - tj£ PHIFONG DUY
mdt tac gia van hpc ndi tifing. Tai nang van ehucmg cua Bii Van Di da dugc ghi nhan qua sy nfi trpng, uu dai ciia cac vua va hoang that nha Nguyen, su ngcri khen, tan tung cua cac quan lgi, danh si duong thdi trong, ngoai nudc va ciia hau thfi gianh cho dng. Hifin nay, Vifin Nghifin Cliu Han Ndm la noi luu giii ddy du nhat di van cua Bui Van Di. Dudi day, ehiing tdi xin lan lugt gidi thieu khai quat \c mang di van nay d hai phucmg dien tho ea va van xudi.
l.V^tho-ca
Theo kfit qua khao sat cua chiing tdi tir cac bg Thu mgc vh. kho di san Han Ndm hifin tang tai Vifin Nghifin cihi Han Ndm thudc Vifin Han lam Khoa hpc Xa hpi Viet Nam, thi trudc tac van ehuang chu yfiu ciia Biii Van Di dfi lai gdm cd 4 tac phdm, toan bd la thi tgp: Tdn Am thi sao; Vgn ly hdnh ngdm, Tri chu thii xu&ng tap (in chung cung Ducmg An Thp), Du hien thi thdo.
+ TONAMTHISAO ig ^ # # Tdn Am thi sao \a t|p tho thu chep 229 bai tho theo ldi co, can thfi cua Bid Van Di'^\ Theo nha nghifin ciiu Nguyen Van Huyfin trong sach Biii Vdn Df - Nhd tho yeu nu&c thi ky XIX. thi day la "tap tho bao triim ca dcd tho cua tac gia, sudt tir then ki thi Cli, ra iam quan, cho dfin gdn cudi ddi. Khoang tir nam 1850 dfin 1894 (khdng kfi thdi ki di sii va thdi ki cdm quan danh phap)"*^'. Ve sy ra ddi ciia tap tho nay, theo Tdn Am thi sao tu tu, Bui van Di vifit: "Mgt hdm, tifin smh Vi Da (Tuy Ly vuong) hdi: Hai tap tho ciia dng (chi Vgn ly hdnh ngdm va Du hien thi thdo) da khdc m rdi. Con nhung bai iing
chfi va tap trudc khac, cd bifin tap thanh sach khdng? Tdi dap rang chua. Tien smh noi: D6 dfiu la tam huyet, khdng the vut bd. Ben trd vfi soat lgi trong trap, thi vira rdi cd vific ti dia, nhiing tha mang theo da mat mdt niia, lifin chpn dugc hon hai tram bai cd, can the, giao cho khac in, dgt tfin la Ton Am thi sao, hgp vdi hai tap trudc cung luu tdn. Khifin cho con chau ddi sau dpc tho ciia ta, sfi thay dugc cai chi cua ta, cung vdi thdi budi ta gap, ncri chdn ta d, cd thfi chiing thyc rd rang'^*. Bai tya cua Bui Van Di de nam Giap Ngp (1894), nien hieu Thanh Thai, nfin cd the doan dinh tac pham dugc in khac nam 1894. T ^ phdm Tdn Am thi sao dugc luu tru tai Vi$n Nghifin Cliu Han Ndm gdm ba ban in ky hifiu: VHv.701, VHv.702 va A.1428. Ba van ban nay hoan toan gidng nhau. Moi van ban deu gdm 186 trang, chu chan phuong ro rang, cd ngdt cau, chia thanh 4 quyfin. Ddu mdi quyfin cd dfi Tdn Am thi sao quyen nhat/nhi/tam/tH - Hd Npi Kim Bdng Biii Vdn Dj An Nien tru&c;
Nam: Ca Thiin Hudmg Thdnh; Nhu Trai Hu&ng Lap dong hieu (Tdn Am thi sao quyfin 1/2/3/4, Bui Van Di ngudi Kim Bang, Ha Ndi soan; hai con trai la Ca Thifin Hudng Thanh va Nhu Trai Hudng Lap cung hifiu chinh). Ddng thdi, tac phdm cdn do Tuy Li CJugn Vuong Mifin Trinh, hieu Vi Da mac binh (vifit ldi binh bdi^ myc den) va de tir nam Quy Ti nien hifiu Thanh Thai (1893); Van Dao Tii (Biii HiJU Tgo) chu binh (vifit ldi buih bdng son do); Thi Son tang ban khdc in. Ngoai ra, cdn mpt ban chep tay ky hifiu A. 196, 166 trang. Ban chep tay nay vfi co ban gidng 48
LUOC KHAO VE CAC TRU'6C TAC VAN CHUONG...
vdi ban in, chi cd nhan de mdt sd bai ttiay ddi ddi chG va khdng chia quyfin. Toan bd tap tho Tdn Am thi sao bao gdm 229 bai, chia Iam 4 quyfin. Quyfin I: 58 bai; Quyfin II: 63 bai; Quyen HI; 58 bai; Quyfin 4: 50 bai. Theo nha nghien ciiu Nguyfin Van Huyea bdn quyfin nay tuong iing vdi bdn dogn ddi ciia tac gia:
+ Quyen 1: Gdm nhfing bai dugc iam ti-ong khoang thdi gian thi cii va budc ddu lam quan d tinh (1850 - 1871).
+ Quyfin 2; Gdm nhiing bai iing chfi, hga vdn vdi vua Ty Diic trong khoang thdi gian lam viec d Vifin Han lam va tda Npi cac (1871 - 1883).
+ Quyfin 3: Gdm nhirng bai dugc lam tiong tiidi gian ti dia d Thanh Hda va tid lai Iam quan dudi tiifiu Ddng Khanh (1885- 1888).
+ Quyen 4: Gom nhiing bai dugc iam tiong khoang thdi gian cudi ddi, vln tiep tuc Iam quan dudi trifiu vua Thanh Thai (1889-1894)(7).
Trong cudn Biii Vdn Di - Nhd tha yeu rat&c thi ^ XDC, nha nghifin ciiu Nguyen van Huyfin da tifin hanh phien dich dugc 40 bai tho ciia Tdn Am thi sao.
+ V4N Li HANH NGAM %%H "^
Nam 1876, Bui Van Di dugc vua Ty E)uc thang lam Thi Iang Bg Le, cii Iam Chanh sir sang Yfin Kinh (tiix; Bde Kinh) nhan ky tufi cdng Thanh tiifiu, cimg di vdi dng la hai Phd sii Lam Hoang va Le Cat.
Cung nhu cac sii than Vipt Nam khae di Sli phuong Bac, duge tifip xiic vdi nhan vat, son xuyfin, phong thd Trung Hoa, dugc du lam qua cac danh thdng, cd tich chi dugc thdy trong sach vd, Bui Van Di
da viet thi tap Vgn li hdnh ngdm (khiic ngam trfin hanh trinh mudn dam) tir mua hg nam Binh Ti (1876) dfin mua xuan nam Mgu Ddn (1878), ghi lgi nhihig difiu da trai qua trong cudc sii trinh ciia minh. Trong ldi Tu tu cudi sach, Biii van Di ndi vfi muc dieh bifin sogn sach nay la mudn ghi lai nhirng su vat, sy kien, tam trang eiia dng trong 22 thang di sir: "Tdng edng [tiidi gian] di vfi la 22 thang. Trong do, nhung nui sdng, thanh quach, ciing cac ngdi danh tir thdng tich ma thuyfin xe di qua, tdt thay tam trgng dang hai dang mfin, dang xdt dang mung, binh nhgt dpc sach ma tam thdn Iai vang tdi dd, nay may mdn ed thfi dugc tdi tan noi, coi tan mdt, ben ghi Igi bang nhiing cau thd kfich, giiip cho sau nay nam chai, nhd lai khi xua rong rudi cdng vific, phong canh non sdng ndi nhau hifin ra trudc mat"'^*. Ngay khi cdn tifin dat Trung Hoa, Bui Van Di da cd dip gidi thifiu tap tho nay vdi mdt sd quan Igi, van sf nha Thanh va da dugc hp dfi tya cho tac pham bdng nhihig ldi ca nggi. Tdi nam 1878, khi doan sii bp vfi dfin Viet Nam, Bui Van Di lifin cho khdc in thi tap nay. Van ban Vgn ly hdnh ngdm hifin nay cdn Iuu trfi tai Vifin Nghifin ciiu Han Ndm vdi 4 ban in vdi cac ky hifiu:
VHv. 868 (179 trang); VHv. 867 (177 trang); VHv. 251 (177 trang); A. 2840 (158 trang) va 3 ban viet tay vdi cac ky hifiu;
VHv.869 (130 trang); A.305 (160 ti^g);
A.2363: gdm 138 trang'^l Vfi vdn dfi van ban cua tap Vgn ly hdnh ngdm, ThS.
Nguyen Ngpe Yfin (Vien Nghifin cihi Han Ndm) da khao sat tuong ddi chi tiet, chiing
TAP CHI HAN NOM SO 2 (129) - 2015 NGUY£N VAN KHANH - L& PHU-ONG DUY
tdi khdi^ nhae lgi nira. Ddi vdi nhdm van ban khae in cd sy khac bifit nhat dinh do dugc in mdi va in sao lai (eiing trong nam 1878, nam doan sii bd vfi tdi Viet Nam), song su khac biet do khdng ldn va vfi ndi dung chiing van tuong ddi thdng nhdt. Md ddu tae phdm la 5 bai tua cua cac quan lgi, van nhan nha Thanh la Nghe Mau Le, Long Van Ban, Duong An Thg, Thinh Tich Ngd, Duong Trpng Nha dfi; tifip theo la De tic ciia Tuy Ly Qugn Vuang, rdi dfin Ngu che tli thi (hai bai) ciia vua Ty Due (dfi vao ngay Rdm, thang 6, nam thii 29 - hie nam 1876), ban cho Bdi Van Di tiirdc khi di Sli; sau do la hai bai Cung hga Ngu che thi nguyen van (KJnh hpa theo nguyfin vdn tho Ngy che) cua Biii Van Di hpa lgi vua Ty Diie. Phan ndi dung chia thanh hai quyfin. Quyfin 1 gdm 74 bai (ban A.2840 cd 73 bai, khdng cd bai Qud Yen DQng cuu li); Quyen 2 gdm 93 bai. Tdng cpng 167 bai. Cudi sach la De bgt cua Nguyfin Tu Gian va Tu tu cim Bill Van Di. Tac phdm do Vi Da tien sinh (Tuy Ly Vuong) lye binh (vifit ldi binh bang myc xanh); Van Ldc tifin sinh (Nguyen Tu Gian) chu binh (vifit ldi binh bdng myc dd); hai con trai cua Bui Van Di la Ca Thifin Hudng Thanh va Nhu Trai Hudng Lap ciing hifiu chinh; Biii Hiiu Tgo va Truong Trpng Ddc kifim hieu;
Thi Son tang ban khde in. Trong nhdm van ban chep tay, dang chii y la van ban VHv. 869, gdm 130 trang, vifit tren gidy Ifinh, cd ke ddng. Chfi vifit theo ldi hanh thao rat dep, cd cii dgu, khuyen difim bang son. Cac tac gja cua Di sdn Hdn Nom Vi$t
Nam ' Thu muc di yiu cho rdng day la thu cao cua tac gia. Theo phan Mue luc d ddu van ban, thi sach duge ehia thanh 4 quyfin (thay vi 2 quyfin nhu cac van ban tren), gdm 357 bai (hon ban in 190 bai). Van ban hien cd chi cdn cae tac phdm d quyfin 1 va quyfin 2. Md ddu van ban hipn cd la 5 bai tya cua quan lai, van nhan Trung Qudc nhu trong ban in, sau do la Di tit eiia Tuy Ly Vuong (khdng cd Ngu che tu thi cua Tu Diic va Cung hga Ngu chi thi nguyen van cua Biii VSn Di). Theo muc luc, thi tac pham md dau bang bai Luu biet do trung thdn hiiu va kfit thiic bang bai De kinh cung tri Hodng thugng hp Tit gid hgnh Thugn An hieu phdl phung ung ehe. Tuy nhifin, van ban hifin c6 chi kfit thiic d bai Xich Bich hodi cd - bai cudi ciing cua quyfin 2, du thdy van ban hifin cdn khdi^ dugc trpn ven. Trong bd Viet Nam Hdn vdn Yen hdnh vdn hien tap thdnh, bp timg thu tuyfin tap tho van &.
Sli Trung Quoc cua su thdn Vifit Nam tir ddi Tran den ddi Nguyen, do Vifin Nghifin Cliu Han Ndm phoi hgp vdi Dai hpc Phiic Dan thyc hifin va xuat ban nam 2010, da lya chgn van ban VHv. 869 nay lam ban nfin cua tac phdm Vgn ly hdnh ngdm.
Trong cudn Bui Vdn Di - Nhd tha yiu nu&c thi ky XIX, Nguyfin Van Huyen da tifin hanh phifin dich dugc 13 bai tho trong tap Vgn ly hdnh ngdm.
+ 77?/ CHV THV XlfONG TAP
"Tri chu", tiic la con thuyen chim tii, chi vipc di Sli ciia Vipt Nam sang Trung
LUOC KHAO VE CAC TRUOC TAC VAN CHUONG..
Hoa. Tu nay bdt ngudn tii difin hp Viet Thudng mang chim tiT trdng sang cdng nha Chu vao ddi vua Thanh Vuong (1063-1026 TCN) dugc ghi Iai tiong cae thu tich ciia Viet Nam va Trung Qudc nhu Dgi Viet sii ky todn thu, Linh Nam ehich qudi. Thugng Thu dgi truyen, Quoc ngii... Cdn "thii xudng" nghta la sy xudng hpa, tang dap van chuang gifia cac thi nhan, ma d day la su xudng hpa, thu ling gifia Biii Van Di va Duong An Thp - ngudi gifi chiic Tifip bgn sii than Hd Bac Hp cdng quan (tic ngudi dugc giao tifip ddn doan Sii bd Viet Nam) trong chuyfin di sii 1876 - 1878, khi qua nhih^ noi danh thang, cd tich, cam hoai cdc nhan vat lich su, hoac khi trao t^ng thi pham, khi tifin bifit... Nhiing bai tho trong cudc gap go nay da dugc Duong An Thp bien sogn thanh tap Tri chu thii xu&ng va eho khac in tgi nha in cua dng tgi Hd Nam, vao nam Dinh Suu, nifin hifiu Quang Ty thii 3 (1877), khi Biii Van Dj vln cdn d Trung Qudc. M|t sau bia sach cd Ul 6 chfi theo ldi Trifin thu la
^y^r^^iS.'^BM Trudng Sa Duong thi Thdn Vien tdng bdn (Than Vifin la tfin hipu ciia Duong An Thp). Tgp tho do Duong An Thp vifit ldi tya. Trong bai tya, Duong An Thg td y may man khi dugc gap gd, giao luu van chuang vdi Bui van Di: "Diu qufi kfich nhu An Thg nay, Iai dugc giao ket nhan duyfin van tu vdi bac quan tu d hai ngogi, de dfi eao su hung thinh cua tam long vd vfi ngudi phuang xa va trung ngoai ddng van ciia nudc ta, dd tiic la su may mdn trpng hgu cua tifiu thdn nay. Ha nhiing ldi ngam vinh tiang gid tdm thudng cd thfi sanh
duoc' <m Co the ndi, vdi TrT ehu thu xu&ng tap. day la lan dau tifin thi pham cua Bui van Di dugc khdc in. Trong thi tap nay, Biii Van Di lay hifiu la Chau Giang, va dng cd 49 bai tho. Trong do, 5 bai la Ddng Nhgc Ducmg ldu, Xich Bich hodi CO, Vii Xuang cdm hodi, Ddng Hodng Hge ldu. Anh Vu chdu dieu Ne Xic sy, sau nay da dugc dua vac tap Vgn ly hdnh ngdm. Van ban tac phdm Tri ehu thil xu&ng tgp, hifin dugc luu gifi d Vifin Nghifin Cliu Han Ndm vdi mdt ban in ky hieu A. 1218 gdm 62 tiang va mdt ban vifit tay mang ky hifiu A.392 gdm 71 trang. Hai ban nay khdng co nhifiu su khac bifit. Van ban khdc m A.1218 da dugc dua vao bg Viet Nam Hdn vdn Yen hdnh vdn hien tap thdnh do Vifin Nghifin curu Han Ndm va Dai hpc Phiic Dan hgp tac xuat ban.
Cho dfin nay, chua cd cdng trinh nao chinh thiic nghien ciiu, phifin dich thi tap nay.
+ DU HIEN THI THAO m^ik%
"Du hien" nghia gdc la chific xe nhe gianh cho sfi than ngdi khi di cdng can, va cd khi danh tit nay duge dimg dfi chi su thdn. Theo nha nghifin eiiu Nguyen Van Huyfin thi: "Day la tap tho cua Biii Van Di trong dip dugc phai lam Bde ky Kinh luge Phd su, dem mdt dpi "quan nhd di kifim tra, ddn ddc, phdi hgp vdi quan binh cac quan thu dfi phdng thii va chong danh quan Phap dang md rpng xam chifim Bde ky. Tho duge sang tac trong khoang thdi gian tfi mua xuan 1882 dfin cudi 1883""". Ndi dung tap tho thfi hifin dam net long ai qudc, nang trTu mdi au lo trudc budi gian nguy cua qudc van, chua chan bdu nhifit huyet mudn bao den ng nudc cua vi danh nhan nay. Trong
TAP CHl HAN NOM SO 2 (129) - 2015 NGUYEN VAN KHANH-L£ PHLfONG DUY
tap tho Du hien thi thdo, Biii Van Di dimg biit hifiu la An Nifin. Toan bd tap tho nay bao gdm 55 bai. do Van Dao tir Biii Huu Tao - mdt ngucri ban cua tac gia vifit tua nam Binh Tuat (1886) va cung la ngudi lo vific in an thi phdm khi nd cd nguy CO that tan bdi cupc binh lira; Vi Da Lao Nhan (Tuy Ly vuong) dfi tu nam Thanh Thai thu 2 (1890) va luc binh (vifit ldi phdm binh bdng myc xanh); Van Ldc tien sinh (Nguyen Tu Gian) mac binh (vifit ldi phdm binh bdng myc tau); Thi Son tang ban. Hifin nay, tac phdm dugc luu gifi d Vifin Nghifin euu Han Ndm gdm 5 ban in, 3 ban vifit. 5 ban in gdm cac ky hieu:
A.2554 (68 tiang); VHv. 1127 (68 ttang);
VHv. 1128 (68 tiang); VHv. 1993 (68 tiang); VHv.248 (136 trang; tap day ddng 2 quyfin trimg nhau). 3 ban vifit gdm: A.355 (Du hien thi lu, 36 ttang); A.1441 (150 trang; 26 trang ddu la tho cua Du hien, 124 trang; cdn lgi la True Vdn vdn lap hay Tien sT Hung Niit Chu True Vdn vdn tap la tgp van, tho, cau ddi cua Chu Mgnh Trinh, An sat Hung Yen vifit). A. 196, ehep sau tap tho Tdn Am thi sao. Tac pham Du hien thi thdo va cac di ban eiia nd da dugc tien hanh nghifin eiiu tiong Lugn van Khdo eiiu vdn bdn Du hien thi thdo eda Biii Vdn Dj cua Pham Thi Gai.
Lugn van cfing da tifin hanh phifin am, dich nghTa dugc 36/55 bai cua thi tap nay dya trfin ban nfin ky hipu VHv.1128.
Trong Tdn Am thi sao tu tu, Bui Van Dj cd ghi lgi Idi ciia Tuy Ly Vuang Mien Trinh rang: "Mdt hdm, tifin sinh Vi Da hdi: Hai tap tho cua dng da khde in rdi. Cdn nhung bai ung chfi va tap trudc khac, cd bifin tap thanh saeh
khdng"? Hai tap tiio da khdc in d day chinh la tap Vgn ly hdnh ngdm, khdc in nam 1868 va tap Du hien thi thdo. khdc in nam 1886. Dfin nam 1894, theo ldi eua Tuy Ly Vucmg. Bui Van Di tap hgp eac bai tho sang tac sudt cugc ddi dng (tiu cac bai tha trong thdi gian di su va cam quan chdng Phap d Bde Ky da in trong hai tap trfin), soan thanh tap Tdn Am thi sao va cho khdc in. Day la tap tho cudi Cling dugc khdc in cira Biii Van Di. Sang nam sau, dng mat tai Qudc su quan (1895). Nhu vgy, tfi thdng tin tifin, ta cd thfi khang dinh, trong cudc ddi minh, Biii Van Di da cho in an ba bp thi tap, cung vdi tap TrT chu thd xu&ng in chung vdi Duong An Thp d Trung Qudc ia bdn. Hien nay, ca bdn bd thi tap nay van cdn bao luu nguyen ven. Day la ngudn tu lieu quan tigng dfi nghifin cuu va tim hieu mdt each ddy du hem vfi vi danh nhan nay. Ngoai bdn thi tap ttfin, Vifin Nghifin cuu Han Ndm cdn luu gifi 10 van ban vifit tay, chep chung tha cua Bid Van Di vdi cac tac gia khac, gdm ^ ^ ^ / v - S ^ ^ Qude trieu danh nhdn mac ngdn VHv.48:
#ft#.«fe Thi ca tgp bien VHv. 463;
^ti^^ Cu nghiep thi lgp A.316;
>g"A'#^ Danh Cong thi thdo A.2588;
- i - - T ^ # X # t ^ # t ^ Cd kim thi vdn ca khuc tgp sao VNv. 154; #:^#i(fe 77w thdo tep bien VHv.37; Z d* ffi^?K# Danh san thdng thuy thi A.339; •W-frirt*^ Hiiu cd duang thi tap VHv.106; ^ ^ . ^ Chu di mgc VHv.118; ^Zt-t^ Chu danh gia thi VHb.225. Qua khao sat, chimg tdi thdy, phdn ldn tho cua Bui Van D]
LUOC KHAO VE CAC TRUOC TAC VAN CHUONG..
chep ttong eac van ban nay ttimg vdi mpt so bai trong Vgn iy hdnh ngdm va Du hien thi thdo, sd cdn lai chua khao dugc ngudn gdc. Chiing tdi se tiinh bay vdn dfi nay cu thfi hem ttiDng mdt dip khac.
l . V e van xudi
Neu d phucmg dien tha ea, tae phdm ciia Bui Van Di cdn dfi lai kha phong phu va day dii, thi vfi phuong difin van xudi, tac pham ciia dng hau nhu khdng cdn gi.
Theo ban dich tam bia hop d md Biii Van Dj thi: Ngudi (Bui Van Dj) cdn cd cac tap Vgn ly hdnh ngdm, Du hien [thi] thdo.
Ton Am thi vdn sao dugc khac in, luu hanh d ddi"^*. Nhung difiu dang tifie la dfin nay do vific xu ly tdm bia hop nay cd nhifiu khd khan (do mpt phdn bia ndm dudi dat va dgt trong hop da, vific khai quat cdn nhilu thii tyc), nfin chung tdi chua dugc tifip xiic tryc tifip toan bd tdm bia d^c bipt nay de kifim chiing thdng tin trong ban dich. Nfiu qua thdng tin tren la chinh xac, thi Bui Van Di cdn cd mdt bd Tdn Am vdn sao, da dugc khac in va luu hanh, song da bi thdt tan. Hoac cung cd thfi Ton Am thi vdn sao chinh la bd Tdn Am thi sao, nhung do so xuat ttong cdng tac phifin dich/ chfi ban ma thanh mdt tac phdm khac chSng? Ngoai ra, Di sdn Hdn Nom Viet Nam - Thu muc de yiu ed ndi van ban Cli- nghidp thi tap A.316 va A.2178, luu gio tai Vifin Nghifin cuu Han Ndm ed chep 15 bai tho, 2 bai phii, 1 bai van bia ciia Biii v a n Di. Song sau khi khao sat thi van ban A.316 tuyet nhifin khdng cd tho van cua Bill v a n Di, cdn van ban A.2178, chi cd mdt sd bai tho, ma khdng cd 2 bai phii.
1 bai van bia ciia Bui Van Di nhu Thu muc di yeu ndi. Trong qua trinh khao sat, chiing tdi mdi ehi tim duge mpt bai chifiu va mpt bai bifiu cua Biii Van Di lam trong trudng thu hai cua ky thi Hdi nam At Suu (1865), ehep trong van ban Bieu chieu phu hgp tuyen, ky hieu VHv. 1926. Bai chifiu cd nhan dfi
™ (ffl"i"^) NghT kim chudn tM quan dieu trdn ddc thai edp trieu hda citu tai chl .sdch ehieu (Phong soan bai chifiu Nay chudn cho thir quan trinh bdy su dugc mdt vd ke sdch mang lgi hda binh, Cliu tai hga, dung cd thfi); bai bifiu cd nhan dfi M ^ t fsS-f^iS^E ^ 4 NghT Tdng Phu Bgi sir hodn qudn than hg bieu (NghT soan bai bifiu Qudn thdn nhd Tong mirng Phu Bdt di su tra vi). Day la tu lieu quan trpng dfi tim hifiu van bai cua Biii Van Di trong ky thi Hdi nam 1865. Tinh den thdi difim nay, chiing tdl mdi thdng kfi dugc bdn bai van ciia Biii Van Di gdm: Bai Tu tu dau tap Ton Am thi sao, bai Tu tu cudi tap Vgn ly hdnh ngdm, va hai bai chifiu bieu ndi tren" '
Sinh thdi, Biii Van Di sd trudng vfi tho. Thi tai cua dng dugc cac vua, vuong than quy thich, quan lgi trieu Nguyen, eiing nhu quan lai, van sy nha Thanh ed dip tifip xiic vdi dng tiong chuyfin di su cdng nhan va vd cung than phuc. Cd le vi vay ma di san van chuong cua dng cdn lgi chu yfiu thudc ITnh vyc nay chang?
Nam 1871, sau khi vfi que cu tang, vi biet \ a n tai cua dng, cac dgi than Bill Tuan va Nguyin Tu Gian da tifin cfi dng
TAP CHl HAN NOM s d 2 (129)-2015 NGUYEN VAN KHANH - L£ PHWONG DUY
vao Ndi cac dfi lo viec tfi han. Vua Ty Diic dac biet yeu mfin van tai eua dng, coi dng la mdt van hiiu. Ong cd bai tho De hodng edc (Dh hoa cue vang) dugc duong thdi tan tiiudng. trong dd cd cau:
*^i£^^T^'te^#^^^£/Z)o
lai ehinh sdc danh thien hg, bdt phg hdn huang diin tue hoa/ Chinh sac ciia hoa ciie (cue vang), tu xua dfin nay da cd tifing trong thifin hg; khdng sg miii hucmg gap lanh, hoa ciic sinh vfi cudi nam). Vua Tu Due da phfi vao hai eau nay rang: Trgng nguyen. Te tudng dT an bdi lieu/ Tai Trgng nguyfin, Tfi tudng da dugc dinh sin. Toan bd quyen 2 ciia tap Tdn Am thi sao la gdm 63 bai tho iing chfi cua dng vdi vua Ty Due. Nhd tai nang van ehuong, Biii Van Di da nhifiu lan dugc nhan an siing cua vua Tu Diic ban cho, tam bia Thdn dgo vi Phu dgo Dgi thdn Hiep bien Dgi hge sT Biii Tuang cdng do Tfi tim Qudc tii giam Khifiu Nang TTnh sogn cd ndi: "Tudng cdng do dgc bipt cd tai van hpc, cho nfin dugc lay vao Vifin Han iam, Ndi cac, trudc sau hon hai muoi nam, tho van ling chfi nhifiu lan dugc thudng hgu, cm duge bifit rdt sau""'". Difiu nay chung td sy gdn gui, mfin trpng van tai, tinh thdn biet nhdn "dT van hdi hihi" (dung van chucmg dfi hdi hpp bgn be) ma vi vua van ehucmg nay gianh cho dng. Vi Da Lao nhan, tuc Tuy Ly Vucmg Mien Trinh cung hfit ldi ca nggi tho dng tiong Idi De tit cho tSp Tdn Am thi sao rdng:
"Tifin sinh suy nghT thi dimg tai dfi tiidu td, hpc thi dung tai dfi bifin hda. Cho nen vific lam tho, luu y d ba ti^m thifin (tiic
Kinh Thi), lay chat tii ddi Han Nguy trd xudng van Dudng. Tdn chi tram lang ma sau xa, tifit tau quanh co ma uyfin chuyen. ngdn tfi kheo leo, dep de ma trong sang, khoang dat. So vdi cd nhan ciing khdng kem la bao""^'. Khdng chi vgy, qua nhiing ldi binh diem ciia Tuy Ly Vucmg, Nguyfin Tu Gian. Bui Hiru Tao bang bgc khap trong cac thi tap khac in ciia dng, nhu -^ik-i&^ ky tinh dieu but (tinh y ky la, ngdi biit tinh difiu); %,M^4-^ di du xu&c u&c (mfim mai, dep de). hay i f | f e ^ : ^ ngii dU cdnh xiing (ldi hgp vdi canh)... chiing ta Igi cang thay dugc ro hon thi tai cua Bui v a n Di va cai hay cira tho dng. Trong chuyfin di su 1876 - 1878, Biii Van Di da dugc giao Iuu, thii xudng vdi nhifiu quan lai, van sy nha Thanh. Nhan djp nay. dng gidi thifiu ban thao tSp Vgn ly hdnh ngdm sang tae trong hanh trinh, va da dugc nam vi la Duong An Thp, Nghfi Mgu Le, Long Van Ban, Thinh Tich Ngd, Duong Trpng Nha dfi tya. Trong dd cd khdng it nhiing ldi nhan xet, ea nggi hpc van quang bac, thi tai man tipp eua Bill Van Di. Chdng ban, Nghe Mgu Le vifit: "Lan nay rong rudi vipe vua, trai qua sdng nui, gid mua, at thfi hifin ra ngam vinh. Nhan hdi dfin tiirdc tac cua dng. qua ed tap Vgn ly hdnh ngdm. Dpc nd chgt thdy than khi thanh sang, khifin ngudi phai vung day mua may. Dai khai gin y sau xa, nha ldi tinh difiu, tdt tu ban tinh ma ra, tuyfit khdng to hao td difim.
Ay ggi la khdng lam mgt chfi, ma thay dugc phong Imi vay""*\ Ngoai ra, toan bd van tho cua hon 30 nhan sT Trung
LUOC KHAO VE CAC TRU'Oc TAC V A N C H U O N G . . Hoa xudng hpa, thu t ^ g Bui Van Di
trong Ian di su nay, da duge dng tap hgp thanh cudn Trung chdu thu iing tap, hifin cdn van ban chep tay luu giu tgi Vien Nghifin cim Han Ndm Day la nhimg minh chimg cho sy nfi vi, nguong md cua ngudi Trung Quoc ddi vdi vi su than Viet Nam.
Tuu chung, trudc tac van chuong ciia Biii Van Di cd thfi khdng dfing lgi d con sd thdng kfi trfin, n h i n ^ vi ly do nao dd nen dfin nay da bi that tan, hogc edn an khudt ddu dd ma chua thfi tifip cgn. Cho dfin nay, theo thdng ke ciia chung tdi, du co thfi vln chua ddy du, thi di van cua Bui Van Di hifin cdn 4 tac pham ldn gdm: Tdn Am thi sao, Vgn ly hdnh ngdm, TrT chu thii xu&ng lap, Du hien thi thdo; cung 1 bai chifiu va 1 bai bieu trong trudng thu 2 cua ky thi Hgi nam 1865. Qua thdng kfi sd bai trong 4 thi tgp kfi tten, sd lugng tho dng cdn lai khoang 500 bai, chua kfi mdt phdn tac phdm tan mat trong cac van ban khac. Day la mdt di san van chuong khdng he nhd!
Cd thfi thdy, cac trudc tac tho cila Bui Van Dj trai dai su6t cupc ddi dng, tu khi thi do, ra lam quan, di su sang nha Thanh, cam quan chdng P h ^ d Bac Ky, ty dia d Thanh Hda,... vdi nhieu ndi dung khae nhau:
ling chfi, thu phung, vinh canh, vinh nhan vat, tu sy... Nhan xet vfi tho dng, tiong Tir diin vdn hoc (bp mdi), hpc gia Nguyen Hue Chi vifit: "Tho dng vifit ve thien nhien, phan anh cupc sdng thgt liic bdy gid... Nhin chung, chiing dfiu mang mOt am hudng trdm budn, hifim hoi ldm mdi cd mpt nifim vui bat chgt dfia Nhung du budn hay vui, tho dng dfiu la tifing ndi chan that ciia mdt tam hdn giau chdt tiio".
Nguyfin Q. Thdng va Nguyen Ba Thfi
trong Tir dien nhdn vdt lich sit Viet Nam cflng ca nggi: "Tho dng tinh y sau xa, thanh sang, cd lam bai hay. N h u i ^ cau ddi cua dng ttuy difiu Hoang Difiu, Bui Vifin dat dfin tuyfit difiu. Lue di su, dng timg dfi vinh lau Hoang Hae, md Tao Thao, so biit vdi cac danh sT nha Thanh, duge cac cao sT Trung Qudc hfit ldi ca nggi""". Trong sach Van hge yeu nu&c vd cdeh mgng Hd Nam Ninh thi viet: "Nhfing bai nhgt ky hanh quan chdng giae va nhiing bai cam hoai trudc nguy vong eua dat nudc ma bay lau cdn bi quen lang, cd thfi dua dng lfin dia vi mdt nha tho yeu nudc xdng dang"* . Vdi con sd thdng kfi cac bai tho cdn lai kfi trfin, Biii Van Di hoan toan cd thfi dimg vao hang ngii cae tac gia van hpc tifiu bifiu ciia trieu Nguyen nhu Thifiu Tri, Ty Diic, Tuy Ly Vuong, Timg Thifin Vuong, Nguyen Tu Gian, Nguyen Van Sifiu, Pham Phii Thfi... Nhung do nhihig nguyfin nhan khac nhau, mai dfin nhfing nam eudi thfi ky XX, mot vai trude tac eiia dng mdi duge tuyen dich va gidi thieu tiong mdt sd cdng trinh tdng tap, tuyfin tap van hpc. Thdi gian gan day ciing bat ddu cd mdt sd cdng trinh nghien cuu chuyfin bifit vfi tac phdm cua dng nhu Du hien thi thdo, Vgn ly hdnh ngdm. Tuy vgy, nhin tdng thfi cho dfin nay, di san van ehuang cua Biii Van Di vln chua dugc nghien ciru mdt each ddy du va toan difin. Nfiu tap ttiong khai thac ngudn di van nay, thi chiing ta se cd CO sd tu lieu quan tipng dfi khdng chi nghifin cfiu vfi cudc ddi, sy nghipp ciia danh nhan Biii Van Dj, ma cdn cd thfi til dd tim hifiu va lam sang td nhifiu vdn dfi vfi lich sfi va van hpc Viet Nam vao nua sau thfi ky XIX./.
N . V . K - L . P . D
TAP CHl HAN NOM sd 2 (129) - 2015 NGUY£N VAN KHANH - LE PHUVNG DUY
Cbii thich:
(1) Can day, mot so hpc gia de xuat quan diem dpc lai ten cua danh nhan Biii Van Oj la Biii Van Tu. Xet ve mgt tir dang ^ ciing mdi quan he giira ten huy va ten ttr ciia dng la An Nien j^-*f- ("An Nien" tiic ta nam nha An, nha An gpi nam la Tu), chiing tdi thay each dpc la Bui Van Tir la hpp Iy. Tuy nhien, trong bai viet nay, chiing tdi van tam gpi ten dng theo each diing quen thupc tir trudc tdi nay.
(2) Ong lam viec tai day ttong 8 nam, tham gia bien soan bp Dgi Nam thuc luc - Bi tli ky {trieu Ty Diic) va bifin tap bp Ngu chi Viit sir tong vinh tgp cua vua Ty Biic.
(3) Cac sy kifin chinh trong cupc ddi Biii Van Dj, chiing tdi chu yeu tham khao trcng phan nifin bieu ciia cuon Biii Van Di - Nhd tha yeu nuac ihi ky XIX, Hpi Khoa hpc Ljch sirVi?tNam, 1995.
(4) Ddi vdi nhiing bai tho cd nhifiu ky.
thi chung tdi khdng tinh theo tfin ddu bai, ma tinh rifing tiing don vj ky trong mdi bai.
(5) Nguyen Van Huyen, Biii Van Di - Nhd tha yiu nudc thi ky XIX. Hpi khoa hpc Ljch sir Viet Nam, Ha Npi, 1995, Tr. 43.
(6) Nguyen van: Nhdt nhgt Vi Da tien sinh vdn vifit: Quan thi nhj tap, dT san hanh hT. Chi nhu iing chfi tinh tap tnrdc chu thien, h&u bifin thir thanh tgp phu? Du ung chi viet: Vj da. Tifin sinh vifil; Thir giai tam huyet, bdt kha khi da. Nai qui nhi kifim chi khiep trung, tdc nSng gia h&u su, tj dia hue tri, CO vong ky ban. Nhan gian ddc cd can thfi nhj bach du thu phd tii, danh viet Tdn Am thi sao, hgp tien nhj tap tinh ton. Ti hgu the tu tdn, tung du chi thi, kifin du chi chi;
d& sd tao chi thdi, sd xO chi dja, do Ljch ljch kha chung da / — E | ^ ^ ^ ^ P = . ^ E ; :
a # ^ x r * ^ I S * f e ^ - f r i £ ^ ^ W # ^ # #
mSSTii^lL(KH.A.I428,td4a-5a).
(7) Nguyen Van Huyen, sdd, tr. 44.
(8) Nguyen v3n: "Ke vang phan thj nhj thap huu nhj nguyet da. Ky gian, chu trinh xa Id sd qua, son xuyfin thanh quach cgp chu danh tii thdng tich, nhdt thifit kha kinh kha mp, kha bi kha hy chi trgng, binh nhgt dpc thu nhi tam vang yen gia, hgnh nang than ly myc kich. Vifin cac he dT Iy cu. Ti tha nhpt ngpa du, trii tich Iri khu vu djch, giang son phong canh Ijch lich nhu tai muc tifin.."/
i g i ; i I i S . J p ; E L s i - ^ ^ ^ ^ - f e 7 - 5 r S ^ $ -
(Kh: VHv. 868, td 102b).
(9) Tai Thu vipn Qudc gia hifin cung luu mdt ban Fan ly hdnh ngdm mang R. 606.
(10) Nguyen vSn: "Tuy bi ly nhu An Thp, ddc du hai ngogi quan tti kfit giao van ty nhan duyen, dT minh nga qudc gia hoai nhu c|p vien, trung ngogi ddng van chi thjnh, thj tdc tieu thdn chi hgu hanh da. Khdi tdm thudng luu lifin phong nguyfit nhdt thutmg nhdt vjnh ti tai"/
tL-ai(KH;A.12l8,td2a-2b).
(I I)Nguyfin van Huyfin, sdd, tr.lOI.
(12) Nguyen Van Huyen, sdd, tt.215.
(13) Ngoai ra, tnrdc nay cac nha nghien Cliu thudng cho rdng Bui Van Dj cdn cd mpt
LUOC KHAO VE CAC TRUOC TAC V A N CHLTONG...
tac pham van xudi khac la Du hien tiing but T S f f ^ $ , sogn trong thdi gian di sii Trung Qudc (1876-1878). Tai Vien Nghien cmi Han Nom, CO lini giu mdt van ban chep tay cua tap sach nay mang ky hieu A.801, day 288 trang. Bia sach dfi bon chir khai Du hiin tiing but, sau dd la npi dung, ddu cudi khdng co tya, bgt, khdng ghi ten ngudi sogn. Tap sach gom nhiing dogn van khao ve cac nui sdng, canh vgt, phong tho, danh thdng cd tich... cua Trung Qudc ma doan sii bd Viet Nam di qua. Cac tac gia ciia bp Di sdn Hdn Ndm Viit Nam - Thu muc di yiu va mpt so cdng ttinh khac nhu Biii Vdn Di - nM tha yiu nudc thi ky XIX cua Hpi Khoa hpc Lich su Vi$t Nam; TH diin nhdn vgt lich sit Viet Nam cua Nguyfin Q. Thdng va Nguyfin BaThfi;...
cd le can cii vao hai ch& "Du hifin". nen da khdng djnh day la tac pham eiia Biii VSn Dj.
Tuy nhifin, trong bd Viit Nam Hdn Ndm vdn hien myc lge di yiu, nhdm Vuong Tieu Thudn dS ehiing minh dugc tie gia ciia cudn sAch nay la Phan Huy Chu chu khdng phai Biii van Dj. Phdn dfi din gidi thieu cho tap Du hiin tiing bitt trong bp Viit Nam Hdn vdn Yin hdnh vdn hiin lap thdnh - quyen 11, ciing theo quan difim nay, cho tac gia tap sach la Phan Huy Chii.
(14) Nguyen Van Huyen, sdd, Tr. 211.
(15) Nguyen van: " ^ ^ . g ^ c X t t ^ W
'^t$^-^-^/^^'^^ ^ "^^1 Tien sinh tu dT tai linh, hpc dl tai hda. Co sd vi thi, khic y tam bach thifin, thu tai Han Ngyy hg cap VSn Dudng. Ky chi trdm dT tham, ky tiet hu dT uyfin, ky tir cdng tri nhi thanh khoang, u co nhan di$c bdt da nhugngdr(A.I428.td6a-6b).
(16) Nguyfin van: 'Thir phien vuong sy tri khu, sd ljch scm xuyen phong vu, thien hoai ty nhien, tdt luu Id u ngam vjnh. Nhan sach I^ tmdc tac, qua hihi Van ly hanh ngam. Dpc chi don giac thin thanh khi sang, linh nhan khdi vu. Cai ky ky y chi tham, tho tir chi diey tdt tdng ban tinh liung luu xudt, tuyet vd tiem hao diem xuyfit. Sd vi bat truoc nhat tu, tan ddc Phong luu da / j l b # i ^ ^ ^ f 1 - ^ a , JllJ@L^5^'l^ ll «
^ — ^ # ^ 1 - ^ ; , i - i t " (VHv. 868, td2b-3a).
(17) Nguyen Q. Thdng, Nguyin Ba Thfi, Zii- diin nhdn vgt Iieh sii Viit Nam, Nxb.
Tdng hpp, TP Hd Chi Minh, 2006, tr 34.
(18) Hpi Van hpc Nghe thuat Ha Nam Ninh, Vdn hoc yeu nudc vd cdeh mgng Hd NamNinh, Nxb.KHXH. H,1981,trl03.
Tai lifu tham khao I. Sach Han Nom
1. Biiu chiiu phu hgp tuyin ^ ^ 1 3 ^ - ^ i t ; VHv. 1926.
2 Cirr^hi^thitt^^ti^^:A3\6; A2178 3. Du hien thi thdo ^^i^^: VHv.l 128;
A.2554; VHv.l 127; VHv.1993; VHv.248;
A.355; A.I441.
4 Tdn Am thi sao ^ ^ I t #-:A.I428;
VHv.701; VHv.702; A.196.
5. Tri chu thil xudng tdp^-^M^ii^: A.
1218;A. 392.
6. Vgn ly hdnh ngdm ^S.H'^: VHv.
868; VHv. 867; VHv.251; A.2840; VHv.869;
A.305; A.2363.
n . Sach tieng Viet
57
TAP CHl HAN NOM SO 2 (129) - 2015 NGUYEN VAN KHANH - L f PHUONG DUY 1. Hdi Van hpc Nghfi thuat Ha Nam
Ninh, Van hge yiu mrdc va cdch mgng Hd NamNinh. Nxb. KHXH, H,1981.
2. Nguyen Q. Thang, Nguyfin Ba Thfi, Tit diin nhdn vgt lich sir Viit Nam (Bp mdi), Nxb. Tdng hgp, TP Hd Chi Minh, 2006.
3. Nguyen Van Huyen (sun tam, bien djch), Biii Vdn Di - Nhd tha yiu nude thi ky XIX, Hpi Khoa hpc Lich sir Viet Nam, Ha Npi, 1995.
4. Trinh Khac Mgnh: Tin tgten hi^u cdc idcgiaHdnNdm, Nxb. KHXH, H,2012.
5. Pham Thi Gai, Khdo eiiu van bdn Du Hien thi thdo cua Biii Van Dj, Luan vSn Thgc sy chuyen nganh Han Ndm, Dai hpe Khoa hpc Xa hdi & Nhan van, Dai hpc Qudc gia Ha Npi, 2011.
6. Tran NghTa, Franpois Gros (dong chii bien): Di sdn Hdn Nom Viit Nam Thu muc diyiu. Nxb. KHXH, H, 1997.
