DANH GIA TINH BEN VUTVG TRONG SU" DVNG DAT NONG NGHIEP TREN DIA BAN HUYEN GO DAU, TINH TAY NINH
Trirffng Cong Phu C h i Dinh Ly Tdm tdt: De ddnh gid tinh ben viing trong sii dung ddt nong nghiep tren dia bdn huyen Go Ddu, tinh Tdy Ninh, nhdm tdc gid ttin hdnh xdy dung bg chi thi. Bdi viit dua ra bp chi thi dua trin phuong phdp da tiiu chi, ddnh mirc do quan trong de sdng Igc timg chi thi ddp ung vdi muc tieu. Tir bp chi thi, nhom tdc gid dp dung phuong phdp phdn tich thdnh phdn chinh de ddnh gid tinh ben viing trong sir dung ddt nong nghiep. Chirc ndng cua tirng chi thi trong bp chi thi la diing de cung cdp thong tin, so do hay gid tri ket xuat tir tham so. cdc chi thi ndy se chuyen nhirng thong tin phuc tap thdnh dang don gidn hon a ba mat kinh te. xa hpi vd mdi trudng. Tir do co thi do lucmg, so sanh cUng nhu ddnh gid duae tinh bin viing mot cdch chinh xdc, giup cho huyen Gd Ddu su dung ddt nong nghiep ngdy cdng hieu qud hon ve kinh te, ddm bdo ve mdt xa hpi cUng nhu moi trudng dugc chdp nhdn. Tic kit qud do, cd the thdy dugc nhihig chi thi ndo con yeu kem can phdi de xudt cdc gidi phdp. cUng nhu dinh huang su dung ddt nong nghiep dcd hien tgivd tuong tai.
Tit khoa: Bp chi thi; su dung ddt nong nghiep; tinh ben viing; huyen Go Ddu; tinh Tdy Ninh.
Mddau
Ndng nghiep cac huyen tren dia ban tmh Tay Ninh cd vi tri rat quan hgng trong nen kinh te ciia tinh, gdp phan dn dinh kinh te, an ninh luong thyc cho dia phuong va cac khu vyc lan can, ngay ca sang Campuchia. Hien nay, huyen Gd Dau la mdt hong nhiing huyen cd tdc do dd thi hda rat cao, dan sd ngay cang gia tang (nam 2016 dan sd la 143.730 ngudi), d cac xa ndng thdn thi dan sd chu yau sdng lam nghe chan nudi, hdng trgt va nudi trdng thiiy san.
Trinh do san xuat ndng nghiep chua cao, khdng ap dung dugc nhung thanh tuu khoa hgc cdng nghe vao ndng nghiep, nan dan den sii dung dat dai theo y thich ciia minh. Ngudi dan it luan canh ma chay theo phong hao, tuc loai cay trdng nao cho nang suat, san lugng va gia ban dugc cao thi hg cd gang lam bang mgi gia, thiau sy dinh hudng cua nganh ndng nghiep va khdng dy bao dugc gia ca ndng san, ciing nhu sy anh hudng cua thdi tiet. Tir dd dan din suy giam ve chat lugng nhu dat bi thoai
hda, xdi mdn, suy giam ngudn nude, nhiem Idm loai nang va ddi vdi khu vuc dd thi thi lai ty y chuyen sang dat san xuat kinh doanh hay dich vu va dat d khdng theo quy hoach.
Vi vay, de dinh hudng dugc viec su dyng dat mdt each hieu qua ve kinh te, san xuat ra nhiau ndng san cd chit lugng, dap ling dugc sy mong mudn tdi thiau ciia ngudi dan ma khdng lam anh hudng den mdi trudng, ciing nhu van de an sinh xa hgi, thi ddi hdi cin nim bat dugc thyc trang sir dung, danh gia dugc thyc trang qua trinh sii dyng, nhiing tdn tai vudng mac da timg budc dinh hudng dugc cho nhiing giai doan tiap theo.
Mat khac, da giai quyet bai toan mdi quan he ba mat tiam nang ve kinh ta, co sd ha tang xa hdi va tai nguyan mdi trudng, sir dung dat dam bao hieu qua lau dai va khdng lam anh hudng den the he sau nay, khdng uu tien linh vyc kinh te ma lam tdn hai mdi trudng, cung nhu xa hdi, can phai sic dung dat mgt each ben viing. Da lam tdt thi can phai Idem soat nhu tha nao? Bang cdng cy gl? Cd
PHAT T R I ^ N B ^ N VIJNG VUNG Q U Y E N 8, S6 1 (3/2018)
NGHJgN CLTU THyC NGHIEM - KINH NGHIgM
do ludng dugc hay khdng? Va cd tieu chi cu tha hay chi ndi chung chung?
Da giai quyet cac vln da tran, nhdm tac gia xay dyng bd chi thj va ap dung phuang phap phan tich thanh phin chinh d l danh gia tmh bin viing trong su dyng dat ndng nghiep tran dia ban huyen Gd Dau tinh Tay Ninh.
2. Phinmg ph^p nghien c ^
- Phuong phap thu thap thdng tin, tai lieu: Thu thap cac thdng tin, tai lieu tu cac nude cd diau kien tuong ty Viet Nam, van ban cua Bd Tai nguyen va Mdi trudng, Bd Ndng nghiep va Phat trien ndng thdn va cac Bd cd han quan, cac Sd, Ban, Nganh, cac de tai dy an cd lian quan d cac vi^n nghien cuu..., ket hgp di dieu tia, phdng van tinh hinh su dyng dat cd anh hudng den kinh ta, xa hdi va mdi trudng han dia ban thdng qua cac mau phiau.
- Phuang phap chuyan gia: Thdng qua viec gui bao cao, dii lieu, bd chi thi lian quan den cac chuyen gia de xin y kien gdp y, tham khao y kien ciia cac chuyen gia ve kinh te, xa hgi, khoa hgc dat va ca linh vyc mdi trudng thugc cac vien, eye, sd, trudng dai hgc, can bg cd tham nien cdng tac chuyan mdn.
- Phuang phap da tieu chi: Tir cac chi thi, chi sd thu thap dugc han quan dan tinh ben viing trong sir dung dit ndng nghiep, tac gia tien hanh phdng vln cac chuyen gia, chuyen gia cho dilm timg chi thi, tiau chi mdt each ddc lap. Tii diam ciia cac chuyan gia, nhdm tac gia ap dung ky thuat phan tich td hgp cac tieu chi de cho ra ket qua cuoi ciing gdm mdt sd ky thuat nhu: xap hang theo thii ty, sap xep ty le, ky thuat so sanh cap ddi (phuong phap AHP), danh gia trye tilp su thda hiep d l sin sang thay the mgt phuang an lya chgn khac rdi so sanh ket qua tir cac ky thuat nay vdi nhau dl cd each nhin khach quan ve ket qua. Ddi vdi phuang phap AHP thi cac chi thi, tiau chi nay se dugc so sanh tam quan hgng timg cap vdi nhau trong mgt ma tian cap ddi, diem ket luan se la kit qua cua viec lya chgn cac chi thi cd tam anh hudng thda man cac dieu kien dat ra.
Phuang phap Logic md (Fuzzy); Logic md dugc phat trien tir ly thuyat tap md da thirc hien lap luan mdt each xap xi thay vi lap luan chinh xac theo Idgic vi tii cd diln. Ldgic md co thi dugc coi la mat ling dung ciia ly thuylt tap md dl xii ly cac gia tri trong thd gidi thyc cho cac bai toan phuc tap (Klu, 1997). Da phan tich thanh phan chinh thi phai quy sd lieu ve mgt chieu va dan gian, cimg tang hoac cung giam, sd lieu thu thap se chiiy tii 0 den 1 de tien hanh ap dyng ph^n tich P C A (Principal Component Analysis) mpt each chinh xac va khach quan.
- Phuong phap phan tich thanh phin chinh (PCA): Phan tich thanh phan chinh (Principal Component Analysis - PCA) la phuang phap phan tich dii liau nhiau bien don gian nhat. Vi phdi nghian ciiu dii li^u trudc khi xay dyng cac mo hinh suy dien, danh gia hay so sanh ma dua tren du lieu do. Dii lieu danh gia huyen Gd DIU cd sd chilu Idn, khdng tha nhan biet hay nhin rd dugc, do do can phai tim each dua dii lieu ve khdng gian co so chieu nhd hon. Tit dd se giiip giam sd chilu cua dii lieu, xay dung mdt khdng gian mdi it chiau hern, nhung lai cd kha nang bilu dien dii lieu tdt tuong duong khdng gian cii, dam bao do bian thien cua dli lieu tran mdi chiau mdi, de dang nhin thly de phan tich su thay ddi va mdi Uan he giira cac chi thi vdi nhau.
3. Ket qua nghien cmi va thao luan 3.L Thuc tr^ng su dung ddt nong nghifp tren dia ban huyen Gd Dau
Dat ndng nghiep tren dia ban huyen Gd Dau qua cac nam tii 2010 din 2014 biln ddng lian tuc, cu the nhu: dat san xuat ndng nghiep dien tich 21.436,67 ha, giam 140,52 ha so vdi nam 2010; M nudi trdng thuy san: dien tich 166,76 ha, tangl,79 ha so vdi nam 2010; dit d dien tich 1.012,71 ha, giam 60,24 ha so vdi nam 2010, dit chuyan diing dien tich 2.048,84 ha, giam 451,63 ha so vdi nam 2010.
66 PHAT T R I E N B ^ N V O N G VUNG Q U Y E N 8, SO 1 (3/2018)
Triwng Cong Phu - Che flinh Ly Banh gid tinh ben vung...
Bang 1: BIEN D O N G DAT GIAI DOAN 2010 - 2014
STT
1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 3
MUC BICH SlJ DVNG Dien tich tir ntiien
Nliom dat nong ngliiep Dat san xuat nong nghiep Dat lain nghiep Dat nuoi trong thuy san Dat lam mu6i Dat nong nghiep khac Nhom dat phi nong nghifp Dato
Dat chuyen dung Dat CO so ton giao Dat CO so tin nguong Dat nghia trang, nghia dia Dat song, ngoi, kenh, rach, suoi Dat CO mat nu6c chuyen dung Dat phi nong nghiep khac Nhom dat chira sir dung
Ma
NNP SXN LNP NTS LMU NKH PNN OCT CDG TON TIN NTD SON MNC PNK CSD
Dif n tich nam 2014
25.996,83 21.607,85 21.436,67 166,76
4,42 3.702,45 1.012,71 2.048,84 12,97 2,35 121,99 502,19 1,39 686,53
So voi nam 2010 Dif n tich nam 2010
25.998,51 21.753,43 21.577,19 164,97
11,27 4.237,41 1.072,95 2.500,47 14,13 4,87 116,77 526,07 1,42 0,73 7,67
Tang(+) glam(-) -1,68 -145,58 -140.52 1,79
-6,85 - 534,96
- 60,24 -451,63 -1,16 -2,52 5,22 -23,88 -0,03 -0,73 678,86 Ngudn: Uy ban nhdn ddn huyen Go Ddu (2014).
Do viec mua ban, chuyen nhugng ciia ngudi dan diln ra ngay cang phiic tap dudi mgi hinh thuc ca hgp phap va khdng hgp phap, nhieu trudng hgp chinh quyln dia phuang khdng nam dugc. Tir do nay sinh ra rlt nhiau hanh vi vi pham Luat Dat dai nhu: chuyen nhugng, chia tach, hgp thiia sai quy dinh, ty y chuyen myc dich sir dung khdng theo quy hoach, ke hoach sir dung dat... Nhiing bien ddng nay chua dugc cap nhat day dii vao ban do va ho so dia chinh ciia dia phuang trong thdi gian dai.
va mat tai nguyen dit thi huyen cd 4 nhdm dat chinh, trong dd nhdm dat xam chiem da sd (81,10%), dit phii sa thi chilm ty le thap nhat (UBND huyen Gd DIU, 2011, ti. 30).
- Nhom dat xam (X). cd dien tich 21.084,80 ha, chilm 81,10% dien tich toan huyen.Nhdm dat xam nay dugc chia thanh 5 loai: dat xam dien hinh (X), dit xam cd gley (Xg), dat xam cd tang loang Id
(Xf), dat xam dgng mim (Xh), dat xam dgng miin gley(Xhg).
- Nhom ddt phen (S): cd dien tich 3.302 ha, chiem 12,70% tdng dien tich tu nhian cua huyen, gdm 3 loai: dat phen thuy phan (Sr), dat phen hoat ddng (Sj), dat phen tiam tang (Sp).
- Nhom ddt than bun (Tv). Dat Than biin chdn vui: Dien tich 1.456,11 ha, chiem 5,60% tdng dien tich ty nhien cua huyen, phan bd khu vyc ven Sdng Vam Cd Ddng tai cac xa Hiep Thanh, Thanh Phudc, Phudc Trach.
- Nhom ddt phii sa (P): Hinh thanh tren tiam tich tre (Holocen) cua he thdng sdng Vam Cd Ddng phan bd tran dang dia hinh van va thap trimg d cac xa Cam Giang, Thanh Phudc, Nhdm dat phu sa dugc chia lam 02 don vi: Dat phii sa cd ting loang Id dd vang (Pf), dat phii sa gley (Pg).
PHAT T R | £ N B £ N V O N G V U N G QUYCN 8, s o 1 (3/2018) 67
NGHISN CIJU THIJC NGHIgM - KINH NGHIgM
Bang 2: DIEN TICH CAC NHOM DAT CHINH THEN DIA B A N HUYEN G 6 DAU STT
1 2 3 4
Loai d3t Nhom dat phu sa Nhom dat phen Nhom dat than bun Nhom dSt xam
Ky hieu P, Pf, Pg S, Sj, Sp, Si T,Tv
X, Xf, Xg, Xh, Xhg Dien tich tir nhi§n
Dien tich (ha) 155,60 3.302,00 1.456,11 21.084,80 25.998,51
T y l e ( % ) 0,60 12,70 5,60 81,10 100,00 Ngudn: Uy ban nhdn ddn huyen Go Ddu (2011).
v l tai nguyan dit d Gd Diu, thi dien tich nhdm dat ngheo dinh dudng chiem da sd, de tiong cay hieu qua thi phai bdn day dii loai phan va can ddi tiing loai. Tuy nhian, ca huyen gdm 3 nhdm dit chinh va tiong timg nhdm rat da dgng timg loai, vi vay cd nhiau Igi the cho phat trian da dang cac loai cay tidng vdi quy md Idn tap trung, dac biet la rit phu hgp vdi cac loai cay hdng nude nhu khu vyc giap sdng vam Cd Ddng, ciing cd nhiing vimg thich hgp cho cay hdng can lau nam, ca hang nam.
Nhung viae sir dung dit d day chua phat huy hit hieu qua, chua hinh thanh nhilu viing chuyan canh, viing nguyen lieu tap Uung, nhung viing dit thip, thi nan ket hgp trdng lua ddng thdi vdi nudi thuy san, phai thilt lap md hinh "VAC" ndng - ngu kit hgp thi mdi dem lai hieu qua cao dugc.
Bang 3: GL\ TRI M O T SO T H 6 N G SO HUYEN G 6 D A U 2014-2016 Trong khi dd, viec khai thac va su dung dit cho cac myc dich thudng con ngudi chi biet phuc vy Igi ich cua minh ma khdng nghi den mdi trudng xung quanh, tir dd da lam thay ddi mdi trudng, phi vd cau triic dat, d nhiam kim loai nang va cac hiiu qua nang na khac nhu tao ra bui, khi ddc anh hudng den chat lugng dit nude va khdng khi hong va ngoai khu vyc, anh hudng den sy can bang sinh thai tir dd lam cho cugc sdng dan sinh bi de doa.
Do dd, can phai day manh viec diu tu cai tgo hao ve dat, chdng suy thoai va d nhiam mdi trudng dat, nang cao y thiic ngudi dan khi khai thac va sil dung dat va phai xem day la viec lam thuang xuyan va phai coi hgng.
STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Th6ng so Gia tri BOD5 trong nuoc mat Chi so chat luong nuac WQI Dp due a mot so song chinh (*) Gia tri pH trong nuac mat Do che phii mat dat
Kim loai nang khu vuc canh tac su dung nhieu phan bon v6 ca, thuoc BVTV
Ham luang bui trong khong khi Gia tri CO hrong khong khi
Tong luong phan bon hoa hoc su dung trong nong nghiep DVT mgOi/l
NTU
%
mg/kgTKL mg/m^
mg/m^
Kg/ha/nam
Gi^ tri dao dong 5-22 25-52 12-48 5.55-6.5 19.54 -20.12
21.6-43.77 0.13-0.27 4.09-6.75 785-950 Nguon: Chi Cue Bdo vi Moi truong, So Tai nguyen va Moi trumg tinh Tdy Ninh (2013 2014 2015, 2016).
68 PHAT TRieN BEN V O N G VUNG Q U Y £ N 8, SO 1 (3/2018)
Triitmg Cong Phii ~ Che Binb Ly Danh gia tinh ben vfliig...
Tai cac thdi diem quan trac dau khdng cd dau hieu d nhiem kim loai nang nhu Pb, Cr, Cd, As, mgt sd vi tri cd phat hien Pb, Cd, Cr, tuy nhien ham lugng rat nhd va khdng anh hudng dan chat lugng nude mat tai diam khao sat hong tuang lai thi can chii y ham lugng nay. Cac thdng sd danh gia d nhilm chat lugftg ngudn nude mat tai cac diem quan hac tran dia ban tinh cd ham lugng TSS, Coliform cao va vugt QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT (loai BI) vao nam 2015 so vdi nam 2016; ham lugng TSS cao nhat vao mua mua, diu mua khd va vao liic triau xudng. Ham lugng NH4+ cao nhat vao liic trilu xudng.
Chat lugng lao dgng ndng nghiep ciing anh hudng khdng he nhd dan nang suit va chit lugng ndng san. Hien tai dilu nay ciing dang lo ngai vi hiu hat lao ddng d ndng thdn chua qua dao tao va trinh do dan tri cua ndng dan chua cao, nhit la viec ling dyng khoa hgc ky thuat vao ndng nghiep. Giai doan 2011 - 2015 va thdi gian gin day thi lao ddng ndng nghiep cd do tudi bi gia hda di vi hau het lao ddng he khdng tha thiet vdi nganh ndng nghiep, hg chuyan sang ITnh vuc cdng nghiep va dich vu. Gia ca ndng san thudng khdng dn dinh, rat it nhimg chinh sach bao trg ddi vdi cac san pham mang tinh chien luge tien dia ban huyen, day ciing la van da hat sue biic xiic trong nganh gay anh hudng khdng nhd ddn viec dau tu va tha thiet vdi nganh ciia ngudi dan.
Nau so vdi khu vyc thi nang suat mdt sd cay trdng chinh cdn kha thap, gia ca lai cao, hong khi dd chat lugng cdn lai kem chua dat yeu cau thi trudng, khd cd tha canh tranh trong va ca viec xuat khau anh hudng khdng nhd den thu nhap cua ngudi san xuat. Cac co sd dich vy phuc vu trong ndng nghiep cdn thiau, can bd khuyen ndng cd chuyen mdn gidi, cd trach nhiem va tam huyet vdi nghe chua nhieu.
Be nha quan ly cd cai nhin tdng quat tir mdt sd bit cap d l cap d tran, ciing nhu de danh gia dugc qua trinh sir dung dat dua tren cac tieu chi dugc xac dinh trudc hong dieu kien dat ndng nghiep hen dia ban huyen Gd Dau thi nhat thiet phai cd bd chi
thi danh gia chung tian dia ban. Tir do se ap dung danh gia dugc mdt each khach quan, bao ham day dli cac mat trong van da sir dyng dat ndng nghiep dam bao ca hien tai va tuong lai.
3.2. Xdy dung bd chi thi ddnh gid tinh ben viing trong sir d^ng ddt ndng nghifp tren dia bdn huyen Go Ddu
De cd dugc bd chi thi, nhdm tac gia da nghien cuu tai heu nude ngoai cd dieu kien tuong ty nhu Viet Nam, tai lieu trong nude, cd hen quan va cu tha d diau kien tinh Tay Ninh. Tir do, nhdm tac gia dua ra dugc bg chi thi so bd (gdm 45 chi thi cho ba Imh vyc kinh tl, xa hdi, mdi trudng) phyc vy danh gia tinh bin virng trong sir dung dat ndng nghiep.
Vi chi thi bao gdm nhilu ITnh vyc, cho nen cin phai sang Igc va loai bd nhung chi thi it lien quan va khdng can thiat. Vi vay, nhdm tac gia nghien cim va da dua ra 5 tiau chi sang Igc (dii lieu cd san;
phii hgp vdi muc tiau; da hieu; nhay cam) (Truong Cdng Phii va Chi Dinh Ly, 2016, ti". 5).
6 day, nhdm tac gia ap dyng phuang phap da tiau chi de sang Igc. Phuang phap nay dugc su dung rat nhieu ITnh vyc khac nhau nhu kinh ta, xa hdi, mdi trudng va tac gia da thir nghiem va ap dung trong viec xay dyng bd chi thi danh gia tinh ban viing tiong sii dung dat ndng nghiep la rat phii hgp. Da cd bd chi thi chinh thiic, nhdm tac gia sang Igc, danh gia miic do quan hgng ciia cac chi thi tren timg phuong dien cd tham khao ban chuyan gia am hiau sau d cac ITnh vyc khac nhau cdng vdi kinh nghiem ban than. Tiic la sau khi xir ly tinh toan thi hgng sd cua 5 tiau chi ap dung da sang Igc \kn lugt la 0.16; 0.32; 0.31; 0.15; 0.06. Tir day, nhdm tac gia nhan vdi diem trung binh ciia nam chuyen gia va kinh nghiem ban than ciia nhdm tac gia cd dugc diam sd, Ket qua cua bd chi thi chinh thiic la chgn nhiing chi thi cd sd diem tir 4 (diem cao nhat la 5) trd len, cu tha gdm 24 chi thi. Sau khi cd dugc bd chi thj, nhdm tac gia tien hanh thu thap, phan tich va chuan hda sd lieu da phuc vy danh gia tinh ban vimg tiong su dyng dat ndng nghiep tren dia ban huyen.
PHAT TRieN B S N VONG VCJNG Q U Y S N 8, SO 1 (3/2018) 69
NGHIEN CCfU THLfC NGHIEM - KINH NGHIEM
Bang 4: SO LIEU CHUAN H 6 A PHUC VU DANH GIA TINH BEN VffNG STT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Chi thi Thu nhap binh quan dau nguai thang Gia tri san xuat nganh nong nghiep
Ty le nang suat lua ca nam/NS lua binh quan ca nam cua vung
Ty le nang suat CHN/NS CHN binh quan cua vimg Gia tri san pham thu duae/1 ha dat trong trot Gia tri san pham thu duac/lha dat NTTS Ty le ho diing nuac sach trong sinh hoat Ty le duong giao thong nong thon dugc be tong hoa Miic do giam sat khai thac tai nguyen, chat lugfng moi truong
Miic do chap hanh cac quy dinh cua phap luat Ty le ho ngheo
Gia tri BOD5 ttong nuac mat Ham luong DO trong song, ho Chi s6 chat lugng nuac WQI Do due a mot so song chinh Gia tri pH trong nuoc mat Gia tri pH trong nuoc ngam Do che phii mat dat Ty le thu gom, xu ly chiit thiii rin Bien dgng ve dien tich dat nong nghiep Dien tich dat dimg xir ly CTR trong nong nghiep Dien tich dSt san xuat nong nghiep/dau nguoi khu vuc nong thon
Kim loai nang khu vuc canh tac su dung nhieu phan bon v6 eg, thuoc BVTV
Ham lugng bui h-ong khong khi
2011 0.118 0.207 0.755 O.IOI 0.204 0.012 0.000 0.000 0.235 0.538 0.203 0.960 1.000 0.149 0.259 0.526 0.677 0.138 0.250 0.161 0.040 0.041 0.271 0.801
2012 0.333 0.301 0.797 0.293 0.328 0.025 0.121 0.193 0.646 0.633 0.311 0.680 0.896 0.149 0.630 0.251 0.723 0.184 0.275 0.176 0.014 0.354 0.268 0.784
2013 0.608 0.270 0.735 0.000 0.270 0.212 0.242 0.290 0.957 0.746 0.405 0.760 0.844 0.627 0.500 0.545 0.650 0.178 0.500 0.174 0.039 0.448 0.263 0.165
2014 0.618 0.260 0.701 0.103 0.202 0.164 0.333 0.387 0.850 0.751 0.568 0.560 0.504 0.746 0.444 0.280 0.670 0.420 0.600 0.175 0.067 0.448 0.260 0.788
201s 0.775 0.265 0.860 0.191 0.225 0.191 0.394 0.445 1.000 0.929 0.757 O.920 0.255 0.448 0.685 0.592 0.653 0.420 0.650 0.175 0.037 0.448 0.242 0.760 Ngudn: Kit qud phdn tich
Be danh gia bang phuang phap PCA thi khdng the de sd lieu thd danh gia dugc vi co nhiing chi thi cang Idn cang tdt, vi du nhu thu nhap binh quan dau ngudi, nang suat cay trdng... ngugc lai ciing cd nhiing chi thi cang giam cang tot, vi du nhu ham lugng kim loai nang trong dit, ty le hg ngheo...
cung cd chi thi trung binh lai tdt nhu pH, DO...
Vi vay, nhdm tac gia se ap dung phuang phap chuan hda sd lieu bang phuang phap fuzzy dl dua ve Cling mgt chieu tang de dl dang trong viec phan
ly tinh todn cua nhom tdc gid (2017).
tich va danh gia. Chuin hda dii tieu la mot budc trung gian de quy ddi dan vi tinh khac nhau ciia cac chi thi khac ve mdt don vi duy nhat. Budc chuan hda dii dieu se giiip viec tinh toan dilm ket luan cho cac chi thi thuan tien va dl dang hon.
3.3. Ddnh gid tinh ben vUng trong su dmg ddt nong nghiep tren dia bdn huyen Go Ddu
Kit qua phan tich thanh phin chinh vl mai kinh tl ta cd, variance lln lugt la 2.047; 1.3339;
1.2571; 4.638; var lin lugt la 0.341; 0.222; 0.21;
PHAT T R I E N B E N V Q N G V U N G Q U Y ^ N 8, SO 1 (3/2018)
Trinmg Cong Phu - Che Binh Ly Banh gia tinh ben vihig—
0.773. Tucmg ty ITnh vyc xa hgi variance lan lugt la 1.7614; 1.5583; 1.035; 4.3547; var lin lugt la 0.352; 0.312; 0.207; 0.871. Mdi trudng variance lin lugt la 3.6176; 2.9223; 2.1699; 8.7098; var lin
lugt la 0.226; 0.183; 0.136; 0.544. Tir kit qua nay, nhdm tac gia tien hanh phan tich, tinh toan va xii ly thi kat qua nhu sau:
Bang 5: CHI SO DONG GOP TINH BEN V I J N G STT
1 2 3
Linh vyc Kinhte Xahgi Moi trucmg
2011 0.062 0.210 -0.114
2012 0.062 0.210 -0.114
2013 0.062 0.210 -0.114
2014 0.062 0.210 -0.114
2015 0.062 0.210 -0.114 Ngudn: Tinh todn cua nhom tdc gid (2017).
Tu bang sd lieu, nhdm tac gia da ve bieu do d ba linh vyc da thay rd dugc tinh ban viing ve kinh te, xa hgi va mdi trudng.
Bilu do 1: TtNH BEN VLTNG VE MAT KINH TE
0 200 ,
!
0.150 I 0.100
! 0.050 I
' 0.000 — 2010 5 2 0 1 1 2011 5 2012 2012 5 2013 2013 5 2014 2014 S 2015 2015.5
Ngudn: Tinh todn cua nhom tdc gid (2017).
Qua bieu dd huyen Go Dau, cd the ndi ve mat kinh ta thi huyen tuong ddi ben viing qua cac nam.
Nam 2011 kem ban virng nhat tha hien d hau het
Bilu d l 2: TINH BEN VUNG VE MAT XA HOI
cac chi thi tir CTI dan CT6 lan lugt nhu 1,85 trieu ddng; 1,70 ty ddng; 1,03 %; 0,81 %; 89,93 tiieu ddng; 69,92 trieu ddng.
0.500 0.400 0 300 0 200 O 100 0.000
2010 5 2011 2011 5 2012 2012.5 2013 2013 S 2014 2014 5 2015 2015.5
Ngudn: Tinh todn cua nhom tdc gid (2017).
va mat xa hgi thi huyen tuong ddi bin viing, nam 2015 la ben viing nhit d hiu hat cac chi thi nhu ty le hd dung nude sach trong sinh boat 45,50%; ty le dudng giao thdng ndng thdn dugc be tdng hda 44,53%; miic do giam sat khai thac tai
nguyen, chat hx(Tag mdi trudng 82,32%; miic do chip hanh cac quy dinh ciia phap luat 95,93%, hau het deu cao ban cac nam tit 2011 dan 2014.
P H A T TRi^N B £ N V O N G V D N G Q U Y ^ N 8, SO 1 (3/2018) 71
NGHIEN CLfU THIJC NGHIgM - KINH NGHIEM
Bilu d l 3: TiNH BEN VCTNG VE MAT MOI TRlTCiNG
Ngudn: Tinh todn cua nhom tdc gid (2017).
Mac dli huyen da rit cd ging cai thien mdi trudng qua nhilu nam hi 2011 din 2015 dlu theo hudng di len, nhung so vdi mat bang chung thi chua dat yeu clu. Nguyan nhan chii yeu la huyen Gd Diu hian nay toe dg dd thi hda dien ra rat phirc tap, nhit la gin Cua Khiu Mdc Bai, tinh tiang khai thac dit dai, chan nudi, nha hang, khach san, du lich... dugc xay dyng tian dit ndng nghiep thudng xuyen diln ra, nhat la cac nam 2011, 2012. Nhiing nam trd lai day thi huyen da tap trung quan ly chat che hon tinh tiang nay, nan ta thiy biau dd cd xu hudng tang dan len cac nam 2014, 2015.
Sau khi phan tich, xir ly sd lieu va ddi chiau dilu kien thyc tl, nhdm tac gia da xuat mdt sd chi thi nhu: chi sd chat lugng nude WQI; do due d mdt sd sdng chinh; thu nhap binh quan dau ngudi thang;
gia tri san xuat nganh ndng nghiep; gia tii san pham thu dugc/ha dat tidng trgt; gia tri san pham thu dugc/ha dat nudi tidng thiiy san nan t|p trung cai
thien horde, vi day la chi thi rat quan tigng va c6 chi sd khdng dn djnh qua cac nam.
Ket luan
Dya tien cac tidu chi ma hai tac gia cung nhom chuyan gia nghien cuu dugc va da ap dyng phuang phap da tieu chi dl sang Igc, kit qua dua ra dugc ba chu dl, tuang ling d ba ITnh vyc ddng gdp thanh tinh bin vung trong sir dung dat ndng nghiep, nhdm tac gia cd dugc 24 chi thj. Cu thi, gdm 6 chi thi vl mat kmh tl, 5 chi thi vl mat co sd ha tlngva xa hdi, 13 chi thi vl mat tai nguyen va mdi hudng.
Tir bd chi tiii xay dyng dugc, nhdm tic gia ^ ap dung phuong phap phan tich thanh phSn chinh dl phan tich, xii ly va bilu diln sd lieu de danh ^a dugc ba linh vyc kinh te - xa hdi - mdi trudng tham gia ddng gdp vao titih ben viing trong sir dung dat ndng nghiep. Ket qua da nit ra dugc 6 chi thi quan trong va khdng dn dinh tu 2011 din 2015 dl cai tiiien ^t hon.
T^i lifu tham khao
n trudng ddt. nu&c vd khdng Ida 1 Chi Cyc Bao ve Moi trudng, So TNMT Tay Ninh (nhieu nam). Quan trdc cdc thdnh phdr
tren dfa bdn tinh Tdy Ninh.
2. Klir G , UTE H. St. Clair and Bo Yuan (1997). Fuzzy Set Theory Foundations and Applications.
3. Tnrong Cong Phil va Che Dinh Ly (2016) Xay dimgmpt so tieu chi moi tnrcmg trong phuong an quy hoach sit dyng dat (Ten dia ban huyen Ben Cau, tinh Tay Ninh. Tap chi Tdi nguyen vd Moi trudng.
4. UBND huyen Go Dm (2011). Bdo cao QHSDD den ndm 2020, KHSDB 5 ndm ky ddu (2011-2015) huyen Go Dau, linh Tdy Ninh.
5. UBND huyfn Go Dau (2014). Bdo cdo ket qud kiem ke ddt dai ndm 2014 huyen Go Ddu. tinh Tdy Ninh.
Thong tin t^c gia:
1. TriroTig Cong Phu, Th.S
- Eton VI cong tac: Truong Dai hoc Tai nguyen va Moi tiu6ng thanh pho Ho Chi Minh
- Dia chi email: congphu066@gmail.com 2. Che Dinh Ly, PGS. TS
- Don vi cong tac, Vi^n Moi truong va Tai nguyen thanh phi Ho Chi Minh
Ngay nhan bai. l/tO/2017 Ng^y nhan ban sua: 29/12/2017 Ngay duyft dang. 05/1/2018
72 PHAT TRltN B £ N V & N G VUNG QUYEN 8. S6 1 (3/2018)