NGHIEN CUtJ8iU>JG DUNG
BIEIM P H A P IMAIMG C A O H U f N G T H U H O C M O I M V A T L.Y C U A H O C SilMH P H O T H O N G
PGS.TS. Le Van Giao, Truong DHSP- DH Hui ThS. Pham Thi Hoai Thanh, Truong CDSP Qudng Tri
D ay hpc vira li qui trinh nhin thiic viia la qua , triiih tam ly. Do do, cic yeu to tim ly nhu: dpng CO, hiing thil, nhu ciu... c6 inh hudmg thuc su den hieu qui day hpc. Bdri viy nghien ciiu de xuit eae bien phap nham ning cao hiing thii hpc tip cua hpc sinh trong day hpc vit ly dang dupe tihieu ngudi quan tim va la mot trong rihiing bien phip gdp phin ning cao hieu gui day hpc vat ly o trudmg pho thong.
1. Thuc trang hirng thu hoc Vat ly cua hoc sinh pho thong
Ket qui dieu tra, tren 1500 hpc sinh THPT ve miic dp hiing thii doi vdi cic mon hpc ehiing toi da thu ket qui dupe trinh bay trong bing thing ke dudi diy (Bing 1). Kit qui nay da phin anh mot thuc trang li hiing thii hpc tip cua HS doi vdi cie mon hpc li khong cao.
Tir ket qua thu dupe cho
thiy hiing thu hpc tip cua hpc sinh THPT thudmg nghieng ve eae, mon khoa hpc tu nhien, nhit li cie mon Toan va Hda:
Todn 66,5%, Hoa 53,2% vd Vat ly la 49,3%. Trong so HS dupe hdi chi cd hom 200 em
"rit thich" hoc Vit ly chiem 13,8%, tiic li sl HS thue su hiing thii vdi mon vit ly la khong cao. Nguyen nhin qua thuc trang tren thi ed nhieu, trong do co nguyen nhin ve viee day va hpc vit ly. Do do, can nghien ciiu tim tdi phit hien rihiing bien phip khi thi nhim ning eao hiing thii hpc tip cho HS trong qua trinh day hpc vit ly o trudmg phd thdng.
2. Cac bien phap Idch thich hung thii hoc cua hoc sinh
Trong day hpc vit ly de kieh thieh himg thu hpc ciia HS cd the ip dung cac bien phip khie nhau. Sau diy li mot so bien phap cu the:
1) Ldm cho hoc sinh thay duac vai tro cua Vat ly trong
Bdng 1. HirngMOD hge loan VftLy Hoa Sinh Ngoai ngii Van Lich sii Dialy Cong dan Ky thuat Tin hoc The due
thii hoc cdc mon
Rat thieh SL 401 216 291 188 234 186 120 127 79 78 261 284
%
25,7
n,s
18,6 12,0 15,0 11,9 7,7 8,1 5,1 5,0 16,7 18,2Thich SL 638 55^
540 449 415 417 359 328 322 281 475 424
%
40,8 35,5 34,6 28,7 26,6 26,7 23,0 21,0 20,6 18,0 30,4 27,1
hoc ciia HS THPT Binh thirong
SL 422 634 555 727 529 663 781 780 830 838 602 614
%
27,0 40,6 35,5 46,5 33,9 42,4 50,0 55,7 53,1 53,6 38,5 39,3
Khong thich SL 61 111 128 123 262 185 210 171 210 260 138 164
%
3,9 7,1 8,2 7,9 16,8 11,8 13,4 10,9 13,4 16,6 8,8 10,5Chan SL 40 47 48 75 122 111 92 66 121 105 86 76
%
2,6 3,0 3,1 4,8 7,8 14,1 5,9 4,2 7,7 6,7 5,5 4,9ddi song vd ky thudt
Trong giing day GV cin phii lam cho HS thiy dupe su gin giii cua vit ly vdi ddi sing vi 1^ thuit. Nhumg vi du thuc te,, lihung iing dimg cua cac kien thuc ,ma cae em duoc hpc vao ddi song hang ngay, ciing nhu v,io ky thuit se giup cac em thiy dupe y nghia ciia viec hpc Vit ly. Do do, sau mpi tilt hpc GV cin dua ra it nhit mpt vi du thuc te, hoic mot ung dung ky thuit de HS van dung kien thiic da hpc de gia quylt.
Chang han sau khi hpc bai:
Luc Lorenz GV cd the cho hpc sinh xem hinh inh ve hien tupng cue quang vi yeu eiu cac em giai thieh hien tuong do.
2) Tao vd duy tri duffc khong khi Idp hoc
Khongkhi day hpc (KKDH) la mot yeu to tim ly de gia hpc van hinh mot cich eo hieu qui, nd eo anh hudmg true tiep den su phit trien eiia tri tue va tinh cim ciia HS. Trong mot KKDH tran diy niem tin vdi mot tim trang thoii mai, edi mdr HS se tir giac bpc 16 nang lue ci nhin va nhumg hieu biet ciia minh dieu do se lim cho cac em tich cue va hiing thu vdd bii hpc. Do do, tao ra ya duy tri KKDH la thue su can thilt trong qua trinh day hpc.
3) Sit dung cdc phucmg phdp day hoc tich cue
Khi sir "dung eie phuang phip clay hpc tich cue, ,HS se CO nhilu CO hoi hom de tham gia vip qua trinh day hpc. Sau moi lin tu tim ra kien thiic, phit hien dupe nhung van de
Ngi}' nhan bai 20/7/2011: Ngay duyet dang 25/8/2012
1 0 • TAP CHI THIET BI GIAO DUC-so 8 5 - 9 / 2 0 1 2
NGHIEN CU\J8i UMG DUNG
III
Bieu ad. Mice do hung thu hoc cua HS THPT ddi v&i cdc mdn hoc
mdi cic em se phin kho'i, tu tin va do do miic dp hiing thii hpc tip. Cling duoc ning eao hom. D I kieh thich hiing thii hpc tip cua hpc sinh cin ting eudmg sir, dung eac tinh hulng CO ,vin d,e, nhit l i nhirng tinh huong, bit ngdf.
Ching han, khi day bai,ditih luit Becnuili GV cd thi dat V£Ui de: Lieu qui bdng ban cd the chim trong nuoc khong?
Theo kinh nghiem HS eho rang dieu do khong thi. Tilp do GV lam thi nghiem (hinh ve) cho HS thay qui bdng ban cd the chim trong nuoc. Dilu do giy cho HS su ngac nhien, tinh to mo ciia cic em bi kieh thieh v i lim cic em mong muon di tim loi giai. Khi do tinh tich cue, tu giic cua eac em cd CO hoi dupe phat huy.
4) Su dung TN trong day hpc vgt ly
Vit ly hpc, la mon hpc cd moi quan he rit chit che vdi ty nhien, ky thuit va ddi song, do dd sii dung TN trong day hpc vit ly la ,mpt yeu cau c6 tirih nguyen tie. TN vdi,chiic nang la nguon tri thiic, dong thdri la phuomg tien to chiic hoat dpng nhin thiie eua HS. Vi v i y sir dung TN se phat huy tinh tich cue, tu lire ciia HS qua do lam
eho cic em yeu thich mon yit ly hom. Vi viy, ein tao dilu kien eho cac em dupe true tiep lam hoic tham gia lam cic TN vat ly trong gia hpc.
5) Tdng cu&ng su dung cdc phuang tign day hoc
Su phat trien cua khoa hpc ky thuat da mang lai cho eon ngudri ngiy eing rihieu cong cu, phuomg tien trong ddi sing xa hoi, trong dd ed giao due.
Khai thac, sir dung phuomg tien day hpc se gdp phan true quan hoa eac,hien tupng, qua trinh vit ly von rit trim tupng se lam bii hpc tra nen sinh dpng va do do HS se hiing thii hom trong qui trinh hpc tip.
Ching han, khi ndi ve iing dung cua tia hong ngoai, tia tir ngoai ta diing phuong tien true quan vdi eac hinh anh, eie video clip se lim eho HS hung thu hpc tip v i hieu siu sac v i n de hon l i ehi thuyet trinh neu len eae ung dung eua nd trong ddi song v i k^ thuit.
6) To chuc tham quan, ngogi khoa, cau lgc bg vgt ly vui
Qua eac hoat dpng niy se lim cho ly thuyet va thuc tien xich lai gin nhau hon, lim cho HS thiy, dupe su gin giii ciia vit ly doi vdi ky thuit va ddi
song, thiy dupe eac kiln thuc vat ly ma eic em thu nhan cd the van ,dung d l giii quylt nhung vin de eiia thuc tien va ddi sdng. Qua do lam cie em yeu thich vit ly hom.
Ket luan: Himg thii cd m l i quan he rit chit ehe vdi nhu ciu va dpng co. Vi vay, viee kieh thich himg thii hpc tap eua HS se lam xuit hien nhu cau v i hinh tharih dpng co hpc tip, eho HS. Dieu do se gdp phin ning eao hieu qua viec day va hpc Vit ly it trudmg pho thong.
Tai lieu tham khao [1]. A.G.' Covaliop. Tdm ly hoc cd nhdn, tdp 1. NXB Giao due. (1971).
[2]. Marozova. Noi chuyen voi giao vien ve hiing thii nhan thiic. NXB Giao due. (1982).
[3]. GI. Sukina. Vdn de himg thu trong khoa hoc gido due.
Truomg DHSP, Ha noi. (1971).
[4]. Pham Hiru Tong Day hoc Vat ly & tru&ng pho thong theo dinh hu&ng phdt trien hoat dong hoc tich cue, tu chu, sdng tao vd tu duy khoa hoc. NXB Dai hoc Su pham. (2004).
Summary
Teaching and learning process is not only a cognitive process but also a psychological one. Therefore, psychological factors such as:
motivation, interest, demand,... have a direct impact on the effectiveness of teaching amd learning. Thus, the researches on the measures to enhance students' interest in teaching and learning physics are attracting Ihe attention of many people and are one of the effective ways to improve the effectiveness of teaching and learning physics in highsch(X)ls. In this article, we are proposing some specific measures that we fiave studied in order to enhance highsch(X)l students' interest in physics.
TAP CHI THIET BI GIAO DUC-SO 85-9/2012 • 1 1
