GlAODUC I
Day kem d Phan Lan
• Nguyen Khanh Trung
Day kem d Viet Nam gan nhiT dong nghia vdi viec day them hoc them. Nhirng viec day kem CO tieu cue nhu nd van bi cong luan phe phan khong? Vdi rieng toi, day kem c6 tieu cUc hay khdng la do each to chUc, chuT viec kem mot ca nhan hay mot nhom hoc sinh nho, de cac em tien bo thi khong the nao xau ve mat phUdng phap. De chUng minh dieu nay, toi xin ke chuyen day kem d Phan Lan, tUdd trd lai binh luan va so sanh vdi viec day kem d Viet Nam.
BAMQCDdDAYKEM
Trong chuyen nghien eiru thuc dia thugc mgt du an do Vien Nghien ciiu phat trien giao due IRED td chirc, tdi cd dip quan sat true tiep each thirc ngudi Phan Lan giang day. Trong Chuong trinh Cdi loi Qudc gia ve Giao due Co ban, Hgi ddng Giao due Qudc gia thudc Bd Giao due nudc nay danh mdt phan ldn ndi ve each thiic giang day, cich thtic phdi hgp giua cac lac nhan nhu giao vien, hoc sinh, phu huynh, chinh quyen, to chirc an sinh xa hgi.. de giiip hpc sinh phat trien tdi da ve tri tue, dao dire va the chat.
Hg chii truong vira chung vua rieng: chung la ve chii truong, muc tieu giao dye qudc gia, chuong trinh giang day cot ldi; rieng la trong each thuc hien, tnen khai lam sao de den nhiing muc tieu chung do, neng khdng nhiing vdi timg viing, tii'ng trudng, tii'ng Idp hgc ma cdn vdi tirng ca nhan hgc sinh.
Giao vien phd thdng Phin Lan co nhiem vu nghien cuu timg tnrdng hgp hpc sinh trong lop, tir do, phdi hop vdi hpc sinh va phu huynh de len ke hoach hpc tap cho
S6l9.NGAY05 10.2012
timg ca nhan. Ndi each khac la len ke hoach "kem"
cho tii'ng hpc sinh tuy theo nhu cau, the trang va nang khieu hay van de ciia moi em
Ke hoach "dgy kem" cd ba miic: neu hoc sinh khde manh, minh min thi ke hoach la phit trien tdi da nhirng td chat sin cd, cac em se dupc kem rieng hoac theo tirng nhdm nho cd chung dac diem; neu hpc sinh trung binh, thi kd hoach la
"tang cudng", giiip cac em hpc gidi len, manh khde va phat trien mgi mat hon niia; ndu hgc sinh cd vin de ve Iam ly hoac the chat, thi kd hogch la
"hd trp dac biet", cd sy phdi hgp vdi cac chuyen gia, dich vu an sinh xa hdi, y te, cac cau lac bd tai dia phuang de thuc hien ke hoach sao cho hpc sinh cam thay hanh phuc nhat va phit trien mpi mat tdt nhat. Va dii la ke hoach nao thi hoc sinh ciing phai dugc dat lam trung tam, duoc chii dgng trong viec phac thao va thuc hien ke hoach, chir khdng phai theo ap dat ciia ngudi ldn.
Trong ngdi trudng chiing toi quan sat, lop hoc www.tiasang com vn TJaSarig 3 3
GlAO DUG
ddng nhit li 15 hpc sinh, cd Idp chi 7 hpc sinh, cich giang dgy cua cac giio vicn li giao \'i(;c cho hgc sinh ty lim' (ty lim bii tgp mpt minh hay theo nhdm, ly chim didm cho minh ho$c cho nhau. ly Id chirc thuyet trinh. ly dpc chinh ta cho nhau \ici. tyddng kich. v.v.
UVp hpc khdng miy khi tgt ty nhu a Vi$l Nam). Quan sil nhieu Idp hpc. ldi thiy thiiy cd giang bii chung cho ca Idp idi dil 15 phiit trong moi gid dgy 45 phut, sau dd
"kciii" ricng ho§c timg nhdm nhd hpc sinh neu nhu cic cm CO khiic mac tiong qui tiinh ly hoc Nhu \iy, vi?c dgy chinh quy t^i UVp di tya nhu dgy kem iin,
Nhiing hgc sinh gip khd khin trong licp llui bii sc dupc giiio \icn sd ldn kc hogch kem ricng sau budi dgy- Mpc niy do chinh giio vien. ho^c tiic chuyen gia
"giio dycd^c bipl" thyc hipn. (n.m vien giiio dye d$c bitjl chuyen kcni nhimg hpc sinh yeu. mdi tuin hai gm.
vi lap hpc khdng qua bdn hpc sinh.
Ci ngdi trudng chiing ldi ddn cdn cd bdn phy giio, cic phu giio cung dirng lap \di giio vien chinh ndu Irong UVp cd mgt hoic mpi su hpc sinh cu \iiii de \'c tim ly hii\ the chit. Hiy hinh dung, mgt Idp hpc khoang 14 hgc sinh, nhung cd den hai. thim chi ba giao vicn ciing day, thi dd qua li vice tliiv kem. chu khdng phai kieu giang dgy ddng loat.
MOT VAl BlNH L U A N SO S A N H
Nhin trudc nhin sau. Idi thiy vide dgy kcni o \ici Nam va Phan Lan chi gidng nhau vc mil hinh thirc. dd la ngudi day kem limg nhdm nhd, hoac limg ci nhin.
Nhirng gi cdn lai ddu khac biet.
Vice day kem d xii la li Iy phat. xay ra ben ngoii trudng hgc, ngoii gid ddn Irudng cua hgc sinh, ngoai ke hoach va su kiem soat ciia Nhi nudc; Irong khi vide day kem d Phan Lan la clui truong chung quoc gia.
duoc cac van ban chinh thiic quy djnh, dirge Ihyc hien
bdn trong trudng hpc, thudng li trong gid hpc chinh ihirc^ bdi giio viSn hay cic trpi giang. Nhu vgy, cac k^ hogch dgy kdm li mpt phin cua chuang trinh giiio dye quoc gia, mpt nhi^m vy ciia giio vien.
Vipc d^y kdm d Vi^t Nam li nguydn nhan cua sy bit binh ding xi hgi. Bdi IS, con nhi "cd dieu ki$n" mdi dupc k^m; cdn con nhi nghdo, cha m?
khdng du di^u kipn thue gia su thi phai chju thua iliiC'i trong hgc Igp. su ihua thi?t niy s5 dan den sy thua thivi trong ddi sdng xil h$i ve sau. Hpc hinh thay vl la phuang ti^n igo ca hpi cdng bang cho tre nhd thugc mpi thinh phin xi hgi, lgi Ird thinh phuang tipn lim gia ting sy bat binh dang x.i hgi, Ngirpc lgi, vi^c dgy kdm a Phan Lan dugc quan ni^m nhu mpt phuang ticn igo ra cdng bang co hdi giira lat ca cic hpc sinh. qua dd tgo cdng bang xa
hgi vc sau. vi vi^c dgy kdm ludn mien phi vi nhicu hay it. cho ca nhan hay theo nhdm, la hiy vio nhu cau ciia hpc sinh chu khdng phai tuy vio lui lidn. dja vi hay mgng ludi quan h? ctia phy huynh.
Mpt sy khic bipt can bin trong giao dye ndi chung Vii \idc dgy kem ndi rieng nda la, Phan Lan thyc hipn lit c i nhimg \ lec lim dd vi hanh phiic. vi sy phit incn mpi mat cua tre nhd. ke hogch thyc hipn du<?c xiy dyng dya tren kinh nghipm, nhu cau rieng cuii hpc sinh thdng qua nhimg Irao ddi cpng tie, trong dd hpc smh la trung tain Cdn tiii \'K\ Nam, mgi sy dupc thyc hi?n thudng ti Ihco nhu ciu cua ngudi Idn, dupc ip dat tir ngudi ldn \ a ngudi Idn ludn li trung tam. la tic gtii cua Ciic kc hoach. a
' M()t \ I dy ve gi6i loan, hgc ve so ihjjp phan Idp 6. sau khi giao vicn L!i,)i hyc sinh Icn btiiiy cho vi dg va mpt so hpc sinh khac xung phong cho Jap sd (co sai co diing), giao vien viet len bang cong Ihtrc va giai thich y nghia timg con so trong so Ihap phan. (\"i sir dyng ngay chinh cac v i d^ ciia hpc sinh lam innjc il(i lie minh hga va giai thich tai sao lai diing hoac sai, trang khoang 10 phiil. Roi co phat cho moi hoc sinh mot mau giay trcn lid 111 sin bai i^ip dc cac cm ly l;im - em nao lam xong®
ty di ddi chieu voi dap an co de 6 gdc lop hpc: em nao lam sai thi ly nghien eiru l^i cong thirc va ly thuyet de tim nguyen nhan, ho^c thao lugn \'di cac ban khac; neu van chua hieu hay khiic mac gi Ihi moi den gap co giao Lop hpc nhgn nhip on ao, lym ba tym bay, nhung tat ca dang lam viec iheo each cua minh mgi each ihoai mai nhat,
- 6 bac giao dye co ban. khoi lircmg bai tap.- cong \iee cua hoc smh dirpc dieu ehinh sao cho thoi gian de eae em nghi ngai, sang tgo vii vui chai phai nhieu hon ihoi gian ngoi tren ghe nha trucmg, di lai tir n!ia den Inicmg va lam bai tap ve nha" - Lual Giao dye Phan Lan (phan 24 - dieu 1).
34 TiqSdng www.tiasang com.vi Sd 19, N G A Y 05.102012