NGHIEN CUU
Day manh xay dimg nong thon moi tinh Thai Nguyen trong dieu kien moi
Dim Thi H ^ LimgThiVan
Trucmg Dai hgc Kinh l^ va ()TKD, Dai hoc Thai Nguyen
Chuong trinh xay dyng ndng thdn mdi la mdt trong nhtrng nhi|m vy tipng tam trong phit triln kinh te - xa hpi tren e i nude. Tinh Thii Nguyen bit diu triln khai Chuong trinh niy tir nam 2011. Den nay, Chuong trinh da dat duge nhilu thinh tieh ding kd, tuy nhidn, bdn cgnh dd, vin cdn tdn tgi mdt sd han ehe nhit dinh. Trong diiu kien hdi nhap kinh l l qudc t l va anh hudng cua cupc eich mang cdng nghiep lin thii tu hidn nay, viec diy manh xiy dung ndng thdn mdi ii nhiem vy quan trong, ein thye hien dong bg mdt sd giii phip vdi sy phdi kit hgp cfla cie ban nganh, doan the vi loin the ngudi dan.
1. Chuenp trinh nong thon mui d Thai Nguyen va nhung Icet qua dat ffuvc
Thai Nguydn la tinh thupc vung tiung du miln nfli phia Bic, liln k l phia Bie thu dd Hi Ndi, cd tdng didn tieh tu nhien 3.541 km2, dan sd' khoang 1,2 tridu ngudi, trong dd trdn 70% dan so sdng d khu vuc ndng thdn;
cd 9 don vi hinh chinh gom 6 huyen, 02 thinh phd vi 01 thi xa; 180 xa, phudng, thi trin.
Nam 2011, tinh Thai Nguydn bit diu tiiln khai thyc hidn Chucmg trinh mue tieu qudc gia xiy dyng ndng thdn mdi, vdi phong trio thi dua "Thii Nguydn ehung sfl'c xiy dyng ndng thdn mdi". Ke ttr khi thuc hidn xay dung ndng thdn mdi din nay, Thii Nguydn da dat dugc nhidu thanh Ueh ding kl, ddi song cfla nhin dan dugc nang cao, bp mat ndng thdn chuyin biln theo hudng tieh eye.
Trong giai dogn 2016 — 2018, sd xa dugc cdng nhin dat chuin ndng thdn mdi cfla tinh Thii Nguyen li 68/143 xa (bao gdm 04 xa da ldn phudng, thi trin) dat 47,6%. Theo Quyet dinh sd 1980/QD-TTg ngiy 17/10/2016 cua Thfl tudng Chinh phu vl vide ban hinh Bd tieu chi qud'c gia vl xa nong thdn mdi giai dogn 2016 — 2020, ed 19 tidu ehi ndng thdn mdi. Giai doan 2016 — 2018, tinh Thii Nguydn dat sd tieu chi binh quan/xa li 15,27 Udu chi/xa. Sd xa dudi 10 tidu chi l i 03 xa.
Ddn nam 2018, tinh Thai Nguyen ed 2 don vl cip huydn duge Thfl tudng Chinh phfl quylt dinh cdng nhan hoan thanh nhidm vy xay dyng ndng thdn mdi l i thinh phd Thii Nguyen vi thinh phd Sdng Cdng. Hien nay, cac xa frdn dia ban 2 thinh phd niy tiep tuc ning cao chit luong tidu ehi ndng thdn mdi.
Mac du Bd tieu ehi qudc gia ve xa ndng thdn mdi giai dogn 2016 — 2020 yeu eiu cao hon tieu chi giai
^ O K I N H T £ C H & U A - T H A I S I N H • L I U N C ( T H A N B 5 / Z D I S I
dogn 2011 — 2015 (49 ehi tidu so vdi 39 ehi tidu); eic xa cd xuat phit dilm thip hon giai dogn 2011 — 2015, nhung vdi nhiing nd lue va quylt tim eua chinh quyin cung nhan dan dia phuong trong tinh, Chuong tiinh xiy dyng ndng thdn mdi cfla tinh Thii Nguydn di d^t duge nhilu thanh tieh ding k l . Sd xa dat ehuan nong thdn mdi vuot myc tidu d l ra (3 xa), cie x i diu tang tieu chi, ey thd nhu sau:
- VI ha tang kinh t l xa hgi: Hd thdng eo sd hg tang duge diu lu xiy dyng khi dong bd (giao thdng, thiiy loi, tnrdng hge, tram y tl, tmng tam van hda lhl tiiao xa, xdm, dilm thu gom rac...) co bin da d i p iing nhu eiu vl xa hdi, sin xuit, d i n sinh va ddi sdng Unh thin cho ngudi dan.
- VI kinh Id va td chirc sin xuat: Nhilu hgp tic xa duge eflng ed thanh lip theo Luit Hgp tie xa nam 2012, hieu qua hoat ddng dugc ning len. Cie xa da co cie md hinh lidn kit sin xuit ed hi|u qui kinh t l cao, hinh thinh sin phim chfl lye cua dia phuang. Thu nhap binh quin d i u ngudi tang kha eao, ty Id hO ngheo giim nhanh.
- VI van hda, xa hdi, mdi tnrdng: Cie phong trao van hda, van nghe, thd due, thd thao dugc ling eudng, ty le hp gia dinh, xdm dat tidu ehi vin hda ngiy eing ting. Mdi trudng ndng thdn duge cii thidn ding kl, eic eo sd ehan nudi, kinh doanh d i u cd cam kit bao ve mdi trudng, vd sinh an loan thue phim.
- VI he thdng chinh til, an ninh qudc phdng: Huy dgng duoe c i hd thdng chinh tri chung sue xay dyng ndng thon mdi. Nhgn thuc eila cin bd, ding vien dugc nang len rd rdt. Dpi ngu can bd duge tip huin, dao tao din d i p iing nhu eiu phit triln kinli td xa hgi trong thai ky mdi, an ninh qudc phdng dugc giii viing. Xay dyng ndng thdn mdi d tinh Thii Nguyenda gdp phin
nang cao ddi sdng vit ehit va tinh thin cfla ngudi d i n ndng thdn, duge eie nginh, eie e i p xac djnh li nhiem vy cfla chinh nganh minh, cap minh d l ehi dgo.
- Vl nhan thuc eua ngudi dan: Nhan thiic cfla phin Idn ein bg vi ngudi dan vl xay dung ndng thdn mdi da cd chuyin biln rd ret. Xay dyng ndng Ihdn mdi d i trd thanh phong trio rdng khip. Dan ehu co sd dugc ning cao hon, y thiie v i trich nhiem Iam chfl cfla ngudi dan timg budc duge ning len rd ret.
2. Mot SO van de con ton tai
- Mac du dgt duge kit qui kha toan didn nhung tiln do thyc hien chuong trinh vin cdn cham, mot sd chi tidu ehua dat so vdi mye tidu eua UBND linh; mdt sd tidu ehi da dgt ehuin nhung ehua bin vung, nhit li mgt sd ha tang thilt ydu nhu giao thdng, ea sd vit ehit van hda...
- Sin xuat d i ed ehuyin biln nhung vin cdn manh mun, nhd 11; c i e md hinh phit triln sin xuat theo hudng hing hda con han chi, ehua ed nhilu td ehiie sin xuit hidu qui, img dung khoa hpc cdng nghe vao sin xuat cdn ban che, ehua tao ra nSng suit, chit lugng cao; sin pham thilu sue canh tranh frdn thi trudng.
- Ngudn nhin luc phue vy Chuong trinh xiy dyng ndng thdn mdi edn thidu vi ylu; mdt sd dia phuong cdn Uiy dgng trong chi dao, dieu hinh Chuang trinh.
- Mdi tnrdng ndng thdn chua dugc cai thidn nhieu, dang li van d l buc xuc hidn nay, inh hudng true tilp den siie Idide efla ngudi din eung nhu mye tidu phit triln ndn ndng nghidp sach.
- Cie xa d i tip tmng phat tnen kit ciu ha tang, nhit la lam dudng giao thdng ndng thdn; Ihfly Ipi, xay dung, ning c i p trudng hge, ehg, nhi van hda vi khu thi thao xa, xdm... nhung cie ngi dung vl phit triln sin xuit, ning thu nhip, xay dyng ddi sd'ng van hda, nang eao y thiic b i o vd mdi trudng ehua duge quan tim dung mue ndn ehua tgo dugc budc dot phi vi ehuyin bidn rd net.
- Nip sd'ng van minh, van hda mdi trong nong thdn ehuyin biln edn ehim; ndi dung, hinh thiic to ehue eie hoat ddng van hda, the thao d khu vyc ndng thdn cdn don didu.
- Cdng tie dio Igo nghe eho lao dgng ndng thdn cdn han che, ehit lugng dao tgo mgt sd nghi dat thip, khdng d i p ting dugc yeu ciu phit triln sin xuit ndng nghilp hing hda, iing dung cdng nghd eao; ehua ed sy gin ket ehat che giua d i o tao vi giii quyet viee Iam.
- Mdt sd dia phuang edn Iflng tflng trong viec van dyng CO ehd, chinh sieh; huy ddng cac ngudn Iyc cdn ban che, viec thu hiit doanh nghiep diu tu vio ndng nghiep, ndng thdn cdn khd khin. Vdn diu tu thuc hien Chucmg Irinh chua tirong ximg vdi mue lieu, nhiem vy d i r a .
- Cupe eieh mgng edng nghidp 4.0 dat ra nhilu ydu eiu ddi mdi e i p thidt, tuy nhien dgi bp phan ngudi din chug nhin thue duoe het tam quan trpng va chua d i p flng ting duge nhtrng ydu eiu efla cude each mgng so.
3. Nguyen nhan cua nhung han che
Nhtrng vin d l con ton tai trong chuong trinh xiy dung ndng thdn mdi cfla linh Thii Nguyen la do nhirng nguydn nhan sau:
- Xuat phat dilm eua da so eie xa cdn thip, dac biet l i mue do dat lieu chi vl kit ciu ha tang nhu giao thdng, trudng hpc, ca sd vat chit van hda,... cdn thap.
Trong khi dd ngudn luc hd trg eua Tmng uong cdn thap, chua d i p irng yeu ciu theo k l hogeh duge duyet, lai thudng xuydn thay ddi, vi du nhu tii ehd Nha nude hd trg 100% dd'i vdi 7 hang myc, giim xudng chi cdn 3 hang mue.
- Ndi dung mdt sd lieu chi, cie co c h i chinh sich cfla Tmng uong d eie nam diu efla Chuong trinh edn chua phfl hgp, chua kip thdi dan ddn cdng tie hudng din, td ehiie thue hidn gap rit nhilu kho khan.
- Phgm vi triln khai ehuong trinh ndng thdn mdi rdng d lit e i cie xa, tuy nhidn do ngudn lye hgn ehd nen phin hd trg efla ngan sach Tmng uong, ngan sich dia phuong phii tap tmng eho eie xa didm, xa dang ky dat ehuin. Nguon lyc ho trg cho cie xa cdn Igi rat thap, ehua d i p flng ydu eiu theo kd hoaeh dugc duyet.
- Nhan thuc cua mdt sd bg phin cin bd, ding vidn edn hgn ehi, ehua ddng vai trd ndng cdt thyc hien Chirong trinh; mgt so cap fly ding, ehinh quyin v i doin thi eo sd ehua lim lot cdng tic quin tridt, tuydn tmyln gin vdi van dpng quin ehflng. Cdng tic chi dao tuy da sau sit, nhung chua luong hdt cie khd khin ndn ehua de ra duge e i c giai phap phu hgp d l tgo budc dot phi.
- Xuit phit diem ndng thdn cfla linh con thip; ehiu sy tic dpng bat Igi ttr cude khflng hoing tii chinh va suy thoii kinh t l thi gidi; thien tai, dieh bdnh xiy ra d i inh hudng Idn den phit triln kinh te xa hdi vi ddi sdng nhan dan.
- Mdt sd eip fly, ehinh quyin chua xac dinh rd liem nang, lgi thd, khd khan efla dia phuong; danh gii thyc tiang ndng thon chua sat vdi thue ll, viec ra soit, dieu chinh, bd sung quy hoach, d l an ehua dugc quan tim kip thdi.
- Tie ddng efla eude eich mang edng nghiep Ian thtr tu anh hudng den eie mat trong ddi sd'ng kinh td
• xa hdi, dai bp phan can bd, ngudi dan ehua d i p ting dugc nhtrng ydu cau mdi m i each mang sd dat ra.
4. Giai phap day manh xay dung nong thon mdi u tinh Thai Nguyen trong bdi canh mdi
Chuong trinh ndng thdn mdi hidn nay dang diln ra
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NGHliNCQU
trong bdi cin hdi nhip kinh t l qudc td vi inh hudng cfla cupc cich mgng cdng nghiep 4.0. Bdi eanh mdi mang Igi eho ea nudc ndi ehung vi tinh Thii Nguyen ndi rieng nhilu co hpi vi tiiach thire frong edng eudc xiy dyng ndng Uidn mdi vi phat triln kinh tl. Dl diy manh xiy dyng ndng thdn mdi d tinh Thii Nguyen frong bdi cinh mdi, ein thuc hidn dong bd eic giii phip sau day:
- Thu nhit, ddi vdi nhiing x i d i dat ehuan ndng thdn mdi can tilp lue nang eao chil lugng eic tieu chi ndng thdn mdi, trong dd tip tiung thuc hien eic ndi dung nhu: Td chuc sin xuat, tai co ciu ndng nghilp, phit triln nginh nghi, nang lye sin xuit, ning cao thu nhip, xda ddi giim ngheo, xay dyng ddi sdng van hda, xiy dyng mdi trudng sdng xanh sach d?p, dim bao trit tu an toin xa hdi. Nang eao ddi sdng e i vl vit ehit lin tinh thin cho ngudi din, hudng ldi xiy dyng md hinh ndng thdn mdi phit triln ben vting.
- Thir hai, dd'i vdi cie x i ehua dgt chuin ndng thdn mdi cin tap tmng tuydn tmyln van ddng, nang cao nhan thuc, y thiic, trich nhidm eho can bp. Ding vidn vi ngucri din tham gia vio cdng cude xiy dyng ndng thdn mdi. Cin xay dung k l hogch, lg trinh vi can dd'i, bd tri ngudn lyc ho frp thye hidn eie tieu chi cin dgt chuin, tip tmng ehi dgo xiy dung cie md hinh phit tiiln kinh tl, xiy dung thdn xdm kilu miu...
- Thii ba, tilp tye diy mgnh cdng tic luydn tmyln, vin ddng ning cao nhin thiie eho can bp, ngudi dan bang nhilu hinh thuc phfl hop vdi hing dd'i tupng dd ning eao tinh ty giie, chfl ddng, sang tao trong qui trinh td ehue thyc hien.
- Thii tu, nang cao chit Iugng cie linh vuc giio dye vi dio tgo, y td; xiy dyng, eflng eo eie phong trio van nghe, thi dye lhl thao; xiy dyng nip sdng van minh, phit huy eie tmyln thdng van hda tdt dep, tinh lang nghia xdm, id chire nhin dan tham gia b i o dim an ninh trit ty, bai trir te nan x i hdi, b i o vd mdi trudng, xiy dyng xdm, lang xanh, sach dep.
- Thu nam, khuyen khich phit triln eie hgp tie xa, td hpp tic, cie doanh nghidp d ndng thdn theo md hinh sin xuit - ehd biln - lieu thu ndng sin giira ndng dan - hgp tac xa (td hop tac) - nha khoa hgc - doanh nghiep - Nha nude. Hudng din dang ky vi bio hd nhan hieu d l gia tang gii tn sin pham.
- Thii sau, tilp tue hoan thien he thdng ca chd ehinh sich thye hidn Chuong trinh, dac bidt li eo e h i hd tro dd'i vdi cie vung khd khan, vflng sau, vung xa;
hd trg phit triln sin xuat hang hda quy md ldn, flng dyng khoa hpe edng nghd eao, tgo sy lidn kit gifla ndng din vdi ndng dan va ndng dan vdi hgp tie xa, doanh nghi|p sin xuit theo chudi, phan phdi Igi ieh hgp ly giua eae tic nhin trong chudi sin xuat. Xay dung xuit su, nhan hieu hing hda de ning cao gii tn sin pham, thu nhap eho ngudi dan. Ap dyng rdng rai ca c h i Nhi nudc ho trg vat tu v i mdt phin kinh phi d l
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din hr xiy dyng mpt sd edng trinh hg ting ndng thdn (dudng giao thdng, kenh muong ndi dong,...).
- Thu biy, cin ting eudng edng tie kilm fra, giim sit, kip thai phat hidn, thao gd nhiing khd khin vudng mic, xtr ly sai pham frong q u i trinh tridn khai Uiyc hidn ehuong trinh ndng thdn mdi.
- Thii tam, huy ddng vi su dyng cd hidu qui eic nguon lyc vao khu vyc ndng nghiep, ndng thdn; Uiuc hien tdt viee cdng khai d i n ehfl, phit huy vai frd chii thi cfla ngudi din (trong quylt dinh lya ehpn danh myc diu tu, lap dy loan, quylt dinh mue ddng gdp, to ehue thi cdng,...). Tang cudng, nang cao hieu qui giim sat edng dong, dac biet l i giim sit trong diu lu xiy dung ha ting ndng thdn.
5. Ket luan
Trong no luc xiy dung ndng thdn moi efla c i nudc, vdi quylt tam ehinh tri eao, tinh Thii Nguydn xic dinh xiy dyng ndng thdn mdi la nhidm vy trpng tam; bang nd Iyc, phan diu, dieu hinh quyet liet v i nang dpng cfla Ding bd, ehinh quyin v i sy hudng flng nhidt tinh cfla nhan din tren dia ban tinh; Chuong tiinh xay dirng ndng thdn mdi cua tinh da dgt dugc nhilu kit qui tich eye tren til e i eie linh vuc. Tuy nhidn, bdn cgnh nhtrng kdt qui da dat dugc, vin edn tdn tgi mgt sd han c h i nhat dinh. Dae bidt trong bdi eanh mdi hidn nay, d l day mgnh xay dyng ndng thdn mdi, ein ed nhung ddi mdi nhit dinh, nhit i i vide ung dyng khoa hpc cdng nghd d l dip flng ydu cau cfla eudc cich mgng edng nghiep 4.0 vi hdi nhip kinh t l qude tl./.
Tai iieu tham i(hao
Bd ndng nghidp vi Phat triln ndng thdn, Thdng tu s6 4I/20I3/TT-BNNPTNT ngay 04/10/2013 huang dan thye hien Bd tidu ehi Quoc gia vl ndng thdn mdi.
Thfl tudng Chinh phfl, Quylt dinh sd 800/QD-Trg, ngay 4 thing 6 nam 2010, phd duyet Chirong trinh mue tieu Qude gia vl xiy dung ndng thdn mdi giai doan 2010-2020.
UBND tinh Thii Nguyen (2018), Bio eiovl so kit 03 nam (2016 — 2018) tiiue hien Chuang tiinh mue tidu qudc gia xay dyng ndng thdn mdi; phuong hudng va giii phip thuc hidn giai dogn 2019 — 2020.
Nguyin Thi Chiu, Nguydn Thj Loan (2017), Thyc trang vi giai phap xay dung ndng thdn mdi tgi Thii Nguydn, Tap chi Tii chinh.