/(-I
DAY MANH HOAT DONG DOI NGOAI QUOC PHONG, G^V P H A N BAO V£ CHt OUY^N lANH THd CtA T 6 0 U 6 C
Thupng tudng NGUYis CHf VINH Oy viin BCHTUOang, Thdtrudng Bp Qudc phdng
Nhitng nam qua, ciing v6fl ho^t d^ng a6i ngo^l ndi chung, a6i ngo?t qu6c phdng dS t$p trung glil quyit cdic van d l vk biSn gm, ISnh th6, ranh gt&l bl4n vd thim lyc dia viri c6c nu&c lien quan, gdp phin quan trgng vdo su nghi$p xiy d^ng va bio v$ To quic. Tuy nhi§n, tnr&c nhitng diin bUn phdv t^p &
khu Vf^c vd thi gl64, dii ngo?! quoc phdng dn tfch c^o, chu d^ng triin khai cdc bl^n phdp trdn ctr sa lu$t phdp quic ti vd quy tic irng xu- eda khu v^c.
C
HU quyin lanh thd 1^ quyin Iam chu mdt eich dpe lip, toan ven vk ddy du ve mpi mat l§p phap, hiirtii phap va tu ph^p eua mdt qude gia ttong pbJim vi lartii thd eiia qu6c gia do. Chu quyin lanh thd mang gia tri tbiSng lidng, bat kha xSm pham; tdn tai trong tilm thiic moi ngudi, ttong nhilu thi he va la nhan td vat chat binh thanh, phdt trien Idng y6u nude, tinh than dpc lap, ti; chu cua mdi dan tpe. Vi the, nhGng van de lien quan din chii quyin lanh did giua cdc nude, nhdt 1^ ede vdn dl v l ttanh chap bi6n gidi dSt Uen vk ranh gidi bien diu het sue nb^y cam, phue tap va viec giai quyet nd ciing gap nhieu khd khan.Nude ta cd dudng bien gidi dai, tiep giap vdi nhieu nude, bao gdm bien gidi tren ddt bin, tren bien v^ tten khdng. Mdi tuyIn bien gidi cd tinb phdp ly rieng, cd each xde djnh khde nhau, do dd ydu eau ve quan I^, bao vp eung cd nhung npi dung khde nhau. Chi tmh riSng tuyen bidn gidi ddt liln v^ tten biln nuac ta c6 chilu dai khoang 7.927 km', di qua nhilu dia biln, dn ngu nhilu cua khau, hai eang giao thuong qudc te ndn cd vi tri ehien luge vl kinh tl, qu6e phong - an ninh (QP-AN) v^ ddi ngo^, IS dja bSn phtifc tap vd nhay cam ttong
quan hS qudc te. Chfnh vi viy, bdo ve sv dn dinh lau dai ehu quyin lanh thd eiia Td quoc ndi ehung, khu vuc biSn gidi qudc gia ndi rieng, Id nhiem vu can ban, ttpng yeu, thudng xuydn eiia toan Dang, toan ddn, todn quan;
ttong do, ddi ngoai qudc phdng (DNQP) - mpt bp phan hpp thdnh ddi ngoai Dang va ngoai giao Nbd nude - giu vai ttd het siic quan ttpng.
Dac biet, ttong bdi cardi nude ta hpi nhap ngdy cang sau ban, toan dien hon vdi khu vyc vd thi gidi, ede y6u td tac dOng den quan Ij?, bdo v§
chu quyen lanh thd cung da dang vd phire t^p hon thi DNQP eang ed y nghia quan ttpng, nham vira bao ve virng chdc dpc lap, ehu quyin, thdng nhdt, todn ven lanh thd eda Td qudc, vua gop phan kien tao mdi tmdng hda binh dl phdt triln dat nude.
Nbung nam qua, cilng vdi cdng tac doi ngoai Dang, ngoai giao Nha nude, ngoai giao nhan dan, edng tde DNQP da triln khai ede boat dpng tten nhilu linh vuc, vdi nhieu doi tdc, mang tinh dot phd va dat dupe ket qua quan ttpng. Chi tmh giai doan 2011 - 2013, 1 - CJ Vift Nam, trung binh cit 40 km^ dit lien thi c6 01 km bien gioi.
UP CHt QU6C PHONG TOAN DAN S6 1012014 1
chiing ta da k^ 50 van ban hpp tac vdi 26 nude va td ehiie qude tl. Din nay, da md 34 ca quan Tiiy vien Quoc phong tai eae nude vd da ed 45 qudc gia d$t ca quan nay tai Viet Nam. Co che ddi thoai chiln luge, ddi thoai ehinh sdch qudc pbong dupe phdt buy manh me, dem lai bipu qua ro ret ttong viec xay dyng long tin vdi ede nude ddi tdc.
Dilm nhdn ciia DNQP la, chung ta da tdp trung ddy manh quan h? hpp tae voi cdc nude Idng gilng c6 chung dudng bien gidi vd vdi ede nuac ttong khu v^c, gop phan quan ttpng vdo nhiem vu bao vp vung chac ehii quyen, todn ven lanh tho qudc gia. Trong dd, v/pc hodn thiin khudn kho phdp ly quoc ti vi biin giai; ma rpng giao luu, hpp tdc vai cdc luc iugng bdo vi biin giai cdc nude lang gieng, nhdm xdy dung duong biin giai on dfnh, hda binh, hihi nghi, cdng phdt trien dupe ddy m ^ h va dat hiSu qud thilt thuc. Ciing vdi doi ngo?ii Ddng, ngoai giao Nha nude, ngoai giao nhdn dan, DNQP da ehii dpng dau tranh, dam phdn, ky ket rtiiilu hipp djnh, hipp udc vdi cdc nude lang gieng, tao khudn khd phdp ly qudc tl vl bien gidi, lanh thd. Ddi vdi Trung Qude, chiing ta da hoan thanh ca bdn phan dinh, cam moc dudng bien gidi thi;c dia tten ddt lien, tren Vjnh Bdc Bp cimg cac van ban phdp IJ sau ph§n gidi, cdm moc. Dac biet, thdng 3-2014, Bp Qude phdng hai nuac da td ehiic thdnh edng "Giao luu Qudc phong Bien gidi" lan dau tien; qua dd, thilt lap ca che hgp tde mdi, t^o dot phd ttong quan he qude phong Viet Nam - Trung Qudc.
Ddi vai Ldo, DNQP da xue tien hgp tde xdy dung mdt sd edng trinh quoe phdng va cum ban hau phuang ehiln lupc tai nhung dja bdn ttpng di8m v6 QP-AN; xay dimg, ciing eo cbinb quyin eo sd, cym ban biSn gidi phdt trien tbeo budng: gan phdt trien kinh tl - xd hpi (KT-XH) vdi tang cudng QP-AN, gdp pban dn dinh tinb hinh d mgt sd khu vyc phiic tap, tao ehuyen bi6n tich cue ve nang eao ddi sdng vat chdt vd tmh thdn cua nhan ddn viing bidn gidi, v.v, D8n nay, viec tdn tao, tang ddy
mdc qudc gidi giGa bai nuac da hoan thdnh theo dung kl ho^eb d l ra, tao ca sd vung chdc dl xay dung tuyen bi§n gidi Vipt Nam - Ldo boa binh, dn djnh vd phdt triln. Vdi Cam-pu- chia, hai b6n da, dang thiic day hpp tac, duy tri dn djnh viing bi6n gidi; phdn dau hodn tbdnb phdn gidi, cdm mdc bien gidi giua bai nude vao cudi nam 2014 vd tiln tdi hodn thien ede van ban phdp ly vdo nam 2015.
B6n canh dd, boat d0ng DNQP cdp chiln dich duge th^c hipn tieh ei^c vdi nhilu bo^t dpng sang tao va ttd thartii diSm sdng ttong ho^t dpng doi ngoai toan qudn. Cac qudn khu ed ehung dudng bien gidi vdd eae nude Idng gilng da chil ddng tang cudng boat dgng giao luu, hop tac, kit nghTa cum ban vdi phia doi tde, giup da Idn nhau c&ng xdy dung vd bao v | bien gidi hda binh, on djnh, hop tac, cilng phdt triln. Bp dpi Bi6n phdng da day manh phoi hgp, hpp tdc vdi I^c lugng bao ve biSn gidi cdc nude Uen k l trong tuan tta, kiem sodt dudng bidn, phong ehdng tgi phpa, di eu bat hpp phap; ddng thdi, chu dgng hgp tdc vl ddo t^o can bp va ttang bi, thiet bj chuyen nganh vdi bien phong mpt sd nude. Bp dpi Hai qudn, lyc lupng Cdnh sdt bien,... tang euang hgp tdc vdi cac nude ttong vipc phdi hop tudn tta chung;
thiet Idp dudng ddy nong; giao luu ttao doi kinh nghiem, ddo tao cdn bd, hpp tac ky thuat qudn su; tham gia ca che hgp tde da phuong, song phuong, nham xay dung Idng tin vd phoi hop ttong vipc duy tri va xay dung khu v\re bien gioi boa binh, huu nghj. Nhd dd, thi ttdn qudc phong todn ddn va an ninh nbdn ddn is khu vuc bien gidi, viing biln khdng ngimg dugc ciing co vd phdt triln, gdp phdn bdo vp chu quyen, toan ven lanh tbd qude gia. Kit qud dd eiia Viet Nam dugc qudc t l ghi nhan vd ddnh gia la qude gia dn djnh nhdt ttong khu v\rc. Day Id ea sd rat quan ttgng bao dam mdi trudng tiiuan lgi eho phat triln KT-XH, tang cudng tilm lyc QP-AN, thu hut hop tdc ddu tu, ttao ddi mau djeh, thuong mai vdi nude ngodi, tao tien de md rdng quan he ddi ngoai, thiie day hpi nhap qude t l eiia nude ta vd tde dgng
TAP CHt QU6C PH6NG TOAN DAN S6 1012014
ttd lai ddi vdi viSc bdo ve dOe lap, cbii quyen, thdng nhat vd toan ven lanh thd eiia Td quoc.
Trong tinh hinh mdi, edng tac ddi ngoai bao vd chii quyin lanh tbd qudc gia cd nhiing phat tri8n vdi nhung npi dung vd yeu cau mdi, cao han, ndng n l ban. De gdp phan bao ve chu quyen, thdng nhat, toan vpn lanh thd qudc gia, ttong thdi gian tdi, cdng tdc DNQP edn tiiuc hien dong bg ede ndi dung, giai phdp; ttong do, tap trung vdo mpt so ndi dung, gidi phap chu y€u sau:
Mpt Id, tiep tuc qudn tri?t sau sac quan diem cua Bang trong hogt dpng DNQP. Nghj quySt Dai hdi XI ciia Dang da ehi ro: "Nbiem vu cua edng tde ddi ngo^i Id giu viing mdi trudng hda binh, thuan lgi ebo ddy manh CNH.HDH, bdo vp vung chdc dge lap, ehu quyen, thong nhat va toan vpn lanh tbd; nang cao vj thi cua ddt nuac"^. Chiln luge phdt triln KT-XH 2011 - 2020 eung nhdn manh:
"Tang cudng quan he hihi nghj, hgp tdc vdi cac nude Idng gieng; thue ddy gidi quyet edc van d l cdn ton t^i ve bien gidi, lanh thd, ranh gidi biSn vd tb8m lue dja vdd ede nuac lien quan tten ca sd lu|t phap quoe t8 vd quy tdc ling xir eiia khu vuc"^. Qudn tript tinh than do, edng tdc DNQP can dupe eg the boa thanh muc tieu, phucmg ehdm, phuang hudmg ddi ngoai phu hpp cho tGng giai doan, tren tGng m^t cdng tde. DNQP phai bao dam muc tiSu xuy6n su6t Id phdt huy dugc npi lire, tang cuong siie manh tong hgp ciia khdi d^i doan kit todn ddn tpe, ciia ca he thdng chinh tri, ket hgp sice manh ddn tde vdd siic m ^ cua thai dai, phdt huy siic manh ciia I\ic lupng va the tran ddi ngoai - QP-AN ttong sg nghipp xdy dgng vd bao ve Td qude; ttanh thu thdi ca dl tang cudng hdi nb§p qudc te, hinh thdnh the chien luge co Ipi eho ta de ngan ngua chiln ttanh, giu viing hda binh, bao ve chu quy€n lanh thd.
Su nghipp ehmh nghia cua cdch mang, quan dilm, dudng Idi chiln luge bao ve Td qudc cua Ddng thdi ky mdi ve ca bdn dugc cu
thi hda ttong chinh sdch qudc phong, chfnh sdch ddi ngoai dpc Idp, tu chii, tten tinh than Vipt Nam san sdng "Id b^n, ddi tae tin cay vd thdnh vien co ttdcb nhipm ttong cpng ddng qudc te"*. Do dd, cdn sdm trien khai xay dgng chien luge qudc phong, an ninh va ehien luge ddi ngoai ndm ttong mpt tdng thi thdng nhdt, bdo ddm su Uen ket chat che trong lanh dao, ehi dgo vd phdi hgp thuc hipn tten edc nganh, Uitii vue, tao sue mgnh tdng hgp ttong bdo v8 ehu quyin laitii thd qude gia. Mat kbac, ean tilp tyc phat buy truyin thdng, kinh ngbipm ddn tpe ttong boat ddng DNQP bao v§ chu quyen Idrtii thd; coi trgng v£in dung sang tao tu tudng, pbong each ngoai giao Hd Chi Minh, kien djnh nguySn tdc dpc Igp dan tpe vd CNXH, ludn linh boat, sdng tao theo phuang ehdm: "dibdt Men, iing van biln", v.v. Thyc te cho thay, ehu quyen lanh thd la van d8 nhay edm, phicc tap, U§n quan mdt thilt din Igi fch vd danh dy quoc gia; do do, khi giai quyet vdn de nay can quan triet, v|n dyng diing dan quan diem ddi ngoai eua Dang; tudn thu cdc quy dinh ttong hiep ude, quy ch8 quan ly bien gidi da ky vdi edc nudrc; ldy ddm phdn, thuang lugng ldm bien phdp hdng dau. Trong dd, can binh tTnh, kheo leo, kien quyet gift viing nguydn tde ddu ttanh vi lgi icb qude gia, kign djnh, kien tri bdng bien phdp boa binh, ttdn ea sd luat phap qudc te.
Hai Id, thong nhdt quan diim, ddnh gid ddng tinh hinh quoc ti, khu vuc cUng nhu thdi ca vd cdc nguy ca de dpa din chu quyen lanh thd quoc gia. Ddy Id mpt ttong nhung n$i dung quan ttgng Iam co so de tham muu eho Dang, Nha nude va BO Qudc phong ttong hoaeb djnh ehiln luge doi ngoai va td chGc trien khai thirc hien nhiem vu DNQP trong tinh hinh mdi. De Iam dugc dieu dd, cdc ban, nganh, dia phuang eiia cd nuac, nhat Id edc ngdnh Ddi ngoyi, Qude phdng, An ninh can
2 - DCSVN - Van kift Bgi hpi ^i bieu todn quoc Idn ihuXI. Nxb CTQG, H. 2011, tr. 236.
3 , 4 - S d a - t r . 139,236.
TAP CHt QU6C PHONG TOAN DAH S6 1012014 3
tang eudng ttao ddi thdng tin, phdi hgp nghien eihi, phdn tfch, dy bdo chien lupc ve tinh binh qudc tl, khu vuc, chilu hudng vgn dpng cua cdc mdi quan hp qude te, cua thdi dai; am muu, thii doan "dien bien hda binh", bao lo?in I$t dd, gay xung dpt chmh tri - qudn su chdng pha each mang nuac ta ciia edc th8 luc tbi djch. Thdng qua dd, tao su thdng nhat quan dilm ttong ddnh gia tinh hinh qudc te, khu vye ciing nhu xac djnh ddi tdc, ddi tugng;
tG do, cd kl hoach phdi hpp ddi pho thich hgp, kjp thdi va hieu qua, gdp phan bao vp vGng ehde dpc lap, chu quyen, thdng nhdt, todn ven lartii tho eiia Td qudc.
Hien nay, nude ta dang ttong dong ehdy hpi nhap qudc tl vdi ed thai ea vd thach thGc dan xen, trong dd co nguy ca ve xam pham cbii quyin lanh thd. Nhiing xam hai nay, ed tbi la hiiu binh, tryc tilp (idn ebilm bien gidi, viing bien, xdm canh, xam eu) nhung eung cd the la ede mdi de dpa an ninh phi tmyen thong, nhu: cac thdm hpa thiSn nhiSn, tpi pham xuy8n qudc gia vd nbiing tdc dgng "mem" ldm gidm ndng lire ty cbii eiia ddt nude, v.v. Chmh vi vdy, DNQP can chu ddng nghi6n ciiu, ddnh gid mdt edeb toan dlpn, khaeh quan, khoa hpc ve thdi co, nguy ca ddi vdi ehu quyin Idnb tho de ed bien phdp vua hpp tac, vGa ddu ttanh phG hgp, hipu qud. Trong qua trinh thyc hien, ede lyc lugng DNQP phdi thdng nhdt nb|n thGc, quan dilm ttong vi8e ddnh gid tinh binh, xac djnh ttach nbiem ddi vdi nhiem vy, ttdn ea sd dd van dyng sang tao dudng ldi ddi ngoiii cua Ddng, Nbd nude dl xu Iy ed bieu qua nhimg van de phiie tap nay sutii ttong thyc tien bdo ve chu quyen lanh thd ciia Td qudc.
Ba la, kit hgp chgt che giita ddi ngogi ciia Ddng, ngogi giao Nha nuac vd ngogi giao nhdn ddn v&i DNQP, gdp phdn bdo vi chu quyin, todn ven lanh tho ciia To quoc. Thyc tien da chGng minh, boat ddng bdo ve chu quyen lanh tbd ciia Td qude mudn dat hieu qua cao phdi dupe tiln hdnh ttong su phoi hpp chat che vdd ede hoat dpng ddi ngoai khde va phdi ldy myc ti8u cao nhat Id thuc hipn thdng Ipi
dudng ldi cGng ede ehu tnrong, chirtii sach d6i ngoai cua Ddng, Nha nudrc. Vi till, viee kit hpp chat che, hieu qua giira ddi ngoai cua Dang, ngoai giao Nhd nude va ngo^i giao nhdn ddn vdi DNQP Id mpt ttong nhung ySu edu c6 f nghTa quan ttgng, nham phat huy sue mgnh tdng hop ttong ddu tranh bdo ve dpc Idp, cbii quyin, thdng nhdt, toan vpn lanh thd cua Td qudc. D I bao ve ehu quyen lanh thd qudc gia cdng tdc DNQP cdn phdi tuyen truyin, van ddng toan dan tham gia nhi^m vy xay dyng, bdo ve khu vyc bidn gidd, duy tri edc hiep udrc, quy ehl v l bidn gidi vd van ddng nhan dan edc nude CO liSn quan phat buy tinb thdn dodn ket, hda binh, hiiu nghj, hpp tdc, tgo ca sd, tiln dl dl khu vuc bien gidi vGa Id phen dau qudc gia;
dong tiidi. Id khdng gian giao luu, bgp tde cGng phdt triln vdi cdc nude.
Mudn vdy, edc lyc lugng chGe ndng, nhat la ddi ngoai bien phdng vd ca quan qudn sy cdc tmh, buySn bidn gidi phai nam vGng tinh hinh cdc mat va chu ddng ldm tham muu, dl xudt ndi dung phoi hpp, nhdt Id ttong cac tinh budng phGc tap, dpt xuat. Cac ca quan ldm cdng tae dii ngoai can tang cudng phdi hpp ttong nghien euu vd xay dung edc bipn phdp, doi sdch chudn bi ling phd kjp thai, bieu qua ede tinh hudng xay ra. Khi gidi quySt cdc vy vi§c lien quan den ttanh ehdp ehu quyen lanh tho, cdn ndm viing cdc quan dilm, chu truang cua Dang va Nhd nude ve cdng tdc ddi ngogi;
phdi thye bi§n phdi hpp thdng nhdt hi thdp len eao, tuy^t ddi ehdp banh nghiem tiic quy djrtii cua trtn ve edng tde ddi ngogi, tranh ehu quan, ndng vpi, mac sai lam ddn den nhiing bgu qua ngbiSm ttpng. Dac biet, can day mgnh hogt dpng ngoai giao rtiian ddn d khu vyc bien gidi thdng qua cdc budi dam phdn, gap go vd giao luu van hda thudng ky vd thudng xuyen de tuySn truyen ebo nbdn ddn, ehuih quy6n dja phuong edc nuoc ed chung bidn gidi bieu rd ehu trucmg eua Dang va Nhd nude ta ve vipc xdy dung bidn gidi hda binh, huu nghi, dodn ket vdi cdc nuoc lang gieng, giG gin mdi tnrong hoa binh, dn djnh vd phdt triln. •
TJiP CHl QU6C PHONG TOAN DAN S6 10/2014