INH TE NQAMH - LAMH THO
Day manh xuat khau trai cay tai tinh Tien Giane
• O TA DOAN CtfClNG' Vcfi rfu tbd' v l th^ nhrfrfng, khi ban, nguln nrfdc, Tien Giang la viing trpng did'm san xuS't va xuS't khiu trai c§y cua Ding bang sdng C^u Long. Hidn nay, hgi nhap qud'c td' mcf ra cho Vidt Nam noi chung, tinb Tiln Giang noi ridng nhilu erf bdi, nhrfng ciing d§t ra nhffng thach tbrfc dd'i vrfi xua't khiu trai c§y v l cac tidu chuan mrfi, cao boTn va phrfc tap hdn. Dilu nay doi hoi cac mo hinh san xuat va xuS't kh^u cu phai thay d^i d^ dap ffng cac ydu can tff thi trrfcfng xua't khiu.
JHl/C TRANG XUAT KHAU TRAI CAY TAI TIEN G I A N G '
Tien Giang cd dien tich cay an qua ldn nha't ed ntfdc, dffdc mdnh danh Id "Vtfdng qud'e trdi cdy" vung Ddng bang sdng Cffu Long vdi gan 75.000ha vffdn cay dn qua, chid'm gin 40%_didn tich da't ndng nghidp cua Tinh, cho san Iffdng mdi nam tren 1,39 trieu td'n trdi cay cdc loai. Cdc vung quy hoach trdi cdy trpng diem cua Tidn Giang gdm: Vung kinh te trung tdm Tinh bao gdm cac huydn Chd Gao, Chau Thanh va TP. My Tho phdt trien cay thanb long chuyen canh; Viing kinh te' phia Ddng bao gdm cdc huydn Gd Cdng Tdy, Gd Cdng Ddng, Tan Pbii Ddng va Ihi xd Gd Cdng chu trpng cdy mdng cau xiem, cay thanb long; Vung kinh td' phia Tdy bao gdm cdc huyen Cai Lay, Cdi Be, thi xa Cai Lay, Tan Phffdc trdng tdp trung xoai cat, sau rieng...
Qua dd, da dinh binb dtfdc nhtfng vung chuydn canh cdy dn qua ddc san tap trung mang tinb hang hda ldn.
Cu the: Tinh dd xdc djnh nhffng chiing loai cay dn qua cd ldi the' canh tranh; ddng tbdi, hinh thanb dffdc nhffng vung chuydn canh hdng hda xua't khau Idn:
dffa (khdm) 16.660ha trong viing Ddng Thdp Mffdi, thanh long gan 7.000ha, sau ndng trdn 1 l.OOOha. xodi gan 5.000ha.. Ndm 2018, loan Tinb cd 610ha cay an qua ddc san dffdc cd'p chtfng nhan VietGAP hode GlobalGAP cho cdc loai trdi cay cbii ltfe cua Tinh, nhtf: xoai, Ihanb long, vu sffa, sau ridng, dtfa, mang cau xiera... (Minh Tri, 2018).
Ben canh dd, Tinh cung chu trpng chuyen giao ky thudt tham canh theo htfdng GAP gdn vdi hinh thanh cdc hdp tdc xa san xud't ndng nghidp kieu mdi... Dien hinh nhtf: Hdp tdc xa My Tjnh An ciia xd My Tinh An, huydn Chd Gao chuydn xua't khd'u thanb long la mdt dien hinh. Phai ma't 02 nam vdi nhieu thd't bai cdn kc stf pha san, tff nam 2014, Hdp tdc xa mdi thifc hidn Ihanh cdng cac ddn hang xua't khau thanh long.
Cti die: ndm 2014. Hdp tdc xa dd xua't khau hdn 300 'Vien Khoa hpc Xa hpi viing I^am Bo
ta'nhang. Nam 2015 va 2016, Hdp tdc xa xud't khau tren 1.200 Id'n thanh long, dat doanh thu gan 8 ty ddng. Dd'n nam 2017, Hdp tdc xa da lien ke't vdi nhieu doanh nghidp tai TP. Hd Chi Minh, trd thanh nha cung ffng ndng san va gia cdng d6ng gdi xud't khdu tbeo ydu cau sang nhieu nffdc, nhff: My, Ha Lan, Dffc, Italia, Bi, Na Uy, Thuy ST... (Van Nguydn, 2017).
Trdn cd sd xac djnh cac san pham ndng nghiep chii Itfc, cd Idi the' so sdnh ve gid tri gia tang, Tinh da lap trung diu ttf ve khoa hpe, cdng nghe, kd't cd'u ha tang, tao btfdc ddt phd ve ndng Itfc canh tranh, nang cao gid tri san pham. Trong thtfc bidn, Tinh lay bdn ket chudi ldm trpng tam, lay khoa hpc, cdng nghe, nhat la cdng nghe cao ldm ddng Itfc phat Irien gdp phan giam chi phi sdn xud't, nang eao hidu qua vd kha ndng canh tranh cua nganh ndng nghidp.
Theo Sd Ndng nghidp va Phat trien ndng thdn (2019), rieng nam 2018, Tien Giang xua't khau dtfdc tren 10.500 tan rau qua che'bie'n, dat kim ngach 17,22 tridu USD, tang 28,2% ve Itfdng va tang 20,11% ve trj gia so vdi ndm trtfdc. Tien Giang da lid'p can vd xua't khau dtfdc td\
cdc thi Irtfdng khd tinh, nhtf: My, Nhat Ban, EU,Uc... Dac biet, EU la thjuafdng xud'l khau chu Itfc cua trdi cdy Tien Giang vdi ty trpng dao ddng 50%-70%
trong giai doan 2015-2017; ngodi ra con cd cac thj tftfdng. nhtf: Hdn Qudc, Nga va Ukraina. Trung Qudc... (Bang).
Nhd xud't kha'u. gid in kmh td', ddc biel la ldi nhudn ttf vtfdn qua ddc san da dtfdc cai thien rd ndt lam cho ddi sdng
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cua ndng ddn dtfde ndng Idn, ndng thdn ddi mdi. Theo khdo sdt cua nganh chffc ndng trong nam 2018, vdi ndng sud't binh qudn 20 td'n qua/ha, thanh long cho ldi rdng mdi ndm ttf 600 trieu ddng/ha trd len; sau ridng nang sud't dat ttf 20 de'n 25 ta'n qud/ha, cho Idi rdng 1,2 ty ddng/
ha; xoai cat Hda Ldc dat ndng sua't ttf 10 de'n 15 ta'n qua/ha, cho Iai rdng 1 ty ddng/ha radi nam (Minh Tri, 2018).
N H G N G V X N D E DAT RA
ThU nhdt, mac du cd cd hdi di vdo cdc thj trtfdng Idn vdi thu nhap cao nhtf Hoa Ky vd EU, nhiftig trdi cay cua Viet Nam ndi chung va cua Tien Giang ndi ridng phai dd'i mat vdi cdc tieu chu^n cao va khat khe ve cha't Itfdng, khdng phai doanb nghidp nao cung cd the ddp ffng dffdc ngay. EU Id thj Irffdng cd yeu c^u hd't sffc nghidm ngdt ve vung trdng, quy cdch ddng gdi, kidm djch thffc vdt vd vd sinh an loan thffc pham, chid'u xa, qua trinh van chuyen... Ngay ca Ihj trffdng truydn thd'ng cho trai cay Viet Nara Id Trung Qud'c trong thdi gian tdi Cling khdng cdn dd ddng nhtf trtfde, khi Chinh phli Trung Qud'c dang xay difng cdc hdng rao ky thudt rd't khdt khe, ddng thdi tdng ctfdng kiem tra.
Tha hai. canh tranh giffa cdc qud'c gia xua'l khau trai cdy cung trd ndn gay gdt hdn khi cdc dd'i tini cua Viet Nam trong khu vtfc khdng phdi chi cd That Lan, md gid day Campuchia cung dang ndi Idn la mpt dd'i thu khdng the xem thtfdng.
Thff ba, trai cdy chu Itfc cua Tlnb chu yd'u xud't kha'u sang thj trtfdng Trung Qud'c theo con dtfdng tieu ngach. Hinh thffc xud't khau ndy dd'i mat nhieu rui ro.
Trong khi hien nay, Trung Qud'c dang dp dling nhffng quy dinb mdi ve tidu chud'n chd't Iffdng va truy xua't ngudn gd'c ddi vdi mdt so' mat hdng ndng san eua Viet Nam ddng thdi cdn sid't chat quan ly ve an todn thffe ph^m, hang rdo kie'm djch...
Bdn canh do, cudc chie'n tranh thffdng mai giffa Hoa Ky va Trung Qud'c chtfa rd hdi kd't se Iam eho tdng trtfdng kinh le'cua Trung Qud'c cham Iai trong nhieu ndm, ndn xua't khau trai cay sang Trung Qud'e cd the cung khdng cdn nhieu dtf dia nffa. Do vay, khi trai cdy Tien Giang khdng ddp tfng dtfdc ydu cau, bi tac d cffa khau thi khdng lieu thu dtfdc, thtfdng lai ngtfng mua, ndng dan khd khdn Id didu khd tranh khdi.
BAfiG: XUAT KHAU CHIMH NGACH TRAI CAY TAI TIEM GIANG 2015-2017
TT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Thi trtftVng
EU HoaKy Trung Quoc Nhat Ban Han Quoc Dai Loan ASEAN Nga & Ukraina Uc Cac nireJc jthac Tfing cOng
2015 Tri gia (USD) 4 431.340
222.000 459.860 232.620
14.480 397.000 320.890
6.078.190 Tytr?ng
(%)
72,91 0,00 3,65 7,57 3,83 0,00 0,24 6,53 5,28 0,00 100,00
20111 Tri gii (USD) 3 740,344
493,018 500,961 1 889.927
103 7.30 17,000 316,000 384.000 50.000 7.494,980
Ty trpng
(%)
49,90 0,00 6,58 6,68 25,22 1,38 0,23 4,22 5,12 0,67 100,00
2017 TUgili (USD) 4,603,765
260 000 1 099,520
69,000 120,140 428 660 37,000 155 000 163 000 645,000 7.581,085
Ty trong
60,73 3,43 14,50 0,91 1,58 5,65 0,49 2,04 2,15 8,51 100,00
Thff tu. quy md san xua't nhd le, dau ra khdng dn djnh, thtfdng xuydn pbdi dd'i mat vdi tinh trang "tning mua, ma't gia". Ndm 2018, hai mat hang trdi cay chu Itfc cua Tinh, dd la: thanh long vd sau ndng vdo vu thu hoach rd bj ma't gia, khdng Iidu thu dtfdc khie'n ndng dan vung ehuyen canh lao dao. Cu thd, vao thdng 10/2018, thanh long Chd Gao phai chiu mdt ddt gidra gid didn rdng, tff mtfc trdn 20.000 ddng/kg thanh long rupt do tut xud'ng chi cdn ttf 6.000 ddng/kg- 7.000 ddng/kg. Ong Nguyen Phtfdng Khanh, ndng dan trdng thanh long d xa Tdn Binh Thanh cho bie't, day la lan giam gia raanh nha't va sdu nhd't ttf trtfdc de'n nay (Minh Tri, 2018).
GIAI. PHAP DAY MANH XUAT KHAU TRAI CAV TIEN GIANG
Theo de dn "Tdi cd ca'u ngdnh ndng ngbiep Tien Giang de'n nam 2020, djnb htfdng de'n nam 2030 theo htfdng gid tri gia tang vd phdt trien ben vtfng", Tien Giang dd xac dinb phat huy tiem nang cay dn qua trdn cd sd tbicb tfng vdi bie'n ddi khi hau, tao vung ndng san hang hda cha'l Itfdng cao btfdng de'n xud't khd'u pbii hdp ldi Ihd' vung, lieu vung. Cu the, vung irung tdra htfdng dd'n cdy Ihanh long, vung duydn hai phia Ddng phdt trien cay mdng cdu xidm va cac cay an qua pbii hdp cd gia tri kinh id' cao kbdc, vung ngdp lu phia Tdy tap trung cho cay xoai, sau rieng, dtfa.
Vi vdy, de tid'p tuc day raanh xud't khau trai cdy Tien Giang, theo chung tdi, trong thdi gian tdi. can thtfc hien ddng bd mot sdgidi phdp nhtf sau.
EL'onomy und Forec.isl Reviev 115
NH TE MGANH -LANH THO
Mdt Id, da'y manh thong tin, tuyen truyen de ndng ddn hidu nhffng thdi cd va thach thffc dai ra cho trdi cay Tien Giang; trong dd chu trpng khuyd'n khich sdn xua't theo tidu chi an toan, truy xud't ngudn gd'c theo btfdng GAP, xay dtfng thtfdng hidu va tdng ctfdng xiic tie'n thtfdng raai, btfdng dd'n da dang hda thi trtfdng xua't khau, giam thieu nil ro.
Hai Id, di giai quye't dau ra ben vtfng cho trai cdy xua't khd'u, dia phtfdng can coi trpng quy boacb gan vdi dd an tdi ed cd'u nganh ndng nghiep; xac dinh cde nhdm trdi eay chu life can phdt trien thdnh vung chuyen canh, dam bao theo cdc tieu chuan GAP ttfdng ffng vdi thi trffdng xua't khd'u. Tren cd sd dd, dau ttf ddng bd kd't cd'u ha t^ng, dich vu ky thudt de san xua't thuan tidn, cd gidi hda san xua't trdn quy md Idn.
Ba la, chuyd'n ddi rad hinb xua't khau ttfdng tfng vdi Itfa chpn thay ddi thi trtfdng muc tidu Itf Trung Qud'c sang cac thj trtfdng cao cd'p hdn, nbtf: Hoa Ky, EU, Nhdt Ban... nham giam thidu stf phu thudc vao thj trffdng an chtfa nhieu riii ro.
Bd'n Id, day manh cdng lac xue tid'n thffdng mai qud'c te' thdng qua vide kd't ndi chat che vdi cac dd'i tdc thtfdng mai qud'c id' lai thi trtfdng muc lieu. Tdn dung cdc cd boi cd dtfdc ttf ngudn life cua Chinh phii cung nhtf la ciia dd'i tac qud'c td' trong vide xue tid'n quang bd, gidi thidu san phdra trdi cay va cdc hinh anh lien quan de'n san xud't va thtfdng hieu trdi edy cua Tien Giang. Ddng thdi, xiic tie'n trtfe tid'p md cdc vdn phdng dai didn hoac tham gia trtfc tid'p vao he thd'ng pban phdi tai thj irtfdng qud'c te', dac biet dd'i vdi thi trtfdng xud't khiu tieu ngach sang Trung Qud'c.
Ndm Id, nang cao cha't Iffdng trai cay xud't khd'u.
Cu the can:
- Nang cao hdm Itfdng khoa hpc ky thudt trong sdn pha'm trdi cay ngay tff khau lffa chpn gidng cdy tfdng.
Nang sud't, chd't Iffdng chffa du ma phai tao ra dffdc sff
kbdc bidt cho san pham thu hoach. Ddy la vide ldm can thid't dd'i vdi doanh nghipp trffc lid'p san xua't vdi stf hd trd ve ky thu|L
- Thtfc hidn san xua'l va giam sdt san xud't chat cbe cac tidu chuan theo htfdng GAP ttfdng tfng vdt tffng thi trffdng xuat , khau. Day ciJng Id gidi phap thffc hien dd'i vdi cdc doanb nghidp trffc tid'p san xud't. San xua't theo cac tieu chuan GAP dffdc chinh quydn cac cd'p cua Tien Giang theo duoi trong nhieu ndm, nhffng chtfa cd nhidu kd't qua, trong khi stf ddi hdi cua thj trtfdng cao cd'p, nhtf: EU, Hoa Ky... va sdp tdi se la Trung Qud'c thi da hidn hilu. Bdi vdy, san xud't theo cac lieu chua'n GAP can phai trd thanh cac quy djnh mang tinh phap 1;? dd'i vdi cdc hd san xud't, doanh nghiep trong viing chuyen canh trai cay.
- Pbat trien da dang hda cac san pha'm trdi edy theo tidu chud'n cua thi trtfdng xud't khd'u hinh thdnh, ndn nhdm lai cac san pham trai cay mang thffdng hieu xua't xff tai Tien Giang.
- Dd tinh ddc thii cua trdi cay tffdi rat khd bao quan trong dieu kidn nhidt ddi, can tie'p luc dau tff he thd'ng kho lanh, phffdng tidn van chuyen chuyen dung se gdp phan tang gid tri, cha't Iffdng cua trdi cay trong qua trinh ltfu trff sau thu hoach vd vdn chuyen trffdc khi tidu thu.
-Dau tff cho baobi bao quan irai cay, vffa kdo dat thdi gian sffdung, ddng thdi gia tang hinh anh, thffdng hieu trdi cdy cua Tien Giang dd'n ngffdi tidu dung cung nhff cdc dd'i tdc thffdng mai.Q
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. UBND tinh Tien Giang (2014). Quyit dink sd2232/QD-UBND. ngdy lI/9/20I4phi duyet quy hoach vitng trdng cdy dn trdi tinh Tiin Giang din ndm 2020
2. Sd Ndng nghidp vd Phdt trien ndng thdn tmh Tien Giang (2019). Bdo cdo Tong ke't sdnxudt ndng nghiip vd phdt trien ndng tkdn 2018 vd ki hoack sdn xudt ndng ngkiip vd phdt triin nong tkdn 2019
3. Phdng Xua't nhap khau, Sd Cdng Thffdng linh Tien Giang (2015-2017). Sdliiu xudt kkdu trdi cdy cdc nam 2015. 2016, 2017
4. Vdn Nguyen (2017). HTX My Tinh An md dudng cko thanh long xudt kkdu, truy cap tff https://
lhoibaokinhdoanh.vn/mo-hinh/htx-my-tinh-an-mo-duong-cho-thanh-long-xuat-khau-l027904.himl 5. Mmh Tri (2018). Di tim ddu ra ben vffng cko trdi cdy xudt kkdu cua Ttin Giang, truy cap tft https://bnews.vn/di-tim-dau-ra-ben-vung-cho-trai-cay-xuai-kbau-cua-tien-giang/I05496.html
QUANG CAO SO 29 ' ^ j H ^ ^ KINH TE VA DI.'BAO ^ ^ | 1 Tong Cong ty CP Dich vu Ky tiiual Dau khi Viet Nam Bia 2 2 Phong VSn hoa va Thong Un Thanh pho Thai Nguyen ., . Bia 4 i. Quy Bao ve Moi irifcing Viet Nam Tr.ing trong
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