gia chiiu ndng cho khu dd ihl (ngudn v
LFng dung cac cong cu va phan m4m mo p h o n g trong ddi m a i dao tao Ki§n true theo hu'ang b§n vOng
TS KTS Nguyin Anh Tudn
KIKHI Klin in'ic. li^n'mg Dm hoc Bach Khoa - Dgi hoc Dd \dng ThS KTS Phan T i i n Vinh, ThS KTS Le Thanh Hda
Kliua Ky l}iut^l.\'dy diflig. tiircnig Cao ddng Cong ng/jf - Dgi hoc Dd Sdng
Nhu c i u d&i mdi ddo tao Kiln triic theo h\r&ng bin vQng
Culi cua t h i ky 20 v i diu t h i ky 21, nhdn logi d i phai d i i di$n vdi nhiiu nguy ea cd tinh todn c l u nhu sy d nhilm mdi trudng, can kiit cdc nguin tdi nguyin, khung hoang nang lugng, vd d i e biit Id hiin tugng biin d i i khi hdu todn c l u D i y Id nhOng m l i de dpa cho sy phdt triln, th^m chl Id dnh hudng d i n sy smh t i n eiia cdc t h i h§ tuong Igi Trong bii canh dd.
dinh hudng phdttriln b i n v&ng ndi chung, phdt triln kiln tr&c b i n v&ng ndi neng da trd thanh xu t h i vd Id muc tieu uu tien cua nhiiu quIc gia tren t h i gidi, trong do ed Viit Nam [1]
Muc tiiu eiia phit triln kiln tnic bin vung Id hudng din nh&ng cdng trinh x i y dyng su dyng hl|u qua cdc nguin tai nguyen, tiit kiim nang iuang, khuyen khich tdi su dyng edc nguin v i t liiu, ndng Iuang va hgn c h i tdi da cdc gnh hudng d i n moi tnfdng De cac dy dn Kiln trtic
bin vung di vdo thyc tiln, qud trinh thilt k l xdy dyng c l n cd sy tham gia phii hgp ciia KTS, edc chuyen gia, ngudi sii dyng vd ca cflng ding dan cu, trong dd, chuyen gia thiit k l quy hogch - kiln true cd vai trd quan trpng va Id nhan t i then chit d i ed dugc hiiu qua "xanh" eua mpt cdng trinh kiln tnic.
Hign nay, cac ca sa ddo tgo Kien tnie trong ca nude ehu ylu v i n ddo tgo theo truyin thing, khdng cd hogc qud It edc hpc phin ly thuyit - thyc
66 rqpch, HitHYitwc
Dao tao
Kien true sii Hanh nghe Kien true
M6I quan h^gitta cdc cdng cif va phdn mim hdtra thiit ke kiin tr il thfc tlin ngdnh nghi (net diet xu hudng hodc nhu cdu)
hinh vd cic d l dn chuyin v l kiln tnie bin v&ng Dilu ndy gdy nhilu khd khdn cho eic KTS, thgm gla thiit k i cdng trinh theo tieu chf "xanh" do hp thiiu hin ky ndng ndy VI viy, dli mdi ddo tgo Kiln tnic theo hudng bin v&ng Id nhdm trang bj cho cdc KTS hodc cii nhin Kiin trOc kiln thiic v i ky ndng ein thilt theo y i u clu mdi cua x i h$l, Bdi bdo ndy gidi thi|u giai phdp ling dyng cdng nghg thdng tin trong dli mdi ddo tgo KTS theo hudng bin v&ng tgl cdc trudng thu$c Dgi hpc Dd Nang, budc diu dd eho kit qua tit,
Vai trd cOa cdc cdng cu vd phdn m i m md phdng trong t h i l t k l k i l n trOc theo hu^ng b i n vOng
Trong nhilu ITnh vyc khdc nhau, vigc su dung mdy tinh di#n ti> d l mfl phdng v i giai quylt cdc tinh hulng, v i n d l hay thdch thirc nan giai dang ngdy cdng p h i biln. Trong thilt k l kiln tnic ndi riing, mdy tinh diin tu giiip cdc KTS phde thao, ve triln khai ky thuit, md phdng lai mdi tnfdng v i t liiu, dnh sdng ^ y c (ky thudt render anh trin cdc phin m i m 3Ds-Max, Revit.,.), sy tiiu dung ndng lugng vd trao d i i nhiit e&a cdng trinh, mdi tnrdng dm thanh vd cdc mdi trudng v i t ly cdng trinh xdy dyng khdc, Sy tham gig ciia cdng nghi thdng tin trong thilt k i kiin tnic d i diln ra qua ba giai dogn bao g i m [2]
- Giai doan thiit ki md hinh ea bin: ung dgng cdc phin m i m thiit ke d i hpa ca ban (CAD-Computer-Aided Design) nhu AutoCAD, 3Ds-max.,, d i thilt k i xay dung md hlnh cdng trinh da chilu;
- Giai doan thiit ke md hinh ning cao' &ng dyng cdc md hlnh eong trinh dugc gdn thdng tin (BIM - Building Information Modelling) nhdm tgo ra tinh kit nil trong: thilt k l , thi cdng vd vgn hdnh cdng trinh;
- Giai doan thiet ki md hlnh bin vDng dng dyng edc cflng cy md phdng hi^u ndng cflng trinh {BPS - Building Performance Simulation) d l kilm tra hiiu qua cdc gidi phap thiit k i theo hudng bin v&ng, trudc khi dugc xdy dung trong thue t l .
- Md phdng da vd se dong vai trd chii dao trong nghiin cuu ve cdng trinh. D i n d i u nam 2015, d i e d khoang 417 phin m i m md phong- tinh toin liin quan din cdng trinh dd dugc ghi nhdn trin t h i gidi [3].
Trong ddo tao KTS, viec su dung eae eflng cu vd phin mim md phdng trong dao tao giiip Giao viin de taiyin tai nh&ng ndi dung Idioa hpc Kiln tnic khfl khan den sinh vien, sinh vien cd dilu kien doi chilu giua ly thuyit va thye tiln, va d l nim bdi hon, ding thdi gidm bdt chi phf vd thdi gian ddo tgo do phai Idm thf nghiim hay khao sat
Trong thyc t i i n hdnh nghi, gidi KTS dang dan d i n thyg nhdn vd dp dgng t&ng phin edc cdng cy vd phan m i m md phdng, giiip hp kilm sodt t o i n diin han tde phim thiit k l vd ddp ung cdc y i u c l u nghiim ngdt cOa chu d i u t u v i cdc tieu chuin, quy ehudn "xanh' Trong m$t bdi v i i t gan diy, chiing tfli d§ gidi thiiu cdch ma nhi thIu thilt k l khai thdc s&c mgnh cua cdc eflng eg vd phin m i m md phdng trong vige thilt k l cdng trinh Olympic London 2012 Velodrome [4]
Trong quin ly Xdy dyng hay quan ly dfl thj, ling dgng cdc cdng cy vd vd phin m i m md phong dang cdn rlt hgn chl. Tuy nhiin d i y Id ITnh vyc cQng cin dugc cip nh|t vd b l sung kiln th&c d l ddm bao quan ly hi$u qua vd chlnh sich quan ly theo kjp vdi thyc tiin.
O'ng dung cdc cdng cu vd phdn m i m md phdng trong d^i md'i ddo tao
Cic cdng ci^ phin tich sinh khi hiu, vi khf hiu vi tiin nghi con ngudi
Khi h|u, VI khi hiu v i ti§n nghi nhi$t Id nhO'ng ndi dung trpng tdm trong giang dgy cdc hpc phin Ilin quan din Kiin triic bin v&ng, kiln triic smh khi hiu.,. Trong cdc gido trinh giang dgy chii y i u la ly thuylt, cdc cdng cy vd phin mim mdy tfnh gin nhu chua cd Tie thyc t l giang dgy, chiing tfli gidi thi^u cdc cdng eg sau:
- Cdng eg Climate Consultant phdn tich khi hiu vd tign nghi smh khi h|u dyg trin t i p tin khi hlu diin hlnh cua DH California Los Angeles (miln phi), hoic cflng ey phin tich khf hdu &ng dyng cho Vi#t Ngm (do t i c gia xdy dyng, dovmload tgi: http/Zwww.mediafire.
eom/vtew/9l45jynq4qy2wpm/Building_
Psychromethc_chart_with_climate_analysis_
ver^onS.xIsx )
- Cdng cy phdn tfch khi h|u dgn gian dya tren s i ligu khi hgu trung blnh thdng: Mahoney Tables {do chiing tdi tdi xiy dyng dyg trin hudng din ciia GS Carl Mahoney, download tgihttps://nguyena/j/)/uandn.wordpress.
com/2013/12/05^ahoney-tabies/)
- Cdng cy phin tfch tien nghi nhiet (miln phf) dya tren cdc md hlnh PMV-PPD, md hlnh 2 cycvd mfl hlnh tiin nghi nhigt thich ling cua GS Richard de Dear tai httpJ/web arch usyd.edu au/-rdedear/, CBE Thermal Comfort Tool ciia tn/dng DH Califomia Berkeley tgl http://smap- cbe berk^ey.edu/comforttool.
Cdc phuang phdp vd cflng cy ndi trin diu cdp nhit nh&ng tiin bg trong ITnh vyc nay vd cd nhilu dilm mdi so vdi nfli dung cic giao trinh V i t ly
cdng trinh xdy dtmg dang giang dgy d nude ta Viic dii nndi ddo tao cdn gin lien vdi viic dua thim cdc nfli dung mdi ndy vdo giang dgy, cd t h i tich hap d dang bdi tdp nhdm hogc bdi tdp d nhd.
Cac phirong phap vd cdng cu phan tich nang luo'ng trong cdng trinh
Hien nay trpng t i m giang dgy tgi tardng €)gi hpc Id ly thuyit qui trinh truyin nhigt i n dinh vd mpt phdn nhd Id tmyin nhiit dao dpng vdn d n cac
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NANGLUONG DAUVAO lli phong niing lucmg cdng trinh
tInh todn khd ph&c tgp, nhung lai cd rat it ung dgng thyc t l . Trin thye t l , ngudi lam thiit k i thudng quan tdm d i n nhiing vdn d i eg t h i han nhu, Tien nghi nhiet ndng lugng tieu thy, diin biln nhigt dfl trong cdng trinh theo thdi gian thue, cii thiin hiiu nang nhu t h i nao, hi#u qua l i bao nhieu..
Cac phin m i m phdn tfch nang lugng cdng trinh thudng dugc lap trinh dya trin nguyin ly can blng nhigt vd qua trinh truyin nhiit I n djnh cua cdng trinh. Di k i m la thdng so thdi tiet chi tilt den t&ng gid tai noi ddt cdng trinh (thudng duoc gdi gpn trong 1 file thdi tilt, vdi cac dinh dang nhu TRY, TMY, IWEC .,), Trong mil gid, mdy tinh se tinh chinh xdc lugng nhiit nhan them vd m l t dA ciia cdng trinh, t& do tfnh todn duoc tdi trpng nhiit eua cdng trinh vd yeu ciu van hdnh h i thing HVAC eCing vdi muc ndng Iuang tieu thg, Cac thdng s i d i u ra eiia chuang trinh - tren ly thuyit - ed t h i Id tdt ed cde biin s i cd trong cdc cdng thiic khi lgp trinh phin mim, trong dd cd tiin nghi nhiet, nang lugng tiiu thu, tde ddng mfli trudng ciia cflng trinh.,
Nh&ng chuang trinh mfl phdng nang lugng cdng trinh thudng cd g i i thinh khi cao, Hiin nay cic phin m i m ciia Autodesk dang dugc cung d p mien phf cho smh vien vd gido viin, do dd cd t h i su dung chuang trinh Ecotect hogc Vgsari d l giang dgy Ecotect vd Vasan cd giao dign dan gian, thdn thien vd phii hgp vdi ddo tgo KTS. Ecotect edn cd t h i giiip viee nghien c&u
Mdt sdkit qud mo phdng bdng Autodeik Simulation CFD
Ket qud md phdng chiiu sdng vd chiiu ndng bdng phdn mim Radiance, Ecotect (ngudn tdcgid)
gidng dgy v i mgt trdi, dnh sdng, bdng d l , tfnh toin che ning.,, d c i p dp sau Dgi hpc, hpc viin cd t h i SLf dyng EnergyPlus (miln phf) cd chit lugng tit; d b|c ddo tgo ndy, nen ed mpt hpc phin chuyen v i md phdng hi#u ning cflng trinh nhu ede trudng Dgi hpc tiin tiln d i Idm [5],
Cic cdng cu nghiin ei>u siu vi thing gid, c^iiu sing vd mdi trudng im thanh
Trong nghiin c&u ly thuyit v i thflng gid ty nhiin vd thdng gid nhin tgo, hign dang cd rlt nhilu cdc cdng ey d l md phong, phdn tfch, tinh todn vd thilt k l . Cdc phin m i m thudng su dyng mflt trong 2 phuang phip. Mgng thdng gid (airflovif network model) hodc CFD (computational fluid dynamics). Ca hai nhdm cdng cy ndy cd nh&ng uu nhugc dilm b l sung cho nhau, gi&P viic thiit k l tfnh todn rlt linh hogt. Mflt s l cdng eg vd phin m i m su dyng p h i biin nhu Aiolos, Comls, EnergyPlus, Ansys CFX, Phoenies, Autodesk Simulahon CFD,. .
Theo chiing tdi, phan mem Autodesk Simulation CFD (mien phi trong giao dye v i nghien e&u) cd t h i su dung cho cdng tde nghiin cuu chuyen s i u d bic sau dai hpc. D i i vdi sinh vien Klin tnic, nin bo tri ndi dung ndy a cic Chuyen di tu chpn Autodesk Simulation CFD l i phin m i m chuyen v i mfl phdng qud trinh van dflng ciia luu chit (chdt Idng va chat khi) trong vd ngodi v§tthl ran Day Id cdng cu duac irng dung trong nhilu ITnh vuc, trong dd cd ttiiit k i thdng gid kiin tnic Mdt s i uu diim ciia phin m i m ndy:
- Giao dien than thien, thao t i c nhap edc thdng s i d i u vdo thugn tien;
- Trao ddi du lieu vdi cac phin m i m d i hoa hole cde phin m i m md phdng hieu nang khdc de ddng;
- Cho kit qua tuang d i i ddy du va true quan v i edc dgi lugng thdng gid trong cdng trinh.
Chiiu sdng cdng trinh v i n dT rdt quan trpng gdp phin ning cao cac gia tri thim my ciia
khdng gian vd hlnh khli, Ddc bi$t khi cdc v i n d l v l kiln tnic bin v&ng ngdy cdng dugc quan tdm, chiiu sdng cdng trinh cdn dugc xem nhu Id mdt trong nhung y i u t l anh hudng d i n cdc mgc tieu tilt kiim ning lugng. Nghiin c&u v l chiiu sdng thudng ph&c tgp, ddi hdi ngudi thilt ke nam v&ng nhung ddc tfnh vd quy luit ca ban cda dnh sdng, kit hgp hii hda cdc giai phip chilu sing ty nhiin vd nhdn tgo, cd kha ndng cam thg t i t v l khflng gian {ddnh gid cam tfnh);
vd ed nh&ng cdng eg tinh todn vd md phdng dnh sdng hieu qui (ddnh gid djnh tfnh)
Cdc cdng cy mfl phdng dnh sdng dd dugc xay dung dua trin cdc thuit todn md phdng anh sdng (lighting simulation algorithms) vdi 3 phuang phdp ca ban: t& cdch don gian nhlt Id phuang phdp chia dnh sing thdnh 3 thdnh phan (split flux method - tryc tilp + phdn xg ben ngodi + phin xg trong nhi), cho d i n nh&ng cdch ph&c tgp hon nhu phuang phdp dd tig (ray tracing method) su dyng trong Autoead, Revit, Ecotect, Radignce, Genelux, Pgssport hay phuang phdp phdt xg (radiosity method) s& dung trong 3D Studio Max,V-ray, Superiite Nhung chuang trinh su dyng phuong phdp dd tia hay phdt xg d i u cho ra nh&ng kit qud dnh sdng gin gilng vdi anh chyp thye t i , ddc bigt Id phuang phdp phdt xg, Cic chuang trinh niy dd dugc &ng dyng trong d i o tgo v i hinh nghi kiln tnic tgi cdc nude [6], Trin co sd phin tich cde dde dilm vd cflng dgng, chiing tdi d l xult nen dp dyng hai cdng cy. Ecotect vd Radiance d i nghien c&u chilu sdng v i o d i o tgo kiln tnic tai Viet Nam
- Phin mim Radignce (l_awrence Bert<eley Natonal Laboratory) giiip md phdng dnh sdng theo hlnh dnh khdng gian 3 chiiu, vdi nh&ng uu dilm nhu: Ddm bdo dp chfnh xdc v l d$ rpl tfnh toin; Phgm vi md phdng cho dnh sdng ty nhien vd nhin tgo; Xem xit d$c tinh cdc dli tugng phan xa; Ap dung cho nhiiu dgng md hlnh ph&c tgp; vd kit nil thuan hgn vdi cdc phin m i m khdc,
- Phan m i m Ecotect (Autodesk) giiip tinh todn dd rpi vd hg s i dp rpi trin m$t Idm vi|c, chilu ning, che ning. Ecotect cd nhiiu uu
diem nhu: giao diin thdn thiin, de dyng md hlnh vd nhiiu eflng eg phdn tich, tu nh&ng md phdng dnh sdng ting t h i theo biiu d l mgt trdi, bdng d i eiia cflng trinh,. .cho d i n tinh todn ehilu sdng trin cdc mdt phdng khao sdt, ddnh gid dugc hiiu qua cde giai phip ehilu sdng ty nhiin vd nhdn tgo [7]
Trong hpc phin dm hpc Kiln tnic, d nude tg chi p h i biln phuang phdp thilt k l i m hpc phdng thinh gia theo diiu kiin thdi gian i m vgng Ddy Id phuong phap c i diin, dii ddng v i ft dugc su dyng, Hi§n ngy cd rit nhiiu phuang phdp mdi, tiin bp han cln duge dua vdo gidng day, trong dd cd phuong phdp dimg md hlnh ttiu nhd, hay md phong trin mdy tinh Vige md phdng qud trinh hlnh thdnh lan tnjyIn vd tdt din ciia tnidng dm trong cdng trinh ed t h i d l ddng hgn vdi sy h i trg ciia edc phin m i m i m hpc
Hien nay mdt sd gdi phin mim thuang mai dang dugc su dung thudng xuyen bdi cdc chuyin gia i m thanh cung nhu cic nha nghien c&u trin toin the gidi nhu Odeon, Catt, Autodesk Ecotect, AcouSto, QPBT, EASE..
Cdc phin mim dm hpc cd uu dilm la tfnh todn nhanh, chinh xdc, du dodn dugc nhilu thdng s i chit Iuang dm nhu thdi gian i m vang, dp rd, cam gidc khdng gign, dd mgnh y l u ., ciia thinh phdng, kiim sodt dugc tilng ddi, hdi tg i m , dudng di cua ha d m . cd khd ndng i p dyng vdo thyc tiln hdnh nghi cua KTS rlt eao Phin m i m Ecotect - dugc Up trinh dua trin nguyin ly i m hlnh hpc vd cic thu|t toin Monte Cario - tfch hgp nhilu module Nhiit ndng lugng - Chilu sdng - Am hpc, dang dugc dp dgng thi dilm tai Dai hpc Bach khoa Od Ning.
K i t luan
Viic irng dyng cde cdng eg vd phin mim md phdng v i o ddo tgo KTS Id d n thiit vd dgng ed nhu c i u thuc sy, Tuy nhiin, dua cai gi vdo vd dua v i o nhu t h i ndo thi cdn phai cdn nhle do chiing ta chua ed md hinh tdt hay kmh nghi$m Trong dilu kiin eae co sd ddo tgo KTS cdn thilu eg sd vat chat v i eon ngudi cd ehuyin mdn thi viec ung dyng cdn gap nhilu khd khan.
Trudng Dgi hpc Xdy dyng cOng dang thf diim viic &ng dyng cdc cdng cy vd phin mim md phdng v i o giang day Cdc dd dn sinh vien duge giai Loa thanh vd cde giai khdc cQng d i xudt hiin eic ung dyng ndi tren Trong khudn khi bii vilt, chiing tdi chi dua ra nh&ng thdng tin mang tinh gidi thieu v i tham khao, vdi mong muin thiic d l y nhanh qui trinh d l i mdi ddo tgo Kiin triie d Viit Nam theo hudng bin vung 0
Phuong phap sai phan
Cdc phuang phdp thudng ditng trong tinh todn truyin dm trong phdng - FEM phuang phap phdn tu hOv han.
BEM phuang phdp phdn tie bien
Tai lieu tham khao
[I] Pham Ngoc Ddng (2012). Khung chiin lu^c qu6c gia vi phat tnen xdy dimg xanh den ndm 2020, tdm nhin din ndm 2030, Tdi li?u hpt thdo "Phdt tnin cong trinh xdy dung bin vung" tai Dd Ndng, Bd xdy dung
[2] Le Thanh Hda (2014), Di xudt cdc gidi phdp ung dune md phdng ht^ nang cong trinh (BPS) trong ddo ttfo hen tnic tai Dd Ndng. Tgp chi Khoa hQC vd Cdng ngh^ - Dgi hgc DdNdng. sd 3, trang 15-20.
[3] http //appsl.eere energy.gov/buildings/tools^directory/
alphaJisLcfm [Truy c^ 23/2/2015}
[4] Nguyin Anh Tudn (2015), Cdng trinh xanh London 2012 Velodrome dd du^c thiit ki nhu thi ndo'' Tgp chi Kiin true, so- 237. trang. 89-94.
[5] Xem vi du hgc phdn tgi ddy: http://vnvwbwk.tue nl/bpsf hensen/courseyiare/TUe-7S750/7S750_modu}e_descrhtm [Truy cdp 23/2/2015]
[6] Guglieimetti, R.. Pleis. S. & Torcellini PA (2010). On the use of integrated daybghting and energy simulations lo drive the design cfa large net-zero energy cffice building.
Conference paper NREL/CP-550-4752, presented at SimBuild 2010.
[7} Le Thanh Hoa (2014), Ndng cao cdc gidi phia> thiit ke bin vUng cho dd dn smh vien hen true bdng phan mem phdn tich mdi trudng Ecotect Tgp chi Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghe - Dgi hgc Dd Ndng, so 11(84), trang 29-33.