Mot so van de ve sU di tru va phan bo dan cUcua ngUdi Mong Tin Lanh
d tinh Dak Lak
DOAN DtfC P H U O N G *
D
dk Lak lfi "thu phu" ciia Tfiy Nguyen, cd nhOhg dac thu ve Mnh t l , vdn hda, xa hfii va ddc bifit lfi ve an ninh - qufl'c phdng cua da^t nUdc. Nhan thflc dflffc vi tri dia cMin lUdc ciia Dak Ldk va ca Tfiy Nguyen, ngay sau ngay giai phdng, Dang vd Nhd nfldc ta da ddc Met quan tam vfi da d l r a nMlu chu trfldng cMnh sfich nhfim phat t r i l n ve kinh te' - xa hgi, dam bfio an ninh - quo'c phbng khu vflc nfiy.Nhuhg nam gan tiay, ddi song kinh tfi'-xa hfii Tay Nguyen ngfiy efing dflgc cfii tMfin, d i n g thdi qufi trinh thay dli dfin ctf do stf ffi cfl cung ffiln ra manh me hdn do sQ ffi chuyln cua cfic dbng ffi cfl tfl khfip cac vung miln tren cfi nfldc, trong dd ed sy ffi efl ngfldi Mfing, nhat la ngfldi Mdng Tin Lfinh tfl cac tinh mien nui pMa Bac dfi'n Tay Nguygn, trong dd Dak Lak dflgc coi la mfit trong dia ban cMiih ma ngfldi Mong Tm lfinh lya chgn ldm noi as tru va smh song.
1. Stf di tru v a p b a n bo d a n ctf c u a ngtfdi Mong d D a k Lak
Ding bao Mdng cd mat d Tay Nguyfin tfl giifa nhitog nam 80 cua t h i ky tnfdc vdi so Itfgng ban dfiu rat it*^', nhuhg tQ nhitog nam 1990 trd lai dfiy, do nMlu nguyfin
nhan, xufit Men nhOhg ian sdng ffi cQ ty do I at Clia d&ng bao dan tgc tMlu sfi' pMa Bae dfi'n Tay Nguygn cbii ye'u qufin efl d Dak Lak'2^ kMe'n n h a n khau dong bfio Mfing ndi cbung, Mdng Tin Lanh ndi rifing tang Ifin rat nhanh, trd thfinh mgt cgng ding cfl dan tfldng doi dong, duhg tbfl 10 ve dfin s l d dia bfin nay*^'. Kfi't qua t i n g ffieu tra ddn so va nha d nam 2009 cho thay, tinh Dak Ldk cd 5.226 hp/29.375 khau ngtfdi Mong, sinh s i n g tai 45 thdn, bu5n/19 xa thupe 8 huyfin, dfi t u l i tfl 15 tuli trd Ifin chie'm khoang 53 %, toan lag diu lfi dan ffi ctf tfl do dfi'n tfl cac tinh m i l n nui phia Bac, ma nMeu nhat lfi tfl cac linh Hd Giang, Ldo Cai, Yfin Bai, Tuyfin Quang va Sdn La, v.v.
Ngfldi Mong d cac tanh mien nui pMa Bae ffi ctf den tiia bfin tinh Dfik Lak vfio nMlu thdi ffiim, dd la nam 1986, thyc Men cMe'n Itfffc phan b l lai lao dpng va dan ctf trfin ca ntfdc, lan dfiu tifin mdt bd phan chtfa dfing ke d&ng bdo Mdng (khoang 200 ngfldi) thufic tinh Hofing Lien Sffn (cu) ffi cfl vao Dak Lak Iam dn sinh song. Tifi'p dd, ed nMeu nhdm nghe theo hg hang i^tfdi than ffi cfl t y do rai rac ttfng nhdm nhd le, mang tinh chai thdm tib, the ngMem, dd la giai doan nhOhg ndm 1986 dfi'n 1990. T i n g so ngtfdi Mdng ffi cfl den Tdy Nguyfin giai
*Dodn Sflc Phuong, NCS Hpc Vign Khoa hoc Xa hpi, Vign Hdn ldm KHXH Vigt Nam
Dodn Dtic Phtiang - Mot so vdn de ve sti di tru vd phdn bd ddn cti... 81 doan nay cM vao khoang gan 2000 n ^ d i ,
va todn vung Tay Nguyfin luc dd cM cd tinh Dak Lak (bao gom ca Dak Nfing Mfin nay) la cd ngfloi Mdng sinh sd'ng. Tuy nMfin, cM 10 nam sau dd (tfl nam 1992 de'n nam 2002), hien tfltfng ngfldi Mdng ffi cd ty do de.n Tay Nguyen trd nfin dot bifi'n, thanh cao trao, Men tugng, ffinh ffiem Id trong vbng 5 nam tfl nam 1994 den nam 1998, trung bmh mdi nam cd 619 hg/ 3.321 khfiu ngtfdi Mflng de'n Tay Nguyen, xep thfl 3 ve s l Iflffng, chi sau d i n g bao Tay va Nung.
Ngoai tinh Dak Ldk la chii ye'u, thi tinh Gia Lai, Lfim Ding ciing cd nMlu ngfldi Mfing ffi cfl tfl do dfi'n nhap cfl. I l n h trang ffi cfl ty do cua ngfldi Mfing dfi'n Tay Nguyfin chi cham lai vao thdi ffiim nam 2002 bdi chlnh sach ban c h l cua ehinh quyen tiia pbuffng eae tinh Tay Nguyfin, song doi vdi tinb Dak Lak tM s l Iflffng ngfldi Mdng ffi cu dfi'n vfin khfing be giam'*^.
Cd the ndi, ffi cfl ty do lfi Men tflgng xa hfli khach quan, mang tinb ty nhien, gan Uen vdi lieh sfl, phong tuc tap qudn ciia dong bfio Mfing, qufi trinh ngfldi Mdng ffi cfl tfl do den Tay Nguyfin da tae dgng ea ticb cUc vd tieu cQc doi vdi sU phat triln eiia ea vting da^t nay. Ve mdt tich eye, sU ed mat cua ngudi Mdng d Tay Nguyfin lam tang nguon Iao dpng, tidp itog nguon nhan lyc de khai thac tiem nang t h i manh eua vung.
Khao sat thUc te' cho thay, mpt bfi phan nbd ngtfdi Mfing cd mat iau nam d Dak Ldk Id ffi cfl theo chinh sach Mnh tfi' mdi, ffi dan tbeo ke hoach cua nhd ntfdc. Id can bfl cdng chflc, bp dfii de'n cdng tdc hodc bet thdi gian phuc vu d lai lap nghiep. Nguyfin nhan cua vific ngay cang nhilu ngUdi Mdng ffi ctf den Tay Nguyen la vi lyy do Mnh t l . Ke't qua khao sat ve ngtfdi Mong ffi ctf ty do de'n Tay Nguyen cbo thay, ed den 90 % s l ngtfdi
dflgc phong van cho bifi't d que cu moi gia dinb chi cd 1 dfi'n 2 ddm ntfcmg nhd, nen khdng cd dfit san xuat, tMfi'u cong dn vigc lam ngn hg ffi ctf den Tdy Nguyen vi cd nMeu dat, cd cd hfii lfim an tfi't hdn d nguyfin quan. Ngofii ra, cd mot bg phan ngtfdi Mong di ctf dg'n Tay Nguyen vi muc ffich tdn giao*^'. Hg nghe theo ldi lfla gat, xtii giuc ciia nhitog ddi ttfgng cam dau
"Vdng Trii" tuyen truyen rdng, vfio Tay Nguyen ngfldi Mong se cd nhilu rtfng de san ban, cd nMeu dfit dai d l lam giau vfi tU do sinh boat dao Tin Lanh'^^. Nhfl vfiy, phfin nhieu ngUdi Mfing dfi'n Tfiy Nguygn la de Iam Mnh t l mdi, tdng thu nhap nen hg tap trung sflc lyc, tri tufi d l tiau tfl phat trien san xua't, gdp phan thuc day sU phat trien Mnh te cua dia phfldng. Ngfldi Mfing cd mat ngay cdng ddng da tao nfin sy da dang thanh pban dan tdc d vung Tay Nguyfin ndi cbung va Dak Ldk ndi rifing, thuc day giao lUfl tifi'p xuc v l mat Mnh te, van hda, xa hfii eiia eac dfin tfie. Tuy nhifin, van d l ngfldi Mfing ffi cfl tfl do dfi'n Dak Lak cung cd khong it tae dfing tifiu cyc nbfl, gay khd khan cho cMnh quyen cdc cap tinh Dak Lak ve quy hoach de bo tri tai dinh c\i cho dan tfl nhflhg ndm trtfde, khd khdn cho cdng tfie quan lyy Nhd nudc v l dat dai, an ninh trat ttf, ve nhdn bg khau, v.v.
Vung ctf tru ciia ngtfdi Mdng d Dak Lak rat xa trung tam do thi. Nguyfin nban dfin de'n sy pban bo nay la bdi xuat phat tfl ddc tinb ddn tflc cua hg, thtfdng ctf tni d vung nui cao heo ldnh tUdng doi cd lap vdi ben ngodi, thfim nfla la khi ffi ctf ttf do de'n Tay Nguyen, ban dau hg khong dtfdc sy ddn nhan cua cpng dong ctf ddn ban dia nen bau het ngtfdi Mfing de'n Tdy Nguyen ndi chung, Ddk Lak ndi rieng deu ctf tni theo ddng tpc, theo cfing d&ng ciia dan toe d vting
82 Nghiin ciht Ddng Nam A, sd 10/2015
sau, vtmg xa vfla phu hffp vdi dae tinh dan tgc, d&ng thdi tranh dflffc sfl phat Men, can tMgp cua chinh quyen tiia phfldng, cung nhfl la sy tranh chap vdi cfl dfin ban dia.
Khao sat thflc te tai Dak Lak cho thay, gan 100 % ngfldi Mfing ffi efl tfl do de'n Dak Lak chu yfi'u theo quy md hg gia dinh, phan ldn cac hfi cd 2 t h i he, cd mdt so hd cd 4 the hfi.
Cac hfi ffi cfl ty do thfldng cd moi quan he vdi ngfldi than, ban be d Ddk Ldk, qua mdi quan hfi nay, hg Meu v l cupc sfi'ng d vung tiat mffi cd nhilu thuan lffi hdn d que cu, lai dugc sfl khuyin kMch eua ngfldi than vfi sy dong thufin ciia ca gia dtoh, hg quyfi't dinh ffi cfl den vung dat mdi vfi d day hg song nfldng tya vao nhau, nfin citog nhfl d qud cu, tmh cpng dong theo ddng hg, dan tdc cua ngudi Mong d Ddk Lak rat cao.
Trai qua qua trinh gan 30 nam ffi tru d Tdy Nguyfin, Men cgng d i n g Mdng cd 3 Mnh thflc cfl tru la hg sd'ng d khu tian cfl tap trung, do chinh quyen dia phUffng dau tfl, xay dung eac du an phat t r i l n Mnh t l - xa bgi, hinh thfle nfiy p h i biln d bd pban da vao tfl nhilu ndm. Hinh thfle thfl hai Id bfl phan dan cfl mdi dg'n, cd ffieu Mgn tdi cMnh, tfl thda thuan vdi ding bfio dan tdc thilu s l ban dia sang nhflffng dat t h i cfl, dat san xufit cbo hg, hinh thanh khu ddn cU tap trung trfin dia ban cbung sd'ng vffi dong bao dan tge thilu sfi' ban dia. Hm hinb thflc nay cMem da so trong dan tgc Mfing (khoang 90%). Ngoai ra, cbn mfit bg phan chu yfi'u ngUdi Mfing la dan ffi efl tfl do mdi de'n, chfla cd vflng quy hoach, sflng d khu vflc tie'p gifip, hoac rtfng dau ngu&n, rifng dac dung, khu bao ton tMfin nMen efi'p qud'c gia nhtf tai dia ban xd Vu Bin, huyen Krdng Pac, thfin Giang Ddng, xa Ea Dab, huygn Krong Nang; budn Ea Buk, xa Ea So, huyfin Ea Kar... De cd dat san xuat.
cgng dong Mdng da gia tang tham gia chdt phfi rifng de Ifiy ddt dUhg nha, lfim nflcmg rdy, khdng nhflhg the hg cbn san bfit tbfl ritog... dan den tinh t r a n g suy giam ngMgm trgng dfi che phu rflng, anh hfldng tdi mfii trfldng sinh thfii.
Do vfiy, van d l dat ra la tien hdnh quan lyy banh cMnh dli vffi phan ldn so nhan khau ffi cfl ty do Men nay lfi rfit kbd kbdn, bdi cac hd ngfldi Mong d Ddk Lak deu thugc ffifin ddi nghfio, da sd chua dflgc nhap bg khfiu thfldng tni, chfla dfldc lay gifiiy chflhg nhan quyln sfl dung dat bgp phap va dac thu hffn la hg deu theo dao Tm Lanh, nfin chiu anh hfldng nMeu bdi tfin gifio hg theo, ngoai ra cdn chiu anh hfldng bdi tac ddng cua nhflhg truyen dao vifin thudc hfi phai Tin Ldnh khfic, nhitog truyen dao vien eua cac tfin gifio khfic nhU Cdng gifio dfi'n vung ngflffi Mdng d Dak Lak truyen dao.
Tinh trang ngfldi Mong ffi cfl ty do dg'n Dak Ldk ngdy mdt dong, viec on tiinh cho so dan ffi efl dfi'n d giai doan tnfdc (1996- 2010) chtfa xong, cgng vffi sd ddn ffi ctf tie'p tfl giai doan 2010 de'n nay, cang k h i l n cho tinh hinh Mnh t e ' - x a hfii Ddk Ldk cang thfim phflc tap. Mac du CMnh quyln tinh Ddk Ldk da cd nMeu bien phap, ldp nMeu dy an nham on dinb"', sfip xfi'p cudc sfi'ng cho sfl' dan ffi ctf tfl do nhfl lap 03 dtf dn on dinh dan ffi cfl ty do tai dia bdn huyfin Cfl M'Gar, Ea Kar, Krong Ndng, song vfiii dl on dinh cugc song cbo dan ffi cfl tfl do van la mfit bfii toan nan giai. Hifin s l ngfldi Mflng ffi cfl ty do chfla cd hd khau thtfdng tru tai Dak Lak v i n cbn nMeu. Nguyfin nhdn cua vfin d l nay khfing phfii do cMnb quyen cd sd, co quan cd tham quyen khdng tich cue trong viec lam thu tuc ddng k^
tam tru, cap chflhg minh thtf cho ngtfdi
Dodn Dtic Phuang - Mot sdvdn di ve su di tru vd phdn bo ddn cti... 83 dan, ma bffi so Iflffng ngfldi Mdng d cac
linh mien nfli pMa Bac t m tbeo sy ru rfi, ldi keo cua hg hfing anh em ma tU ffi ctf dfi'n Ddk Lak vfin ffifin ra ngdy mfit nMeu bffh, thfim vao dd lfi so' dfin ffi cfl dfin trtfde dd nhflhg t y y qufin cfl tai cfic vung da nam trong quy hoach cac dfl fin, nfin cd quan chflc nang chua the cap chiihg mmh thU, quan ly sat sao so' nhan khfiu nfiy.
Khao sat thyc te tai dia bfin cho tha'y, so' ngUdi Mdng chifa cd hd khau tai tfia phfldng edn cMem mdt ty lfi ldn, trong dd cfl mpt so' thdn, xa cd 100% ngfldi dan khfing cd hg khau nhfl cac thdn: Ea Rdt, xa Cfl Pui, huyfin Krfing Bdng (nam trong quy hoach du fin Ibng ho); budn H'Mdng, xa Ea kiet, huyen Cfl M'Gar; thfin Giang Dfing, xa Ea Dab, huyen Krfing Nang; xa Vu Bon, huyfin Krfing Pac. CMnh quyen dia phucmg da tifi'n hanh vfin dfing giai tda dong bao ra kbdi vimg dy an, de'n vung quy hoach, nhuhg hg chtfa nghe nen cd quan chflc nang tiia phucmg chtfa t b i cap hp khau thtfdng tru cho hg.
Cho dfi'n nay, nhuhg ndi dan cU ngtfffi Mfing efl tru da thanh lap dflffc t l chflc cMnh quyen, mdt tran vd cac doan the vd dan ffi vdo on dinh. Tai mgt so' khu vyc thudng bi cfi lap vao mua mfla lu, nay eo cau xi mang Men cfl' thuan lgi cho viec ffi lai cua ngtfdi dan, tao dgng lyc cho sfl pbdt trien Mnh te. O tinh Dak Lak eung ed mgt so ngtfdi Mdng tham gia vao bpi dong nban dfin cap xa, huyfin, va nhieu ngtfdi Mflng tham gia vao to cbflc chmh quyen, doan the chu yfi'u d cap buon, thfln.
2. C b u y e n b i e n t r o n g d d i so'ng t o n g i a o c u a ngtfdi M o n g T i n L a n h d t i n b D a k L a k
Dao Tin Lanb dtfffc truyen vdo Viet Nam
tfl nam 1911, nhtfng phai tffi ndm 1926, tbong qua mot mue sfl ngflffi Viet tfin la Hodng Trgng Thfla, cfic giao sy Tin Lanb mffi dfldc tifi'p xuc tiau tifin vffi ding bao cac tgc ngflffi tMeu so' d vung nui pMa Tdy Da NSng, sau dfl phat trien Ifin Tay Nguyfin ma bg ggi la "mgi Cfi Ld" '^'. Tuy thffi gian du nhap ehfla lau, song Dao Tin Ldnh da cd sflc lfli cuo'n manh me vdi mgt bp pban dong bdo Mdng, khifi'n hg cd t h i dflt bd tin ngfldhg truyen t h i n g v l n dn sfiu hfim rfi trong tam thflc bao dffi nay, d l tifinh cbo cbo niem tin mffi ngfl tri. Hoat ddng truyen dao Tin Lfinh trong ngfldi Mdng ngay cang dflgc day manh va md rdng, nhat la sau kM ed Chi thi 01/CT-TTg cua Thu tfldng CMnb phli ve mfit so cfing tac doi vdi dao Tm Ldnh. Trong kM cMnh quyen dia phtfdng cdn dang xem xet, cdc cM hdi Tin Lanb d nMeu ndi da to chfle cfiu nguyfin tfip trung d cac thfln ban mgt each cong khai. Khao sdt tbye te' cho thay, phan ldn ngUdi Mflng ffi cU ty do vdo Tay Nguyfin deu theo dao Tin Ldnh thugc cac he phai.
Tin Ldnh d Tay Nguyen la san pham eua Tin Lanb My, chu yeu tbupe "Tin Lanb cMnh thfl'ng" My, do cdc gifio si Hpi Truyen giao Phue Am Lifin hifip (CMA) truyen vao. Trong khi do. Tin lanb trong edng ding ngUdi Mdng dtfdc ggi la "Tin Lfinh Vang Trfl" '^', trong Kinb Thanh cung nhtf cac tai hfiu truyen dao va boat dgng truyen dao bang tie'ng Mflng, Cbua Gifi Su deu dtfdc gpi la "Vang TrQ Gifi Su".
Hdn nfla, do nghe, dgc va eau nguyen
"Vdng Trfl Gie Su" hdng ngay nen hinb anh Gie Su trd nen thifing Ufing va gan bd vdi d&ng bao ngfldi Mfing*^*^'. Khi ffi tru vao Tay Nguyfin, trong dd cd tinh Dak Lak, bg cung da mang theo ca "Tin ianh Vang Tni" ffieu nay lam cbo bflc tranh Tin ianh
84 Nghiin ctiu Ddng Nam A, sd 10/2015
d Tay Nguyfin cang thfim da dang va boat ddng tdn giao cd phfin phflc tap hdn.
Qua ngMgn cflu khao sfit ciia tfie gia cho thay, bau h i t dong bfio Mfing theo Tin Lanh kM d cfic tinh mien nui pMa Bfic diu theo "Tin Lanb Vang Trfl" vk sau kM ffi cfl ty do vao Tay Nguygn, tiep can va cMu tfie ddng Clia mdt so muc sfl, truyin dao cua Hgi Thanh Tin Lfinh ^^fit Nam (miln Nam) vfi hfi phfii Lifin HtfU eff dd'e, hp da nga theo hfi phfii nfiy mdt efich de dfing, khong can phai lam tbu tuc chuyln sang ma coi nhfl "cac tin bifu tan tbng". Mat kbac, cfic hfi phfii Tin Lanh bfing mgi bien phap canh tianh nhau qytyet hfit d l gianh gifit tin do, tao tinb Mnh phflc tap.
O Dak Lak, sd' ngfldi Mfing trfin toan tinb la 21.293 tin do thudc hai tfin giao la Tin Lanb vd Cdng Giao (81 hd/476 tin do), cbn lai la dao Tin Lanh (20.817 tin dd), sinh boat tai 80 ffiem nhdm dao Tin Lfinh, trong dd cd 14 ffiem nhdm duge cfing nhan, QQ ffiem nhdm chUa dflgc cflng nhan tfl each phdp nhan thugc 08 be phai, trong dd theo Hdi thanh Tin Ldnh Viet Nam (mien Nam) va Tin Ldnh Lifin HQu cff ddc cd 12 ngMn tin dl, vdi 56 ffiem nhdm. Trong doi sanh vffi cdc tinh khac d Tdy Nguyfin, vung Mdng cdn lai la: H n h Dak Ndng cd 13.304 tin do, trong dd theo Hgi thanh Tin lfinh Viet Nam (mien Nam) va Tin Lanh Lien HiJfu cff ddc cd 12.313 tin do, vffi 57 diem nhflm, trong do da cbo dang kyy sinb hoat d 17 ffiem nhdm; Trung doan 720 cd gan 3.000 ngflffi Mfing theo dao Tin Lfinh vdi 12 ffiem nhdm; Tinh Lam Ding cd 1.188 tin do, trong dd theo Hpi thdnh Tm ldnh Viht Nam (miln Nam) cd 4 ffiem nhdm, dd cho dang kyy sinh hoat ton giao 1 ffiim nhdm (thdn 4+5 xa Rflmen, buyen Dam Rfing). S l cdn lai theo cac bfi phai: Tin
Lanh Trtfdng Lao; Tin Lfinh Bfip tit Vifit Nam; Tin Lanh Truyen gifing phuc fim;
Lifin Hiih Bfip Tit; Hfi phfio Mennomte;
Phuc am dang Christ), v.v.
Cd the thay, sau kM bd phdn ngflffi Mfing Tin lanh tfl pMa Bfic ffi tru de'n Tay Nguyfin ndi chung va Dak Lak ndi rifing, ddi sfi'ng tfin gifio ciia hg cung cd nhiftig tbay doi nha't dinh, chiu sy tdc ddng rfi't nMeu tfl yfi'u to' "Tm Lanh cMnh tho'ng" d khu vflc nfiy. Cho nfin, s i n g d mfit mdi trfldng mffi, dffi sfi'ng kinh t l - x a hgi cbn gap nbieu khd khan, nfi'u khfing dflgc quan tam dung mflc va kip thffi, bg phan ngUffi Mdng Tin Lfinh d Tay Nguyfin ndi chung vfi Ddk Ldk ndi rieng rat dfi bi lgi dung ffi ngflffc vffi lgi ich chung ciia dan tfie; dong thdi, nhitog gia tri truyen tho'ng ciia ngflffi Mdng sd'ng d vung dat mffi cung se bi tac dfing rfit manh, tham cM lfi bi "bie'n dang meo md".
Nbi torn lqi. Dak Lak dflgc coi Id tinh cd vi tri cMfi'n Iflgc ca ve Mnh te - xa hpi, an ninh - quo'c phbng va van bda xa hdi cua Tay Nguyen, nfim trong tam giac phfit -trien bifin giffi 3 ntfdc CampucMa - Lfio -
Viet Nam. Cho nfin, stf ffi tru ciia ngUffi Mong Tin ldnh ddi vffi Tay Nguygn ndi chung va Dak Lak ndi ridng, mdt mat bo sung thgm nguon lflc eon ngflffi gdp pban khai thfic Meu qua hffn tiem nang cua khu vyc nay; mat khac, vffi tu cdch la nhuhg bg phan nguffi ffi cfl ty do, dia bfin tflffng doi phflc tap ve mat an nmh - qudc phbng, cho nfin cung dat ra cho nhitog nha quan ly nMeu van d l can phai giai quye't Ufin quan den vific phdt trien kinh te' - xa hdi, on dinh tiat ty xd hdi vd an ninh - qufi'e phbng trong vung, vd nhat Id quan ly vd giup dd nhOhg ngflffi Mfing Tin lanh d l bg sd'ng "tflt dffi dep dao" va khdng de hp bi eac t h i lyc bfin
Dodn Dtic Phuang - Mdt sd vdn de ve sti di tru vd phdn bd ddn cti... 85 ngoffi lffi dung kich dpng nham ehfi'ng phfi
cMnh quyln, gay bat on v l kmh te - xa bpi va an mnh - qud'c phbng d dia phflong. Cho nfin, kM ngflffi MSng Tin Ianh dfi'n sinh sing d vung dfit mffi, vifie on dinh cfing d&ng va phat t r i l n Mnh t l - x a hfii dol vdi bg phan cQ dan ndy cd y ngbia vo cung quan tigng de hg cd the ddng gdp tot hdn doi vffi sy phat trien va on dinh dia phflcfng nMn tfl kMa canh lau dai./.
CHU THICH
1. Xem Ndng Vdn Luu, Luan dn Phd Tien si KJioa ligc Triet hgc : cd mpt bp phan ngtfdi Mflng ttf dflng di cu tfl bien giffi pM'a Bfic vao Tay Nguygn sau chig'n tianh bifin gidi pMa Bfic thdng 2/1979, tr.9
2 Trtfde ndm 2004, Ddk Ldk bao gim ca Ddk Nong, md hi^n nay dong bao Mflng chfi ygu d Ddk Ldk vd Ddk Nong
3. Hien nay, trong so' 47 dan tpc d Tay Nguyen, dan tpc Mong dang d vi tri thfl 14 (ndm 2002) da vtfot lgn dflng vi tri thfl 10 ve dan sfl' (ndm 2013).
4. Tai ligu khao sdt cho thfiy: Giai doan 2002- 2008 cd so Itfgng ngtfdi Mflng ffi ctf ttf do din Dak Lak cao nhat, trung binb 1.526 ngtfdi/ ndm.
5. Dl lfli keo ngtfdi Mong tfl bo tin ngufling truyin thing dl theo dao Tin Ldnh, cac nhd truyen dao dd ding nhfit Chua, Dang Clfu T h i vdi Vdng Trfl, vi vua ma ngtfdi Mong tin Id cfitf tinh cfia ho. Trong Kinh Thdnh cung nhtf cdc tai Ugu tmyln dao va hoat dflng truyin dao bfing tie'ng Mflng, Chua Gig Su deu dtfgc gpi Id "Vang Tni Gig Su". Hon nfla, do nghe, dpc vd cau nguygn
"Vang Tni Gig Su" hang ngdy nen hinh anh Gig Su trd ngn tMflng Ueng va gfin bo vdi dong bdo ngtfdi Mflng
6. Nguyin Van Thfing, Su tuang dong trong cdch phdn ting cda ngudi H'mdng d Viit
Nam ud ngiidi Mieu d Trung Quoc udi dnh hiidng cua Ki-td gido. Tap chi Ddn tflc hpc, s l 5 (183), 2013, tr. 69-70
7. Tinh den nam 2006, tfl nguon vfl'n cfia Trung tfdng, tinh Ddk Ldk dd dfiu ttf hon 8 ti ding de xay dtfng mpt so cflng trinh co sd ha tfing phuc vu san xufit vd dffi sing cua vting dong bao dan tpc Mflng, sfip xe'p 16 ffiem dan ctf, gom 1.716 hfl vdi 9.491 nhdn khau on dinh (dat 57,96% so hp dong bdo Mflng toan tinh). Trong dd, huygn Krong Bflng da ldp 2 dtf dn tai Ctf Jang banh (xa Ctf Dram) vd Ea Blang (xa Ctf lui), sfip xep on dinh cho 859 hfl vdi 5.490 nhdn khfiu, Huygn M' Ddk dd thtfc hign DCDC, sfip xg'p fl'n dinh cho 770 hfl vdi 4.338 nhan khau. Den nay, da sfip x ^ on dinh dtfpc 9/13 thon d cac xa Krong A, Ctf Drofi vd Ea Trang.
8. Nguygn Van Thang, Gifl "Ly cu" hay theo
"Ly Mdi"? - Ban chat cua nhiihg cdch phan flng khac nhau cua ngtfdi H'mong d Viet Nam vdi anh htfdng cfia dao Tin Ldnh, Nxb Khoa hpc Xa hpi, 2009, tr.92 9. Thudt ngfl nay dtfpc sfl dung dl nfli tdi hign
ttfpng ton giao xua't hign trong ddn toe Mflng d cdc tinh Tdy Bdc ntfdc ta nhifng ndm 1987 den 1990. Thudt ngif Vdng Trti xuat hien trtfde het do ddi FEBC ngu ra de tuygn truyen dao vdo ngtfdi Mflng, Theo cdc ngMen cflu, khai niem Vdng Trti dtfgc hinh thdnh tren cd sd khdi mfim Vangx (Vua, VtfOng) cfia ngtfdi Mflng. Tgn gpi Vangx Tsiir (Vua chu, VtfOng chu) hay Vangx Tsiir Ntux- "Vua chu trdi" ra ddi nhfim Mong hfla Dflc chua trdi vdi ong vua trong lich sfi:
hay trong huyen thoai cfia ngtfdi Mong, de tfl do kgu gpi, hil dpa dan tpc ndy phai theo Vdng Trti nhtf theo vi vua mdi cua minh, hy vpng sau nay dtfgc htfdng hanh phiic.
Thtfc chfit, Vdng Trti la phtfcmg thflc mtfdn v6 bl ngodi dl cac nha truyen dao Tin Ldnh dtfa ton giao ndy xdm nhdp vdo dan tflc Mflng dg dang. Ban chfit cfia Vdng Trfl Id dao Tin Ldnh.
10. Nguyin Van Thdng, Giti "Ly cu" hay theo
"Ly Mdi"'^ - Bdn chdt cda nhting cdch phdn ting khdc nhau cua ngiidi Hmdng d Viet Nam vdi dnh hudng cua dqo Tin Ldnh, Nxb Khoa hoc Xa hoi, 2009, tr. 81,