C A M QUAN THCa GIAN T R O N G T H O TU XU'ONG
TRUONG HOANG VINH Tru&ng Dai hoc Tiin Giang T6N THAT DUNG Truang Dgi hgc Suphgm - Dgi hgc Hue
Tom tat: Bai viet chi tdp trung nghien cim vin dl thoi gian ngh? thu^t ttong tho Tu Xuong - mpt phuong dien cho den nay vin chua dupc quan tara thoa dang. Day chinh la nhan to quan trpng gdp phin bpc 16 ro ca tinh sang tgo va phong each dpc dao ciia thi nhan. Voi cam nhan thtri gian tuyen tinh, vdi cai nhin co tinh du cam ve thai gian va 16i cam thu thtri gian mang dgm ylu tl ca nhan ciia mpt cii toi thi dan day ban nga, Tu Xuong dS tgo nen "chat rieng" ttong tha minh.
1. Tii Xuang xudt hien nhu mgt Men tugng ddc ddo ttong thi dan nude ta cudi thi ki XIX. Tha dng thu hiit dugc ddng dao su quan tdm cua gidi nghien cuu, phe binh eung nhu cua cdng chiing yeu thich vdn hgc tir trudc den nay. Cac edng trinh nghien ciiu ve tha Tii Xuang, vdi nhieu hudng tilp can khac nhau, da cung cap eho ngudi dge hdm nay mdt eai rtiim phong phii, Iy thii vl hi?n tugng van hge tuang ddi phiic tap nay. Tiep ndi cae cdng trinh cua nhiing ngudi di trudc, chiing tdi dat van de nghien cuu phuang didn tiidi gian nghe thugt ttong tho Tii Xuang nhu mdt sy bd sung cin thilt nham cung cap mgt cai nhm toan dien hon ve sang tac ciia dng tir gdc nhin thi phap, hi vgng gdp them nhihig kiln giai mdi eho thiy ea tinh sang tgo cua nha tha cdng nhu phong each nghe thugt dde dao ciia tac gia.
2. Ben eanh quan niem nghe thuat ve con ngudi va khdng gian nghe thuat, vin de th&i gian nghi thudt cung la mgt phuong dien ttgng yeu dugc gidi nghien ciiu dde biet quan tam khi tiep can cdc hi^n tugng van hgc ttong tinh he thdng. Tilp can tha Tii Xuong, chiing tdi nhdn thay, tuang ling vdi cai nhin ve con ngudi, cam nhdn cua nha tha ve the gidi qua hinh thiie tdn tai ca ban cua nd - khdng gian va thdi gian - the hien rd cd tinh sang tao ciia ehu the. Dgc biet, ttong each cam thu thdi gian giua Tu Xuong so vdi eac nha nho trudc va cung thdi, chiing tdi nhdn thay vua ed nhilu net tuong ddng (song khdng hoan toan ddng nhit), lgi vua cd nhirng net khac biet.
2.1. Thff Tii Xuffng vdi nhirng net ridng trong cam quan thdi gian tuin hoan va thoi gian ddi ngirdi ngan ngiii
La mgt nha nho, cam quan thdi gian ciia Tu Xuong dT nhien khdng khdi chju anh hudng bdi ldi tu duy cd tinh md hinh cua van hge cd tmng dgi, dilu ma nhilu nha ngMen ciiu ttong va ngoai nude da ed dip ban din. Dd la cdch tri giac th&i gian theo tuyin tinh ket hgp vdi each tri giac th&i gian theo chu kd, cdc huih thirc th&i gian vu tru bdt biin, th&i gian d&i ngu&i ngdn ngui... Tuy nhien, ngay d nhung md tiiirc chung nay, ta vdn nhdn ra net rieng ttong each cam thy chii quan ciia tirag tac gia.
Tap chi Khoa hpc va Giao dye, Tnr6ng Dai hoc Su pham Hui ISSN 1859-1612, S6 02(18)/2011:tt. 49-56
TRUONG HOANG VINH - TON THAT D I : N G
Tha Tii Xuang cd de cap den th&i gian tudn hodn: "Xudn di, xumi Igi vd cimg tdn"
(Dem xudn ttdi mua), th&i gian dai ngu&i ngdn ngin: "Ba muai mdt tudi dd bao choc"
(Gan tet than viec nhd)...; nhung so vdi cam nhdn cua Hd Xuan Huang, Nguyin Du hay Nguyen Khuyen, quan mem ciia Tii Xuong lgi bde lg rd nhiing net rieng ed tinh khu biet.
Nu sT hg Hd dudng nhu bge Id rd ve ngao ngan trudc cai vdng quay mudn thud eua tgo hda kM thdt Ien: "Ngdn ndi xudn di xudn Igi Igi - Mdnh tinh san si ti con con " (Ty tinh II). O Nguyen Khuyen, gdn vdi eai nhin thdi gian tudn hoan theo chu ky, dng ed mgt sd lugn^ phong phii sang tdc lien quan den cam hung tii thdi va budc diu ban tam d^t eau hdi ve "cdi Id gich vgn hdnh cua ddng chdy th&i gian bdt biin " [2, tt. 220] dy:
"Due vdn thien cdng lai phuc y?
Ddng phong diic vi tieu kha kha.' (Mudn hoi dng tgo c& sao dd di lgi tra Igi?
Gid ddng cUng vi thi md cie&i ha ha) (Dinh Hgi Nguyen dan - 1 )
Tii Xuan^ cung nhdn ra cai ddng chay Igng l€, diu nhip ay de rdi day dut ty vin: "Cd le ta ddu mdc miu ydng" (Dem xudn ttdi mua), dl td rd tiiai do chan ngan kM phai sdng mdi frong cai ttidng luan quan do: "Thdng be con con dd chdn cir" (Hdi mmh). Bilu hien nay cho thSy mgt quan mem sdng tich cue d thi nhdn. Thai dg cua dng trude thye tai da ngam bieu lg mdt sy phan khang ben ttong. Du ttong "Ngdu hirng" dng cd vilt:
"Sao bang di hgc ldm dng phdn - Tdi ruou sdm banh, sdng sira bo ", nhung each Igp ngdn ay ciing that diing nhu nhd tha Tii Md dd timg di ddm nhgn xet: "Tu Xuang ndi ddn vgy thdi, chu ai chdng biit dng ddu cd them ha minh ldm viic cho Tdy. Idm bdi bip, Idm hgng "thdi vd ich, sdng vdc d di. tdi vdc vi " di hu&ng chut miing dn miing udng cua no li" [10, tt. 35].
Nlu nhu Nguyin Khuyin bj am dnh bdi ddng thdi gian smh menh ddi ngudi ngdn ngui, kem tiieo hiitii anh cd tmh bidu tugng "mdi tdc bgc" xuit hidn nMlu lin ttong tha dng till Tu Xuang, ttong "Ngiu hung", lgi quan nidm:"Tram ndm tinh ddt hdn cdn ldu!".
Cd ai ngd ddng sau thai dg cd ve ngdng hay nhu dang diia cgt iy, Igi la mdt y nidm cd tinh muc dich rd rang: "Sdng ldu (...) di xem cugc chuyin vdn!" (Tu ttao). Thyc chit, cai nhin ve sy hiSn dien cua ddi ngudi ttong kilp sdng d Tu Xuang hoan toan khdc Nguyen Khuyin, bdi dng nhin tiidng vao thyc tai. Sy tdn tai ddi vdi dng bing nghTa dng da sdng nhu the nao va Iam dugc nhung gi ttong tiidi budi dy, tir dd ma cau chuydn
"trdm ndm " - dai ngie&i ttong tiia Tii Xuong da ttd nen khae hdn: "Hdi ra quan dy dn luang va - Dem chuyin trdm ndm gid Igi bdn " (Lam quan tai nha), "Mdt viec vdn chieang thdi cUng nhdm - Tram ndm thdn the cd ra gi? " (Budn tM hdng). Nlu hai tiing
"ttdm ndm" frong tiia Xuan Huong Id dl ndi din "Cdi nghia trdm ndm chdng nh&
chira" (Khdng chdng ma chua), ttong tiio Nguyin Du la dl nhdc din "huang lira ba sinh", den su tiiuy ehung toan ven: "Trdm nam tgc mgt chir ddng din xuang" (Tniy?n
CAM QUAN THdl GIAN TRONG THO TU XUONG
Kieu), thi den Tu Xuong, dng Iai dya vao dd de phd bay mdt Men thyc khac: "Ra duang ddng gid ngu&i trinh thuc - ... Tram ndm trdm tudi Igi trdm chdng!" (De vg choi nhdng). Tu dd, cd the Meu, vi sao dng cdn cd thai do ciia mdt ngudi sdng ttong hien tai, y thiie dugc ihdi gian ngan ngui chdng tan, nhung lai "khdng thuang xdt vd cd niu keo thuc tgi nhu Hd Xudn Hucmg. cdng khdng tranh thu hu&ng thu nhu Nguyin Cdng Tru vd khdng "vgi vdng" sdng gdp nhu cdc nhd Tha mat sau ndy, md chi "ngodi vdng cuang tda thdnh thai", ung dung tu tgi nhdn ddt nhu cdc nhd Nho dn ddt" [3, fr. 181].
Tit nMen, ttong tha Tii Xucmg, ta vdn thiy rd ldi sdng hudng lgc gan vdi kieu "con ngu&i truat chudn " ; nhung quan mem ve hudng lac giira Tii Xuong va Nguyen Cdng Tni Igi rdt khac nhau. Nguyin Cdng Tni tir chd y thue eude ddi ngdn ngiii dd tim each lara chu thdi gian va cd ging tan hudng nd ttong hien tgi. Tinh than Men sinh ay the hien rd net qua eac bai "Choi xuan keo het xuan di", "Trong trin miy mat lang choi",
"Kilp nhdn sinh"... 6 Tii Xuong, mgt mat, trudc sy tac ddng cua xd hgi thi thdnh diy cam dd edng vdi cai nhin day bat man trudc thyc tgi, dng da khdng khdi chiu su ldi keo ma tim den nhirng thu vui ed lue tudng nhu quen minh, nhung thyc chdt, dung nhu nha nghien ciiu Nguyin Ldc tirag nhdn xet, thi nhdn khdng nang su an choi cua minh Ien thaitii "triit li sdng", thanh "muc dich sdng", eiing nhu khdng bao gid td ra thda man thye sy khi ndi den an chai. Tdm sy cua nha nho Vi Xuyen ndm d chd khac:
"Bai vi ndi nuac nin ra sue Bao qudn phong trdn mdnh do dan "
(Viitii tdt nude) Nhung:
"Hdi nguai chi thdy non xanh ngdt Dai nuac cdng them toe bgc pha"
(Lac dudng)
Vi vay, se la radt thilu sdt Idn nlu khdng thiy duge tin bi kich ttong bl sau con ngudi hudng lac iy. Trong mdt Tu Xuang "Cao ldu thu&ng an.quyt- Thd ^ lgi chai lu&ng", cdn i n kin mdt eon ngudi khae: eon ngudi vdi mdt ndi ldng dau dau ve van nude thudng true mdi lue dem ve.
2.2. "Ddm" - bilu tugng khdng - thdi gian tam trang trong thff Tii Xuong Hd Giang Long ttong "Thi phap tho Tii Xuong" dd cd de cap den "khdng gian dem tdi"
nhu mdt hinh tinic khdng gian ddi tu, ddng thdi nhu mdt an du frong tiia Tu Xuang: "Hinh dnh bdng dem trong tha dng Idm ta lien tu&ng den xd hdi bi tdc khdng ldi thodt liic bdy gia" [4, tt. 86]. Song, chung tdi nhdn thiy ring, hinh ttigng "dem"
frong tha Tii Xuang khdng chi gdn vdi y mem khdng gian, ma nd edn mang frong minh nhflng gid trj. y nghTa thai gian thdm my. Vl vdy, mdt each hgp li hon ed the ggi "dem"
ttong tho Tii Xuang la radt biiu tirang khdng - th&i gian.
TRUONG HOANG VINH - TON THAT DL'NG
Thye ehit, hai phgm ttn thdi gian va khdng gian vdn cd mdi quan he, nhdt la ttong sang tgo vdn hge nghe thudt [I]. Khdng phai Iiic nao ciing ed tiid tach bgch rd rang gidi hgn giua khdng gian va thdi gian ttong cac sang tac, ddc biet la sang tdc cua cac nha tha thdi ttnng dgi. Chdng hgn, d Nguyin Khuyin, "-y thirc di tim th&i gian dd mdt" - th&i gian qud khu - trong tha dng thi hiin qua nhirng phi tich bia, chiia, din miiu, tuc th&i gian ddc trung ndy gdn v&i mgt khgng gian ddc trung mang rd tinh quan niim ciia Nguyin Khuyin " [2, tt. 202]. Hay trudng hgp "dem" frong tha Tu Xuong eung la mdt thi du dien hinh. "Dem" xuat hien nhu mdt y tugng frong cam hiing sang tao cua tin nhan:
"Bern ndo dim nao t& cUng budn ". Ci eac bai nhu "Dem budn", "Dg hoai"... ta edn thay ro xuc cam cua thi nhan md hda vao "dem". "Dem" ttong tha Td Xuong, vi vdy, ngMdm nMen ttd thanh mdt tt'n hieu thim ray ddc dao chd ngudi dgc gidi md.
Thudng trong cam thuc ddn gian, "dem" hay ggi ndi nhd: "Dim nam lan tra tha than - Nira dim nha bdu hai hdng Itry sa ", hoae ndi sau budn, tuong tu: "Dim nam ta tu&ng tie&ng ta - Chiim bao thdy bdu, day ra chiiu khdng". Trong tha cd, "dem dai" lgi ttd thanh mgt bieu tugng mang tinh udc le, tugng trung. Dd la "Dim truang dg toi tdm tr&i ddt" ttong tha Nguyin Du, la "Dem dai" ngy chi tinh hinh den tdi cua xd hdi ttong tha Tir Dien D6ng:'Dim sao dim mdi tdi md md - Dim den bao gi& m&i sdng cho"...
Nhung den "dem" ttong tho Tu Xuong thi nd khdng cdn la khdng - thdi gian vdt li nhu ttong tha ca ddn gian, cung khdng cdn la khdng gian, thdi gian cd tinh udc le sao mdn ttong tiia cd. "Dem" ttong tha Tii Xuong da gdn chgt vdi hi^n thuc tam li, dd la nhQng
"D£m budn", la "tdm sy ndm canh mdt ngon den" gin vdi "Dg hoai"... bge Id ro net tdm ttgng eua ehu the cam thy, the hien mdt net khac la ttong cam nhdn vl thdi gian cua Tu Xiron^ - nghieng sang pham tru cua kilu tu duy tha hien dgi, ma sau nay ta cdn ggp lai phd biln ttong Tha mdi. Chdng han, d "Budn dem mua" cua Huy Can:
"Dim mua ldm nha khdng gian Ldng run thim lanh ndi hdn bao la Tai nuang gigt nu&c mdi nhd Nghe trai ndng ngng, nghe ta budn budn "
Thyc chat ndi budn tir ttong tho Nguyin Khuyin, Tu Xucmg, eho din cd Tho mdi diu CO chung mdt nguyen nhdn, xudt phat tii tam thi cua ngudi dan ttong thdi dai mit nude.
Tat nhien, tiiai dd vd bieu hien gdn vdi quan nidm cua timg ca nhdn cd khac nhau. Ta bat gdp mgt Nguyin Khuyin sau nao, myet vgng ttong dau khd vi bit luc va bl tdc; mgt Tu Xuong than xdc "ndm a phia tdi nhtmg hdn thi nhdn Igi thugc vi ngudn sdng" [4, tt.
87], ludn Iudn chd dgi mdt dilu gi dd cdn chua din d tuong Iai; eae tiii sT Tha mdi thi lin trdn tiiyc tgi va tim vao mdng nhu mgt sy phan ung ttndc thdi thi kM hg cdn chua bit gdp dnh sang li ttrdng each mang. Nhung ddng sau tit ca vin la nhflng cdi Idng dau ddu tiiiet tiia hudng ve dit nude. Cai budn "khdng hiiu vi sao tdi budn" cua thi nhan tien chien hay ndi u hoai mieii vidn "dim ndo dim nao ta cUng budn " ttong tha Tii Xuong, vi vdy, hoan toan cd till hilu va gidi thieh dugc.
CAM QUAN THdl GIAN TRONG THO TU XU'ONG
2.3. Thff Tu Xvffng vdi cam quan thai gian thurc tai
Nhin vao thuc tgi ma chan chudng, tuyet vgng, Nguyen Khuyen tim ve qua khir. Tha dng, vi the, nhu Iudn ehim ttong mgch cam hung "hoai cd", "hdi cd", "hdi thu", "ngoanh Iai",
"nhin lai"... Ngugc lai, ttong tho Tu Xucmg, thdi gian qua khu khdng dugc tac gia nhde den nMlu. Thdng hoae ttong cac sang tde eua dng ed de cap din hoai cd hay nhung ndm xua, thua tru&c, ngdy xua. ngdy tru&c... nhung khdng phai nha tha tim vl qua khti dl vin vdo nd va sdng trong dd nhu Nguyen Khuyen, raa tat ca dudng nhu cM de trinh bay mdt y niem rieng cua thi nhan ve thyc tgi: "Biit thdn thua truac di ldm qudch - Chdng ki, khdng thdng, cdng cgu bdi!" (Than ngheo), "Ong ba ngdy tru&c cd gi ddu - Chii thiem ngdy nay dd lgi gidu " (Mimg ehii lam nha). Phai ehang do vdy raa khi giai ma bai tho Sdng lap, Trdn Dinh Su da nhdn dinh: "Ong hodi cd tru&c mdt di tich sinh hogt nhu sdng Ldp, tiec sdng Vi Hodng di cdm su biin ddi han Id nha tiec " [6, fr. 224]?
D I itiian thiy nhit ttong tha Tu Xucmg van la thdi gian thyc tai gdn vdi nhung bien cd, sy kien eu the, cd the tgm ggi la "th&i gian su hen ", va tuong irng vdi nd la "khdng gian thi sy" hay "khdng gian trdn tuc". Thudng ggp frong tha dng la nhung cum tu xac djnh thdi gian cu the nhu "ngdy nay", "khoa ndy", "ndm ndy", "nam nay", "Idu nay",
"budi bgc tinh", "ddu ndm". "ba ngdy tit"... hay cd kM thdi gian cdn duge tac gia xac dinh ro d ngay tua de bai tha : "Ndm m&i chiic nhau". "Hdng khoa Canh Ty", "Lut Binh Ngo". "Ngdy xudn cita Idng tha", "Gdn Tit than viec nhd". "Mdng 2 Tit viing cd Ki". "Xudn",... Va iing vdi timg thdi diem dy thudng la nhung su kien ndi bat mang tinh "cd vin dl". Chdng hgn nhu "khoa thi ndy" vdi su kien Bac cii Nhu - mgt nha ban thudc - dugc cCr Iam chu ki sa khao trudng Nara khoa Canh Ty:
"Sa khdo khoa ndy bdc cir Nhu That Id vira ddt lgi vira ngu Vdn chuang ndo phdi Id dan thudc Ch& cd khuyen xdng chit bd bu''
(Bac cii Nhu) Hodc la mdt sy thdt vl "dgo hgc" eua "ngdy nay ":
"Dgo hgc ngdy nay dd chdn rdi Muai ngu&i di hoc chin ngu&i thdi Cd hdng bdn sdch lim dim ngu Thdy khda tu luang nhap nhdm ngdi ST khi rut re gdphai cdo Vdn tne&ng liiu ITnh ddm dn xoi..."
(Than dgo hgc)
TRUCJNG HOANG VINH - TON THAT DU'NG
Qua dd, cd thi thiy ttong "khdng gian ttin tuc" va "thdi gian su ki?n" ay, ndi ro len mdt kieu "con ngtr&i khong sdng Igng le, chiim nghiim md hdi hd nhdp cugc. tgo ra mgt dg cdng tdm ly, ldm cho nguai doc cd cdm gidc vi mot sy bdt dn, motxd hdi hdn dgn, dang bi xdo trgn trgng qua trinh thi ddn hda" [9, tt. 384]. Bdng vide dua nghe thudt Xra vl vdi cudc sdng thudng nhgt cua con ngudi, theo nha nghien ciiu Nguyen Dinh Chii, 'T«
Xucmg xung ddng Id nhd tha tiin phong, cung Id nhd tha tiiu biiu nhdt trong viic viit vi ngudi thyc, vi0c thyc" [9, tt. 247].
Phuang tiiirc ta thyc cM tiet thyc chat da xuit hien kha phd bien ttong tha Nguyin Khuyin, song dieh hudng din eiia hai nha tha lai khac nhau. Nguyin Khuyen cung ndi din cai "bdy gia", "ngdy nay", "d&i nay", "ndm nay"..., dng ve Igi tit ea dudi con mit cua mgt ngudi chung kiln nhung de qua dd ma cam thuong, ma dau budn, ma khdc cudi Ian ldn. Vd lua chgn cudi cung, nhu da ndi, dng tim vag qua khir nhu mdt nai kha dT cd thd nuong ndu de ty an ui va gifl cho tdm thanh sgch. Trai Igi, Tii Xuong ddi mat vdi thue tgi nhilu nhuang, thdi nat i y dl ma phe phan, da kich, bdc frdn tit ea, ddng thdi cung la de ty trao. Nhu thi, eung diu la phan dnh hidn thyc, song tha Nguyin Khuyen thien vl cam hung tru tinh bdi chdt trfl tinh ttong tha dng dam ddc hem; ngugc lgi, tho Tii Xuong tMen vl cam hung trao phiing, bdi tinh chdt ttao long ttong tho dng rd net han.
2.4. Thdi gian tuyln tinh vd thdi gian mang tinh du- cam
Chgn mgt thdi dilm cu the nao do d hi^n tai dl tu tinh, cd ve nhu tha Tii Xucmg vdn cdn in dau each tu duy thdi gian theo cam quan tha ca cua eac nha Nho trudc dd bdi
"quan niem th&i gian tTnh tgi khien cdc nhd tha it khi mieu td tinh lien ti^c, ma thu&ng miiu td th&i diem. Trong bdi tha cd thi noi din cdc th&i diim khdc nhau, b&i da noi Id thai gian tTnh thi chgn mgt hay nhiiu th&i diim diu nhu nhau" [6, tt. 201]. Song, Tii Xuong khdng chi dimg Igi d kieu cam thy dd. Thdi gian tuyen tinh xuit hien nhu radt ddng cam hiing ndi bat ttong hang Iogt sang tac eua thi nhan cho thiy dd cd radt su ddi mdi nhdt dinh frong cam quan thdi gian cua tac gid. Cam hiing mdi me vl thdi gian nay da dugc cap eho mgt ten ggi la "cdm humg vi th&i gian sinh hoat con ngu&i tuyin tinh "
(Doan Hdng Nguyen).
6 mdt cdi nhm ehung, Tran Dinh Su nhgn dinh: "Trong tha Cao Bd Qudt, tha Nguyin Khuyin. Tu Xucmg chi ndi len mdt th&i gian keo ddi, khdng cd viin cdnh tuang lai. Bdi
"Dim ddi" cOa Tu Xuang bdo hiiu sy sdt rugt dai ch& thay ddi" [6, tt. 212-213]. Tuy vdy, khi xet rieng cam hiing tiidi gian ndi bdt d timg nha tho, chiing ta vin cd thi nhan ra net rieng d tirag phong each. Ndu nhu Nguyin Khuyin chi cd qud khii vd hudng vl qua khir (Bien Minh Diln), Nguyin Cdng Tni ddng khung ttong tiidi hien tai (Trin Dinh Su) thi d Tii Xucmg, eai nhm thdi gian myln tinh eua dng dudng nhu Iudn tdn tai mdt tdm mdt hudng nhin ve tuong lai: "Syc tinh trdng ra ngd sdng log", cho du ddi mat vdi thye tgi dng khdng khdi xdt xa, chan ngan: "Dim sao dim mdi thi ru md" (Dem dai). Song, dang quy hon ca la ehiit hi vpng mong manh d ngay mai i y ttong Tii Xuang khdng hi tan lyi: "Tdi ldu ldu cirng sdng ddn ra " (Gidi hdm). Nhung vi vdn la ngudi f
C.\M QUAN THCJl GIAN TRONG THO TU XU'ONG
thuc sau sdc su M?n tdn ban than ciing nhu thdy rd sy bit lye ciia ban thdn trudc thdi cudc nen dng da sdm cd dy cam ve cdi "ngdy mai" cua chinh minh:
"He mai ta hdng ta di ngay Gid tit tir day nha ldy ngdy "
(He raai td hdng)
Cd nhin thay nhtmg tia hy vgng nhd nhoi ben canh sy lua ehgn cudi cimg cua nha tha, ta radi thdu Men den tan cimg bi kich con ngudi Tu Xuang!
Cd the ndi, so vdi cam quan thdi gian frong sang tac eua eae nha nho trudc va eung thdi vdi Tu Xuang thi khdng dau bieu Men rd net nhirng lech chudn, pha each nhu frong tha ciia nha nho Vi Xuyen nay. Nguydn Khuyen my cd mdi me kM ndi den thdi gian chu ky vdi nhirng: xudn hdn, xudn benh. xudn sdu... nhung d dng vdn chua cd dugc mdt sy buc pha nhu Tu Xuong. Bieu tugng bdn mua Xuan, Hg, Thu, Ddng cimg hinh anh mai tdc bac cho thdy trudc sau Nguyen Khuyen van la nha tho cua quy pbam Trong tha Tu Xuong, ngugc Iai, ta thiy rtiia tha frao phung nay da thyc su thoat khdi nhung bleu tugng, udc le dd sdn mdn, va bdc Id rd nhflng net mdi me frong cam quan thdi gian - eai nhin thdi gian myen tinh ddi lap vdi cai nhin thdi gian tudn hoan, tTnh tai bat bien eua tha cd trudc dd va hudng cam nhdn thai gian in dam man sdc cd nhdn. Theo Tran Dinh Su, chinh "yiu to cdm thu cd nhdn ndy da Idm cho thai gian trgng tha da dgng vd bien doi ro net" [6, fr. 213]. Nhu vdy, cd the ndi, earn quan thdi gian frong tha Tii Xuang khdng chi la nhung "bien the" hay "lg hda" ldi cam thy cua tha tnmg dgi raa da cd hin mgt su thay ddi ve "chat". Sy bien ddi ay chinh la bieu hien eiia cMeu hudng tiem can vdi tinh hien dgi frong cam nhdn va sang tgo nghe thudt cua Tii Xuang.
3. Thdi gian nghe thudt ttong tha Tu Xucmg vdn la phuang dien chua dugc quan tdm thda dang trudc ddy. Qua khao sat, phan tich, ehiing tdi nhdn thiy ddy ehinh la mgt phuang dien gdp phin bdc Id ro ca tinb sang tao va phong each ddc dao cua tM nhdn.
Theo tMin nghT cua ngudi viet, tilp can tha ca cua cdc nha nho ndi chung va cua Tu Xuang ndi rieng ttong eai nhin tuong quan vdi Tha mdi eiing la dip de ta nhgn dien ro ban gid tti tha cd va nhiing ddng tich cue cua nd ttong tien trinh Men dgi hda van hgc van hgc Viet Nam. Va trong diln trinh cua ddng lich sie ki tuc (Phan Cdng Khanh), phai chdng kilu thdi gian Men thyc hang ngay ttong sang tac eua Nam Cao, hay kieu thai gian gin vdi cai nhin bao quat ve Men thye, ehu ttgng cai ngiu nMen, bdt thudng, ddy kich tinh ttong sang tac ciia Vu Trgng Phung, dd it nMeu cd tiln de tu ttong tha Tii Xuang vdi kieu th&i gian su kiin?
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
[1] A. Ja. Gurevich (1996). Cdc phgm trii vdn hda trung co. NXB Cjiao due.
[2] Bien Minh Dien (2008). Phong cdch nghe thugt Nguyin Khuyin. NXB E)gi hpc qudc gia Ha Npi.
[3] Doan Hong Nguyen (2010). Titer Tti Xucmg trong tiin trinh hien dgi hda vdn hoc Viet A'om.NXB Vanhpc.
TRUONG HOANG VINH - TON THAT DUNG
[4] H6 Giang Long (2006). Thi phdp tha Tii Xuang. NXB Van hpc.
[5] Phan Cong Khanh (2001). Lich sir tiip nhgn Truyen Kiiu. Tom tdt Ludn dn Tien sT Ngir vdn, DHSP TP. Ho Chi Minh.
[6] Trin Dinh Sii (2005). Thi phdp vdn hgc trung dgi Viet Nam. NXB DHQG Ha Npi.
[7] Trin Dinh Sii (2005). Gido trinh ddn lugn thi phdp hgc. NXB Giao due.
[8] Trin Dang SuyIn (2006). Nhd vdn - hien thuc ddi song vd cd tinh sdng tgo. NXB Vdn hpc.
[9] Tuin 'Thanh - Anh Vu (hiyln chpn) (2005). Tha Tii Xuang vd lot binh. NXB Vdn hpc. Ha Npi.
[10] Vu Tiln Quynh (tuyln chpn) (1999). Phe binh binh ludn vdn hgc - Tran Te Xucmg.
NXB Van nghe TP. H6 Chi Minh.
Title: SENSE OF TIME IN TU XUONG'S POETRY
Abstract: Tu Xuong's poeliy is a unique literature phenomenon in Vietnamese literary circles at the end of the nineteenth t:entury. In the scope of this wntmg, it only focuses on the research of the artistic time in Tu Xuong's poetry - an aspect which has not been properly researched before, Throughout the investigation, we recognized that it is the sense of time that reveals to his creative personality and his unique poetic style. Tu Xuong with his linear sense of time, the sight of time predictable and the sense of time fiill of himself individual, all have created a particular in his poems.
TRUONG HOANG VINH Truong Dai hpc Tien Giang
DT: 01694.546,025. Email: [email protected] TS. TON THAT DUNG
Phong Dao tao Dai hpc, Tmong D^i hpc Su pham - Dai hpc Hui
