HQI NGHI KHOA HQC TOAN QU6C Vg SINH T H A I V A TAI N G U Y E N SINH VAT L A N THO" 5
KHA NANG KHANG NAM BENH TREN CAY LUA Ttr DICH CHIET CAY BIM BIM {Merremia eberhardtii)
NGUYEN BA TlT, MAI THJ NGOC LAN THANH, NGUYEN ANH D O N G , TRAN NGQC HCJNG, MANG THI THUY TIEN, TRAN NHAT LINK, NGUYEN THI DIEU LAM, PUJM THI NGOC MY Trudng Dgi hoc Thu Ddu Mgt Th\rc v§t xam lan (invasive plants) hay thuc vat ngoai lai nguy hai (invasive alien plants) vdn khong CO nguon goc ban dja, tuy nhien vdi nhiing mi th6 vugt trdi so vdi cac loai trong d sinh thai ve siic song cung nhu kha nang sinh san, cac loai th\rc vat xam lan hien da va dang gay ra nhGng de dpa nghiem trpng tren nhi6u binh di?n khac nhau: (1) Su thich nghi cao vdi cac diSu kien sinh thai thd nhudng khac nhau da giup th\rc vat ngoai lai ISn chiem dat ndng nghiep lam giam dien tich dat trdng; (2) s\r uu the ve dinh dudng, sir che tSm anh sang cung nhu kha nang gay that ngh?n cua mgt sd loai thyc v^t day leo nhu bim bim da lam tdn thucmg cac loai thuc vat khac trong cung d sinh thai; (3) va cudi ciing, mpt h? qua quan trpng nhat chinh la nguy ccr mat di tinh da d^ng sinh hpc trong cac h? sinh thai nai cd cac loai thuc v|it ngoai lai sinh sdng.
Bim bim {Merremia eberhardtii (Gagnep.) T. N. Nguyen) la loai than leo cSy gd sdng lau nSm thupc hp Khoai lang (Bim bim-ConvoIvulaceae). Loai nay chii yeu phan bd d khu virc Chau A nhu Indonesia, Malaysia, Lao, Vi?t Nam va Trung Qudc. Ve mgt ngudn goc, loai nay dirpc ghi nhgn d4u tien d vung khi hgu nhi?t ddi dao Hai Nam (Hainan Island), Khu TM' tri dan tgc Choang (Quang Tay), Van Nam v^ viing Guangzhou (thudc Quang Ddng Trung Qudc), d dp cao tir 100-1500m so vdi mgt nude bien (theo Wang vacs., 2005). Bim bim vdn dupe trong lam canh vi khdng dupe xem la thyc vgt xam ISn cho d^n dSu nam 1994 khi mpt so Ioai trong chi n^y nhu Merremia eberhardtii va M. boislana (Gagnep.) Ooststr da xam chiem hau nhu toan bp khu riing Longyandong (thupc Quang Ddng, Trung Qudc) va gay nen s^r suy giam da dang sinh hpc nghifim trpng d cac khu v\rc cd bim bim sinh sdng. Bim bim leo de len cay rung va che phCi loin bp, s\r gia tSng mgt dp, sy that nghen va che anh sang chinh la nguyen nhan lam toan bp he thyc vgt ben dudi bj tieu di?t (theo Wang vd cs.. 2005). Dac biet, loai nay cd cudng dp quang hpp rat cao va thgm chi cdn cao hon loai Mikania micrantha Kunth (mdt loai thuc vat xam lan nguy hiem vao bac nhat hien nay, theo Li va cs., 2006).
Tac hgi ciia Bim bim cdn tram trpng hon bSt cu mdt loai day leo nao trong riing nhi?t ddi, vi hau hel cac loai day leo khac cd the ciing sdng chung mpt each hda binh vdi cay gd con bim bim thi khdng (theo Wang vd cs., 2005). Chinh vi vay, loai nay cd biet danh "Sat thii kieu mpc (a forest killer) [9]. Bim bim bam va phii xuyen qua canh, la va than cay gd, chung chdng chat len nhau khoang I-1,3m (theo Li vacs., 2009), loai nay cdn khdng ch§ sir tai sinh cua cac trang CO va trang cay h\\\ t\f nhien (Sim, Mua...), tir dd da ngan chan sy diln the phuc hdi.
Bim bim da du nhap vao Vi?t Nam khoang vai chuc nam nay va phan bd rai rac d mpt sd tinh mien BSc nhu Lao Cai (Sa Pa), Lang Sorn, Quang Ninh va dgc bipt la mien Trung bao gdm Thira Thien Hul va Da Ning. Hien chi Bim bim d Vipt Nam da ghi nhan cd 17 loai va 3 thd (theo N. N. Thin vd cs.. 2005) trong do nguy hiem nhat la hai loai Merremia boisiana va Merremia eberhardtii. Mpt trong nhimg dgc diem chinh giiip Bim bim cd the sinh trudng uu the trong mdi trudng ty nhien dd chinh la kha nang khang nam b?nh ciia loai nay rat rpng. Nghien ciru ciia Pan vd cs. (2008) [6] cho thay djch chiet cua loai Merremia boisiana cd kha nang khang nhieu loai nSm b?nh tren cay trong nhu Peronophihora lilchii (nSm gay bpnh nhun trai
HQI NGHI KHOA HQC T O A N Q U O C V £ SINH T H A I V A T A I N G U Y S N SINH VAT L A N T H O ' 5 tren cay vai, diia; bge la tren cay lua, chuoi), Phytophthora melonis (nam gay b|nh nhiin trai tren cay dua leo), Mamoporthe grisea (nam gay benh dao on tren cay liia), Rhizoctonia solani (nam gay benh khd van tr8n cay lua, b^nh heo la d cay khoai tay) va Colletotrichum musae (nam gay benh than thu tren cay chudi) vdi hi^u qua lan lu<?t ia 100%, 100%, 98,48%, 70,49%
va 55,88%. Tir kha nang khang nam phd rpng cCia djch chiet cac loai Bim bim hi?n biet, neu t^n dyng va khai thae tdt loai thyc vgt xam lan nay thi cd the "bien nguy ca thanh tai nguyen".
Trong bai bao nay, chiing tdi cdng bo mpt sd ket qua ve kha nang khang mpt so chiing nam bpnh tren cay lua tir djch chiSt loai bim bim Merremia eberhardtii
I. VAT LIEU VA PHU'OfNG PHAP NGHIEN ClTU
Thu djch chiet: 1kg bp phan cay Bim bim, xay nhuyen va cho UjO vko cho du 5 lit H2O, Ipc qua giSy Ipc, thu djch lgc va Ipc qua film, bao quan d 4°C, dem dich chiet di khao sat vdi ck n6ng dp 50X1/4; 60xi/4; 70X1/4; 80X1/4; 90X1/4; 100X1/4.
Chiing nam b?nh: Pyricularla oryzae; Pyricularia solani; Colletotrichum capsici dupe nu6i tren mdi trudng PDA.
Tinh kha nang ixz ch6: Phan tram uc che dupe tinh theo cdng thdc H = (c-t) ^ 100/c (Pan va cs., 2008) {Trong do: H la phan tram uc che; c: Kich thudc vdng khuan lac doi chimg; t: Kich tliuOT;
vdng khuan lgc thi nghi?m).
Phan tich so li^u: Sd li^udupc phan tich bang chuang trinh Anova 5.01,2007 II. KtV QUA VA BAN LU4.N
\. Kha nang (re che sy sinh trirdng he sod nam trong moi trirdng nudi cay invitro 7.7. Anh htrcmg cua dich chiet tir mdu hoa len cdc chiing ndm
K6t qua dupe trinh bay trong bang 1 va bieu dd 1 cho thay: Djch chiet tir hoa deu cd tac dyng uc chg sy sinh trudng ciia cac chiing nam so vdi doi chumg. Trong dd, chiing Cl bj irc che cao nhat 97,36% tgi nong dp 80X1/4 (tire 20%) djch chi^t, tiep theo la chiing PI (77,78%) t^i ciing nong dp, cdn P2 ta 78,72% tai ndng dp 90X1/4. Ket qua nghien cuu ciia chiing tdi doi vdi chiing CI la cao han so vdi Pan vd cs. (2008) cung tren mpt loai Colleclotrichum muase cung chi vdi loai Colletotrichum capsici ciia chiing tdi. Cac chung nam khac nhau chju ap lyc bdi djch chiet khac nhau. Trongdd, chCingCl bj irc che manh hon so vdi hai chiing PI vaP2. Ket quanghifinciruc6n chi ra rang, tgi nong dp qua thap (50X1/4) hay qua cao (100X1/4) thi khi n3ng irc che cua djch chet tuong ddi kem nhung deu han 50%. Ket qua tieu ban hien vi cho thay tai nong dp qui cao thi h? spi nim cd xu hudng ngay Igp tire trd thanh bao tir de duy tri ndi gidng (hmh 3).
Bdngl Ket qua anh hudng dich chiet tir m l u hoa len cac chiing nam (%)
^ \ Chung N6ng d 9 ^ " \
60X1/4 60X1/4 70X1/4 80X1/4 90X1/4 100X1/4
Colletotrichum capsici (C1) 65.78±2,10 76,31±4,02 68,42±1,01 97,35t1,33 75,31 ±2,36 73,68±4,00
Pyricularia solani (P1) 71,11±2,11 71,11 ±2,01 73,33±2.00
• 77,78±2,00 73,33±2,33 62.22±0.05
Pyricularia oryzae (P2) 74,46±1,33 76,59±4,02 72,34±2.36 74,46±2,36 78,72±1,15 ' 3 65,95±1,20
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Hinh I. Chung CI trong mdi tnrdng PDA Hinh 2. Chimg Cl irong moi Irudng djch chiet hoa SOX J/4
Kkt qua tk bao hien vi hinh 1 va 2 cho thiy trong mdi trudng PDA he spi nam sinh trudng binh thudng cdn trong mdi trudng cd djch chi^t hoa 80X1/4 thi h^ spi nam bj phi huy hoan toan, quan sat thay bieu hien ciia sy tan te bao va nguyen sinh chat ra ngoai mdi tnrdng. Dieu niy khing djnh vai trd lie chS hau nhu hoan toin su sinh trudng cua chiing Cl bdi djch chiet hoa. Bk khing dinh ket qui niy, chiing tdi da tien hinh lay mlu tir hinh 2 va dem cay lgi tren mdi trudng PDA binh thudng nhung khdng phit hi|n dupe mau nao mpc lai sau 10 ngay.
Hinh 3. S\r hinh ihanh bdo tiir cua chung ndm P2 trong moi trudng cue doan 1.2. Anh hiroeng cda djch chiet tir mau Id len cdc chiing nam
Ket qua dupe chi ra trong bang 2 va bieu dd 2 cho thay: Tit ci cic chiing nam deu bj lic che bdi djch chiet d cac miic dp khac nhau tir 65,78% dkn 81,57%. Trong dd, chung Cl chju irc chfi mgnh nhat tgi nong dp 80X1/4, tiep theo li chung P2 (80,85%) tgi nong dp 80X1/4 vi chiing PI (75,56%) cung tgi ndng do 80X1/4. K6t qui vin cho thay c i ba chiing deu bj uc che hon 50% va chiing Cl bj irc che mgnh nhit so vdi hai chiing cdn lai.
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Anh hirdng ciia dich chiet la len cac chiing D^m (%)
N6ng d? ^ ^ ^ ^ 50X1/4 60X1/4 70X1/4 80X1/4 90X1/4 100X1/4
Colletotrichum capsici (CD 63,42±2,11 63,15±2.33 68,42±3.40 81,57±2,00 73,68±1,76 65,78±1,11
Pyricularia solani (PI) 71,11±2,50 6e,89±2,55 71,11 ±2,33 75,56±2,33 73,33±1,15 66,67±1,16
Pyricularia oryzae (P2) 74,46±2,33 78,72±2,00 76,59±3.34 80,85±1,06 X- Khdng xdc djnh
70,21±0.05 Ket qui tir hinh 4 va 5 cho thiy trong mdi trudng PDA chung P2 sinh trudng, phat trien binh thudng va hinh thanh bao ttr, trong khi dd, ddi vdi mdi trudng cd djch chiet la 80X1/4 thi sy sinh trudng ciia P2 rit yeu, bilu hi$n li h^ spi it, manh v i ciing cd xu budng hinh thinh bio tu.
I'udng PDA Hinh 5. Chung P2 trong mdi truang djch chiet Id 80X1/4 1.3. Anh hu&ng cUa dich chiet tir mdu tlian-vo len cdc chiing ndm
Ti^p tuc tiln hanh khio sit khi nang lic che ciia dich chiet tiir miu than-vd len cic chiing nam, chung tdi thu dupe ket qua trinh bay trong bang 3. Thi nghi?m duprc thyc hi^n vcri cac nong dp tir 60X1/4 den 100X1/4.
YM qui tii bang 1 chi ra dai irc chl cac chiing nim tir 65,78% den 78,94%. Trong dd, chiing Cl van bj iic che manh hem (78,94%, tgi ndng dp 80X1/4) so vdi hai chiing cdn Igi la P2 (76,59% tai 80X174) va PI (73,33% tai 80X1/4). Kit qui nay cho thay, tai ciing nong dp 80X1/4 thi c i ba chiing nam deu bj uc chl cao nhit so vdi cac n6ng d§ cdn lgi.
1260
HQI NGHI KHOA HQC T O A N Q U 6 C V £ SINH T H A I V A T A I N G U Y E N SINH VAT L A N THU' 5
Anh hirdng cua dich chiet than-vd len cac chung nam (%)
^~~—-,^Chung n i m King d? - > ^
60X1/4 60X1/4 70X1/4 80X1/4 90X1/4 100X1/4
Colletotricttum capsici (Cl)
65,78 ±0,88 65,78±1,16 78,94±3,22 71,05±2,01 65,78±2,01
Pyricularia solani (PI)
66,67±2,34 66,67±2,33 73,33±1,36 66,67±2,44 68,89±1,05
Pyricularia oryzae (P2)
74,46±1,05 72,34±3,24 76,59±2,44 74,46±2,06 68,08±2,22 Kit qui hinh 6 v i 7 cho thay chung P1 trong moi trudng PDA sinh trudng binh thudng, cdn trong m8i trudng djch chilt than-vd 80X1/4 da bi irc che khi mgnh va cd xu hudng hinh thanh bao tti.
Hinh 6. Chung PI trong moi trucmg PDA
Hinh 7. Chun^ PI trong moi trudng dich chiet thdn-vd 80X1/4
Quan sat bio tit hai chiing PI vi P2 la gidng nhau song kit qui tren dTa petri cho thay chiing P2 cd miu xim hai tring cdn chiing P1 cd miu den tuyen (hinh 8 va 9).
Hinh 8. Chung PI. khudn lgc den tuyin Hinh 9. Chimg P2. khudn lgc hai xam trdng
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Tir cic kit qui thu dupe {bang 1, 2, 3) cho thay: Djch chilt tii tat ca cac bO phgn cua Bim bim diu cd kha nang irc che han 50% sy sinh trudng cua ba chiing nam khao sat la Colletotrichum capsici. Pyricularia solani va Pyricularia oryzae. Trong dd, bj uc che cao nhSt la chiing Cl tgi ciing mpt nong dp djch chiet hoa, li, than-vd (80X1/4) lan l i ^ la 97,36^
81,57% va 78,94%. Trong ba djch chiet thu duprc thi djch chilt tir hoa cd kha nang dc chefiSt nhat cac chiing nam so vdi tir la va thin-vd. Dieu nay cho thay trong hoa cd ham lupng ho?t chat cho phep cay uc che nim cao nhkt so vdi cic bp phgn khic.
Bdng 4 Kha naog urc che cao nhat ciia cac djch chiet tir hoa, la, thSn-vo ISn cac chiing nam (%)
^ ^ ^ ^ C J h i i n g n i m Bo ph?n ^ ' ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
Hoa U ThSn-v6
Colletotrichum capsici (C1) 97,36±1,33 81,67±2,00 78,94±3,22
Pyricularia solani (P1) 77,78±2,00 75,56±2.33 73,33±1,36
Pyricularia oryzae (P2) 74.46±2,36 80,e5±1,06 76,59±2,44 Ndng dp dich chiet cao qui hay thap qui deu uc che kem hon tai nong dp 80X1/4. Ngo^i ra, ket qua nay ket hpp vdi cong bo cua Pan vd cs. (2008) da khang djnh khi ning khang nam phd rpng cCia dich chiet bim bim.
7.^. Anh hirofng cUa tli&i gian ien khd nang mgc lgi cUa nam
Kit qua nghien cihi ciia chiing tdi cho thiy, sau m$t thdi gian bj irc chl nhat djnh, mpt so chiing nam cdxu hudng mpc lgi. Kit qua dupe chi ra trong hinh lOva 11.
Hinh 10. Chung Cl trong moi tnrdng dich Hinh II. Chimg CI trong moi tnrdng PDA chiet Id 80X1/4 sau 15 ngay irc chi sau 2,5 ngdy nuoi cdy Mac dii sau 15 ngay bj lic chl bdi djch chilt la chiing Cl da mpc lai nhung hoin toan khdng md rpng khuan lac them sau 20 ngay. So vdi doi chung thi chi sau 2,5 ngiy chiing Cl (H phat triln han 50% dia petri. Vipc mpc Igi ciia chung Cl la mdt dgi dien hit siirc cd ^ nghia trong cdng tic du bao sy xuat hi6n trd lgi ciia nim b6nh d l kjp thdi chu dpng phong b|nh sau mpt thdi gian xir ly.
2. Kha nang iirc che nam b^nh tren moi trudng invivo
De khing djnh khi nang uc che nim b?nh tren ddng ru^ng, chiing tdi xay dung md hinh invivo tren gidng lua 504 nhilm cac chiing nam rdi tiln hinh phun djch chilt tir cac bO ph§n ciia Bim bim tgi ndng dp 80X1/4. Dudi day la mpt s6 kit qua thu dupe:
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2.1. Tac dfing cua djch chiSt len chiing P2 trin mo hinh invivo
Hinh 12. Gidng lua^504 tnrdc (hinh a) va sau Hinh 13. Giong lua 504 bi lay nhiem chiing P2 Uii bj lay nhiim chiing P2 (hinh b) (cdc vdng trdn Id bieu hien ben ngodi cOa binh)
Hinh 14. Giong liia 504 sau khi Idy nhiim chung P2 gua 6 ngdy (cdc vong trdn la
bieu hiin binh)
Hinh 15. Ket qua xu ly giong liia 504 sau khi lay nhiem chiing P2 vdi djch chiet than-
vd 80X1/4
Hinh 16. Ket qud xu ly gidng lua 504 sau Hinh 17. Kit qud xir Iy giong lua 504 sau khi khi lay nhiem chung P2 vol dfch chiil than- Idy nhiem chiing P2 vdi djch chiet hoa 80X1/4
vo 80X1/4 (vong tron Id hiiu hiin Id da bi vdng ua sau nhiem binh)
Ket qua tir hinh 12-17 cho thay ro rang djch chiet tir hoa vdi nong dp 80X1/4 da lam hit bieu hifn b^nh tgi diu li, trong khi dd djch chilt tir than-vd chi cd tie dyng lim giim bieu hipn btnh tgi dau la. Tuy nhien, kit qui hinh 15 da khing djnh sue sdng trd lai cua cay lua sau khi bj Wy nhilm chiing P2 dupe xir ly bdi djch chilt than-vd.
HQI NGHI KHOA HQC T O A N Q U Q C V E SINH THAI VA TAl NGUYgN SINH VAT LAN THO" 5 2.2. Tac dung cUa dich chiet len chiing Cl tren mo hinh invivo
Hmh 18. Gidng lua 504 trudc khi bj Idy nhiem chdng Cl
Hinh 19. Giong lua 504 sau khi bl lay nhiem chimg Cl trong 6 ngdy (cdc vong tron la
bieu hiin ben ngoai cua binh) Ket qui hinh 19 chi ra bilu hi?n bfnh rit ro rang dd la cay lua ti^ nen rat ylu, phin la ben dudi bj nhilm tdi muc iia dd rdi chuyin sang nhun thdi.
Hinh 20. Gidng lua 504 bj lay nhiem Hinh 21. Gidng lua 504 nhiem chiing CI dupe chdng Cl (vong Iron Id bieu hiin binh) xu ly dfch chiet Id 80X1/4 (bao gom TN vd DC)
(vdng tron la biiu hiin binh)
Hinh 22. Gidng lua 504 bf Idy nhiim chirng Cl Hinh 23. Gidng Ida 504 bf lay nhiim chiing Cl duae xir ly dich chiil hoa 80X1/4 sau 1 ngdy duxrc xir ly dich chiit hoa 80X1/4 sau 2 ngi^
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Ket qui sau khi xii ly tren hinh 21, 22, 23 cho thiy ca dich chilt la va hoa diu cd tic dyng (^ chl sy xim nhiem ddi vdi chiing Cl. Thi hi^n la cay lua di hoin toan het bilu hi^n benh tgi jllu ngpn li so vdi luc trudc khi xd ly.
Hinh 24. Gidng liia 504 tnrdc lay nhiim chung Cl
Hinh 25. Giong lua 504 bf lay nhiem chimg Cl sau 2 ngay
2.3. Tac diing cda dich chiet lin chung PI tren mo hinh invivo
Ket qui hinh 25 v i 26 cho thay bilu hi?n lua nhiem chiing PI la diu ngpn la bj ddm dd, tiln tdi kho va chet.
Hinh 26. Giong lua 504 bi lay nhiem chiing Hinh 27. Giong lua 504 bj Idy nhiem chung Cl sau 6 ngdy (vong Iron la biiu hiin binh) CI sau 6 ngdy dircrc xir ly bdi djch chiet Id d
ndng dd 80X1/4
Ket qui hinh 27 va 28 cho thay djch chiet la ndng dp 80X1/4 da irc che dupe su sinh tudng ciia chiing PI thdng qua bieu hifn dau ngpn la da het b^nh, song phan li nhinh ben dirdi vin cdn bieu hi^n bpnh, dieu niy cd le do phan li ben dudi da bj nhiem qua nang la chet tnrdc khi xir ly djch chilt. Tuy nhien bilu hien ciy da sinh trudng tdt.
HLKfeTLUviN
' Qua ket qui thd nghi?m invivo cho thiy djch chilt Bim bim a nong dp 80X1/4 di cd kha lAigOicche sy sinh trudng cua c i ba chiing nim Cl, PI v i P2. Trong dd, bieu hipn tdt nhat la wiVdi hai chiing CI vaP2.
Nhu vgy, cd IS chiln lupc xam lin ciia Bim bim li thdi gian tdn tgi ciia hat, khi nang sdng s6t cua cay con, hi?u qua quang hpp, kha nang vuan canh, su thit ngh^n, kha nang khang nam, tuy nhien yeu to nao ddng vai trd chinh thi vin chua cd nghien ciiu xic dang. Va trong nghien cut! niy. mpt minh chung di dupe chi ra dd chinh li khi nang khang nam bpnh rat manh ciia 1265
HQI NGHj KHOA HQC T O A N Q U Q C V E SINH T H A I V A T A I N G U Y £ N SINH VAT L A N THQ- 5 Bim bim. Nghien ciru ciia Gao vd cs. (2006) cho thiy loii
Merremia boisiana rat giau cac hpp chit phenolic nhu scopoletin (1), escuietin (2), paprazine (3), 3,5-di-O- caffeoylquynic acid methyl ester (4), 3,4-di-O- caffeoylquynic acid methyl ester (5), 3,4,5-tri-O- caffeoylquynic acid methyl ester (6), quercetin (7), and kaempferol 3-beta-D-galactopyranoside (8). Van vd cs.
(2010) phat hien thiy loai Merremia umbellala subsp.
orientalis cd 8 hoat chit phenolic. Dieu nay cho thay rat cd the loii Merremia eberhardtii ciing cd nhdm hoat chat niy va can dupe nghien ciiu sau hon de lim ro vai trd ciia nd trong viec lie che cic chiing nam benh cDng nhu tien tdi ly trich
lam giau san xuitthuSc trir njm sinh hoc. ^ „ ^ ^ g GiSnglua 504 Mim
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO "'"^,^-^r*f"i''iny,f'' chiet la nong do 80X1/4
1 Jian Van et al., 2010. Phenolic Compounds from Merremia
umbellala subsp. orientalis and Their Allelopathic Effects on Arabidopsis Seed Germination.
2. Li M. G. et al., 2006. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni, 45 (3): 70-72, 81.
3. Li M. G. etal., 2009. Seed, cutting and air-layering reproductive inefficiency of noxious woody vine Merremia biosiana and its implications for management strategy. State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
4 Marchante et al., 2010. Seed ecology of an invasive alien species, Acacia longifolia {Vabaccio), in Portuguese dune ecosystems. Centre for Studies ofNatural Resources, Environment and Society, Department of Environment, University of Coimbra.
5 Pan el al., 2008. Antifungal Activities in Extracts of Merremia boisiana. Department of plant pathology, China.
6. Nguyen Nghla Thin, 2005. Tap chi di truyin irng dung so 3.
7. Xu H. et al., 2006. The status and causes of alien species invasion in China. Nanjing Forestry University.
8. Wang et al., 2005. Joumal ofTropical and Subtropical Botany, 13 (1): 76-77 (in Chinese).
9. Wu L F. et al., 2007. Joumal of Guangdong Forestry Science and Technology, 23 (1): 83-86.
10. Zan et al., 2000. Mikania micrantha-mile-a-minute weed. Asia-Pacific Forest Invasive Species Network.
ANTIGUNGAL ACTIVITES ON RICE IN EXTRACTS OF Merremia eberhardtii NGUYEN BA TU, MAI THI NGOC LAN THANH, NGUYEN ANH DUNG,
TRAN NGOC HUNG, MANG THI THUY TIEN, TRAN NHAT LINH, NGUYEN THI DIEU LAM, PHAM THI NGOC MY SUMMARY
In this paper, the antifungal activities of the extracts of Merremia eberhardtii (Convolvulaceae) againsl mycelial growth of rice pathogenic fungi: Colletotrichum capsici {Ct); Pynculana solani {Pt) and PyriculariB.
oryzae (P2) were investigated In both invivo and invitro mediums. The results showed that the extract from flowers had stronger antifungal activities than that from leaves and stems, and the inhibitory percentage of e)ctracts from flowers, leaves and stems (at concentration of 80X1/4) against C1 was 97.36%; 81.57%; and 78.94%, respectively, against PI was 77.78%; 75.56%; and 73,33%, respectively, and against P2 was 78.72%; 80.85%; and 76.59%, respectively. The result aso showed that the 01 was strongest inhibited, and the optimum concentration for inhibition was at concentration of 80X1/4, the ability of inhibition may be decreased if the concentration above or below this value.