IDien ddn Phat trien •'•'^^jmm^v^^Ej.
trong dich vu van tai cua day chuyen logistics
(71iptbeoSd4/20l2)
TS. NGUViN THI PHl/dNG Truong Dai hoc GTVT
C^c g\H p h i p n h i m dam b i o muc t i l u JIT t r o n g l o ^ c s v i n t l i
.TCrSddAci^ad&y Chuyen logistics v i n t i f t r i n chothSy rngt t i l u eua JIT ehi eo t h i dat dupe khi mfii mit xfch cua d.iy ehuyin phli d^tdupc muc tieu do, do v i y g i l l p h i p cie nha van t l i hucmii toi ILhi/sau:
_ y^n dwyin (dudng bo, duang sdt, dudng tftl}y..J can xay dUng •^
chi tiit vd cu thiphvung an to chdtc vdn tdyphuc vu Id hang
+ Xic djnh rochOnf] lu.n / ' phuong tien phu hop v i n ehuyin Id hing Mot phuong thUe v i n t l i (dudng bd, dudng s i t dudng biln,...) ed nhung loai phuong t i l n khic nhau v l tinh nang ehuyin dung phue vu hang hda (hang tdng hpp, container, Idng,...), hole khic nhau v l cong suat chuyen cho Do dd d l trinh l i n g phi cong suat phuong t i l n , dam bao cac y l u cau b i o q u i n hang hoa trong q u i trinh van ehuyin, doi hdi nha van t i i p h i i l l n phuong an sO dung phucmg t i l n sao cho TOI UU nhat. De giOp eie nha van tai gtai b i i toan n i y ddi hdi phat cung cap cho hp eac thdng tin chmh xae ve 16 hang (khdi lupng, chung loai, tmh chat ly hoa, y l u eau b i o q u i n trong xep do va van ehuyen).
+ Xic djnh ro hanh trinh chuyen di v i bieu dd van hanh cua phaong tien Viec xic djnh rd hanh trinh chuyen di eua phuong t i l n tOe la xae dmh ro luong djch chuyen cua Id hang theo phaong thOc van t i i nhat djnh (diem di, cac diem trung gian, dia ehi noi den cua 16 hang)
Viec xic diiili to lianii Irinh chuyen di cua phaong tien giup cho nha q u i n tn logistics n i m ro vi tri djch chuyen cu.i lo h.ing, thong Un kip thoi ve IliOi qi.in Vri dt.i
chr
^leVn cu.
Iii'n lici i . i i l l n i n
1 lo i,,,n,| 1,.
i M 1 k" 11' (| vn'c chuyci
KK] hanh nmh '|) (cing, hoac 1 tiophoac cjiai
p h o n g 16 hang, tranh hien tUOng cho doi lam giam kha nang quay vong phuong tien va lam tang thoi gian gtao hang
Cdc cdng (ga. ben) cdn phdi hap nhip nhdng vd chat ehe vdi cdc nha van tdi, lUa chon phuang dn toi Uu phuc vu Id hang
Do cang (ga, ben) la mat xich quan trong ciia logistic van tai, cac dich vu cang cung cap phuc vu cac IP hang co anh liUdng rat Ion den muc tieu JIT trong
logistics van t.ii Bat cU su chim lam hang, true trac ky thuat cua trang thiet Iji xep do hoac sU un t i c trong qua trinh phuc vu Id hang tai cang deu dan den sa lang phi thoi gian va nguon luc ciia cing Do do de khic phuc nhang btit Clip nay, cac cang (ga, ben) can hudng tot cac giai phap sau:
Thiet l i p cic kenh thdng tin (Internet, EDI) vdi eac hang t i u (dai ly hang tau); hoac nha v i n tai nh^m
nhan duoc chinh xic cac thong tin ve IP hang can xep do tai cang
(thoi gian 16 hang den cang, kh6i^
luong, chung loai, cltMfl d i n , eing dieh, vi tr[9 16 hang can ddtS thong qua c l c ^ thdng tin niy ] cing (ga, bin) :
chO dpng len ke hoadi sO dung lao
ddng va trang thiet bi sin sang phije vy khi IP hang den cang.
Td chOc phaong an tdi iTu phuc vu Id hang, dieu nay lien quan den lua chon cong nghe xep dP (thu eong, co giPi, tu dong), bd tri sip day chuyen phuc vu Id hang. Trong tien trinh phat tnen khoa hoc cong nghe, ky thuat xep do tien tien, hten dai da mang lai rat nhieu loi ich ttet kiem thoi gian va chi ph!
khong chi cho ban than cang (ga, beti) ma ca chu hang co 16 hang qua cang.
+ Cang can co sU lien he chat ehe vdi cac hang van tai (hang van tai o-td, hang van tai sit) de giao va tra hang dung lue, De khac phuc hien tUong lai xe chd dpi lau khl nhan container tO cang hoac cang phai chp chu hang daa container
2 8 - T a p c h i H a n g h a i V i e t N a m • 5/2012
Dien cJdn Phat trien
P !••
d i n cing d l xep xudng t i u , cing thiet l i p he thdng hen gid "appointment system" n h i m l l n k l hoaeh cu t h i giao v l t r i hang. Nguyin ly eua "he thong hen gid" nhu sau:
Boi vdi Id hdng xudt:
- Cing nhin eic thPng tin cOa cie Id hing xuat tO eie ehu h i n g [hole td chOc giao nhan, hoac n h i van t l i da phuong thOe-MTO), cic thdng tin chfnh bao gdm: chOng loai hing, sd lupng container xult, loai container, eing d i n , eing dich.
- Tir cic thdng tin n i y thdng qua phan mem h i thdng k l hoach l i m hang (hing xuat) cho ra so do xIp h i n g (bay plan) x i c djnh rd vj tri xep cua Id h i n g xuat xudng t i u .
- Khi vi tri eua cic container trong so do x I p hang da dupe xic djnh, diia vao ke hoach thdi gian b i t d i u l i m hing xuat cOa cing, k i t hc^ vdi dti kiln ning suit x I p dd cOa t h i l t bj se du kiln thdi gian x I p timg container trong sO do x I p hing (bay plan] xudng tau v i o lue nio.
- Tir ket q u i k l hoach thdi gian x I p container nhu tren, cing l l n k l hoach hen thdi gian cu the khaeh hang dUa conainer den cing.
- Khaeh h i n g (to chOe giao nhin, MTO) nhan thdng tin thdi gian t r i hang, bd tri phuong t i l n d i n eing d l kjp thdi n h i n hing.
£)d/ vdJ' Id hdng nhdp:
- Cang nhan thdng tin cic container nhap, bao gdm so lupng container, chung loai container, ehOng loai hing, chd h i n g (hole ngudi giao nhin, hole MTO), so dd xep h i n g cOa eie container nhap niy.
- Thong qua eie thong tin tren k i t hc^ du kiln thdi gian b i t dau l i m h i n g nhap, dii kiln n i n g suat x I p ddcua t h i l t bi dupe dua va he thdng m i y tfnh vdi phan m I m Ong dung cho phep l l n k l hoach thdi gian d d tOng container ra khdi tau.
- Khi cd k l hoaeh thdi gian dd timg container nhap, cang can cO vao thong tin chO hang {hoac ngudi giao nhin hoac MTO) l l n ke hoach hen gid khich hing d i n eing nhan hing.
- Chu hing sau khl nhan thong tin k l hoach nhan hing, sap x I p bo tri phuong t i l n dua hang d i n cing kjp thdi.
Vile img dung h i thdng hen gid khieh hang tai cing eo y nghta rat ldn khdng ehi eho chinh b i n t h i n eing trong vile n i n g cao hieu q u i nguon llic khai thac eing, ning cao chit lUcfng djch vu khich hing tai cing. M I t khie vdi gili p h i p n i y d i d i p ufng mue t i l u cOa JIT tai m i t xich cing, bdi vl eing khdng ePn hi|n tUpng im 0 container tai cing, tri|t t i l u thc^ gian giin doan, ehd dpi cOa eie trang t h i l t bj cOa cing v i cOa khich hing d i n giao v i nhin container, khdng edn hiln tUpng ling phi n h i n liic v i t h i l t bi do vi|e giao t r i n h i m I5n container.
Thiit l^p c6ng thdng tin diin tCt (web-portal) glCta cdc thdnh viin trong ddy ehuyin logistics
Ngiy nay cdng nghe thdng tin v l truyin thdng da phit triln r l t manh me v i dupc Ong dung phd b i l n trong nhilu Imh vUc khic nhau. Do muc t i l u cOa JIT hudng tdi t r i l t t i l u sU lang phf cic ngudn luc v i tang chat lupng djch vu ddi vdi khich hang (ngUdi sO dung djch vu logistics), muc t i l u n i y mudn dat dupc phu thupc rat Idn v i o viec cac thinh vien lien quan d i n cic Id hang trong day ehuyin logistics (ngUiJi gin hing, to chOc giao nhan, nha van t i i , eo quan cing, ngUdi nhin hing) thu nhin, xO ly v i truyin thong tin liln quan d i n IP hing do. Vi viy eie thanh v i l n llln quan den Id hing trong d i y chuyen logistics can nhan thOc tam quan trong cua Ong dung edng nghe thong tin truyin thdng phuc vu boat ddng kinh doanh cua minh. Hp n i n t h i l t lap edng thong tin d i l n t O d I phiJC vu trao doi thdng tin v i ho trp ra quylt ^ n h phuc vu Id hing trong day ehuyin logistics nhu the n i o d l dat duac mue t i l u JIT trong hoat ddng kinh doanh eOa ehinh minh v l cOa d i y ehuyin logistics ndi ehung.
Nguyin ly chung cOa edng t h i n g tin s i ed cie bp phan eau thinh chfnh, mdi td chOc phli ed sii dong gdp d l duy tri SO boat dpng cOa no. Phan trpng t i m cua bp p h l n eau t h i n h bao gdm:
-I-Thdng tin ehung: Khai q u i t v l edng nghe thdng tin va gill p h i p truyin thdng Ong dung ddi vdi van t l i b i l n trong day ehuyin logistics; khai quit v l cic quy djnh trong khu vpc, t i l u ehuan qudete, luat qude gia.
+ Cic thdng tin lien quan d i n cic phuong i n v l v i n t i l trong d i y ehuyin logistics: CIc thdng tin ban dau, eic t h u i t t o i n de eho ra quylt dinh. CIc thdng tin ban dau bao gdm: Ijch ehay t i u eOa cie hang t i u viln dUOng, ven biln, hing v i n l i i h i n g hda dudng sit, cie thdng sd die trUng cOa cic ben cing container v i b i i container dudng sit, cic d i l u khoin giao n h i n v i van ehuyen hing hda...
Kit luSn
Logistics l i djch vu phOc hpp ciia rat nhilu khiu, nhilu hoat ddng vdi cung mdt muc dieh van chuyen, p h i n phdi Id hing tir n h i sin xult d i n ngudi t i l u thu. Trong dd hoat ddng van t l i ddng vai trd h i t sOe quan trpng. Tilu chf v i n ehuyin "JIT" - "dung loai hing, dung sd lupng d i n dung dja d i l m v i v i o dung lOe ein thilt" II mue t i l u cOa n h i kinh doanh djch vu logistics. Muc t t l u do mang lai Ipi fch cho ngUdi cung cap djch vu qua vile sO dung t i l t kilm eic ngudn lue, trilt t i l u ciic ling phf phit sinh trong q u i trinh cung cap djch vu, mat khac do chat lupng djch vu cung cap cho khaeh hing ning eao, uy tin thUcmg hi|u cOa hp ting, giOp t i n g ning liic canh tranh t r i n thi trudng v i n t i i .
Tren thiic te trong q u i trinh khai t h i c djch vu van t i i , van phit sinh rat nhilu ling phi va chat lUpng dich vu chua cao do nhieu ly do chO quan va khieh quan khie nhau. D l giup cho cic n h i van t l i trong diy chuyen logistics dat dupe muc t i l u "JIT", n h i kinh doanh dich vu logistics can i p dung mpt sd g i l i phap v l td ehde van t i i , phdi hpp nhip nhing gida m i t xich cing (ga, bin) vdi n h i v i n t l i v l gili phip Ong dung cdng nghe thdng tin truyin thdng giOa cic thinh viln liln quan trong boat dpng van t l i cOa diy ehuyin logistics i£
Tai lieu tham khdo:
[1]. Just in Time Logistics tai trang Web: http://www.ashgate.com/pdf/
SamplePages/Just-in-Time_Logisties_
lntro.pdf.
[2]. LEONID NOVICKIS - RigaTeehnical University, 2005: "Model-Base essential logistics principles".
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