TRUCiNG DAI H O C D O N G T H A P Tap chi Khoa hpc sd 35 (12-2018)
DIEM NHIN TRAN THUAT VE VAN DE NlT QUYEN TRONG VAN XUOI NGUYEN THI THUY VU
• Nguyin Thj My Duyen'i Tdm tat
Diem nhin trdn thudt Id mot yeu to khai ma cdi nhin mdi ve vdn de nie quyen trong vdn xuoi Nguyen Thi Thuy VU. Khai thdc tir goc do diem nhin vua cho thdy noi dung tao bao lgi cho thdy tdi ndng doc dao cua na nhd vdn Thuy Vii khi ndi den nhimg rdo cdn vd su biet phd ciia nii gidi mien Nam giiia the ki XX. Tir do, khdng dinh dong gop quan trpng cua Thuy VU trong Vdn hpc nii Viet Nam.
Tir khoa: NU quyen, diem nhin trdn thudt, Nguyen Thi Thuy Vii, diem nhin trdn thudt trong vdn hpc nie quyen.
1. Dat van de
Nguyen Thj Thuy Vii la nha van nii ndi tieng eua van hpc dd thj mien Nam 1954-1975 Tuy nhien, cac sang tac ciia nha van Thyy Vii ehi mdi dugc xuat ban lgi sau gan 50 nam vang bdng tren van dan. Van xudi Thuy Vii dam tinh nhan ban, dgm chat hien thue. Thuy Vii diem vao van hgc nQ quyen bang mdt tieng ndi het sire dgc dao va la gigng ve hien thuc ddi s6ng nii gidi giGa the ki XX d dd thi mien Nam Sy ty nhien, chan that co tiong van xudi Thuy Vii la su chuyen ddng manh liet dudi hien thuc cua thdi dai. Diem nhin tran thuat duoc sir dung trong van xu6i Thuy Vu cho thay cai nhin binh ding cua mgt nha van nu viet ve nu gidi Viet Nam Thuy Vii diing eai nhin binh ding de phd dien trudc cdng ehimg bien thuc phirc tgp eua dd thi mien Nam trudc 1975
2. Noi dung nghien cuu 2.1. Diem nhin tran thuat
Khi nghien eiiu mat nghe thuat ciia mdt tac pham tu su thi chiing ta khdng the bd qua budc tim bieu mdt thuat ngu phd bien la "diem nhin tran thuat". Van hoe nu quyen Viet Nam Igi ed thien hudng "tu an minh", do dd "ke" ciing lg mdt viee qugn trong can duge ndi den khi nghien eiiu tae pham Chimg ta thay rang, khong the hoan thanh tae pham neu khdng cd diem nhin. Theo Tir dien thudt ngievdn hpc (A Glossary of literature terms) eua Abrahams thi diem nhin la "nhirng each thirc ma mgt cau chuyen dugc ke den - mdt hay nhieu phuong thiic duoe thilt lap bdi tac gia bang y nghTa '"' Hoc vien cao hoc, Trucmg Dai hoc Khoa hoc Xa hoi va Nhan van Thanh ph6 H 6 Chi Minh
ma dgc gia dugc gidi thieu vdi nhiing ca tinh, ddi thoai, nhiing hanh ddng, sy sap dgt va nhirng su kien ma tran thuat eau thanh trong mdt tac pham hu cau" [1],
Phuong Lyu da chia diem nhin tran thuat rat eu the trong sach Ly luan vdn hpc cita minh nhu sau: "Neu chia diem nhin tran thugt theo phuong dien trudng nhin thi gom ed trudng nhin eiia tac gia va trudng nhin nhan vat". Cdn "Neu chia diem nhin tran thuat tren phuong dien tam ly thi ed the phan biet thanh diem nhin ben trong va diem nhin ben ngoai" [5]. Cung dua ra quan diem ve diem nhin tran thuat, Tran Dinh Sir chia diem nhin tran thuat thanh 5 loai: diem nhin cua ngudi tran thuat, tae gia hay ciia nhan vat tran thugt vg ciig nhan vat, diem nhin khdng gian, thdi gian, diem nhin ben trong, ben ngoai, diem nhin danh gia tu tudng, cam xuc, diem nhin ngdn tir.
Mdt khai mem quan trong khac ma chiing ta phai nam bat do la "diem nhin nghe thuat". Theo Tie dien thudt ngie vdn hpc eua Le Ba Han, Tran Dinh Su va Nguyen Khac Phi ddng chu bien,
"Diem nhin nghe thuat la vi tri tir do ngudi tran thuat nhin ra va mieu ta sy vgt trong tgc phgm.
Khdng the cd nghe thuat neu khdng cd diem nhin, bdi nd the hien su ehu y, quan tam va dac diem cua chu the trong viec tao ra cai nhin nghe thuat Gia tri cua sang tao nghe thugt mgt phgn kh6ng nhd la do dem lgi cho ngudi thudng thiic mdt cdi nhin mdi ddi vdi cudc sdng. Sy ddi thay ciia nghe thugt batdiutir ddi thay diem nhin" [3, tr 112]. Day la mdt nhan td rat quan trgng trong viec hoan thien tac pham van hoc Diem nhin nghe thuat nam giii vj tri then chdt cho ket cau cua tac pham.
57
TRUONG DAI HOC DONG THAP Tap chi Khoa hpc so 35 (12-2018) Nhu vay, eo nhieu khai niem ve diem nhin
tran thugt, nhung nhin ehung cd the hieu diem nhin tran thugt la vj tri ngudi ke ehuyen ma tir do cac su kien, tu tudng cua tac gia duae boe Id thdng qua eac yeu td tgo dyng cau ehuyen va nhan vat. Tiiy thuoc vao sy phan chia khae nhau ma eac nha phe binh cd quan nigm khae nhau khi phan ehia diem nhin tran thuat Tuy nhien, chiing ta can thay rang khdng the taeh rdi mdt diem nhin de phan tich mot tae pham vi rat hiem tae pham chi sii dyng mgt diem nhin. Do dd, khi nghien eiiu mdt tac phim, chiing ta nen ket hgp nghien ciiu cac diem nhin de viec nghien ciiu dugc hoan thien.
2.2. Diem nhin tam li - ket hgrp diem nhin ben trong va ben ngoai
Sd lugng tac phim Nguyen Thi Thuy Vii su dyng diem nhin ben trong chi chilm 1/4 sd lugng sang tac, Dieu dgc biet la tae gia chi dung each xung tdi cho truyen ngin chii khong thay dung cho truyen dai Thyy Vii xung tdi qua cae truyen ngan Ndng chieu vdng, Manh, Dm chuyin di xa, Mpt budi chieu, Dem ndi lira, Lia song, Dem tdi hao la, Tiinghdt... Dang ehuy la eo din 3 truyen ngan nhan vgt tdi ten Linh. Dieu ngy gay td md khi ten nhan vgt gan gidng ten tae gia. Tir viee su dung ng6i thii nhat xung tdi, Thuy Vii d l dang ndi ve cam xuc eiia nhan vat nii trong nhiing eau ehuyen ngan. Diem nhin ben trong tir ehinh chii the eua nii nha van tgo nen cam giac chan that cho nhirng cau chuyen viet ve nii quyin
Truyen ngan Lia song kha dgc bigt vi hinh thiie gidng nhu viet nhat ky 6 dd, ngudi k l chuyen xung "em" Nhan vat chinh ty thuat lgi eau ehuyen cua minh dya vao diem nhin ben trong d l thoa sire bgc 16 tai nii cdng gia chanh eua mdt c6 gai sdng d tinh le viing Ddng bang sdng Cuu Long Cai hay d cho, Thyy Vii hdm hinh de "em" ty tin v l ve ngoai
"dm o, khd lep nhu cai quat mo" va die y xem ve ngoai xau xi la mdt mdn hdi mon dang gia khi eai ve ngoai khong dep ay kheo dung d l bao ve sy
"trinh tiet" ma "em" luon co ging giii gin. Cach tiling diem nhin ben trong lam cho truyen ngan Lia song trd nen sinh ddng nhu mot cuoe doi thoai giira em va "vi bdn phu tuang lai". Nhu thi, tinh chii dgng cua nii gidi xuat phat tir diim nhin ben
trong cang dugc day cao. Dim toi bao la ciing co diim nhin tuong tu. Md diu truyen ngin, Thuy Vfl de nhan vgt xung tdi nham ty do bdc 16 xiic cam bin nang: "T6i muon tim d dan dng su diu dang d khudn mat, mdt ldi ni non, mgt nu bdn don so kh6ng can cd kT thuat" [8, tr. 25]. Diem nhin ben trong hoan thanh xuat sac thien hudng ty do tinh due cua nii gidi v i 16 each ndi huych toet thudng thay trong cgch the hien cam xiic cua nir gidi 6 Thuy Vii. Diem nhin ben trong edn giiip nhan vat nii trong truyen khang dinh tieng ndi rieng eua nii gidi Tir do lam tang su phirc tap trong y nghi diy ty cao cua Linh khi hi Duy bd rod, quyet lam lgi cudc ddi va san sgng rdng Idng tha thu, bao dung ngudi dan dng da rudng bd Linh. Mae dii dilm nhin ben trong chi phdi mach cam xiie ciia eac nhan vat nii nhung khdng it lin tac gia muon loi nhan vat de chgm den ao ude chung ciia nii gioi thdng qua ldi ke ciia nhan vat. Nguyin Thi Thyy Vii khi ke eac cau chuyen ve gidi nii thudng cho ngudi ke chuyen diing tu gdc do cua gidi nii de ke. Viec dya vao nhan vat nii la trung tam dl ke giiip tac gia de dang bgc Id tam li nhan vat va dua ra nhung ldi hoc bach bet sue ty nhien. Xen ke vao each ke chuyen d ngoi thii ba, Thuy Vu nhieu lan eho diem nhin di dpng sang ldi tam sy ciia chinh nhan vat de the hien mdt each sau sac nhat ndi Idng cua nhan vat. Tu dd, khoang each giua ngudi k l chuyen va nhan vat dugc nit ngin. Diem nhin ben ngoai ciia ngudi k l chuygn chilm din 31A sang tac eua Thuy VG, tap trung d hau hit eac truyen dai, tieu thuyet va truyen ngin. Diim nhin tam li eiia ngudi ke chuyen giiip tac phim dugc ke mdt each bao quat qua cae truyen: Nhang tdn ihdp khuya, Cho trdn gid kinh thien, Khung reu, Meo Dim, Ngpnphdo bong, Nhuthien duong Ignh, Thu hoang, Chiecgivrang, Laovdo lua... Dineulicac tac pharn, ngudi doc khdng tim thiy chl diing ciia ngudi ke ehuyen thdng qua eac nhan vat mpt each ro rang nhung cd the thay ngudi k l ehuyen nhieu lan nhap hdn vao nhan vat,
Nhang tdn thap khuya dugc Thuy Vu bamviu vao nhan vgt chmh la Thuc Nghi. Xoay quahh nhan vat nay, tac gia k l ve nhung nhan vgt nii ft-ong gia dinh eh6ng. Tir ngdi ke thii ba cua ngudi k l diing 58
T R U O N G DAI HOC DONG THAP Tap chi Khoa hoc so 35 (12-2018) ngoai eau chuyen, nhieu lan ngudi ke va nhan vgt
Thuc Nghi dudng nhu ehi la mot. Tir diim nhin tam li nhu the, tac gia thda sue ndi den sd phan ciia nhiing ngudi phy nii lay chong nhung khdng duoc hanh phiic, nhat la ve mgt tinh than, Khung reu cijng duge Thuy Vu xgy dyng diem nhin tuong ty nhung tac pham nay khd xac dinh diem nhin duae gieo vao nhan vat nao la chinh Chiing ta cd the dat diem nhin ehinh cua Khung riu vao nhan vgt Ba Phil de cd the khai thae toi da van de nu quyen trong tac pham nay. Xoay quanh ba Phu con eae nhan vgt nii nhu: Tinh, Nga, Ngy.. ma neu lay trung tam la ba Phu thi nhung mau thuan giiia quan niem cii va su but pha cua nhirng ed gai tre trong tac phim cang dugc dang cao Viec dat diem nhin vao tac pham de ke cd the xem la mdt diem dde dao trong each ke chuyen cua Thuy VQ vi dgc gia rat khd phan biet dau la ngudi ke ehuyen.
Cach xen ke diem nhin ciing dugc bat gap trong tae pham Cho trdn gid kinh thien Tac pham nay ke theo ngdi thii ba, ngudi ke diing ngoai eau ehuygn nhung CO ve tac gia lai gui diem nhin tir ddi mat eua Nguyet rdi phdng anh nhin ay qua lang kinh cuoe ddi day khat vgng nhung khdng kem phan ehdng chenh cua cd. Qua diem nhin ben ngoai va sy xen ke vdi diem nhin ben trong ciia Nguyet thi so phan nhung ngudi phy nir xdm trg hien len that da ehieu. Thu Hoang Yihve nhiing cogai tre Lieu, Diie, Kim... mdi c6 gai mang nhiing khat vgng va nhiing ndi dau ve cudc ddi theo mdt each rat neng.
Nhu vay, eac cau chuyen viet ve nii ciia nha van Thuy Vu deu cd sy di ehuyen diem nhin ben trong va ben ngoai. Cd the ndi, diem nhin ben ngoai va ben trong da dugc Thuy Vu vgn dyng mot each linh boat d l ndi ve nhung noi tam sSu tham ciia gidi nii Tir diem nhin nii trong sang tac cua minh, Thyy Vii d l dang bay to quan diem, thai dg ciia minh d6i vdi van de Nii quyen duac de cap din trong xa hoi Nam Bd giiig the ki XX. Sy di ehuyin diem nhin tren chirng td tai nang sgng tgo cug nii nha van Thuy Vii trong hinh thirc the h i | n eac tae pham d khia egnh nir quyen.
2.3. Diem nhin khach quan - diem nhin van hoa
H i u hit cgc sang tae cua Nguyen Thi Thyy
Vii deu d l ngudi k l chuyen dung d ngdi thii ba, dilm nhin nay khdng xuat phat tit ben trong ma lgi xuat phat tir ben ngoai nen ed the ndi, tac gia phin Idn dat cai nhin khaeh quan vao trong sang tae cua minh. Thyy Vu nhin mgnh: "Tdi viet bay muai phan trgm la su that, chi pha ba muoi phan tram hu ciu" [2] Cd hai mang de tai Idn ma Thyy Vu viet ve nii trong sang tac cua minh, mdt la viet ve ldi mdn cii kT trong ddi sdng gia dinh d tinh le Nam Bd va viet ve ddi sdng cua nhiing eo gai lam nghe an suong d Sai Gdn.
Vdi mang de tai viet ve sy bd hep, cG kT cua gia dinh sdng d tinh le Nam Bd trudc 1975, Thuy Vu dat diem nhin tir gdc cgnh van hda de cd cdi nhin bao quat ve nhiing biic tudng vd hinh lam han che khat vgng sdng eua gidi nu. Mac du dimg ben ngoai de din dit cau chuyen nhung khdng it lan tac gia hda than vao Ngy, Tinh trong Khung reu nham ve nen biie tranh van hda cua gia dinh ba Phu - noi da lam eho lap ngudi tre sdng khd sd vdi khat khao eua minh, Tdc gia nhieu lan dat vao ldi nhan vat nhiing quan mem van hda v6n da an sau vao ldi tu duy eua ngudi Vi?t. Dieu nay the hien ro qua ldi ba Phu ndi vdi Chieu "Con phai biet tir xua den gid, cai cau nam trgng nu khinh truyin tung biet may muai ddi khong?" [9, tr. 124]. Dilm nhin van hda cdn long ghep vao ldi cua cdc nhan vat nhung thuc chat ngudi nghe khd Idng phan biet do la ldi tdc gia hay ldi nhan vgt. Ngoai ra, net van hda dep eiia ngudi phu nu Nam B6 cung hien len rat rd trong tac pham nay.
Khi dng Phu mat, ba Phu gdi ghem ehuyen gia dinh tan ndt, bd qua viec dng Phu ngogi tinh de lo ma chay cho dng chu dao, "Dau sao di nug, giay rach minh cung phai gift lay le. Trudc bet cho linh hdn ong yen vui, sau nua, ba eon chdm xom khdng biet dupe sy suy sup cua gia dinh minh" [9, tr 347]. Nen lai n6i hdn gign ve ldi lam eiia dng Phil, ba manh me ganh vac tgng gig cho trdn ven, Bd Phil trudc sau van khdng vi tdi ngoai tinh cua dng Phu ma bu6ng xudi Ba van dung ban ITnh cua mdt ngudi phu nu qudn ed dgi gig dinh ma vun ven mpi thir chu dao Giu gin danh dy la mdt net van boa trong tam h6n phu nu gia dinh viing tinh le Neu so sanh, cd the thay nhan vat ba Phii khac
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TRUClNG DAI HOC DONG THAP Tap chi Khoa hoc sd 35 (12-2018) bin vdi nhan vat ba Tu Miip d Cho trdn gid kinh
thien Nhiing ngudi phu nu sdng trong xom tro Sai Gdn anh hudng bdi kmh te do thi cdng them sy "danh da" trong tinh each da phd bay gia canh eho ea xom tro, ca thien hg ciing ban tdn. Cd le vi ganh tren vai viec quan li ca dai gia dinh va sdng trong khdng khi tinh le nen ba Phu luon ra sue bao ve thanh danh ciia gia dinh dia chu
Quan niem lay ehdng chi la sy may rui cua ngudi phy nir dupe Nguyen Thi Thyy Vu nhan mgnh trong hgi tdc pham Khung reu va Thu hoang "Con gdi ed chong chi vui dupe ba thang dau, rdi budn ba ndm, roi khd mdt ddi". Hdn nhan ddi vdi ngudi phu nii theo diem nhin van boa ma Thyy VG ghe mat vao Nhang tdn thap khuya cung ehi la mdt cudc xd sd: "Nhung that ra, ai biet dugc cudc bdn nhan se ra sao'' Cam bang eir coi nhu la cudc x6 sd, hogc nhu la xam xin d den ehua".
Diem nhin van hda dugc Thuy VG kheo leo dat vao ldi cua nhan vat trong truyen de cho thay quan ni?m trdi bude su but pha lam ngan can su phat trien cua gidi nu xa hdi Nam Bg giua the ki XX.
Trong Nhang tdn thap khuya, Thyy Vu kheo leo phe phdn suy nghi cu ki cua nhung con ngudi tinh le tgi gig dinh ehdng eua Thue Nghi khi phan ddi viee ed Ba Ngogn viet nhat trinh hogc Idy ehdng Tay: "Lam thdn con gai ma dam duong cong viec cua dan ong, phdi uong thudc lieu hga may mdi lam dupe, Mp nghi coi, viec vilt nhyt trinh dau phai la viee eiia dan ba?"[ 10, tr 217]. Cd thi ndi, van hda khdng chap nhgn cdi mdi tu sy ddng gdp eug ngudi phu nu xa hdi Nam Bd trudc 1975 hien len rat ro qua diem nhin van hda ma Thyy VG xay dyng, Tham ehi, quan niem cG tu nhung ldi ddn doan ed the bdp nghen ddi sdng eua gidi nu tinh le, Chi em nhd Kim nit na nhung bi ldi ddn eua hang xdm nen hg khong the liy chong trong Thu hoang: "Ho ndi tieng vita kheo leo vua net na, nhung nhung diic tinh cua ho cung bi m6t vai ke x i u mieng tim cdch lam giam bdt di Ho phai mang tieng !a v6 duyen nen khong ed chang trai nao them den coi mat Sd hg la so sdt phu, Tieng du ddn xa. Vi kieng cu nen khong ai dai dot dem con trai minh nhao vd ehd chit" Nhu vay, ddi sdng vdn boa tinh le co anh hudng vd cimg Idn
den so phan cua nu gidi, ddi khi de bep, ddi khi bdp chet ca so phan cua hg,
Cdn mdt diem nhin van hoa ma Thyy Vu xay dyng dugc ddnh gia la rat dgc dao khi viet vl nhung ed gai 1dm qudn bar d Sai Gdn, Hdu het, truyen Ngpn phdo bong, Lao vdo lua, Dim ndi lira... viet ve de tai nay deu dupe tdc gia muqn diem nhin khaeh quan de ke. Qua dd, tac gia dl dang ndi den than phan cua nhiing c6 gai 1dm nghi bu6n phan ban huong mgt each binh ding. Dong thdi, tac gia de dang dien ta cai nhin cua mgi nguoi ddi vdi cdi nghe dugc xem la dudi day xa hpi ma mgi ngudi ddnh cho nhimg cd gai dan than d dat Sdi Thanh nhung ndm trude 1975. Cung khoi ggi cho ngudi dgc cdi nhin vdn hda tit ndi dung dOc ddo eua ede cau ehuyen. Tir diem nhin van hoa tren, Thuy Vu edn ve lai Id trinh lieh su cua Sai Gdn trong giai doan chien tranh ehdng Mi, Nha van xao trdn ddi sdng cua nu gidi dudi sy hgi nhap ciia van hda phuong Tay va md hinh budn ban tinh dye bang d6ng dd la eua linh MT Tu do, khac sau ndi dau cua cac co gai bj eu6n vdo vdng xoay tien bgc vd dye vpng. CGng tit diem nhin van hoa rat hien thyc tren, Thuy Vu ddi lai sy binh ding cho than phan ciia nhung cd gdi ay Nu nha van vach ra mat trai cua chien tranh da dem tdi sir ton thuong Idn ve tinh than dan tdc Khai thdc dilm nhin van boa cd the md ra nhieu hudng nghien eitu khdc nhu xa hdi hgc chii khdng rieng vdn dl nii quyen. Diem nhin van hda da md rgng chilu kich ndi dung cdt truyen cua nha vdn Thyy VG Diem nhin ndy the hien thai dd khdch quan vdi nhiing van de gay nhieu tranh cai trong xa hgi ve nu gioi,
2.4. Diem nhin thdi gian
Nguyin Thi Thyy Vu khdng chi xay dung mgch ehuyen cua minh tren Id trinh tuyen tinh cua dong thdi gian ma edn tgo nen nhung dong thdi gian dao ngupe d l tao nen dd hap din ciia cau chuygn. Cho tran gio kinh thien dugc xay dyng theo thdi gian dao tuyin xen ke: ke ve hi^n tai cua Nguyet, sau dd nhac lgi qud khu budn cua cd d tinh le khi ggp rgc rdi vdi mdi tinh diu tien, Tiep theo la ke theo trat tu tuyIn tinh eae sy kien dien ra khi cd vd Ddng da dgn ra d rieng vdi nhau trong can nha tro binh dan Diem nhin thdi gian 60
TRUCiNG DAI HOC DONG THAP Tap chi Khoa hpc so 35 (12-2018) trong cau chuygn nay dugc dan ben kha phiic tap
vi CO nhieu itiian vat dugc d l cgp din Truyen Ngpn phdo bong co ket cau tuong ty, nhung vi la truyen dai nen bd eye thai gian lgi cd phin don gian ban. Md dau ehuong 1, Nguyin Thi Thuy Vu tao nen cai chet day thuong cam va bi an eua cd gai ten Thdm lam nghe budn phan ban huong qua tya bao tren tay cd gido Lan. Nhung den ehuong 2 va ehuong 3, Nguyen Thi Thuy Vu lgi eat di thdi gian hi^n tai de keo ngudi dpe quay ve vdi thdi gian cua qua khii Tac gia ke ve trinh ty cudc ddi ciia Tham khi da ed kinh nghiem nhieu nam trong nghe va hanh trinh cudc sdng vdi day khdt khao thay ddi eua ed Doan ket Ngpn phdo bdng dupe xoay ehuyen ve thdi diem hien dai, khi mpi ngudi nhd den khoanb khac cua Tham lue con sdng cimg day trp va su chuan bi cho viec dua tien Thdm ve vdi dat trdi Thdi gian hien tai tham dam suy tu ve nhung eon ngudi ludt qua cudc ddi Tham Nhd vdn Thuy Vu xay dyng Nhang tdn thap khuya phan Idn theo trinh ty tuyen tinh, Tuy nhien, xen ke vao do la hang logt cdc dogn vdn mang tinh hdi tudng lai euoe ddi eua nhung ngudi phu nu nhu: Thyc Nghi, me co Tu Kien .. rd rang, nha vdn Thyy Vu da rat y thiie khi xen ke ddng hoi ire de lam sdng ddng lai cudc ddi em trdi eua nhiing ngudi phu nu trong Nhang tdn thap khuya.
Khung riu eiing dugc the hien ve mat thai gian tiia nhu Nhang tdn thap khuya khi md dau bang eugc sdng hien tai cua nhan vat Ngy va quay ve qud khir de nhd lgi tudi tho eo cue cung khat vong eug CO. Tiep theo la tiinh ty ke ve cae nhan vat than quen eua Ngu trong gia dinh bd Phii Xodn ben theo lap thdi gian tuyen tinh nhung sy kien dien ra trong gia dinh ba Phu la nhiing lan hdi tudng ve qua khii eua ede nhan vat: Ba Phu, Nga, Chieu, Ong Phu... Vdi cdch xen ke thdi gian nhu vay, cdt truyen Khung riu khdng don dieu khi xay dung nhieu nhan vat trong tdc pham.
Thu Hoang la mdt tieu thuyet dai ke ve cudc ddi ciia cae ed gai d tinh le VTnh Long, Xuat hien diu tac phim Id hire thu eua Hiep Diic giii cho Lieu noi v l nhiing suy tu hdn trd ciia mdt ed gdi tre titng lim Id nhung lgi cd ban ITnh bo khdng gign tinh le ngdt ngat d l tim den vung dat Sai Gon rdng md.
Sau biic thu la hanh ddng xin nghi day eua Lieu vi cd cung chung khat vong muon thay ddi ddi sdng bd hep noi tinh le nhu Hiep Dire Vdi ldi viet quen thuoe, den ehuong 2, Nguyen Thi Thyy VG lgi hdi tudng ddng qud khii trong cudc ddi cac nhdn vat eua minh. Cau chuyen den day lai trd ve ddng thdi gian tuyen tinh de lot ta cudc ddi eua eac ed gdi tre til thdi cdn la hgc sinh den khi tdt nghigp va cd ddi sdng tu Idp. Tu ehuong 2 trd di, eau chuyen duoe ldi xudi theo ddng thai gian, lan luot ndi ve tuoi tre cug Lieu, Kim, Ganh, Hiep Diic,,. cac cd gai ddy khdt vong va nhieu ndi suy tu,
Lao vdo lua duoc Thuy VG ke theo ehudi thdi gign tuyen tinh tir luc Tu dang loay hoay tim mdt cdng viec de giup dd gia dinh cho den khi cd bude chan vdo nghe phuc vu quan bar va cot mdc thay ddi euoe ddi cd khi cd bat dau con dudng bdn than eiia minh. Viec sit dyng ehudi thdi gian tuyen tinh trong truyen ngan Lao vdo liea nhu keo dai thdi gian cuoe ddi cua Tu. Hon nua, viec sir dung chieu dai thdi gian cang lam cho tam trang cay ding cua Tu ngay mgt ngng ne. Trong truyen ngan Meo dim, thdi gian cung dugc dan xen vdo nhau Tu viec bat dau ke ve qud khir dau budn khi mat dl diia eon eua Loan den quay ve boi cdnh hien tai vdi ga nhan tinh Phret, rdi lai tiep tue goi nhd qua khd khi Loan va Phret gap nhau, eudi cung lai trd ve vdi bien tai Ddng thdi gian dan xen giup Loan tham thia cudc ddi bae beo cua mdt ngudi da di qua xa cho cai nghe phuc vu quan bar, Nhu vgy, du la truyen nggn, truyen dai hay tieu thuyet thi Thuy Vu cung rat chii y viec xay dyng ddng thdi gian dao tuyen xen ke de tao nen dp hap dan cho eau ehuyen va gay td md eho ngudi doc, Viec xay dyng diem nhin thdi gian liic tuyen tinh, liic dao nghich mdt each linh hogt tao nen su dde ddo eho viec the hien vdn de nu trong van xudi Thuy VG.
2.5. Diem nhin khong gian
Diem nhin khdng gian trong sang tac van xudi eua Nguyen Thi Thuy VC chii yeu xoay quanh vung dat Nam Bd. Tir diem nhin khdng gian nay, Thuy VG lot ta net dac trung ma nen van boa Nam Bd anh hudng den van de nu quyen Ddng thdi, diem nhin khdng gian cdn khoi ggi khdt khao biit phd cua gidi nu vung ddt Nam Bd khi ho rdi bo 6 1
TRUCJNG DAI HOC DONG THAP Tap chi Khoa hoc so 35 (12-2018) vimg D6ng bing sdng Ciiu Long d l din vdi do thi
Sai Gdn - noi hua hen sy tu do va ddi mdi. Khdng gian md nin cho cac tac pham dupe nhay mua hda nhip cung dieu tbdi gian tao nen edm gidc 'vira nggp thd eua ddi sdng nu gidi tinh le Nam Bd va su gdp nit, hoi hd, tile thuong ciia nhGng cd gdi sdng d vung dat ndy.
Md d i u trong Khung reu Id canh tugng sdng nude ben canh nhd ba Phu, gdn vdi sy thich thu cua Ngy: "Nang thich ngim miy chiec ghe tiiuong h i vd canh tuang muon man trgn sdng".
Ddi sdng ciia nhung eon ngudi tre tudi nhu Tinh, Ngu, Ngd, Hodng, Tudng bo ggn trong can nha ba Phu. Khdng gian dy nhu bop nghen nhung trai tim mang khdt vong thay ddi manh liet Bd sdng, cdn nha va khong gian tinh le trong tdc phdm cang ddy van de nu quyen len cao trao khi hang loat eac sy kien Idn nhd diu lan lugt dien ra Nhung rung ddng ngay ngat cua nhung euoe tinh vung trpm tu Tudng vd Ngy, Tinh vd Hoang eiing ndi day dirt cua Chieu deu dien ra mot each am tham day birc bdi trong ngdi nha ddy quyen uy vd sy cam cdn ngam ciia dng bd Phu. Khdng gian gia dinh noi tinh le con xuat hien xuyen sudt tdc pham Nhang tdn thap khuya. Can nha khang trang ma vo ehdng Thyc Nghi cu tru trong nha ong Dde phu sir khdng ciru van dugc tinh yeu man ndng cua Thyc Nghi danh cho ehdng. Thue Nghi luon nhd ve khoang khdng gian d thanh phd, ed tim dugc nhip dap nong chay vdi Dire de ket duyen tram nam vdi anh ta. Ay vgy md can nha cua gia dinh chong vdi su chung dung eung nhung cd em ehdng lam Thyc Nghi cam thdy qua ngat thd Cdn nha i y bao chiia nhiing tieu thu Id nggc canh vang c6 huu va anh ehdng chong quen vgng ude eua tuli tre, Khi khong gian dich chuyen sang ede tinh khae bdng nhung ehuyin vui chai thi tam trang Thyc Nghi phan ehan ban. Dde biet, khdng gian bd bien giup ed tim lgi cam xuc vdi chong minh. Tuy cac cd em ehdng dg rdi khdi nha d l kit hon nhung eai khdng khi trong cdn nha ay cung khong t h i chua lanh trdi tim tan lyi trudc tinh yeu cua Thyc Nghi, Khdng gian ngdt ngat tilp tuc Id mdt dilm nhin dupe Tliuy Vu dat vdo xom lao dgng ngheo d Sai Gdn: "Day la xdm lao dpng gdm du hang
ngudi tii xii den day Igp nghiep. Nha cua san sat nhau, chat chgi va mdng danh nhu eai hop quet".
Khong gian ay bd hgp ddi sdng eua nhung con ngudi lao dgng. Mgi nhat cu nhat dgng deu bi soi mdi khien cho nhung ngudi phy nu cang tro nen de chung nhung cung Idm chuyen. Ddi song d ddy nhu birc tir su vung day trong cudc ddi ciia Nguyet. N I U ddi vdi Dong, can nhd chdt b^p ma gnh vd Nguyet thue d xdm trg tu tiing nay la mot manh dit hanh phuc thi Nguyet lgi thay khong gian do giet chet di su tuoi sang vd biit pha tiong cupc ddi ed. Nhung than phgn nhu Ngdi, Lan, ba Tu, bd Xanh cGng luon cam thay hue bdi khi loi song ngdt ngat cua khu pho cit de nen len than phgn ciia hg.
Thuy VG xdy dung diem nhin khdng gian tai cdc qudn bar d Sdi Gdn kha nhieu trong eae tac pham eua nha van. Tu truyen ngan Lao vdo lua, den Ngpn phdo bong, Meo dim deu xoay quanh khdng gian can phdng nhd va quan bar. Cuoe doi eua nhung ed gdi budn phan ban huong loay hoay trong khdng gian ay, hg ed tim dudng nhung khong thodt khdi sd phan ciia minh Khdng khi ngng tnu tir nhung cdn phdng de nang len suy nghi ciia Thdm trong Ngpn phdo bong, ciia Loan trong Meo dim Ho suy tu ve mdt ngdy sd cui vd long de bay di nhung bdn biic tudng ben canh nhirng nhan tinh Viet Nam tre dep, nhung ga tim den vi dye vong cang 1dm cho hg tui than vdi kiep song cua minh Quan bar la mdt khdng gian khdng thudng xuat hien trong vdn hge Viet Nam trude 1975, den vm van xudl Thuy VG, t i n so xuat hien cua no kha nhieu vd gay su chii y dang ke. Khdng gian ay tgo nen nhung cudc ddi dang thuong hay ddng tiach'' C6 le la ca hai. Diem nhin khdng gian bao quanh tinh te ciia vung ddt Nam Bg giup Thuy VG tao nen the manh trong each nhin quen thudc cua minh, Tren co sd dd, nhd vdn de dang xoay sau vao dac trung ngdt nggt cua khdng gian de ndi len so phan bi kiem ham va su khdo khat birt phd cua nhftng nhan vat phu nu.
3. Ket luan
Dilm nhin trin thudt Id mdt yeu td khdng tiie thilu khi tim hiiu mpt tdc pham van hpc. Tir viec tim hieu ve diem nhin tran thudt trong van xuoi
T R U Q N G DAI HOC DONG THAP Tap chi Khoa hoc sd 35 (12-2018) Nguyen Thj Thuy Vu, chung ta ed t h i thiy ring tao nen net dae s i c trong van xudi viet ve nu cua nha van su dyng dilm nhin trong mgt tdc pham nhd van Bdng diem nhin tran thuat d nhieu gdc dp la rat uyen chuyen. Nguyen Thi Thuy Vu tinh te khac nhau ma Thuy VG ve nen nhieu chieu kich xay dyng diem nhin tdm li, diem nhin van hda, pha vd ldi suy nghT cukTvd dua ngudi doe hudng diem nhin khdng gian va diem nhin thdi gian de den nhGng diem nhin khach quan ban./,
Tai lieu tham khao
[1], M. H, Abrahams, Geoffrey Harpham {2011), A Glossary of literature terms, Cengage Leaming, [2], Nguyen Thi My Duyen (2018), Vdn de nii quyen trong vdn xuoi Nguyin Thj Thuy VU, Luan van Thac sT, Trudng Dai hpe Khoa hoe Xa hdi va Nhan nan Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh
[3]. L e B d Hdn, Tran Dinh Sir va Nguyin Khdc Phi (2011), Tie diin thudt ngievdn hpc, NXB Giao dye Viet Nam.
[4]. Cao Kim Lan (2008), "Ly thuyit ve dilm nhin ngh? thuat eiia R Scholes va R, Kellogg", http,//
www.khoanguvan. com. vn/nghien-cuu/ly-luan-va-phe-binh-van-hoc/315-2015-01 -10-11 -3 7-12.html [5], Phuong Lyu (2006), Li luan vdn hpc, NXB Giao dye. Ha Ndi.
[6] Trdn Huyen Sam {2016), NU quyen luan oPhdp vd diu thuyit nie Viet Nam duong dgi, NKB Phy nu. Ha Ndi.
[7]. Trin Dinh Su (2008), Tusuhpc hien dgi, NXB Dgi hpc Su pham. Ha Noi.
[8]. Nguyin Thi Thyy VG (2016), Chiiu minh mong, NXB Hgi Nhd van, Thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh [9]. Nguyin Thi Thyy VG (2016), Khung Reu, NXB Hpi Nha van, Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh.
[10], Nguyin Thi Thuy VG, Nhang tdn thap khuya, NXB Hgi Nha van, Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh NARRATIVE PERSPECTIVE ON FEMINISM IN THE PROSE
BY NGUYEN THI THUY VU Summary
Narrative perspective is an element opening a new view on Feminism in the prose by Nguyen Thi Thuy Vu, From this perspective, it shows not only the risk-taking contents, but also her unique talents vi4ien addressing barriers and breakthoughs made by Southem women during the mid-twentieth century.
Thereby, it affirms Thuy Vu's contribution to Vietnam male literature.
Keywords, Feminism, narrative perspective, Nguyen Thi Thuy Vu, narrative perspective in feminist literature.
Ngdy nhdn bdi: 23/11/2018; Ngdy nhgn lgi: 30/11/2018; Ngdy duyet ddng: 03/12/2018.