TAP CHi KHOA HOC BAI HOC VAN LANG ring Hung Anh
DIEN TOAN DAM MAY - HOI TU VE CONG NGHE
CLOUD COMPUTING - A CONVERGENCE OF TECHNOLOGIES TONG HUNG ANH'') TOM TAT: Dien todn ddm mdy Id mo hinh mai ve phdn phoi vd sir dung cdc dich vu cong nghe thong tin dua tren Internet. Chiing toi se trinh bdy til dinh nghia cho den cdc phdn gidi thieu vi cdc mo hinh dich vu ca bdn cua dien todn ddm mdy. Chiing toi se giai thieu laaS ciia ma ngudn ma Ubuntu Enterprise Cloud la mot bo phdn mem gam nhieu thdnh phdn di tao nen cdc dien todn ddm mdy rieng (Private Cloud) dtra tren ha tdng sdn co ciia cdc phong mdy chii (Server Farm), chung lien ket vat nhau bai cdc loai mang LAN. WAN.
Tir khoa: Dien todn ddm mdy dang tcio ra mot su thay dot ca bdn trong kien triic mdy tinh, phdt triin phan mim vd cd trong cdch chimg ta luu trii. phdn phoi vd sic dung thong tin.
ABSTRACT. Cloud computing is a new model of distribution and use of the services of information technology based on the Internet. We will present its definition together with the introduction to the basic service model of cloud computing. We will introduce laaS of the open source code Urbuntun Enterprise Cloud, being a set of software which comprises many compositions so as to create the private cloud based on the available infrastructure of the service farm, which is linked to various networks such LAN. WAN. etc.
Key words: cloud computing, computer architecture, software development, storage, distribution, and use of information.
1. DAT VAN DE cUng phu hop voi cac dpc gia mu6n nghien Vdi su ra doi ciia dien toan dam may, ciiu va triln khai mot he thong dien toan dieu cap thiet voi tat cii chiing ta la sin dam cho rieng minh.
sang cho cuoc each mang nay. Dien loan Bai viit hucmg d i n muc dich demo dam may dang tao ra mpt su thay dii co (Training Cloud): mpt he thing dien toan ban trong kiln tnic may tinh, phat triln dam may rieng (Private Cloud) phuc vu phan mem, ngay ca trong each chiing ta luu nhu ciu dao tao, trinh diln voi cac img trii, phan phoi va sil dung thong tin. Muc dung, hpc lieu cho giang vien va hpc vien.
dich cua bai viet nay la trinh bay mpt each He thing dien toan dam may nay cho phep CO ban ve cac van de thay dii tren va cung tao moi truang dao tao va thuc hanh cho hucmg den viec trien khai mot he thing hpc vien nhanh chong va thu hli tai nguyen dien toan dam may rieng (Private Cloud), lap tire theo yeu cAu. Giai phap phii hpp phii hpp voi cac dpc gia muln nSm bat cho cac don vi co nhu clu t l chitc dao tao cong nghe moi v l dien loan dam may trong thuang xuyen, lien tue cin tao moi moi Imh vuc cong nghe thong tin tren thi gioi.
'•'ThS Trucmg Dai hoc Van Lang, &nai/ [email protected] v
TAP CHl KHOA HQC B»l HQC VAN LANG trucmg ddo tgo va sau do lai thu hoi tai nguy§n cho moi truong ddo tao moi.
2. NOI DUNG
2.1. Dinh nghia cua NIST vl dien toan dam may
2.1.1. Binh nghta
ViSn Tieu chuan vd C6ng nghe My (the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology viit tdt NIST), da phdt hdnh hai an phdm lien quan den dien todn dam may. Do Id bdn 16 trinh cong ng^e dien todn dam may cua chinh phu My "US Government Cloud Computmg Technology Roadmap" va bdn tdi Ueu tham khao vl kiln tnic dien toan dam mdy NIST "The NIST;: Cloud Computing Reference Architecture".
Vdo thdng 09/2011 NIST da dinh nghTa ve di6n todn dam mdy nhu sau:
"Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. This cloud model is composed of five essential characteristics, three service models, and four deployment models" (*'Di?n toan
dam may Id mpt mo hinh pho bien, thuan ti$n, cho phep truy cap qua mang mdy tinh den cac tai nguyen theo yeu edu ve mdy tinh CO thS dd dugc edu hinh (vi du: mang mdy tinh, cdc may chii, thiSt b; luu trii, cdc umg dung va cdc dich vu) chiing co the nhanh chong dugc cung cdp va gidi phong vdi su qudn ly hodc tuong tdc ciia nha cung cdp djch vu. Mo hinh ddm mdy nay bao
g6m nam dac diem co bdn, ba mo hmh dich vu vd bon mo hinh trien khai").
2.1.2. Tom lifg^c ve dinh nghfa
Hinh 1. Minh hoa vS su hoi t\i cong ngh^ ve di£n toan dam may
(Ngu6n http://www.service-architecture.coni/) Ghi chu: Hardware/Software of the date center implements the Cloud: phan cung/phin mem cua trung tam dft li^u triln khai difn toSn dam may; The Cloud Computing Stack organizes the hardware/software into various service layers: n ^ x6p di^n t o ^ dkm may to chiic phan cung/phan mem trong cac lop dich vu khac nhau; The various types of Clouds all have a Cloud Computing Stack backed by a data center: mpt trung tam d& lieu v6i cac kieu dich vy khac nhau.
NIST dinh nghia ve dien todn dam may vd ciing dua ra ndm dgc diem thiet yeu (Essential Characteristics) ciia ciien todn dam may. Day la tinh hgp ly de ddnh gid ve mpt dich vu di6n toan ddm may, co nghTa la mpt dich vu thieu bdt ky mot trong ndm dac diem nay thi dich vu do khdng th^ dugc coi Id dien todn dam may.
Tiep theo, NIST dinh nghTa ba mo hinh dich vu (Service Models) Dien toan ddm mdy, dgc gid co the tim thay hinh anh mmh hoa va thao luan them vl cai mo hinh dich vu trong cdc loai ddm mdy .tien tii o
TAP CHi KHOA HQC BAI HOC VAN LANG T6ngHiJng Anh lien kit Cloud Computing Categories 6
phdn Tham khdo.
Cudi cung, NIST liet ke bdn md hinh triin khai (Deployment Models), nhu cac mo hinh djch vu. (Dgc gid co thi tim thay hinh dnh minh hpa vd thao luan them ve cdc mo hinh triln khai trong cac loai dam may dien tii o lien ket Types of Clouds in Cloud Computing trong phdn Tdi lieu tham khao.
2.2. Mot hoi tu cua cong nghe trong nganh Cong nghe thong tin
2.2.7. Hpi tu ve cong nghe
Dien todn dam may ra doi voi su hpi tu ve cong nghe trong ngdnh Cong nghe thong tin (A Convergence of Technologies Information Technology). Dien toan dam may dugc thuc hien thong qua ngan xep dien toan dam may (The Cloud Computing Stack). Ngan xep dien todn dam may dugc to chiic bao gom cdc phdn cimg va phdn mem Irong mpt trung tdm du lieu (Data Center) vdi cdc kieu dich vu khac nhau (Types of Clouds).
2.2.2. Ngdn xep dien todn ddm mdy (Cloud Computing stack)
Hinh 2 minh hpa cac moi quan he cua cdc Ca scr ha tang nhu mpt djch vu (laaS), Nen tang nhu mpt djch vu (PaaS), va Phdn mim nhu mpt djch vu (SaaS) trong Ngan xep dien todn ddm may. Tiing loai hinh cung cap dich vu dam may, dpc gid co thi xem 6 cac lien kit sau a phdn tham khdo:
- Phan mem nhu mot dich vu (SaaS) - Nen tang nhu mot djch vu (PaaS) - Co so ha tdng nhu mot dich vu (laaS)
2.3. C o SO' ha tang n h u mot dich vu (laaS)
2.3.1. Co s& ha tdng nhu mot dich vii (laaS)
Tir hinh minh hpa so 2 bieu thj cdc mli quan he ciia cac C o so ha tang nhu mot dich vu chiing ta thay C o so ha tdng nhu mpt dich vu (laaS) la buoc ke tiep xuong tii Nin tang nhu mot dich vu (PaaS) va hai buoc ke tiep xuong tu Phan mem nhu mot djch vu (SaaS) trong Ngan xep dien toan dam mdy.
laaS cung cap cac he dieu hanh (Operating System), mang may tinh (Networking), bao mat (Security) va cac mdy chii (Servers) cac djch vu (Services) la CO so ha tang cho viec trien khai cdc cong cu phdt trien (Developments of Tool) va ca so dir lieu (Database Management) vd de phdt triSn cdc ling dung (Applications).
Oporatlna 5yiit«mc
Vinuallistion
S«rv«riandStonK« > laaS
>-PaBS
>5aaS
Hinh 2. Minh hga cac moi quan h? ciia cac ca sd h?
tSng nhir mpt dich vu {Nguon: http://wv^^.service- architecture.com/)
TAP CHt KHOA HQC PAl HQC VAN LANG Ghi chu: Hosted >^plications Suites of Service:
dich vy cac ling dyng; Development Tools and Database Management cac c6ng cu phat trien v&
quan ly dii li^u; Operating System: h^ dieu hanh;
Virtualization: ao hoa; Server and Storage: may chu
\^ luu trii; Networidng Firewalls^ecurity: ttidng lua/ bao mat; Data Center Physical Plant/Building:
tnmg tam du H^u.
2.3.2, iftt £em Co sir ha tang nhu mgt dich vu (laaS)
Mo hinh di€n todn dam mdy co mot so mi diem sau:
1) Cung cap cho nguoi su dung lira chgn cac dich vy ciia no nhanh chong voi gia ffaanh tuong i^g cac dich vy dugc chgn theo nhu cau su dung dua tren nen tdng co
^ ^ ^ ^ f t d n g tap tnmg ciia di|n toan dam may.
2) Chi phi dau tu ban ddu ve co so ha tang CO thi chgn a miic t h ^ n h ^
3) Khong con phy thugc vao thiet b| va vi tri dia ly ciia thiet bi dang sir dun^ cho phep ngucri sii dung truy c ^ va su dyng he thdng tren bit ky tfaiSt bi nao ma hg dang su dung (ching hgn may tinh ca nhan hoSc di$n thoai thong minh...) thong qua mpt trinh duyet web vd or bat k)t ddu c6 ket ndi Internet true tuyen.
4) Chia se tdi nguyen tren mot pham vi dia ly r$ng Idn, dieu nay mang lai nhieu Igi ich cho nguoi su dvmg, nhdt la doi voi nguoi sue dung co dac tinh phdn tan.
5) Co kha ndng mcr rdng de dang, lya chgn chdt lugng tuong thich cua cac dich vu dugc cimg c ^ tren dien todn ddm may.
6) Co kha ndng bdo mdt mang d ^ tmh tip tnmg tdt hon do su tdp tnmg vl utng dyng va du H^u t r ^ di#n toan dam may.
7) Cac ling dung cua di€n toan dam mdy d§ dang cdp nhat va nang cap mang
d|k; tmh "mgt lln" vd th^ng nhat ve tinh nang bdi le chiing khong dugc cai d|it cd dinh trSn mot may tinh nao.
2.3.3. Nhuoc £em Co s& Afr ting nhu mpt dich vff (laaSX
Tuy CO mgt sd uu diem dugc trinh bdy d phdn muc 2.3.2, md hinh dien todn dam may van cdn mdt sd nhugc diem sau:
1) Tinh rieng tu cd dam bao khdng?
Ligu cac thong tin ngudi sur dung va du: h$u ciia hg dugc chira trSn di6n todn dam mdy cd dam bao dugc rieng tu?
2) Tinh san sang sii dung: Li6u cdc dich vu ddm may cd hi gian doan bdt ngd?
Dieu nay se anh huong den cdng vi?c ciia ngudi sii dung.
3) Mdt du ligu: Khi mgt vai djch v\i luu tru' du: Ii€u tryc tuyen tren dam mdy khdng tiep tyc cung cap dich vy, khien cho ngudi diing phdi sao luu dii li6u cua hg tu di?n toan dam may ve may tinh ca nhdn cd khd nang mdt dii li$u.
4) Khd nang bdo mat: Khi cac dam mdy bi tin cdng ho?ic dgt nh|ip, toan bg dii lieu ciia ngudi su dung sg bi chilm dung.
2.4. TriSn khai ctf s& h^ t^ng nhu m$t dich vu (laaS)
Dam mdy dien todn Ubuntu Duoi goc nhin cua ngudi sii dung thi toan bg dien todn dam may nhu mgt noi cung cap nhieu lo^i dich v\i: kho di^ li$u (tin ti3rc, dm nhac, phim anh ...), noi cd the thue may tinh de ch§y ling dung,... Ngudi sii dyng chi vice md trinh duy$t web, go dia chi trang web la cd dugc dich vy minh cdn (yeu cau).
Hien tai, cdc hudng phat trien cong nghe di6n todn dam may cua Ubunhi gdm ba thanh plidn:
TAP CHI KHOA HOC BAI HOC VAN LANO Tong Hung Aah 1) He dieu hanh may chu Ubuntu trong
dien toan dam may Amazon EC2.
2) Dien toan dam may Ubuntu dimg cho cac to chuc (Ubuntu Enterprise Cloud)
3) Dich vu UbuntuOne la mgt dich vu phan mem (Software as a Service - SaaS.
Hai muc 1 va 2 di theo hucrng laaS (Infrastructure as a Service - dich vu ha tang).
Amazon EC2 la mgt dich vu cho thue may chu ao tren Internet hien dang hoat dong. Khach hang thong qua mgt giao dien web, tir tao va Ichcfi dgng cac may chii ao co cau hinh theo yeu cSu, cai dat cac phSn mem minh can, chay cac ling dung r6i tit may va tra tiSn thue theo gio.
Bi lam dugc nhu vay, cac he diiu hanh may chu trong dam may phai h6 trg mgt loat cac tinh nang tir cum may chu (cluster) cho d6n phin mem do hoa. He dieu hanh Ubuntu Server Edition dugc xay dung theo huong do dl chay tren cac may chu cua Amazon EC2.
Hinh 3. Mmh hoa dien loan dam may Iftuntu (W^uon; https://docs.hpcloud.com/eucalyptus) Ghi chii' Users- ngiroi su dung; Cloud Controller:
bo dicu khi§n dam may, Wallrus Storage Controller
ballrus Storage Contr; Elastic Block Controller; bo digu khifin cac thifit bj luu trii ao;
Cluster Controller: bp dieu khign cac cum may chii- Node Controller; bp di6u khign may chii vat ly.
(Ngue C https://docs.hpcloud.com/eucalyptus/).
Hinh 3 minh hoa dien toan dam may Ubuntu g6m cac may chii lien kk voi nhau bang cac loai mang thong thuong (LAN, WAN, VPN va ca Internet). Nguoi sir dung (Users) thong qua mgt giao dien web ciia phin mIm dieu khien dam may (Cloud Controller - CLC) dd sir dung cac djch vu do dien toan dam may Ubuntu cung dp.
Ubuntu Enterprise Cloud la mgt bp phin mlm g6m nhiSu thanh phin di lao nen cac dien toan dam may rieng (Private Cloud). Niu nhu hien nay, ha ting ciia cac to chirc g6m cac phong may chii (Server Farm) lien ket voi nhau bang cac loai mang LAN, WAN,... thi Ubuntu Enterprise Cloud vIn giO nguyen ha tfing do nhrnig bien chiing thanh mgt dien toan dam may.
Dien toan dam may Ubuntu la mgt dien toan dam may cua rieng tirng t6 chirc, hoat dgng sau tuong lii'a, khac voi dien toan dam may cong cong Amazon hoat dgng tren Internet (Public Cloud). Nhung khi cSn, dien toan dam may Ubuntu co thi mo rgng ra sit dung ca cac dam may cong cong tao thanh mgt dam may h6n hop (Hybrid Cloud).
Kien triic dien toan dam may ciia Ubuntu dtra tren kiln true phin mIm ngu6n mo Eucalyptus gdm nam thanh phin chinh sau:
i) Bg dieu khiln dam may (Cloud Controller): nguoi sir dung dimg phin mIm nay de giao tilp voi dien toan dam may ciia Ubuntu va sir dung cac djch vu cua no.
TAP CHi KHOA HOC DAI HOC VAN LANG So 02/2017 2) Bg digu khiln luu trii (Wallrus
Storage Controller): noi luu anh cdc may ao CO the khoi tao va luu dtr lieu.
3) Bg dieu khien cdc thiet bi luu trii do (Elastic Block Storage Controller): de tao cac partition ciia 6 ciing do, sau do format, mount vdo mgt thu muc nao do de sir dung.
4) Bg dieu khien cac cym may chii (Cluster Controller): khi ngudi sir dung ra lenh khoi tao mgt may chii do, Cluster Controller se quyet djnh cho tao may chii ao tren mdy nao va chuyen lenh cho bg qudn ly may chu do (Node Controller).
Cluster Controller cung quan ly cdc lien ket mang vdi mdy chii do.
Khi CO lenh tir Cluster Controller khoi tao may chii do, Node Controller se: Xac thuc ngudi sir dung; Tdi tap tin dnh may chu ao tir Wallrus Storage Controller ve;
Tao cdc card mang do cdn thiet; Khoi tao may ao theo yeu cau.
5) Bg dieu khien may chii vat ly (Node Controller): bg dieu khien nay chay tren timg may chii vat ly trong dien toan dam mdy cua Ubuntu. No qudn ly cac thong tin phdn Cling va phdn mem ciia mdy chu vat
ly do (s6 lugng cdc bg vi xii ly, bg nho, dung lugng 6 ciing,...).
3. K E T LUAN
Trong bai viet nay, chiing toi da trinh bdy tir dinh nghia cho den cdc phan gioi thieu ve cac mo hinh dich vu co ban ciia dien todn dam mdy cQng nhu gioi thieu laaS ciia ma nguon mo Ubuntu Enterprise Cloud la mgt bg phan mem gom nhieu thdnh phan de tao nen cac dien todn dam may rieng (Private Cloud) vd co the m o rgng sic dung ca cac dam mdy cong cong (Public Cloud) tao thdnh mgt dam may hon hgp (Hybrid Cloud) trong mgt tinh huong dua tren ha tdng ciia cac phong may chii (Server Farm) lien ket voi nhau bang cac loai mang LAN, WAN,... san co, phii hgp cho viec nam bat cong nghe moi ve dien toan dam mdy trong linh vuc cong nghe thong tin tren the gioi; chung toi ciing da trinh bay kien true dien todn ddm mdy ciia Ubuntu dua tren kien tnic phan mem nguon mo Eucalyptus phii hgp cho cac dgc gia muon nghien cim va trien khai dien todn dam may rieng (Private Cloud) dua tren ha tang san c6 ciia cdc phong may chii.
TAI LIEU T H A M K H A O
1. NIST (2011). US Government Cloud Computing Technology Roadmap.
https:/A\'ww.nist.gov; sites'default/files/documents/itl/cloud/SP_500_293_volumeI-2.pdf.
2. NIST (2011). The NIST Cloud Computing Reference Architecture.
3. NIST (2011). The NISI Definition of Cloud Computing.
4. NIST (2011). Bdn Id trinh cdng nghi dim todn ddm mdy cua cliinh phii My-NIST, Tap J, phiin bdn 1.0 (Du thdo) Ban dich ciia Le Trung NghTa.
5. NIST (2011). KiST (2011). ropbox. com/s/80ne28qvbsxab8r/US- CloudComputingRoadMap-20n-Vi-14ll2011.pdfl41120n.pdf' .pdf .html" n ng.
6. Douglas K Barry (2017). Web Services, Se/-viee-Oriented Architectures, and Cloud Computing. Xudt ban boi Barry va Associates, Inc.
Ngay nhdn bai: 07/11/2016. Nga% bien tap xong: 15,02 2017. Duyet ddng: 20/3/2017