CHINH SACH
TI Dfl HOA D P vy BAO HUM
TRONG Dil GANH GIA NHAP C0N6 ODNG KINH Tt ASIAN
Nguyen Thi Thuy*
* TS. Khoa Qu^n trj - Trudng Pai hoc Luat TP. Ho Chi Minh.
ThoDg tin b i i vi^t:
Tir khod: hpi nhap; bao hiem; djch vy bao hiim; ty do hoa thj tmong; cpng dong kinh te Asean.
L'chsubdi viet:
Nhanbai: 25/U/2016 Bient^p: 05/12/2016 Duy?tbai: 28/12/2016
Tom tit:
Bki viet phan ttch nhimg thu^n 1^. kho khan va thach thuc doi vm nganh bao hiem Vi^t Nam khi th^^c hifn ti^ do hoa djch \'v bao hiem trong khoi Cpng dong kinh te ASEAN (AEC). Thong qua s\r phan tich nay, tac gia chimg minh sy tac dpng cua vifc hpi nh^p se co nhimg anh hudng doi vui nen kinh te va phap luat kinh doanh bao hiem (KDBH) Vift Nam, tir do dua ra nhimg kien nghj ve chinh sach kinh te cung nhir nhimg sira doi, bd sung cac quy djnh ciia phap iu^t KDBH Vi^l Nam nhim dap ung nhu cau h$i nh^p.
Article Infomation:
Keyn'ords: integration, insurance sei^ices, market liberalization, ASEAN Economic Commimity.
Article History- Received: 25 Nov. 2016 Edited: 05 Dec 2016 Approved: 28 Dec. 2016
Abstract:
This article analyzes Ihe advantages, difficulties and challenges for Viet- nam's insiuance industry when liberalization of insurance services in the ASEAN Economic Community is widely spread. Through the analysis, it is the author's demonstrations of the integration impacts on the economy and the insurance laws of Vietnam, from which it is proposed recommen- dations for economic policies as well as amendments to Vietnam laws on insurance business in order to meet the integration requirements.
1. Nhung n$i dung hpi nhap cua djch v^
bao hiem \'i|t Nam khi gia nhap Cpng dong kinhte ASEAN
Djch vu bao hiem Vi^t Nam van con kha non tre so vcri cac nucrc trong khu vuc.
So voi cac nuac phat trien nhu Singapore, Thai Lan thi doanh thu phi bao hiem cua chung ta con khiem ton. Cy the, thj trucmg bao hiem Singapore - thj trucmg phat triln
nhat khu vyc Dong Nam A - co tong doanh thu tu bao hiem nhan thp va phi nhan thp nam 2013 dat g4n 23 ty USD'. Trong khi do doanh thu phi bao hiem nhan thp ciia Viet Nam nam 2015 ucrc dat 68.688 ty d6ng, tucmg ducmg khoang 3 ty USD^.
Doi vai djch vy bao hiem, cac quoc gia thanh vien AEC da cam ket ty do hoa vao nam 2015 bao gom:
Ngu> en Thi Tuyet "Cgng dfing kiiUi tc ASEAN - co hpi v4 thach thirc cho nganh tai chinh Vi?I Nam" - Tgp chi Khoa lK?c sa h^i Vift Nam. so 8(93) - 2015. ir 10
Wtt'W.MOF.GOVVN - Cong thong tin d)?n ni - Cyc Giam sat bao hiem ding ngay 10/2/2016.
—: , H O H I l N CUUI A A Sd03(331)T2/2017^LAp p H A P ' ^ w
CHiNH SACH
CicHivvelXohriin
Blo hidn (gk) nMn lip Blohiiin(gk)pNiMnliQ
T i i b l o h i ( m i 4 l l i U o N e i n l i < p (iftbuccssjofl)
Tnjng gjsi bAo M m
Cic i « M i 4ch vv P*<V Irv ote Mo hMin
e t c quAc gia ttdnh vi(n fl cam kit I H / C I i i ( n l v ( l o h 6 a v t e n l m 2 0 1 5 Wwiawa, Ptifipiiines
Bmnei, Camliade, Indoneaa, t M ^ i i i i , PMIpiiinM, Singapore v i \A(I N m Bmnei, Camboda. Indoneaia. Malayaia.
PMppines, Singapore « i V M i a m Cambodia, IXalayiia, Indonesia, Phippinea. Singapore v t w t t Nam Bmnei, Cambodta, Indonesia
Nguon: Trang Di?n tu Hi^p hdi bdo hiem Vift Nam. ngdy 2 7 2Q0I4 ^
Nhu vay, theo bang cam ket tren day, Vi?t Nam da cam ket t\r do hoa dich xu bao hiem tir nSm 2015 doi vai cac llnh vyc bao hiem goc phi nhan thg; tai bao hiem va tai bao hiem tiep (retrocession); trung gian bao hiem. Doi voi llnh vyc bao hiem nhan thp, Vi?t Nam chua thyc hi^n vi?c ty do hoa.
LTnh vyc bao hiem nhan thp I^ ITnh vyc con kha moi me ciia Vi?t Nam. Mai d^n nkm 2000, khi chung ta ban hanh Lull KDBH thi d(ch vy bao hiem nhan thp moi b^t d^u phat trien bing viec cac cong ty bao hi^m nhan thp nuac ngoai vao ho^t dpng tgi Vict Nam.
Do \ ay. neu chiing ta quyet djnh ty do hoa djch \ \\ bao hiem nhan thp qua sam se gay nhimg bdt It^i cho ITnh vyc bao hi^m nhan thp VICM Nam vai hi?n tuqng ckc doanh nghiep bao hi^m (DNBH) nhan thp nuac Dgoai tai Vi?t Nam se roi bo thi truong. Voi cac nganh djch vy phy trp ciia bao hi^m, chimg ta cung chua cam k^t hpi nhap vi day la nhimg djch vy yeu cau kha nSng cgnh tranh cao. yong khi do cac DNBH Vi^t Nam chua CO nhieu kinh nghi?m trong vi^c thi^t ke \ a cung cap cac djch vy nay.
Trong ITnh vyc bao hiem, Vipt Nam cam ket ty do hoa ca 4 phuomg thuc: cung cap djch vy qua bien gicri (phucmg thtic 1);
tieu diing ngoai lanh tho (phuang thuc 2);
hipn dipn thuang mgi (phucmg thtic 3); hipn dipn the nhan (phuomg thtic 4).
Cy the, theo cam ket nay, sau AEC, cac DNBH tCr cac nuac ASEAN co th6:
Cung cap djch vy bao hiem tryc tiep cho c^c ca nhan, to chiic a nuoc ASEAN khac;
Ckc ca nhan, to chtic trong ASEAN co the ty do mua cac djch vy bao hiem cr cac nuac ASEAN khac;
Cac DNBH ASEAN dugc mo cong ty, chi nhanh hogt dpng cr nuac ASEAN khic;
Cac chuyen gia bao hiem co th^ ty do kiem vipc lam, cung c^p djch vy a ckc nuoc ASEAN khac (can cii theo Ip trlnh cam k6t ciia timg qudc gia ASEAN cy the, nhung mye tieu \k se ty do hoa toan bp 6 tSt ca cic nuac ASEAN vao nam 2020).
Vipc thyc hipn cac npi dung cam kat tren day se tgo di^u kipn cho cac DNBH Vipt Nam gia nhap v^o thj truong bao hiem cua
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vnNcviiltcm | Q : 5 226 M A N Defauh.aspx.
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; HVHitH einiI LAP P H A P - S«03{331)T2/2017
CHINH SACH cac nuoc ASEAN. Dong thai, cac DNBH
cac nuoc ASE.AN cung co co hpi tham nhgp vao thj truong bao hiem Vipt Nam thong qua cac phuang thOrc da dugc cam kit.
2. Tac dgng cua ty do hoa djch vu bao hiem trong cgng dong kinh te ASEAN doi vtii nen kinh te \ i^t Nam
Vcri mpt thj truang bao hiem con non kem nhu Viet Nam hien nay thi viec hpi nhap bao hiem la van de can quan tam va can nhac. Khi thyc hien cac cam Vkt hpi nhap, chiing ta phai dam bao giup cac DNBH Vipt Nam co the mo rpng thj phkn sang cac nuoc khac nhung ciing phai dam bao khong de cac cong ty bao hiem nuoc ngoai thon tinh thj truang bao hiem Viet Nam.
Tuy nhien, cung phai thira nhan rang, tac dpng ciia hpi nhgp kinh te da mang den hp qua, so luprng cac DNBH co sy gia tang dang ke. Dgc bipt, so lupng cac cong ty bao hiem c6 von dau tu nuoc ngoai tang gan 2 lan trong giai dogn 2007 - 2015. Hpi nhgp sau rpng da gop phan tang quy mo ciia cac DNBH noi rieng va thj trucmg bao hiem noi chung. Trong nam 2015. tong doanh thu bao hiem ucrc dgt 81.374 ty dong, chiem khoang 2% GDP-. Trong do, tong doanh thu phi bao hilm uoc dat 68.024 ty ddng, tang 21.43%
so vcri Cling ky nam 2014. miic tang cao nhat trong giai dogn 2011 - 2015, doanh thu tir hoat dpng dau tu dat 13.000 ty dong. Doanh thu trong llnh \ uc bao hiem phi nhan thp uoc dgt 31.374 ty dong (tang U^o) - h6i phyc da tang truong truoc nam 2010, trong khi doanh thu phi bao hiem nhan thp uoc dat 36.650 ty ddng, tang 29,5% - toe dp tang truang cao nhat 10 nam qua^.
Vipc Viet Nam ty do hoa dich vy bao
hiem yong cpng dong kinh te .\SEAN se co nhung tac dpng tich cyc den nen kinh te \ a thi truang bao hiem \'iet Nam. Nhirng ket qua ma nganh bao hiem Met Nam co the dat dugc bao gom:
- Tu do hoa djch vu bao hiem se giiip ma rpng cac san pham bao hiem do giao luu thuang mai, van tai hang khong phat trien.
LTnh w c bao hiem phi nhan thp da dugc cam ket ty do hoa. Bao hiem phi nhan thp bao gom hai logi hinh bao hiem: bao hiem trach nhiem dan sy va bao hiem tai san. Hai logi hinh bao hiem na\ rat thong dyng trong hogt dpng kinh doanh. De dam bao an toan tai san. hang hoa... trong kinh doanh, cac doanh nghiep thudng phai mua bao hiem tai san. Dot vdi cac hoat dpng kinh doanh nhu dich vy van chuven dudng bien, dich vy hang kiidng, cac doanh nghipp se phai tien hanh mua bao hiem trach nhipm dan sy de tranh nhCmg nii ro trong \ipc bdi thudng thipt hgi cho ngudi thii ba neu phat sinh trach nhipm dan sy. Khi giao luu thuong mai va van tai hang khdng phat trien, cac DNBH se phat trien djch vy bao hiem trach nhipm dan sy va bao hiem tai san.
- Ty do hda djch vu bao hiem giiip md rpng hoat dgng dau tu ra nudc ngoai ciia cac DNBH. Mac dii Nha nudc ta da chu trpng den viec phat trien thj trudng bao hiem bang vipc ban hanh cac van ban phap luat nhu Nghj djnh sd 100/1993/ND-CP ngay
18 12/1993 vk KDBH. tilp sau dd la viec ban hanh Luat KDBH nam 2000 va Lugt sira ddi, bd sung mpt sd dieu ciia Lugt KDBH nam 2010. Song song vdi dd la cac chinh sach, chien luge ve phat tnen thj trudng bao hiem nhu Nghj djnh sd 193 QD-TTg ngay 15 12i2012 ve chien luge phat trien thj
TS Lc Thl Thuy \'an. "Thi trutmg tii chinh \'i^i \ a m trong hpi nhjp kmh ti quoc i^: Nhung lac dgng tich cyc va mpi s6h»nche". w^i* mof gown - Cong tbong nn Bg Tai chinh - Vifn Chien lupc va Chmh sach tai chinh dSng ngay 07 •06 2016,
- , H O H I I H CUUI A C S6 03(331|T2/201-' _ LAP p H A P ''"»'
CHINH SACH
Mot so chi tieu phat trien thi trirtug bao liiem
Don VI. ty dong
Doanh thu phi bao hiem Ty trpng doanh thu cua
bao hiem phi nhan thp Cb) Ty trpng doanh thu cua
bao hiem nhan thp {%) Dau tu tro t^i nen Itinh te Boi thucmg va tra tien bao hiem
2010
30.842
55.3
44,7
79.069
12.300 2011
36.552
56.2
43.8
81439
15.971 2012
41.248
55,4
44,6
89.567
16.649 2013
46.130
49,5
50,5
113.682
17.821 2014
52.680
47,9
52,1
131.371
18.552 2015*
68.024
46,1
55,9
152.543
21.160 Ngudn: Tong hpp tir .\ien gidm ihf tnrang bdo hiim Vift Nam cdc ndm. *. So uac linh
trudng djch vy bao hiem Vipl Nam giai doan 2011 - 2020 cua Thu tudng Chinh phu. Tuy nhien, thj trudng bao hiem \'iet Nam van cdn phai trien kha khiem ton.
Bang tdng hgp tren cho thay, chi tieu phat trien ciia thi trudng bao hiem Vict Nam kha thap, tdc dp tang trudng cua djch \ u KDBH cdn cham, tham chi cd chi tieu nam sau cdn thap hon nam trudc. Ty do hda djch vy bao hiem se giiip cac DNBH Viet Nam dau tu ra nudc ngoai, cd ca hpi de hpc hdi nghipp vy KDBH va dau tu tir cac nudc trong khu vyc.
Tang th( phan ddi \ d i hogt dpng cung cap dich vy bao hiem xuyen bien gidi.
Cung cap dich vu bao hiem xuyen bien gidi la \ iec cung img djch vy bao hiem rd Ianh thd cua Ben nay sang lanh thd Ben khac;
26
NOHItN CUUhoac cung cap djch vy bao hiem trong lanh thd ciia mgt Ben cho ca nhan thupc Ben khac; ho^c cung cap dich vy bao hilm cho cong dan ciia Ben nay dang boat dpng tren lanh tho ciia Ben Ichac. Khi chung ta tham gia vao AEC, cac DNBH nuoc ngoai dupic phep cung cap djch vy bao hiam vao thj tnicmg Vipt Nam va ngupe Iai, cac DNBH Vipt Nam cung dupc cung cSp djch vy bao hiem ra nuoc ngoai thong qua cac phuong thirc da thoa thuan.
- Giai quyet dtrpc van ii kho khan ve nhan sy cap cao nhir cac chuyen gia tinh toan phi bao hiim, chuyen gia ve d i u tu tai chinh, luat, chuyen gia phan tich nii ro. Ho?t dpng KDBH CO d6i tupng kinh doanh la nii ro, la yeu 16 trim tupng, v i v^y, phi bao hiim (tire gii ca ciia san phjm bao hiim) khong P H A P yS6 03(331)T2C017
CHINH SACH phai dugc hinh thanh dya vao gia thanh ctia
san pham ma dya vao xac suat rui ro. \'iec tinh toan xac suat nii ro ciia cac san pham bao hiem tuong ty trudc de dinh ra mirc phi cho san pham bao hiem sau la vd cung phiic tgp. Thj trudng bao hiem Viet Nam la thj trudng cdn kha non tre, vi vgy, cac chuyen gia tinh toan phi bao hiem chua dam bao dat den trinh dp chuyen nghipp. Khi hpi nhap bao hiem, chung ta cd the thu hut dugc nhicu chuyen gia gidi tir nudc ngoai vao lam vipc tai Vipt Nam va ngugc lai, cac chuyen gia tinh toan phi bao hiem ciia Vipt Nam cd CO hgi ra nudc ngoai de hpc hdi kinh nghipm. Ngoai ra, song song vdi vipc thyc hipn hoat dpng KDBH, cac DNBH cdn thyc hien cac hogt dgng dau tu tai chinh. Day la hoat dgng kinh doanh bd trg cita DNBH nhung Iai mang den lgi nhuan ldn cho DNBH. Hpi nhgp bao hiem sc giup nganh bao hiem giai quyet khd khan uong vipc dao tgo cac nhan sy cap cao trong cac ITnh vyc nhu dau tu tai chinh, luat, phan tich nii ro.
- Thu hilt ngudn vdn cho nen kinh te thdng qua kenh bao hiem. Hogt dgng KDBH ngoai viec cung cap djch %u bao hiem cho cac td chirc. ca nhan trong xa hpi cdn la kenh huy dgng \ dn cho nen kinh te. Thdng qua vipc cac DNBH thu phi bao hiem de tgo lap quy bao hiem nham chi tra bao hiem. khi quy bao hiem tgm thdi nhan rdi, cac DNBH se sii dyng sd vdn nay de dau tu vao nen kinh te. Hgi nhap bao hiem se giiip cac DNBH Viet Nam md rpng thi phan, ddng nghia vdi viec doanh thu phi bao hiem cua cac DNBH Viei Nam tang len, quy bao hiem nhan rdi se ldn. Vipc thu hut ngudn vdn tir kenh bao hiem cho nen kinh te se ngay cang gia tang.
Tuy nhien, khi thuc hipn hpi nhap, nganh bao hiem Viet Nam ciing dimg trudc nhung khd khan, thach thuc sau:
- Cac DNBH cd quy md nhd, vdn phap dinh thap. Theo quy dinh tgi Nghi dinh sd 73/2016A'D-CP ngay 01/7/2016 cua Chinh phli thi mirc vdn phap djnh ciia DNBH nhan thg la 600 ty VND, mijrc vdn phap djnh cua DNBH phi nhan thp la 300 ty VND. Theo cam ket hpi nhgp, Viet Nam se ty do hda bao hiem chi vdi llnh \ yc bao hiem phi nhan thg. Vdi mirc vdn phap djnh ddi vdi DNBH phi nhan thp la 300 ty VND (chua d^n 1,5 trieu USD) thi viec cgnh tranh
\e kha nang tai chinh ctia cac DNBH Viet Nam vdi cac DNBH nudc ngoai la vd ciing khd khan. Hipn tgi, co quan quan ly bao hiem d mpt sd nudc da nang miic quy djnh ve vdn de nang cao nang lyc canh tranh va phti hgp vdi cac cam ket ASEAN (vi dy, cac nudc Indonesia, PhiUipines. cac DNBH phai tang vdn vdi nhirng mdc thdi hgn bat bugc Tkt cy th^ vao 31/12 2014, 31/12/2016^..).
Mudn nang cao kha nang tai chinh, cac DNBH Vipt Nam phai cd lg trinh lang vdn dieu le. Miic tang nay phai tuong duong vdi cac DNBH nudc ngoai. Nhimg dieu nay lit tuong ddi khd vdi cac DNBH Vipt Nam khi kha nang tai chinh cd han. Mudn khac phyc dugc thyc trgng nay, cac DNBH Vipt Nam phai cd phuong an tang vdn dieu 1? trong thdi gian ngan de dam bao cgnh tranh dugc vdi cac DNBH nudc ngoai.
- Cac san pham bao hiem cita DNBH Viet Nam cung img ra thi trudng hau het ta cac san pham bao hiem truyen thdng. Siic hap dan va sy dam bao an toan cho ngudi dugc bao hiem ciia cac san pham nay chua cao. De dam bao canh tranh, cac DNBH Vipt
Ngo Trung Dung, Phd Tong Ihir kv Hicp hpi bao hicm Vift Nam, "AEC - Co hgi d6i v http wwr-w.hicphoibaohicmvictnani.vTjc^pnh|tngiy 18'11/2016.
I cac DNBH Vi?i Nam".
, NOHIlN CUU' lyj S 6 0 3 ( 3 3 1 ) T 2 / 2 0 1 7 \ _ L A P P H A P ^ '
CHINH SACH
Nam phai tien hanh ddi mdi cac san pham bao hi^m. Ngoai ra, can phai chti ygng den
\ ipc xay dyng cac san pham cd siic hap dan vdi ngudi mua bao hiem tren co sd dam bao quy^n lgi cho nhirng ngudi tham gia bao hiem.
- Hipn nay, phi bao hiem ciia thj trudng bao hiem Viet Nam kha cao. Hon nira, tren thyc tk. ckc DNBH Niei Nam sau khi ban bao hiem chu y^u tai lai cho cac DNBH nudc ngoai. Sku cac DNBH Viet Nam khdng giam phi. hpi nhgp se giiip cac DNBH nudc ngoai tiep can thi trudng Viet Nam. \'di mirc phi thap. cac DNBH nudc ngoai se de dang thu hut khach hang mua bao hiem tgi doanh nghipp minh.
- Trinh dp nghipp vy quan ly ciia cac DNBH Vipt Nam chua cao, phong each kinh doanh chua chuyen nghipp. Cac tranh chap bao hiem tren thj trudng Vipt Nam kha nhieu. Ngu\en nhan dan den tranh chap thucmg la do cac DNBH khdng thyc hipn trach nhipm bao hiem ho§c do DNBH khdng giai thich cy the dieu kipn, dieu khoan bao hiem cho ben mua bao hiem dan d8n gay nham lan \e pham vi bao hiem. De khac phyc tinh trgng nay, cac DNBH ckn chii trgng den vipc nang cao trinh dp quan ly, nang cao uy tin trong kinh doanh, tao Ihucmg hipu cho minh de cd the cgnh tranh vdi cac DNBH nudc ngoai.
- Mang ludi khai thac ciia cac DNBH Vipt Nam khdng dn djnh. thieu tinh chuyen nghipp. Da so cac dgi ly bao hiem thyc hipn hogt dgng dai Iy vdi tu each la mpt ngh^
phy, mpt cdng vipc lam them, vi th^ ma hp chua thgt sy chii trpng den vipc nang cao trinh dp chuyen mdn, nghipp vy v^ bao
hiem. Chinh vi vay, vipc tu \an ckc san pham bao hiem cho khach hang ciia cac dgi K bao hiem kha sa sai, thieu tinh chuyen nghiep, anh hudng den quyen lgi ciia ngucri mua bao hiem. Trong khi dd. mang ludi dgi ly ciia cac DNBH nudc ngoai hogt dgng kha chuyen nghipp, trach nhiem nghe nghipp cita hg cao. Neu cac DNBH \iet Nam khong khic phyc dugc diem \eu nay se de mat thj phan ngay tren san nha.
3. Mpt so kien nghi ve chinh sach kinh te de phuc vu cho viec gia nhap Cpng dong kinh te ASCAN doi vdi djch v^ bdo hi^m cua Mpt Nam
Trong bdi canh hpi nhgp, nham thiic day thj trudng bao hiem phat trien ben vimg, bat kjp xu hudng phat trien ciia thj trudng the gidi, CO quan quan ly bao hiem dang khdng ngimg nd lyc hoan thipn, lien tyc cgp nhgt, sira ddi ca che chinh sach nhiim dam bao phil hgp vdi qua trinh md ciia, tien tdi chuan mye qudc te. song van dam bao quyen lgi ciia DNBH trong nudc cung nhu quyen lgi ctia ben mua bao hiem*.
De giiip cho cac DNBH ty tin trong qua trinh hgi nhap, Bp Tai chinh da cd quy djnh: "Ve lmh vyc bao hiem: Tiep tyc trien khai, hoan thipn cac chinh sach de thyc hipn cac cam ket ve djch vy bao hiem trong ckc Hipp djnh thuong mgi cita Vipt Nam, hoan thipn cac quy djnh quan ly, giam sat, quan tri doanh nghipp, cai thipn mdi trudng dau tu, nang cao nang lyc cgnh tranh ciia ckc DNBH, thuc day sy phat tri^n ciia thj trudng bao hiem"'. Cu the hda quy djnh nay, nginh bao hi^m can thyc hipn cac giai phap sau:
Thu nhdl. thuc hipn vipc nang cao nang lyc tai chinh cho cac DNBH bSng vipc
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6 Phung Ngpc Khanh. Cyc Iruong Cue giam sal bao hicm. Bp Tai chinh. -Th, tnicmg bao hi6m Vi^t Nam tnen khai m?nh cic cam kcl mo cua hpi nh^p". T?p chi Tii chinh, Ky 1 thing 10/2015.
Chl thj s6 O: tT-BTC ngav 1 s 012016 cua Bp Tai chinh vfi hpi nhip trong lmh s-^c ta. chmh NOHItN CUU .
L A P P H A P V S 6 03{331)T2/2017
CHiNH SACH sap nhap cac DNBH d^ tang kha nang canh
tranh. Hien nay. vipc tang vdn dieu Ip cho cac DNBH vira khd khan, vira la giai phap mang tinh din ban. nen trudc mat, chiing ta nen thyc hipn vipc sap nhgp cac DNBH nhu da timg Iam vdi nganh ngan hang. Thyc hipn dugc dieu nay se tang kha nang tai chinh cho cac DNBH de thyc hipn tdt hoat dgng chi tra bao hiem cung nhu hogt dgng dau tu tai chinh.
Thir hai. ckc DNBH phai tgp trung chii ygng xay dyng cac san phim bao hi^m mdi nham dap iing nhu cau ciia thj trudng bao hiem, nhu: xay dyng cac san pham bao hiem riii ro mgng, bao hiem bao lanh, bao hiem tin dyng... Hipn nay, cac DNBH Vipt Nam chii yku khai thac cac san phim bao hi§m truydn thdng nhu bao hiem con ngudi, bao hiem trSch nhipm dan sy, bao hiem tai san ma chua chu trpng den cac san pham bao hiem cao cap trong ITnh vyc tin dyng, ngan hang, chiing khokn. Trong khi dd, djch vy tki chinh - ngan hang, chiing khoan ngay cang phat trien theo xu the phat trien ciia nen kinh te va hpi nhgp. Neu cac DNBH trien khai dugc cac hinh thiic bao hiem phyc vy ckc linh vyc tren se tang sue cgnh tranh, md rgng thj trudng va dap ung dugc nhu cau phat trien cua nen kinh te.
Thir ba, cac DNBH phai xay dyng cac kenh ban hang chuyen nghipp. Hogt dgng ban bao hiem cua DNBH dugc thyc hipn bang vipc ban bao hiem tryc tiep hogc thdng qua trung gian nhu dgi ly bao hiem, mdi gidi bao hi^m. Tuy nhien. hipn nay, kenh trung gian bkn hang ciia cac doanh nghipp cdn rit yeu ve nghipp vy va thieu tinh chuyen nghipp. De md rpng kenh phan phdi san pham bao hiem, cac DNBH can chu ypng den vipc dao tgo mgng lirdi dai ly bao hiem cd uinh dp chuyen mdn ve bao hiem va c^ch thiic ban hang chuyen nghipp. Ngoai ra, Nha nudc ciing phai tgo dieu kipn thugn lgi trong vipc thanh lgp cac cdng ty mdi gidi bao hiem de ho trg cho sy phat uien ciia thj trudng bao hi^m.
Thir tu. ckc DNBH can md rdng quy md hogt ddng ciia minh bang vipc thanh lap them van phdng dgi dien, chi nhanh. Dgc bipt, NTia nudc can phai cd ca che tao dieu kipn de thanh lap cac DNBH Hen doanh, DNBH 100% vdn nudc ngoai d^ tang cudng tinh chuyen nghipp va da dang cho thj trudng bao hiem Met Nam.
Thir ndm. N'ha nudc \ a cac DNBH can quan tam den vipc mua lai cac DNBH nudc ngoai de md rdng hogt dgng KDBH ra nudc ngoai mgt each nhanh nhat, vdi chi phi thap nhit. Hipn nay, vipc mua lgi cac doanh nghipp da cd stn la phuang thirc thanh lap doanh nghipp nhanh vi tdn it chi phi nhat.
Mpc mua lgi cac DNBH cd san d nudc ngoai la mgt phuang thuc gia nhgp thj trudng bao hiem nudc ngoai vdi ca cau quan ly va thi phan skn cd, dieu nay giiip cac DNBH Vipt Nam tidp cgn dugc thj trudng bao hiem nudc ngoai trong thdi gian ngan nhat.
4. Kien nghj sira doi mpt so npi dung ciia phap luat kinh doanh bao hiem Vi^t Nam de nang cao hipu qua hpi nhap ASEAN d6i v6i dich vy bao hiem
Mgt trong nhirng ngi dimg cam ket ve djch vu bao hiem trong AEC la cac DNBH tir cac nudc ASEAN cd the thyc hipn vipc cung cap dich vy bao hiem tryc tiep cho cac ca nhan, td chiic d nudc ASEAN khac, cac ca nhan, td chiic trong ASEAN cd the ty do mua cac djch vy bao hiem d cac nudc ASEAN khac. De cac cam ket nay dugc thyc thi mgt each hipu qua, cac nudc ASEAN phai chii trpng den vipc hoan thipn phap lugt ve KDBH ciia minh. Ddi vdi Vipt Nam, de phap luat KDBH thyc sy la cdng cy phap ly hiru hipu bao ve quyen va lgi ich cac ben trong quan hp bao hiem, Nha nudc phai chii trgng bd sung va sira ddi cac quy djnh sau:
Thir nhdt, phkp luat KDBH can cd nhiing quy djnh chi tiet \e trach nhipm ciia chi nhanh cdng ty bao hiem nudc ngoai khi
4 CUUI nn Sd 03(331) T2/2017^ LAP P H A P ^ ^
CHINH SACH
thvc hien hoat dpng kinh doanh tai Viet Nam. Hien nay, Nghj dinh s6 73/2016A'D- CP ngay 01 /7/2016 cua Chinh phu quy dinh chi ti6t Luat KDBH va Luat sua doi bo sung mpt so di6u ciia Luat KDBH co quy dinh ve dilu ki?n thanh lap chi nhanh DNBH nuoc ngoai tai Viet Nam, nhung chua quy dinh chi ti^t quyjn va nghla vu ciia chi nhanh khi hoat dpng tai Vi?t Nam. Trong khi do. npi dung nay la cin thiit de chi nhanh cong ty bao hijm nuoc ngoai hoat dpng tai Viet Nam CO hieu qua, d6ng thai cQng la co so phap ly ii bao V? quyjn Ipi nguoi mua bao hiem, nguai dupc bao hiem.
Thir hai. de dam bao kha nang tai chinh cua DNBH Vift Nam co the canh tranh \ cii cac DNBH nuoc ngoai, Chinh phii cSn tang muc von phap dinh doi voi cac DNBH va doanh nghiep moi giai bao hiem cua Vi?t Nam. Hi$n nay, theo quy djnh ciia phap lu^t hi?n hanh, mirc \on phap dinh ciia cac DNBH nhan thp la 600 ty d6ng, DNBH phi nhan thp 300 ty dong, doanh nghiep moi gioi bao hiem 4 ty dong la qua thap. Vcri mirc v6n phap djnh hi?n nay, cac DNBH va doanh ngKi^p moi gioi bao hiem Viet Nam kho CO the c^nh tranh ve kha nang tai chinh voi cac DNBH nuoc ngoai.
Thir ba. can sira doi, bo sung mpt so quy djnh con bat c^p ciia Luat KDBH ve hpp dpng bao hiem dc dam bao phap luat . phai thong nhat voi ban chat cua quan he bao hiem nhu can co quy dinh ve quyen lpi
dupc bao hiem trong bao hiem tai san, quyjn Ipri dupc bap hiem tiang bao hiem con ngucri. Nhirng npi dung niy, phap lu|t KDBH cac nuac nhu Singappre, Thai Lan, Malaysia quy dinh kha chi tiet, nhung LuSt KDBH Vift Nam quy dinh con chung chung. C4n th6ng nhat cac quy djnh ve dan phuang dinh chi thtrc hien hpp dang va hau qua phap ly ciia hanh vi nay. Sua doi, bo sung quy dinh vi hprp dong bap hiem yd hieu, theo dp diju khoan hrjp ddng bao hiem bi vo hieu khi ben mua bao hiem khong c6 quyjn lpi dupc bao hiem can xem xet lai doi viJi loai hinh bao hijm trach nhipm dan sv".
Thir tir, phap luat KDBH can b6 sung quy dinh vj trinh dp chuyen mon nghi?p vy cua nguai quan tri va dieu hanh DNBH.
Theo quy djnh ciia phap luat hipn hanh', lieu chujn ciia thanh vien Hpi dong quan trj, thanh vien Hpi ddng thanh vien la c6 bSng dai hpc hoac tren dai hpc; tryc tiep lam vifc trong cac linh v\rc bao hiJm, tai chinh, ngan hang toi thiju 5 nam, Tieu chuan doi voi T6ng giam d6c, nguai dai difn trucrc phip luat la CO bang d?i hpc hoac tren dji hpc; c6 t6i thiju 5 nam lam trong linh vtrc bap hiem, tai chinh, ngan hang, trpng dp c6 it nhat 3 nam giir vj tri la nguai quan tri, dieu hanh tai DNBH, chi nhanh nuoc ngoai, doanh nghipp moi giai bao hiem hoac tryc tiep lam cong tac quan ly nha nuac trong ITnh v\rc bao hiem...
iXem liep tranfi 44)
Bao hiem trach nhi^m dan sJf la lo9i htnh bao hietn co doi tuorti^ bao hicm la Irach nhi^m dan sv ciia ngucn du^c ban hiem dot vdl ngiroi thii ba. Muc dich cua loai hinh bao hiem n^y 1^ nguoi mua bao hiem muon chuyen giao trich n h i ^ bot thirong thiC't hai cua ngtrdi dirge bao hiem sang DNBH. Nhu vay, ngu^ phai c6 quyen It^i dugc bao hifim ttong loai hinh bao hiem nay lii n^\im dui.tc bao hiem chit khong nhat thi^t phai 1^ nguoi mua bao hietn. Tuy nhlia D t e u ^ l Luat KDBH lai quy d|nh mot trong nhiing Iruong hop dan den hop dong bao hifitn vo hifiu la: "Bfin mua bio hifim khong co quyen lot CO thfi d u ^ bao hifim".
Dicu 27 va Dieu 28 Ngh] dinh sd 73 2016 ND-CP ngay 01/7/2016 quy dinh chi tict Lu4t KDBH va Lual suad6t. bA simg mgt so difiu eua Luat KDBH
Thong w so IOl/2013'Tr-BTC ngay 30/7/2013 eiia Eg Tai chinh min quy d|nh vfi nguon hinh thinh qu?, v i ^ lii dgng qui nhung chua c6 quy d]nh vific ip dgng cac co chfi nhim dam bao an toin cho sg tdn tat ciia quy.
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H « H l t N <U1I f—L A P P H A P - ' S * 03(331) T2S017