\10EN HUNG - DINH CAO GIA TRI VA THL/C T I N TIN N G U O N G T H 6 CUNG
HUNG VUONG
NGUYINNGOCAN*
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r^n the gidi hiem mdt dan tdc nao cd mdt ngay gio chung tudng nhd nhCJfng ngUdi ed cdng sinh thanh va ca mdt dan tdc, mdt dat nude.TrUde Cach mang thang Tam, cac tri^u dai phong kien giao cho dan Vy - Treo (xa Hy CUdng, Chu Hda, Ti&n Kien ngay nay) lam trUdng tao l# thay mat cho ddng bao ea nUde cham lo hUdng khdi cho td tien tren khu vue nui NghTa LTnh,ncrtedMd To va eae den mi^u.
Sau Cach mang thdng Tdm, trong nhiJng ngay Gio Td, phan le cung la Qudc le, dang huong la lanh dao Dang, Nha nUdc, dai dien eho dan toe, cCing dai dien cae cdng ddng lang xa xung quanh Khu Di tich Den HCing tham gia. Dang chu y Id ngay sau khi nude Viet Nam Dan chO Cdng hda ra ddi ngay 2-9-1945 thi ngay Gio Td dau tien cCia nude Viet Nam doc lap, cu Huynh Thiic Khdng, Pho Chu tjch nude thay mat Chinh phCi chu tri lam le dang thanh gUdm de trinh bao vdi td tien the gin giu' bao v& non sdng Viet Nam. Su kien cue ky quan trpng nay cd y nghTa Ijch sCf van hda ddi vdi dat nUde, dan toe trUdc cudc dau tranh ehdng thCi trong giae ngoai, bieu tuong cho 'if ehi ddc lap - toan ven lanh tho cCia mot nude Viet Nam thdng nhat.
Ngdy 19- 9-1954, trUdc khi ve tiep qudn Ha Ndi, Chu tjeh Ho Chi Minh da tran trd suy nghi ve sU toan ven dat nUde, dan toe trude Hiep djnh Gioneve chia c l t 2 mien Nam - Bde. NgUdi tham vieng Den Hung, tai Den Hung, Ngudi ndi chuyen vdi ede can bd, chien sTDal doan quan Tien phong:
Xdc Vua HCing da cd cdng di/ng nu6c Bdc cbdu ta phai ciing nhau gid IdynUdc"
Nam 1977, Tdng Bi thU L^ Duan thdm Den HCing trong djp Gid To, dong chi Le Duin da ndi: "Can phai tu bd xay dung D^n Hung d ^ tCf Den HCing nhin ra cd nUdc va cd nude hUdng ve Den HCing".
Mdt eau hdi dat ra tai sao lanh dao Ddng, Nhd nUde luon den tham vi^ng D^n Hung sau mdi bien cd sU ki&n Idn cua dat nude cOa ddn toe? Cdu hdi khdng de trd Idi, nhiftig cd dieu chae chdn la cac vj ay trUde thdch thOfc cCia Ijeh sCf, trUdc van m&nh cCia d^t nude tU thdy trach nhiem len thinh cau td tien de tim budc di eho ddn tdc
phu hop vdi Ijch sCf. Di^u dd ndi len rang Tin ngudng thd cung HCing VUOng la be dd. Id c l u ndi qua khijf - hien tai, la bai hpe kinh nghiem Td tien trong t h ^ i3tig xCf. Nhin lai sudt ehdng dudng Ijch sil thang tram cua dat nUdc, dan tdc thi Tin ngudng thd cOng Hung VUOng thUe sU la gia tr|
R TH^ G\0\ DI S A N THANG 3-2016
Lang Vua Hung. PhO Tho -Anh: Vdn Trong '
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tinh hoa van hda Vi&t Nam. Dd cung la ban sac dan toe ta, mdt ehieu sau nhan thUc vd tU tudng. TU tudng ay la lay ddn lam gdc gan bd cdng dong la eO sd dan chu de bdo ve vd xay dUng d i t nUdc. HUdng ve mdt cdi "udng nUdc nhd ngudn" la gia trj, mdt hSng sd cOa ngUdi Viet trong tien trinh Ijch sCf? Khdng phdi ngau nhien ma cd Giao sU Tran Qudc Vupng dd khang djnh: D i n Hung tren nui Hy Cuong la "Thdnh dja cua eU ddn Viet cd".Trong tiem thufc cua ngudi Viet, vung d i t Phu Tho ludn dUoc gpi la "mien Dat To". Su phdt hien he thdng tien Ddng Son va Ddng Son tren vCing d i t c6 la bang chCfng khoa hoe v l Nhd nude Van Lang, Kinh dd Van Lang ma cac ngudn thu tjeh cd ghi lai da dupe ghi nhan cua gidi sCf hoc, khdo c6 hpe trong va ngoai nUdc. Vi le dd. Den Hung - nOi thUc hanh tin ngudng thd cung to tien cua dan toe trd thanh tam diem duy nhat eCia nhan loai khi ma hang nam den ngay Gio To, ddng bao ed nude hanh hUOng ve nOi chdn rau eSt ron. Gid trj noi bat toan cau eua Di sdnTin ngudng thd Cling Hung Vuong dupc To chu'c UNESCO td chCfc danh gid eao Id ddiem nay. Lich sCrda chUng minh qua khiJddn tdc Viet Nam "3 Ian dung nudc"vdi:
-Vua Hung laTobdldludUngnUdcva giuf nUdc tCr trUdc cdng nguyen.
- Vua Ngd Quyen la To phuc hung dan tdc d the ky 10 sau chien thang sdng Bach Dang ket thue nghin nam BSC thupc.
-Bdc Ho, To dung nUde Ian thU 3 d the ky 20, NgUdi dd dUa ddn toe Viet Nam tU t h i gidi truyin thdng vao t h i gidi hien dai.
Trong may thten nien ky ay, ngUdi Viet Nam van bao luu dupc ngdn ngU tieng Viet vd luu giCf trong ky ufe cdng ddng ddn tdc huyen thoai Lae Long Quan - Au Ca. Nhd cd edi ngudn ay maViet Named dupc Idi song rieng, ban sac van hda rieng ngay tCf thdi dai cac Vua Hung, dUa tren mdt nen van minh ndng nghiep trong liia nude vdi hat nhan la cdng ddng lang xa. Ben canh sU bao ton bdn sac van hda, Idi sdng, cot each cua ngUdi Viet thi spi chi do xuyen sudt chic chan Id Tin ngUdng thd ciing To tien cd tii thud dung nude Van Lang eua eac Vua Hung. Trong sudt hanh trinh cua ngUdi Viet di tU thdi dai Vua Hiing tdi thdi dai Ho Chi Minh, dat nude ta, dan tdc ta ludn bi phong kien phUdng B k , thUe dan Phap, de qude My xam lang de dpa, hiliy hoai nen van hien nhung nhd cd td tien ta doan ket Ian lUdt danh bai, duoi chung ra khdi bd cdi.
Cai gi lam nen niem tin, hy vpng ay? Cdi gi lam n^n sure manh ly? phdi chang nhd ed Tin ngUdng thd cung Td tien cac Vua Hung.
De hieu rd hon tinh tU tudng trong cdc mat gia trj tinh hoa eua Tin ngudng thd eung Hung Vudng, ehung tdi thir budc dau c6 vdi suy nghi.
TiiLtnliat, vi thdi gian td chiJe le hdi: Cae le hdi dUdc td chufc trong thdi gian cua mdt nam am Ijch (Ijch mat trang), nhung chu yeu td chUe vao ba thang mua xuan.
Cd the ndi, ngay tCf nhCfng ngay dau xudn cCia mot nam, cung vdi cac hoat ddng vui Tet, ddn mCia xuan mdi, cac hoat ddng le hdi tin ngudng thd Vua HCing cung dupe dien ra trong khdng khi vui tudi, phan khdi cCia tiet trdi xuan am ap, lam cho biJfc tranh que hUong them rUe rd
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Cdc Idng xung quanh den Hung rUdc kieu len den Thuang trong ngay gio To THANG 3-2016 TH^ Gidi DI SAN 9
vdi mudn sac hoa cCia dat trdi, cCia ngUdi tray hdi, cCia thien nhien... Chinh vi vdy, mua xuan dUpe eoi la mua quan trong n h l t trong mdt nam, la mua sinh sdi van vat, gidng ndi, la mua eOa nhufng hi vpng dieu tot dep se den trong nam mdi. Khdi niem le hdi mua xuan da tCf ldu xuat hien trong ddi sdng van hoa tam linh eCia ngUdi Viet nhu mdt quy iuat tU nhien cua thdi gian. Dd la ddng lUc tinh than thieng lieng nhat cua mdi con ngUdi sdng trong cdng ddng lang xa de vudt len bao thCf thaeh cua thien nhien, giae gia ma trUdng tdn cung thdi gian va nam thang.
Thiyhai, tinh chat bao trum cua eac le hdi truyen thong gan vdi Tin ngudng thd Vua Hung: Xuat phdt tU tin ngudng ndng nghiep vdi nghe trong lua nUde, ma dja ban vCing DatTd la noi cay lua dupe biet den va dUdc trong tCf rat sdm. Vao dip dau xuan, khi thdi vu lam an vat vd, lam lu da ket thuc, nhUng ngUdi ndng dan vui ve, ho hdi ddn chao mdt mua le hdi vdi t i t cd su hao hUc, mong chd de qu^n di bao noi met nhpc trong nam cu. Le hdi mua xuan chinh la sdn pham tinh than dupc hinh thanh tCr nen san xult eua cu dan ndng nghiep trong lua nude ma eo sd td churc dau tien chinh la le hdi lang. Nd dupe hinh thanh va phat trien cung vdi sU ra ddi cOa cdc lang cd tCrthdi Hung Vuong dung nude. Nhufng ngdi lang ay chinh la nen tdng vat chat va tinh than de cdc le hdi thd cung HiJng Vuong tdn tai va phat trien, trd thanh net van hoa dan tdc dac sde. Net ddc dao sau sdc nhat phan anh tinh chit ndi bat nhat eCia eac le hdi truyen thdng mien D i t To la hau het cac le hdi deu g i n vdi sU tich eua thdi ki Hung Vuong dung nude vd cdc truyen thuyet ve thdi ki Hung Vuong nhU Sdn Tinh Thuy Tinh, Vua Hung day dan clylija,bdnh chung banh day... Ndi dung cua ede le hdi da phan anh kha rd net thdng qua cdc trd dien, hdi thi dau vat, keo Mia thdi com thi hay I I rUde lua than, trd dien trinh nghe... Qua mdi le hoi, mdi trd dien d I u ed;/nghia gido due, nhSc nhd mpi ngUdi ghi nhd edng on cua td tien xua bao gian kho hy sinh d l cd dupc giang son g i m vdc nhu ngay nay. Moi le hdi deu thay bdng dang eua mdt truyen thuyet, mot sU kien Ijch sCf oai hCing cua cudc khang chien ehdng giae ngoai xdm tU thud Vua Hung dung n U d c . C d t h l n d i , cdelehditin ngudng thd Hung Vuong chinh la mdt hinh thCrc ghi chep, phdn dnh trung thuc Ijeh sCf dung nude va giCf nude ciia dan tdc Viet Nam.
Vi vdy, cdc le hdi dd the hien tinh nhan van sau sae, Idng biet on cdng lao to Idn cua cac bac tien nhdn, bieu hien dao li"udng nude nhd ngudn", "an qud nhd ke trong cay"
eOa cac the he ngUdi Viet Nam. Net dac trUng tieu bieu khdc cua cdc le hdi truyen thdng gan vdi Tin ngudng thd cung Hung Vuong la sU phdn dnh nhieu mat sinh hoat mang tinh cd sd n h l t dupe hinh thanh va lUu truyen tU thdi Hung Vuong dung nude thdng qua cae hoat ddng trd dien the hien nhUng I I nghi eCia thdi HCing Vuong. Dd la tuc keo ILO thdi ccffn thi, tuc danh phet, tuc rude dau...
cac trd d i l n trong cac le hdi da ed sU tien hod tii hinh
thiife thd sd nguyen thuy nhUchay djch, chay tCing rl, san Idn... den hinh thUc eac trd dien da cd dao cu va trang phuc mang nhieu yeu to sdn khiu, dd chinh la ngudn gdc tao ra eac hoat ddng van nghe dan gian nhutrd dien trinh nghe, bach ngh^ khdi hai va tiJf ddn ehi nghiep...
Qua dd cho ta them nhan xet v l suda dang, phong phu eua trd dien trong cac le hdi thd Hung VUdng, thdng qua hinh thije va ndi dung the hien nhSm chuyen tai nhumg Ude nguyen, mong mudn v l sU may man do than thanh, trdi dat ban tang thdng qua cae nghi thu'c eung te thieng lieng c i j a l l hdi.
Mdt dac diem ndi bat nCfa eOa eae le hdi g i n vdi Tin ngudng thd Hung VUOng, la sU duy tri kha day dCi cdc hinh thUc t l le, nghenh rUde le vat quy dang cung len cdc bac thanh va t h i n linh eung eac bae tien nhan cd edng khai lang, lap nude. Dd la cae hoat ddng te le de danghUOng, hoa, tCfu, nUdc, traucau... vadpechucvan cung vdi viic to chu'c le rUde kieu vdi ede nghi trUdng, bat bijfu, tan, lpng,ed than..-Tren c6 kieu bay eac le vat nhu banh chung banh day, hinh cay lua than hoae rude sac phong... lam cho khdng khi cCia le hdi them trang nghiem, hodnh trang vdi sU tham gia ddng dao dan cU, tao nen bdc tranh v l le hdi dan gian vdi mau sac phong phu. Nhin chung, eae I I hdi truyin thdng g i n vdi Tin ngudng thd eung Hung Vuong cdn bao luu 3MC nhiJng nghi thUc te I I theo hinh thUe vd noi dung cd truyin, duoc cac thanh vien trong ban to chUc eung dan lang vd khach thap phUdng tien hanh vdi nghi thUc nghiem trang, trpng the, mang dam y l u td tam linh linh thieng.
Ben canh cdc nghi thCrc te le ay la cdc le vat dUpc ehuan bj rat edng phu, chu dao va theo dung vdi nhOng quy djnh cua truyin thdng tin ngUdng dan gian, cung vdi viec chpn cil rat ean thdn nhUng ngUdi thay mat dan lang tham gia cdc cdng viec hanh le vdi nhflng Ude mudn tam linh cao dep nhat 3e trdi dat, thanh t h i n phu hd cho qude thdi dan an, vat thjnh, mUa thuan gid hoa, mCia mang tUOi tdt bdi thu...
Cd t h i ndi Tin ngUdng thd cung HCingVudng la mdt dl sdn van hda phi vat the mang tinh dan tdc dan chi!i edng ddng vdi gia trj tinh than truyin thdng het sfle dac sic. Dd khdng chi la gia trj ddc biet eda cdng ddng dan tdc Viet Nam ma cao hdn Dl sdn Tin ngUdng thd eiing Hiing VUdng mang gid trj nhan vdn eao dep cua nhan loai. Ke tCf ngay Di sanTin ngUdng thd edng Hung VUdng dupc vinh danh la Di san vdn hda phi vat t h i dai di&n nhan loai thi Tin ngudng thd cung Hiing Vuong cang phat huy gta trj trong cdng ddng khap trong Nam ngoai Bdc, tham dam gia tri tinh t h i n truyin thdng "Nude Viet Nam Id mdt, Ddn tdc Viet Nam la mdt". Dd cOng Id thanh tuu thUe hanh Di sdn Tin ngudng thd cdng Hiing VUOng dd va t i l p tuc dUdc edng dong ngUdi Viet Nam d trong eCJng nhU ngoai nUdctiep nhan. <•
10 TH^ GI6I DI SAN THANG 3-2016