DINH NGUYEN HOANG GIAP
N G U Y I N N H A N THIEM VA CHUYEN Dl SLf SANG NHA MINH NAM 1597
MAI PHltCiNG NGQC*
N
guygn Nhan Thigm (1534 - 1597), sinh ra trong mot ddng hg khoa bang cua xd Bdt Thdi (nay thupc xa Hodng Ldc*^') huyen Hoang Hda, tinh Thanh Hda.Ddng hp Nguyen'^' cua dng, trUdc dd tffng cd hai ngudi dd tie'n si la Nguyin Nhan L l (1461 - 1522) dd Dg tam gidp dong Tig'n Sl xua't than khoa Tan Sffu, nign hidu Hong Dffc thff 12 (1481) - vi Tie'n si khai khoa cua da't Hoang Bdt, va Nguyin Thanh (1506-1545) do Tig'n si khoa Tdn Sffu, trilu Mae Phffc Hai (1541).
Theo Gia phd hg Nguyin Hdu, hien con luu gifl tai xd Hoang Lpc, Nguyin Nhdn Thiem thi dd Huong cd'ng khoa Dinh Ty (1567). Sau dd, dng duge b l nhiem lam Tri huyen huyen Nggc Sdn (nay la huyen Tinh Gia). Ndm Canh Thin, nien hieu Quang Hung thff 3 (1580), nhd Le Trung HUng md Idioa thi Hdi'^' diu tien tai sdeh Van Lai (Thanh Hda), Nguyen Nhan Thiem ffng thi nhffng ehi trung Tam trffdng, dffgc ehuyen bo nhiem chffc Tri huyen huyen Ldi Duong. Nam Quy Mui, nien hieu Quang Hung thff 6 (1583), Nguyin Nhan Thiem Iuc ndy da 49 tuoi tham dU khoa thi Hdi va d l De nhi giap Tie'n si xuat than (Hodng gidp). Khoa nay lay dd 4 ngudi, ten dng
xe'p thff nha't. Ndm At Dau, nidn hieu Quang Hffng thfl 8 (1585), Nguyin Nhdn Thiem dffgc thdng lam Hie'n sat sff tran Nghe An. Nam Quang HUng thff 14 (1591), dng dffgc doi v l t r i l u giff chffc Cdng khoa Ca'p sff trung. Nam Quang Hung thff 15 (1592) chuyen sang lam Lai khoa Cd'p sff trung. Cdng eupc trung hitog cua nhd Le gianh t h i n g lgi, vua Le xa gid v l Thdng Long. Nam Quang HUng thff 16 (1593), Nguyin Nhan Thiem dffge t h a n g Ien chffc Lai khoa Dd cap sff trung. Chi It thdng sau, dng Iai chuyen sang giff chffc Tham chinh, Tan tri Thffa chinh sff xff Son Nam.
Nam Binh Than, nien hieu Quang Hffng thff 19 (1596), Nguyen Nhdn Thidm dffdc vinh thang la Hien cung Dai phu, Khuong my Thie'u doan, chffc Thai thffdng TU khanh'*'.
Nguyin Nhdn Thiem sinh r a vd ldn len trong bd'i canh Iich sff ed n h i l u bie'n co phffc tap. Sff thay ngdi, doi chu giffa trieu Le vdi trieu Mac da dffa de'n nhieu cue dign mdi. Tuy rang n h a Mac da tao nen sff on dinh nha't dinh eho xd hgi trong khoang may chuc nam, the" nhffhg nhflng chinh sdeh eua nhd Mac khong du de xda nhoa dnh hao quang ve ca vd cdng Ian vdn tri
" Ths. Mai Phuong Ngoc, khoa Lich sfl, trirdng Dai hoc Vinh.
45 md nhd Le da tao nen trong tdm thffc cua
nhan ddn Dai Viet. Hon nffa, nufa sau thg' ky XVI, trieu Mac di vao eon dffdng suy thoai, dg'n ndi Thiem Dd ngff sff Lai Mdn dang td sd len Mae Mau Hgp, trong dd ed doan: "Sff the' hien nay, ehinh la thdi tig't cffc bi! Ky cffOng bo bd md khdng cha'n hffiig, chinh tri tho'i ndt ma khdng tu sffa, trdm cffdp hodnh hdnh, gidc ngodi xdm Id'n, long ngffdi nao nung, the' nffdc lung lay"f5>. Tinh hinh dd da day gidi tri thflc Nho hpe vao eon dffdng khung hoang nghiem trpng va ngdy cdng rdi xa nhd Mac. Trang Trinh Nguyin Binh Khidm, sau bay nam phuc vu trieu Mac dd tff quan ve que day hpc vi dang sd xin chem 18 tgn gian than md Ididng dffdc Mae Phuc Hai nghe theo. Mdt so' ngffdi nhff Lffang Hffu Khanh, Phung K h i c Khoan, Le Ba Ly... bo vdo Thanh Hda theo nha Le chd'ng Mac.
Trong bd'i canh do, Nguygn Nhan Thiem khong khd de Ida ehpn eon dUdng di de thuc hien y chi "tri qud'c, binh thien ha".
Ong dd mang hg't sd hge cua minh de phuc vu cho sU nghiep eua nha Le Trung hffng.
Ngodi nhffng ddng gdp tren linh vffc chinh tri, Nguyin Nhan Thiem ed nhung cd'ng hie'n to ldn tren linh vffc ngoai giao.
Tieu bieu la sff kien ndm Dinh Ty (1597), Nguyen Nhdn Thiem Id Phd sff cung vdi Chdnh sff la Phung Khde Khoan trong dodn sff than eua nha Le Trung hffng dugc eif sang nha Minh.
Dai Viet sd ky todn tha chep v l cudc di sff nay nhff sau: "Dinh Ddu, [Quang HUng]
nam thff 20 [1597],..Sai Cdng bd ta thi lang Phung Khie Khoan ldm Chanh sff. Thai thudng tu khanh Nguyin Nhan Thiem ldm Phd sff sang tue edng n h a Minh va clu phong"'^'.
Lich triiu hiin chuang logi chi cua sff
gia Phan Huy Chu eung chep kha ehi tig't ve muc dich chuye'n di sff dau tien cua nha Lg Trung hffng: "Nam Quang Hffng thff 20 (ngang vdi ndm Van Lich thff 25 nhd Minh) vua dd digt nhd Mac, sai bgn Phung Khae Khoan sang Minh cau phong. Ldi bieu ndi: "Than Le Dam, chdu xa ddi cua Lg Lpi qud'c vffOng trffdc nffdc An Nam, cung bgn tieu muc la than Trinh Tung (..) kinh tau ve viec giai long thdnh xin an trdi tha tdi (..,) Thdi Hie'n tong hodng de' trao eho quyen An Nam qud'e sff, truyen de'n Le Lan, Le Todn, Le Hieu, Le Huy, cho den Le Khodng thi bi Mac Ddng Dung cffdp ngdi (...) than Le Duy Dam Id ddng doi cua than Le Huy xffdng nghia phuc thu. Bgn t h i n Id cUu than nha Le, van nhd chu xffa, vi danh nghia md day qudn, cd Ie t h i n g nen thg' manh, ddnh dffgc Mac Mau Hpp, khdi phue edi bd. Duy t h i n Duy Dam trong khi gdp hpi thffa co, chi big't ha gidn mot luc, chffa phung menh trieu dinh da tff tien khdi quan gie't gidc (...). Nay xin tie'n ngffdi vang thay minh de chudc tgi trffdc ( .). Cui xin dai hodng dg' thUdng nUdc lUu ly, theo long dan suy tdn, ban cho danh hieu, cd chut quyen hanh, co the nop cd'ng ldm phien than„"'^\
Quan he bang giao Id van de trpng yg'u dd'i vdi mdi qud'e gia. Dilu ndy dd duge Idling dinh trong suo't ehieu ddi lich sff dan tgc thdi trung dai. Sff gia Phan Huy Chu nhdn dinh: "Trong viec tri nUde, hda hie'u vdi lang gieng la viec ldn, md nhflng khi uftig thu lai rat quan he, khdng the xem thudng, eho nen nghia tu hidu ehep d kinh Xudn Thu, dao giao ldn chep d hien truyen, chinh Id dem long thanh thUc ma kg't giao, ngUdi cd quyin tri nUde phai ngn can than"*^'. Ddc biet, trong lich suf bang giao giffa nffdc ta vdi cac nffdc thupc khu vUc
46 Nghien cdu Dong Nam A 3/2013 Dong A va Ddng Nam A thdi trung dai,
quan he Viet Nam - Trung Qud'c d i l n r a lau dai vd cd tam quan trgng bdc nha't. Ly giai dieu ndy, Phan Huy Chu eho bie't thdm rang: "Nude Viet ta cd ca edi dat phia Nam ma thdng hie'u vdi Trung Hoa, tuy nudi dan, dffng nffdc ed quy md rieng, nhffng trong thi xffng de md doi ngodi thi xUng vUOng, vdn chiu phong hidu, xet U the' thUc phai nhu thg'. Cho nen II sach phong, l l cong sinh, viee bang giao cae ddi deu dUge xem Id quan trgng"'^'.
Vao eud'i the ky XVI, dau the ky XVII, va'n de diln l l sdeh phong trong quan he giffa Dai Viet va Trung Qud'c dffgc trieu dinh nhd Lg Trung Hffng ddt len hdng diu.
Chuygn di sff nam 1597 cua dodn sff than nffdc ta cd t h l ndi la mgt trong nhflng eude di sfl mang y nghia quan trpng bdc nha't thdi Lg Trung hung. Sd di nhu vay bdi dd Id thdi diem nhd Le - Trinh vffa gianh lai duge kinh thanh Thdng Long tff tay nhd Mac, gidnh Iai ngai vang cua vua Le, trong khi 2/3 the' ky trUde dd, thUc te' nha Minh chi big't cd nha Mac vd cong n h a n nhd Mae. Dieu ndy dugc Phan Huy Chu giai thich trong mue Bang giao chi: "Khi ay hg Mac va nhd Le duong danh nhau, vigc quan dUOng khan ea'p, trong khoang 20 ndm, Il eong thudng bo thie'u. Den day trong nudc hoi yen mdi nop bu. Nha Le cdn dffOng cf Thanh Hda, chffa co thi gid thdng hieu vdi Trung Qud'c, cho nen trffdc day 60 nam, quoc tho'ng tuy da dffgc phuc hffng, nhffng l l cd'ng cua nffdc Viet ta, n h a Minh chi big't cd hp Mac thdi. Vi vay sau khi nhd Le diet dugc Mac, khong khdi Iai phai sai sff di lai nhilu"*^*'*.
Ngay tff trffdc khi dodn sff than do Phung Khie Khoan Iam Chdnh sff, Nguyen Nhan Thiem lam Phd sff sang Trung Quo'c
clu phong, chi tinh trong ndm 1596, nhd Lg Trung hffng da cff nhieu doan quan lai va dich than vua Le dd hai lan len cC"a Nam Giao de hdi khdm. Dgi Viet sd ky todn tha chep: "Binh Than, [Quang Hffhg]
ndm thff 19 [1596], (Minh Van Lich nam thff 24)... Bdiy gid be tdi hg Mac l i m quy ke, to" cao vdi nhd Minh r i n g : Quan nhd Le chinh Id hg Trinh t r a n h cffdng, da'y binh danh gie't b l tdi t h a n phuc eua thffgng quoc cung eon chau hg Mac, thffc khdng phai la quan trung hung cua eon chdu nha Lg. Vi the', nhd Minh nhieu l l n sai sff qua cu'a Tran Nam Giao, mang diep vdn sang nffdc ta hen de'n cufa quan hdi k h a m xem cd thffc la con chdu n h a Le h a y khong. Ngay 29, sai bpn Hp bd thffgng thff kiem Ddng cac hgc si Thdng quan cdng Dd Uong va Ngif suf dai dd ngff sff Nguyin Vdn Giai ldm quan hau mdnh de'n cffa Tran Nam Giao trffdc, trao d l i diep van thff tff vdi vien Ta giang binh tuan dao Tran Ddn Lam, ldi le phan nhieu khiem ton, Sau lai sai Hffu tffdng Hodng Dinh Ai dem qudn tie'p den Lang Son ldm hau uftig. Sai tdc muc Id hodng huynh Le Nganh, Le Luu vd bon Cdng bg thi lang Phung Khde Khoan eung mang con d'n cua An Nam do thd'ng sff ty vd hai td kieu an mUc cua qud'c vUdng An Nam trffdc, 100 cdn vang, 1000 lang bae cung may chue ky lao len cffa Tran Nam Giao de chd hgi khdm... Ngdy mong 5, vua dich than dd'c sua't bgn Hffu tffdng Hodng Dinh Ai, Thdi uy Nguyin Hodng, Nguyen Hffu Lieu, Thai phd Trinh D6 vd cac tffdng si, binh tffdng gom hon 1 van de'n cufa Tran Nam Giao hen ngay hpi kham. Bay gid n h a Minh ddy dffa thodi thdc, ddi lay ngU&i vang, d'n vdng theo Ie eu, khdng chiu din kham, thdnh ra qua ky han"'^^\ Tie'p do
"Thang ndy (tffc t h a n g 12 - TG), sai bgn Hd bd thffgng thff kiem Dong cac hgc si
47 Thdng quan cdng Dd Udng lam quan hau
menh, cung vdi Quang qudn edng Trinh Vinh Lpe mang hai ngffdi vang ngffdi bae vd cae vat cd'ng tdi t h a n h Lang Scto de dgi nha Minh hdi kham. Bay gid vien tho quan Long Chau eua n h a Minh nhdn nhilu cua dut Idt cua bpn hp Mac, vi the' vdo bd vdi chung ma thodi thae, ndn viec khdng xong, lai vffa gdp te't Nguyen dan, bgn Dd Udng, Vinh Loc lai trd v l Kinh"'^^'. Nhung sff kien tren cho tha'y, viec thie't lap quan he bang giao vdi nhd Minh Id nhiem vu khong h i d l dang thUe hien. N i m rd tam quan trpng cua van de sdeh phong dd'i vdi trieu Le Trung hUng, chung ta cang thay ro vi tri chuygn di sff ndm 1597 vd cdng hiiu, khi cijf ngudi giff vai trb Chdnh sff, Phd sff dodn sff bd Dai Viet, trilu dinh phai Iffa chpn cin trpng de'n mffc dp ndo!
Mgt van de dang dffpc quan tam nffa Id, ngoai Chanh sff, Phd sff dodn sff bd ndm 1597 gom bao nhieu ngffdi, cd'ng pham gom nhflng gi vd di theo dffdng ndo?
Theo sff gia Phan Huy Chu, thdnh p h i n chu chd't eua doan sff bg sang cd'ng Trung Qud'e (thffdng dffgc gpi t i t la "Cd'ng bd") dffge qui dinh nhff sau: "Cd'ng bd thi Chdnh sff 1 vign, Phd sff 2 vien, Hdnh nhan thdng sU 3 ten, Y vien 2 tgn, Dai tuyen 2 ten.
Cdn ngudi theo hau thi Chanh sff 4 tdn, Phd sff moi vien 3 tgn, Npi sai mdi vien 1 tgn"(i3>. Theo tde gia Nguyin Minh Tffdng, nhfliig qui dinh t r e n day mdi ke nhflng nhan vdt chu chd't eiia doan sff bp, trong thffc te todn dodn phai len tdi hdn 100 ngffdi'^'*'.
Xet v l II cd'ng md dodn Cong bp mang theo, Bgi Viet sd ky todn tha ehep ve sff kien ndm 1596: "Bay gid (tffc thdng 8 - TG) sai thg due 2 tffgng ngudi vdng vd bae, diu cao 1 thudc 2 tac, ndng 10 can, Iai due 2
ddi binh hoa bae, 5 chie'c binh hffdng nhd b i n g bae, lai s i m sdn lua tho quyen vd cdc vdt cd'ng de phdng sang sff phffcmg Bae"'^^'.
Ddy Id nhffng vat pham kha ndng n l doi vdi n i n kinh te' Dai Viet vffa trai qua nhffng ndm thang ehie'n tranh Uen mien, nhan dan lam than, ddi kho. Nhin nhan sU viee ndy, P h a n Huy Chu ed ldi xet: "Le cd'ng ngudi vdng trieu trUde da thay doi bdng thff khde, de'n day nhd Minh lai yeu sdch. Khi mdi trung hffng khdng khdi phai chiu nhfln md tudn theo"'-^®'.
Khao cffu con dffdng doan sff bp nha Lg Trung hffng dd di sang Ygn Kinh nam 1597, tdc gia Nguyin Minh Tffdng eho biet:
Theo qui dinh tdi ky han tug' cd'ng, trilu dinh Dai Viet phai dffa thff sang cho vien quan dffng diu d B i n g Tffdng - Long Chau, d l bdo cho vign quan dao Ta Giang cua Trung Qud'c big't. Trong van thU, phia Dai Viet phai thdng bdo rd ngdy khdi hdnh, xin bdo Ign trieu dinh nhd Minh d Yen Kinh phg chuan. Phia trieu dinh Dai Vigt cdn phai sai ngudi mang edc vdn thU vd td bilu qua cffa ai Nam Quan dUa cho vien quan d Bang Tudng - Long Chau, de tie'p Iinh vd de dat len trieu dinh. Sff bd sau khi qua effa ai Nam Quan, di vdo Quang Tay, roi di sang Quang Ddng. Sau dd, sff bd tiep tuc vffgt qua ai Mai Linh, gidp gidi Quang Ddng vdi Quang Tdy. Sff bd di tig'p de'n sdng Trffdng Giang, d day cd nhilu danh lam t h i n g canh noi tie'ng eua Trung Quo'c, vi the' phan Idn cdc dodn diu nghi Iai mpt thdi gian de di tham thu cac di tich nhff:
bg'n Tam Dffong, dinh thd Td Ddng Pha d trdn nui Xich Ty, phia ngodi thdnh huyen Hoang Cffcmg... Sff bd xud'ng thuyen qua sdng Xich Bieh, de'n Vd Xffang, vdo dia phdn tinh Ha Nam. Tfl day dodn sff bp di tdi Tff Chau, thuoc tinh True L^ (nay Id Hd
48 Nghien cdu Dong Nam A 3/2013 Bic), roi vdo Yen Kinh (nay Id B i c Kinh).
Khi vao de'n Tff Ca'm Thanh, ye't kieh hodng de Trung Hoa, thffdng dffdc dffa tdi nghi tai Nggc Hd quan^^^'. Nhu vdy, hdnh trinh tren cho tha'y mdi mpt doan sff bd ca di vd ve phai trai qua mdt thdi gian khoang 1 ndm.
Muc dieh ehu ye'u eua chuye'n di sff nam 1597 do Chdnh sff Phung Khae Khoan va Phd sff Nguyin Nhan Thiem Id cau phong tudc Vuong cho vua Le The' Tdng (1573- 1600). Chuye'n di sff da lam cho vua nhd Minh phai ne phuc tdi ndng cua eac sff t h i n Dai Viet: "Khic Khoan den Yen Kinh, vffa gap tie't Van Thp eua vua Minh, dang 30 bdi tho lay mffng. Anh vfl dien Dai hgc si Thieu bao kiem Thdi tff Thai bao Lai bd Thugng thU nhd Minh la Trffdng Vi dem tap thd Van Thg ay ddng Ien. Vua Minh elm but phg r i n g : Ngudi h i l n tdi d dau ma khdng ed. T r i m xem thd, thaiy he't long trung thdnh eua Phung K h i e Khoan, rd't dang khen nggi. Lien sai dffa xud'ng khic in de ban hdnh trong nffdc. Khi ay, sff Trieu Tidn la ITinh tao tham phan Ly Toai Quang vie't tUa cho tdp tho"'i8>. The' nhffng, nha Minh chi phong cho vua Le la An Nam dd thd'ng ty Dd thd'ng sff, ban cho an bae, giao cho doan sff bg mang ain s i c ve nUdc. Sau ndy, nam 1637, nhd Le Trung huhg tie'p tuc cff doan sfl bg sang cau phong tffdc Vuong, song vdn chUa dffgc nhd Minh eha'p thuEin.
Sd di nhff vay, bdi nhff Phan Huy Chu li giai: Tff khi hp Mac cffdp ngdi, nhd Minh tffdc bd phong vffdng, chi phong cho chffc Do thd'ng sff, cdc ddi noi theo, khdng ddm xin doi. Dd'n ddi Mac Mdu Hgp, Thai bao la Giap Truhg tffng ndi viec dd ra't nhuc cho nUdc, xin eho dinh t h i n ban, sai quan Ddng cdc nghi td qud'c thff clu phong vd td
eau phong cua ky lao quan lai de sang qudn mdn Ludng Quang, xin hgi xet vd nhd tau len vua Minh. L l vat eau phong thi tra theo le cu sffa soan te ehinh, dpi dffpc menh Idnh thi lap tflc tieh di. Sff khdi phuc qud'e hidu, tdn trpng quo'c t h e , khidn dan nffdc yen thinh, thffc d viee ndy. Mae Mdu Hgp chffa qua quye't Iam. De'n nlia Le Trung hung, n h a Minh lai lay chffc Do thong sfl phong cho. Chi vi trong khoang ba ddi cdn n h i l u viee, nen chUa kip bien bach, den day mdi xin phong. Nha Minh vdn khong cho, c h i n g qua Id vi tai mit quen vdi sff nghe tha'y gan ddy vay*^^'.
Di sff va tie'p sfl la nhflng cdng viec c6 y nghia quan trgng trong vigc gifl ^ n vd ndng eao "quo'c thl". Do vdy, Chdnh sff va Phd sff bao gid cung dffge Iffa ehgn la nhflng ngffdi hpc rdng tdi cao, ed kha ndng giao tie'p va uftig dd'i gidi. Tff khi khoa cu:
trd t h a n h eon dffdng lap t h a n ehan chinh cua cac bdc quan tuf, thi "Chflc sff t h i n phai la ngffdi ed trach nhiem ngoai giao, tat phai ken ngffdi dd tie'n si, quan tig'n trieu thi khdng dffgc dff"<20).
Trong chuye'n di sff ndm 1597, Chdnh sff Phung K h i c Khoan da d vao cai tuoi "co lai hy", Phd sff Nguyin Nhdn Thiem cung da 64 tuoi. Day la mgt trong nhflng doan sff than ma ca Chdnh sff v i n Phd sff diu Id nhflng ngudi da eao tuoi. Dieu dd mdt mat chffng td tai ndng, sff coi trgng cua trieu dinh dd'i vdi cua cac vi Chdnh sff, Phd sff, mdt khac cho thay tam quan trgng vd mffc do khd khan cua cudc bang giao ndy. Vi vay, trieu dinh can tdi nhffng bae Iao than day ddn hgc thffc va kinh nghiem "kinh bang te thd**.
Cau chuyen dffgc truyen tung ve chuyen di sff cho thay each ffng xff mem deo cua Phd sff Nguyen Nhan Thiem. Dd la: trffdc
Mai Phuang Nggc - Dinh Nguyen Hodng gidp Nguyen Nhdm Thiem...
khi v l nffdc, Phung K h i c Khoan dugc vua Minh thudng eho mdt dong Kim tien vd Nguyin Nhan Thiem mdt dong Ngdn tien nien hidu Van Lich, k h i c 4 chff "Van Lich thong bao" de deo. V l dg'n qudn dich, dng Phung Khde Khoan vut dong Kim tien xuo'ng da't va ndi: "Vua Tdu coi re vua minh, khong ehiu phong vffOng nhff the' giff vdt nay Iam gi cho nhuc". Quan Phd sff Nguygn Nhan Thiem nhat lay dap: "Vua Minh edn thien ve hp Mac, ta nghich vdi hp tranh sao khdi cudc binh dao, thi ddnh ehiu vay. Ne'u viec dng nem dong Kim t i l n dg'n tai vua Minh thi hai ta khd Idng md ve nffdc dffgc vd md'i quan he giffa hai ben ngay cdng xa'u di. Ong ndn nguoi g i ^ la hon. Tdi xin giff ca hai d i n g t i l n d l ehung vdo mpt eai hop ldm ky nidm cho viec di sfl, 6ng nghi sao?..."'2^*. Rd rdng, cde Chdnh vd Phd sff ben eanh hgc vd'n uygn tham con phai biet effong nhu dung luc.
Cdch ffhg eif cua Nguyin Nhdn Thiem dd cho thd'y ro dilu ndy.
Cho den tan bay gid, d Hoing Lpc vdn cdn truyen tung cdu chuyen ve Nguyin Nhdn Thigm vd chuye'n di sff vdi nhilu giai thoai ed pha chut hoang dffdng: Luc Nguyen Nhan Thiem cdn hdn vi, dem ngoi hpe bdi, thffdng ve khuya cd mdt cdnh tay nfl nhdn luin qua song cffa. Trang sdch dang lat gid trffdc den bi bdng tay chia ra che lap nhffng ddng chfl. Nguyin Nhdn Thiem cho Id lodi yeu quai trgu gheo, ben dem chuyen trinh vdi thay day. Thay dan lan sau cdn thay nhff v$y cff manh dan chop ngay lay quai the, ddnh dau vdn tff vdo Idng bdn tay. Nhan Thiem ldm theo ldi thay, song quen khdng hdi trffdc ddnh da'u chfl gi, luc lud'ng cud'ng ben de ludn ehff
*Thi?m" Id ten minh vdo. Tff dd, Nguygn Nhdn Thipm ngli hgc yen on. Ve sau, dng
nhan lenh di sff sang n h a Minh. Mdt ngdy kia, doan sff than dd vffgt bien ai dd xa, cdn vdi ehue dam nfla la de'n tram nghi chdn, thi trdi bdng nhien do mUa. Dodn sff than ben vao ngdi mieu c6 bgn dffdng ed hang ehff "Phu Dung edng chua Iinh tff", mdi bie't dd Id migu thd eong chua Phu Dung. Dem ay, quan Phd sff Nguyen Nhan Thiem cam thay khac thffdng, dot nhien tay chan rd rdi, dau de choang vang. Trong Iffc dng nffa tinh nffa me cd mdt bdn tay ddt nhe len tran, phang phat gipng ndi:
Chang dd nhan ra hoi mat bgn song cffa trdi Nam chffa? Thig'p Id cdng ehua Phu Dung, cho dung noi nay de ddn chdng tff lau roi! Nghe vdy, quan Phd sff ndi: Ndng hay de cho ta hodn t h a n h sfl menh. Ng'u qua cd t i l n duyen hdu kig'p, hen nhau luc trd ve, se ddn ta eflng khdng mudn. Cdng chua Phu Dung dap: The' cdn gi bing, noi doan ben ehia long bdn tay ed chfl
"Thiem", quan Phd sff giat minh tinh day, ngffdi nhe bdng di.,
Cdu chuyen hoang dudng cd le Id bcfi tinh cam yeu men cua dan gian mudn ly giai ve cdi che't cua Nguyen Nhdn Thigm trong chuye'n di sff nam 1597. Theo Gia phd hg Nguyin Hdu, dng ma't tren dffdng di sff trd ve, tai tram Phu Dung, phu Thieu Chdu (Trung Qud'c) hffdng thg 64 tuoi. Nhd Minh sai sff den vieng kinh can de tren Unh vi "Nam qud'e Thffgng sff t h i n cong"
va vieng doi edu dd'i:
Sinh da vinh, tff da vinh, hoan danh bieu bieu.
Nam nhff tai, B i e nhff tai, chinh khi duong dUdng.
Dich:
So'ng cflng vinh, thdc cung vinh, tie'ng tdm ldng lay.
50 Nghien cdu Dong Nam A 3/2013 Nam edn mai, B i e con mai, khi phach
menh mang*^^'.
Hien nay, tai n h a t h d dng cdn cd ddi cau dd'i:
Linh sdng tai thign danh tai sff, Huan du vi b i e sU vi nam.
Dich:
H i n thieng Ien trdi, ten edn trong sff Cdng danh d Bae, sff nghiep cf Nam.
Ghi nhan cdng lao cua Nguyin Nhan Thiem trong chuygn di sff, trilu dinh Le - Trinh da tang phong eho dng Id Ddc tie'n Kim tff Vinh lpe Dai phu, Khudng my Thig'u doan, HuXi thi lang bd Cdng, ban ten thuy la Hau Tin. De'n ndm Ky Ty (1599), Iai gia phong lam Ta thi lang bd Cdng, tudc Phuc Nguygn hiu.
Gia phd hg Nguyen Hdu tai Hoing Loc cung cho bie't, vdi edng lao trong chuye'n di sff ndm 1597, Nguyin Nhan Thigm da dffgc trieu dinh Le - Trinh ban cho 50 m i u rugng (sff dien). Mdt phan so' rudng da't ndy dng giao cho ngffdi nha canh tac, sd' cdn Iai hie'n cho dan lang md dffdng, lap chg.
Nhu vdy, cung vdi Chanh sfl Phung Khie Khoan, Phd sff Nguyen Nhdn Thiem Id ngudi cd vai trd quan trpng trong chuye'n di sff sang nhd Minh ndm 1597. Mae du chua dat dugc mue dich cau phong vUong, song chuyg'n di sff dd eung da bugc nhd Minh phai edng n h a n tinh ehinh tho'ng cua vua Lg Trung hUng vdi vai trb Id ngffdi dai dien chinh. thffc cho Dai Viet, quan he thdng sff giffa nhd Minh vdi nhd Le lai dffgc thie't lap. Day la vd'n de cd y nghia quan trgng dd'i vdi tinh hinh Dai Viet bay gid, bdi vi, cho du cac hinh thffc "nop cd'ng, xUng than" chi la " t h i n phuc tren danh nghia", thi dd cung la mgt dieu kien d l dan
tdc ta xay dffng va phdt trien vffng manh nen "dpc Idp thffc sff" cua m i n h dudi thdi quan chu./.
C H U THICH
1. Xa Hodng Loc hign nay thdi Lg Trung hung bao gom hai xd: Bpt ThUdng vd Bdt Thdi, Mac du Id hai xa trong hg th6hg hdnh ehinh Nhd nude song ncfi ddy vin Id m^t cdng dong eU dan thdng nhat da t6n tai bin vffng qua qud trinh ldu ddi vd dUpc gpi bing m^t edi ten chung: Idng Hoing Bpt hay Lu8ng Bot, Nhi Bpt vd ngUdi ddn hai xd cimg thd chung thdnh hodng ldng tai Bang Mdn Dinh.
2. d Hoing Loc cd nhieu ddng hp Nguyin khong ciing gd'c.
3. Theo sdeh Dinh KJiiit Dgi Viet lich triiu ddng khoa luc: Tff khoa ndy cho de'n khoa Nhdm Thin (1592), deu thi d sdch Van Lai (Thanh Hda), tuy ed ehia ldm Tam gidp, nhUng khong thi Dien.
4. Ddn theo Gia phd hg Nguyin Hdu, tdi U|u luu tai xd Hodng Ldc.
5. Le Quy Ddn: Dgi Viet thong sd, ban dich cua Lg Manh Lieu, Nxb Tong hdp Dong Thap, 1993, tr 219.
6. 11, 12, 15, 18. Dgi Viet sd ky todn thil, Hodng Vdn Lau, Ngo The' Long dich va chii thich, NXB KHXH, Ha Ndi, 1998, cdc trang 194-197.
7. 8, 9, 10, 13, 16, 19. Phan Huy Chu, Lich triiu hiin chOOng logi chi, NXB Sff hpc, Hd Noi, 1960, tap 4, cde tr 135;150; 172; 173; 175.
14, 17, 20. Xem them, Nguygn Minh Tudng, Ngd Tri Hoa vd chuyin di sd sang nha Minh ndm 1606, ky ye'u hpi thio khoa hpc
"Danh nhdn lich sd vdn hoa Ngd Tri Hoa vd dong hg Ngo cong tJidn Ly Trai", Dign Chau, 2009.
21, 22. Ddn theo Biii Khie Vigt, Nguyen DuB Nhug, Hodng L6c ddt hiiu hoc, NXB Thanh Hda, ndm 1996, tr 54 - 55.