32(2), 722-727 Tap chl cAC KHOA HOC VE T R A I DAT
6-2010
VI THE VA DlTBAO XU THE PHAT TRIEN VUNG CUA SONG CHAU THO SONG CUU LONG
_ NGUYfiN DICH DY, DOAN DINH LAM, VtJ V A N HA,
NGUYfiN TRONG TANf, DANG MINH TUAN, NGUYEN MINH QUANG I. MO DAU
Ddng sdng Me Kdng chdy vdo lanh thd Viet Nam theo hai phu luu Id sdng Hdu vd sdng Tien ; hai sdng nay tie'p tue chay qua cdc tinh ddng bdng va dd ra Bidn Ddng qua chin cua sdng, ddng bang nay dugc ggi la ddng bdng sdng Ciru Long. Td vi tri dja ly vd mang ludi thuy van cua sdng Hau va sdng Tidn nhu hien tai tren ddng bdng sdng Cdu Long cho tha'y vi tri dja ly vung cda sdng d day dugc xem nhu mdt tdi nguyen vj the.
Hien nay, tai nguyen vj thd da dugc de cap trong cac linh vuc tu nhien, xa hdi va chinh tri, song CO sd khoa hgc cua nd cdn la va'n de mdi me d nude ta cung nhu tren thd gidi. Trong bdi bdo nay, tai nguyen vj thd dugc hieu la nhiing tiem nang, gid tri vd vi tri dia ly, vd cdc thudc tinh khdng gian lien quan ddn cdu true hinh the son van, canh quan sinh thai ed thd sd dung cho cdc rnue dich phat trien kinh td xa hdi (KT - XH), dam bao an ninh qude phdng va chu quyen qud'c gia. Td dinh nghia uen, Trdn Ddc Thanh va nnk, (2009) da xay dung nhiing tieu chi dd danh gid tai nguyen vj thd nhu sau [4] :
Vi the td nhien : tdi nguyen vj the tu nhien Id cdc gia tri vd lgi ich cd duge td tdng the cac ydu to hinh thd, edu true khdng gian eua mdt khu vuc ndo dd va cdc tdi nguyen thien nhien khde cd mat tai dd.
Vi the dia ly kinh te : tdi nguyen dja kinh te la cac gia tri va lgi ich cd dugc td dae diem dja ly anh hudng ddn tidn trinh phat trien kinh td cua mdt vung, mdt qud'c gia, tham chf mdt khu viic.
Vi the dia chinh tri: tdi nguyen dia chfnh uj la su kdt hgp cua lgi the ve dja ly tu nhien vd nhan van, vdd mdt bdi cdnh chinh trj va kinh td qud'c te ndo dd.
Cac gia tri di kem : tai nguyen sinh vat, tdi nguyen phi sinh vat, tdi nguyen nhan van mdt khu vuc hay mdt ddi tugng dugc coi la cd gia uj tai nguySn vj thd cdn dat dugc mdt trong ba tieu chl dau tien.
Nhin td gde do dieu kien tu nhien cua eda sdng, cd the xem day nhu mdt dja he cda sdng vdi hai he thdng cae cda sdng eua sdng Hau vd sdng Tidn d quy md qud'c te. Tdi nguyen vi the nay rdt thuan lgi eho phat trien giao thdng van tai khdng ehi ndi dja ma ca giao thdng hang hai, phdt trien kinh te cdng bien, kinh te vung ven bien. Ben canh tdi nguyen vj the cua cae cua sdng d vung ven bien ddng bdng chau thd sdng Ciiu Long, chdng cdn cd mdt vj thd het sdc quan trgng trong viec bao ve an ninh qud'c phdng khdng chi ddi vdi vung nghien ciru ma cdn ddi vdi ea khu vuc ddng bdng Nam Bd va ddi vdi ca nude. Didu ndy eung ed the xem nhu mdt dang tai nguyen vj the dja chinh tri.
Nghien cdu vung cda sdng phu thudc nhieu vdo muc tieu cua tung nhiem vu hdt sdc linh ddng, trong pham vi bai bao nay, tap the tdc gia tdp trung gidi thieu vj the va du bao phat trien eua cdc cda sdng vung chau thd sdng Cim Long.
II.
M O T S O K H A INIEM CHUNG Trude khi xem xet vj thd cac cda sdng ven bien vung chau thd sdng Cdu Long cdn dat vung eda sdng ven bien trong khudn khd cua nhiing khai niem nhu ddi bd bidn (coastal zone), dudng bd bien vd eda sdng ven bien.
- Ddi bd bien : dai tidp giap giua ddt lien vd bien, khdng rdng ldm, cd tinh ddc dao tao nen mdt ldp vd cdnh quan cua Trdi Da't vd la noi xdy ra md'i tuong tac rdt phdc tap gida thach quyen, thuy quydn, khi quydn vd sinh quyen. Ddi bd bidn eung la he tu nhien md, phdc tap, da dang vd cung rat ddc dao, the hien rd ret va ddy dd nhdt md'i tdc ddng qua lai giua bdn quyen cua Trai Ddt.
Theo quan didm eua mdt sd nhd nghien cdu,
gidi han dudi cua ddi bd bidn la dd sau ma sdng bdt
ddu bie'n dang, eung nhu dia hinh vd trdm tich day
bdt ddu bidn ddi. Theo Cdng ude Luat bidn Qud'c te'
(1982), ddi bd bien dugc djnh nghia la vung bien dae quyen kinh td vdi chidu rdng khoang 200 hai ly td bd ra phfa bidn.
- Dudng bd bien : noi gap nhau giua bien va luc dja trong pham vi ddi bd bien. Mac du vay, cd tdc gia hidu dudng bd bien Id vi tri trung binh nhidu nam cua dudng tridu cudng hoae la dudng trung binh giua trieu cudng va trieu kiet.
- CCta song ven bien : mdt hgp phdn cua ddi bd bien hay cdn thudc ddi tuang tdc hien tai giiia bien vd luc dia. Mae khde, vung cda sdng ven bidn cdn la mdt hgp phan cua chau thd. Ngay nay, cdn cd nhiing quan diem khac nhau vd khdng gian, hinh thai dja mao va ve ddng lue phat tridn cua vung eua sdng ven bien.
III. VI THE CUA CAC^Cl/A SONG VEN BIEN VtJNG CHAU THO SONG CUU LONG Vung chau thd sdng Cim Long, noi hai sdng Hau va sdng Tidn, hai phan luu cua sdng Me Kdng chay vao Viet Nam vdi chin cua sdng : ba eda thudc sdng Hau la cda Tranh Dd (Trdn Dd), Djnh An vd Bat Xdc thudc dja phan tinh Sdc Trang ; sau cda thudc cdc chi luu cua sdng Tidn Id cua Cd Chien, cua Cung Hau (thudc sdng Cd Chien, tinh Trd Vinh), eda Ham Ludng (sdng Ham Ludng) vd cda Ba Lai (sdng Ba Lai) thudc tinh Ben Tre, eda Tieu, cua Dai (thudc sdng My Tho, tinh Tidn Giang). Trong chin cda sdng uen, cda Bdt Xdc bj bdi ldp mdt vdo nhiing nam dau cua the ky XX uen Cu Lao Dung do hoat ddng eua sdng Hau. Hoat ddng cua cda sdng Ba Lai phu thudc vao tridu len, tridu xudng thdng qua su dieu tidt cua dap Ba Lai. Vi the, thuc td cdn ed bay cda sdng dang boat ddng.
1. Vi the ve tu nhien
a. Dia hinh - dia mao
Td thugng ngudn sdng Me Kdng vd tdi chin cua sdng ven bien trude kia nay la bdy eda sdng vung chau thd sdng Cuu Long, ddng sdng da chuyen chd mdt ngudn nude nggt ldn cung cap cho ddng bdng va chinh ddng sdng dd mang phu sa ddn vung cua sdng ven bien bdi Idng hinh thanh cde cdn cat, gidng cat hoae cdc cu lao cua ddng bang chau thd. Ket qua nghien cdu cua Trinh Viet An [1], sdng Cim Long ddi 4.500 km, dien tfch luu vuc 0,79.10* km^ vdi luu lugng nude hang nam la 170 km^ lugng phu sa Id 160 trieu tdn/nam, dieu ndy ndi len lugng nude nggt vd phu sa Id rdt ldn vj the cung cdp nude nggt cho vung ha du (hinh 7).
Ddng bang chau thd ed bd mat ndm ngang tuong ddi bdng phang, dd'c thoai ra phia bien, noi eac ddng sdng thdng trj, hinh thdnh nen eac vung eua sdng ven bien.
Cd the neu thi du vd su hinh thdnh dien tfch eua tinh Ben Tre gdn lidn vdi hoat ddng eua sdng Cdu Long. Vung ddt tinh Ben Tre dugc hinh thdnh vao giai doan sau cung cua qua trinh bdi tu ddng bang sdng Cim Long va gdn vdi qua trinh phan nhanh eua sdng Cim Long. Da't Bdn Tre Id tren mat nude bidn td khoang 4.500 nam trd lai day. Trude tien la mdt cdn cua sdng xua't hien d vung chg Lach, sau dd mdt so gidng cdt dugc hinh thdnh, vdi ddng sdng to ldn tao ra mdt cua sdng mdi Id cua sdng My Tho, ldm xua't hien cac gidng cdt bien vung thj xa Ben Tre. Cung luc dd hmh thanh ddng sdng Ba Lai va boat ddng cua sdng Ham Ludng d phfa tay, sdng Tidn d phia ddng gdp phdn bdi tieh eho de'n ngdy nay [5].
Do do eao trang binh cua dja hinh td 1 ddn 2 m so vdi muc nude bien da tao ra nhidu cu lao, Uong dd ldn nhdt Id Cu Lao Minh nam d giiia sdng Cd Chien va sdng Ham Ludng, Cu Lao Bao ndm giiia sdng Ham Ludng va sdng Ba Lai, Cu Lao An Hod ndm giua sdng Ba Lai vd sdng My Tho.
Ngodi ra, cdn phdi ke de'n edn Phung, edn Tau tren sdng My Tho, cdn Oe, cdn Tinh... uen sdng Ham Ludng, edn Phu Da, edn Dung... uen sdng Cd Chien. Giiia cac cdn cat hay gidng cdt ven bidn la eac ddm man, dam bun.
Cda sdng ven bien cd nhidu tieu chf de phan loai, theo hinh thai dja mao thi cua sdng ven bien dugc chia thanh hai loai, loai cda sdng tam giac chau (delta) va cda sdng hinh phdu (estuary).
Qua dd, cd the ndi rdng chin hay bdy cua sdng ed mdt vj thd hdt sdc quan trgng Uong viee thay ddi hinh hdi vung cda sdng d ha du sdng Cim Long.
b. Dja chat
Vung eda sdng chju tac ddng cua cac qud trinh boat ddng kie'n tao. Tan kidn tao vd dja ddng luc hien dai. Long sdng Hau phat trien theo diit gdy sdng Hau, diit gdy Cd Chien theo sdng Cd Chien ; chung ddu cd hudng TB - DN. Dia hinh thoai; bdng phang nen tai vung cda sdng thudng tfch tu trdm tich hat min nhu bun set, bdt, cdt tao nen bd sdng hoae bd bien cd cdu tao trdm tich bd rdi. Cac boat ddng eua trieu, sdng, gid, tham chf bao thudng ddn tdi xdi Id dudng bd. Tai vung nghien cdu, qua trinh tan kidn tao da tao ndn ddi nang Sdc Trang vd vung ha Bdn Tre.
Theo cac tai lieu dja chdt, vung eda sdng chau Bat Xac nhung ddn nhiing nam ddu cua the ky XX thd Cim Long ehiu su chi phdi cua mdt sd ddt gdy eda ndy da bj bdi Ui, ldp ddy. Dut gdy Cd Chien cung chfnh phuang TB - DN nhu dut gdy sdng Hdu vdi cd hudng TB - DN, song Nguydn Huy Dung vd nnk hai eda sdng hien nay la Djnh An va Tranh De. (2005) [2] lai eho rdng dut gdy ndy cd phuang d Trude day vung cda sdng Hau cdn ed eda sdng vy tuydn.
Ngudi thanh lap : Nguyen Dich Dy, Vu Van Ha, Nguyen Van Quang Hinh 7. Sa dd tdi nguyen vi the vung eda sdng ven bien chau thd sdng Cdu Long
Theo Nguydn Dinh Xuyen (2005), hoat ddng trang d mdt sd doan nhdt dinh va dd sau chdn tam ddng da't d dut gdy Sdng Hdu cd cudng dd eung chi tap trang d dd sau td 10 km ddn 15 km.
M = 4,5 - 5,0 [6]. Tuy nhien, hoat ddng ddng ddt Cde boat ddng ddng ddt nay hoae true tiep, hoae
khdng phdn bd Udn toan bd dut gdy ma ehi tap gian tidp tae ddng ddn didn bidn cua dudng bd bidn,
lam thay ddi hinh hdi cua he thdng dudng bd thdng qua qua trinh xdi Id, bdi tu bd bidn, ldm hu hai cac cdng trinh ha tdng ven bien, gay thiet hai vd ngudi va. cua. Dieu nay cang khang djnh vj the cua vung ddi bd. Do dd edn cd dii bao vd cd cac phuong phap phdng trdnh hieu qua.
c. ThCiy hai van
Theo cdc nha khoa hgc ve thuy van, ljch su hinh thdnh va phdt tridn cda sdng ven bien d vung chau thd phu thudc rdt nhidu vao cac ye'u td tu nhien nhu: khf hau, lugng ddng chay va bun cat cua ddng chay eda sdng, thuy tridU, sdng cua ddng ven bd.
Nguydn Thj Nga vd Trdn Thuc (2003) khi de cap tdi eda sdng ven bien da cho rang vai trd cua che do thuy van vd hdi van d cua sdng ven bidn vung chau thd sdng Cim Long ddng vai trd cue ky quan trgng trong qua trinh hinh thdnh vd phat trien eda sdng ven bien [3].
Vung cda sdng ven bien chau thd sdng Cdu Long cd chd do ban nhdt tridu khdng ddu, mdt ngay cd hai ldn len xudng, bien do tridu kha ldn cd the td 2,5 m tdi 3,5 m. Thuy Uieu la mdt nhan td dua nude man xam nhap sau vao ndi ddng, dae biet vao mua khd.
Vdng nghien eiiu cd mang ludi sdng ngdi, kenh rach ddy dae, eac con sdng ddu dd ra bidn theo hudng tay bdc - ddng nam vd lugng nude d cac con sdng kha ddi dao. Nhin td gde do thuy hai van vung nghien ciiu cung tha'y dugc mat tich cue va mat tieu cue hoae mat thuSn lgi vd khdng thuan lgi cho vj tri dia ly, cdu true hinh the nhan van, canh quan sinh thai phuc vu eho phat tridn kinh td - xa hdi vd an ninh qud'c phdng. Mae du vay, vung cua sdng ven bien chau thd sdng Cim Long vdn dugc xem nhu mdt vj thd tdi nguyen.
2. Vi theveKT - XH va quoc phdng
Cae cda sdng ven bien vung chau thd sdng Cim Long la noi tap trang dan cu cua 51 xd thudc 11 huyen ven bidn eua bdn tinh Sdc Trang, Trd Vinh, Ben Tre va Tien Giang. Noi day, cac boat ddng kinh td nhu ndng nghiep, djeh vu, du ljch, nudi trdng thuy sdn, danh bdt hai san... rat sdi ddng.
Cac boat ddng giao thuong ndi vung va ngoai vung trong nude vd qud'c td nhdn nhip. Vd mat an ninh qud'c phdng rat quan trgng, bdi le noi day ed dudng bd bien ddi vdi cac cda sdng ven bien vung chau thd tao didu kien thuan lgi cho su xam nhdp sau vdo da't lidn. Do dd can ed cae phuong dn tdc chidn, phdng chdng su xam nhap cua cdc the luc phan ddng vao ddt lidn. Vi thd vj the cua vung nay hdt sdc quan trgng vd mat an ninh xa hdi vd an ninh qud'c phdng. Cd the neu mdt vi du, cda Djnh An
cua sdng Hdu Id mdt cda sdng ed didu kien tdt nhdt trong cdc eda sdng eua sdng Cim Long ed thd tao ludng lach cho tdu bien ra vdo mien Tay Nam Bd ma can Tho la cang ldn nhat trdn sdng Hau, cdch cua Dinh An 120 km. Td Can Tho cd the theo sdng Hau qua Vam Nao... sang sdng Tidn de di nguge ddn Phndm - Penh eua Campuehia, do dd nd edn la tuydn dudng thuy qude td [1].
Trade nhiing ddi hdi bdc bach eua cdng cudc cdng nghiep hod, hien dai hod cho khu vuc ddng bang sdng Cim Long ndi chung va vung cua sdng ven bien sdng Cim Long ndi rieng cung nhu nhu cau giao luu hdi nhdp khu vuc vd thd gidi, Chinh phu da cd chu traong ldn cai tao va nang cap ludng tdu qua cua Dinh An theo tieu chuan thdng tau 10.000 DWT ddy tai va 20.000 DWT giam tai, phuc vu nhu cdu van chuyen hang hod phdt trien KT-XH ddng bang chau thd sdng Cim Long theo quydt djnh 173/QD-TTG cua Thu tudng Chinh phu.
Didu nay ciing khang djnh vj thd vd mat KT - XH va an ninh qude phdng cua cac cda sdng ven bien chau thd sdng Cim Long.
Vd mat van hda xa hdi, ndu su ed mat cua cae thanh tao tram tich Holocen d day cd td 11.700 nam den nay, ljch sd phat tridn cua cae cu dan Viet cd tai dja ban tuang iing vdi van hda Oc Eo la khoang 3.000 nam cho ddn khi hinh thdnh vuong qud'c Phu Nam vdo ddu cdng nguyen (thidt che nha nude) thi cdc vdn dd phdt trien KT - XH ehi vdo khoang mdt phdn ba thdi gian sau ndy. Xet vd mat phat trien KT - XH, tai day da trai qua hai giai doan : phdt tridn kinh td sdc lao ddng vdi loai hinh kinh td nguyen thuy, tie'p theo la loai hinh kinh td ndng nghiep ; giai doan sau Id phdt trien kinh te tdi nguyen vdi sy xudt hien cua nganh kinh td cdng nghiep didn ra tren dja ban ddng bang chau thd sdng Cim Long ndi chung va vung eda sdng chau thd ndi rieng, bat ddu td thdky XIX de'n ngdy nay.
Vung cda sdng ven bidn chau thd sdng Cim Long la mdt midn dat hinh thdnh mudn so vdi cac vung khac tren lanh thd Viet Nam. Song, nhung cd heu ljch sd eho thay, tai noi day, ngudi Viet ed da biet su dung thd manh cua mien ddt triing sdng nude de phat tridn KT - XH. Trai qua hang nghin nam khai thac lanh thd, cac cu dan Viet ed gdm ngudi Kinh, Khome, Hoa, Cham... tren midn ddt nay da la'y he thdng sdng ngdi, kenh rach lam cdc mydn dudng thuy de thdng thuong, cai tao nhung midn ddt trung thanh cdc ddng radng mdu md, theo mua nude lu lay phu sa bdi ddp cho eac cdnh ddng.
Ngoai ra, sdc ngudi da bidn cde gidng da't cao thanh nhung midt vudn tru phu, ma san vat cay trdi da Id hang hda theo cac tau budn trao ddi vdi cac nude khac trong khu vuc. Song song vdi nhflng thanh qua eua lao ddng phdt trien kinh te nhflng san phdm van hda nghe thuat cung ra ddi vdi nhiing ldi ca tieng hdt nhu cdc didu ly, sau cau vong cd, hd...
Vi vay neu nhin td goc do kinh td xa hdi, vung eda sdng ven bien chdu thd sdng Cdu Long cd mdt vj thd nhdt djnh.
Tdm lai, cdc cda sdng vung chau thd sdng Cim Long la noi tap trang dan cu ddng due, noi cdc boat ddng kinh te sdi ddng, cde boat ddng giao thdng Uong nude vd qud'c td nhdn nhjp, song cung la noi ed vj tri an ninh qud'c phdng quan trgng. Mat khac, nhin td gde do tu nhidn eac cda sdng d day lai la noi rdt phdc tap, chju tac ddng cua cac qua trinh dja mao - dja hinh, dja chdt. Tan kidn tao, dja ddng luc hien dai, hoat ddng cua cac chd dd thuy hai van cua sdng, eua bien ludn ludn ed md'i tUdng tae, tranh chap vdi nhau, mdt vung rat nhay cam ; chinh vi thd eung khang djnh vj the cua cdc cda sdng ven bidn vung chau thd sdng Cim Long.
IV. DU BAO XU THE
PHATTRIEN CAC CUA
S6NG V E NBIEN VUNG CHAU THO
SONG CUU LONG
Xu the phat trien cua cdc eda sdng ven bidn chau thd sdng Cim Long trong nhiing thap nien tdi se bidn ddng rdt manh me do cac ydu to sau:
- Tidn bd ve khoa hoc ky thuat Uong the ky XXI rdt ldn, tren nhieu linh vuc se Id ddng lue phat trien kinh te, dae biet ddi vdi eac nganh nhu dich vu, du lich, ndng nghiep, nudi trdng thdy san, danh bat hai san... Tai vung chau thd sdng Cuu Long, nhidu du an xay dung cang vd cang cd se md ra mdt thdi ky mdi cho cdc ngdnh giao thdng van tai va thuy hai san. Van phdng UBND tinh Ben Tre cho biet : ngay 25 - 6 - 2007, tai tinh Bdn Tre trong 6 thang dau nam 2007 da thu hut dugc nam du an dau tu ldn tai thj xa Bdn Tre, huyen Ba Tri, huyta Md Cay vk huyen Chg Lach.
Theo Trjnh Viet An [1], Bd giao thdng van tai da la'y phuong an kenh tat do tu vdn qud'c te SNC- Lavalin (Canada) de xudt de lap bao cao kha thi.
Theo phuang dn nay, vide dao kenh tat md cda mdi cho tau bien tranh eda Dinh An, di qua kdnh Quan Chanh Bd vdo sdng Hau. Phuang an nay da dugc khdi cdng quy I nam 2009.
Viec xay dung dap Ba Lai, edu Rach Midu...
ldm cho viee giao thdng khdng chi bdng dudng thuy qua he thdng kenh rach ma cd ca he thdng dudng bd, dugc ndi bang nhiing chide cdu, lam cho viec di lai thuan lgi hon.
Bie'n ddi khi hau toan cdu ddn tdi hien tugng nude bien dang dnh hudng khdng nhd tdi cudc sdng cua ngudi dan trong vung cda sdng ven bien.
Tdc ddng cua bie'n ddi khi hau ddn ndng nghiep, tdi nguyen nude, lam nghiep, thuy san va nghe ea, de'n ddi bd, den nang lugng vd giao thdng, sdc khde dang dugc nghien cdu phan tieh. Bidn ddi khi hau khdng the quan ly dugc va tae ddng cua bidn ddi khf hau la khdng Uanh khdi.
Ngay 22 - 7 - 2008, tai hdi thao d Tp HCM ve quy hoach thuy lgi Ddng Bang sdng Cdu Long va cung cd nang cdp de bien, Bd tradng Bd Ndng nghiep va Phat tridn Ndng thdn Cao Ddc Phat da cdng bd canh bao cua Lien Hiep Qude ve nude bien dang 1 m, Viet Nam mdt 17 ty USD/nam, 1/5 dan sd chju anh hudng ; 12,3 % dien tfch ddt trdng Ugt bj bidn mat.
Mat khde, khi nude bien dang, cdc vung cda sdng ven bien chau thd sdng Cim Long se thay ddi vj tri theo hudng di sau vao phan luc dia, hinh hai eua cac cda sdng nay cung thay ddi. Tuy nhien, vdi nhiing tidn bd vd khoa hgc ky thuat vdi dudng ldi, chu traong dung ddn se cd nhiing bien phap dng phd thich hgp va cd hieu qua.
KET LUAN
Nhin td gde dd vj tri dia ly Ui nhien, KT - XH, an ninh qud'c phdng vd giao luu qud'c td cua vung cda sdng ven bidn chau thd sdng Cdu Long, ed the nhan tha'y tdm quan trgng cua vung nhu sau :
1. Vung cda sdng ven bien chau thd sdng Cim Long la mdt dang tai nguyen thien nhien, cu thd la mdt dang tdi nguyen vi the.
2. Dang tai nguyen vi the vung nghien ciiu dugc the hien d cac tieu ehi cdu thdnh nhu vj thd tu nhien, vi the dja ly kinh td, vj thd dja chfnh tri.
- Vj the tu nhien Id tdng hod eac gia tri va M ieh eua vj tri dia ly, didu kien tu nhien, tai nguySn.
- Vj thd dia kinh td la khd nang vd quan he kinh te theo khdng gian vung, mien thdng qua he thdng giao thdng vd eo sd ha tdng.
- Vi thd dja chfnh tri la su ket hgp giua cae vj thd cua vj tri tu nhien, vj the dja kinh te va ngudn lyc nhan van Uong mdt bdi cdnh cy the.
3. Vung ven bidn chau thd sdng Cim Long, mdt vung ddng bang chau thd vdi be mat nam ngang tuong ddi bang phang, dd'c thoai ra bien, hdng nam tiep nhan mdt lugng phu sa cue ky ldn (160 trieu ta'n/nam) qua he thdng sdng Cim Long. Lugng phu sa ndy phdn ldn lang dgng tai he thdng sdng, rach cua ddng bdng, mdt phdn duge ddng chdy ven bd, thuy tridu, sdng gid van ehuyen phan bd d vung bidn ndng ven bd. Ddng sdng Hau va sdng Tidn cdn mang tdi vung ddng bdng mdt khdi lugng nude nggt ldn cho ngudi dan sinh sdng tai day su dung.
Thdng qua hoat ddng cua sdng Hau va sdng Tien neu tren cung da nhan thdy dugc vj the cua hai con sdng ndy ddi vdi ddng bdng chau thd sdng Cim Long ndi chung va ddi vdi vung ven bidn chau thd sdng Cdu Long ndi rieng. Thue td didu ndy da khdng djnh tai nguyen vj thd cua sdng Hau vd sdng Tien d ddng bang sdng Cdu Long.
4. Vung cda sdng ven bidn chau thd sdng Cuu Long vdi xu thd phat trien Uong nhflng thap nien tdi se rat manh me tren nhieu linh vyc td KT - XH tdi an ninh qud'c phdng, khoa hgc ky thudt, khdng ngdng nang cao dan trf, nang cao ddi sdng cua ngudi dan. Tuy nhien, trade cdc su cd hoae trade nhflng hien tugng nude bien dang do bien ddi khi hau toan cau, cac nha quan ly cdn cd nhiing chu traang chinh sach vd cac bien phap thfch dng hieu qua nhdm giam thiet hai vd ngudi va cua ddi vdi cdc sy CO do su bidn ddi khf hau todn cdu va nude bien dang.
TAILIEUDAN
[1] TRINH VIET AN, 2006 : Nghien cdu cdc giai phdp khoa hgc vd cdng nghe chdng sa bdi dn djnh Idng ddn eda Djnh An phuc vy nhu cdu van chuydn hang hoa. Bdo edo tdng kdt de tdi KHCN cap Nha nude. Ha Ndi.
[2] NGUYfiN HUY DUNG, NGUYEN NGOC HOA, NGUYfiN KIM H O A N G , N G U Y I N NGOC SON, LE THI NGOC MAI, PHAM THI DUNG, 2005 : Ddnh gia bidn ddng dudng bd bidn td mui Ke Ga ddn mui Cd Mau thdi ky 1965-2004, nguyen nhan va du bao xu the phat trien. Tuyen tap Dia chdt tai nguyen, Tp Hd Chi Minh.
[3] NGUYEN THI NGA, TRAN THUC, 2003 : Dgng luc hgc sdng. Nhd xudt ban Dai hgc Qud'c gia Ha Ndi.
[4] TRAN DUG THANH, T R A N DINH LA.N, NGUYfeN HUU Ctr, L A N G V A N KEN, NGUYEN V A N Q U A N , DINH VAN HUY, 2009 : Mdt sd vdii de ve phuong phap luan didu tra, ddnh gia tai nguyen vj the, ky quan sinh thai dia chdt vung bien, ven bd va eac dao Viet Nam. Tuyen tap Tai nguyen va Mdi tradng Bidn, tap XIV, Nha xudt ban Khoa hgc Ty nhien va Cdng nghe, Hd Ndi.
[5] LE THONG, 2006 : Dja ly Viet Nam cdc tinh vd thdnh phd ddng bdng chau thd sdng Cdu Long, Nhd xudt ban Gido due, Ha Ndi.
[6] NGUYfiN DINH XUYEN, 2005 : Nghien cdu dy bao dgng ddt vd dao dgng ndn d Viet nam. Bao cac dd tai ddc lap cdp Nha nude, Thu vien Vien Vat ly-dia cau, Ha Ndi.
S U M M A R Y
The position and forecasting the development trend of estuaries area in Cuu Long delta
The Mekong delta where Hau river and Tien river, two branches of Mekong river flow In Vietnam by 9 estuaries which include 3 estuaries of Hau river (Tran De, Dinh An, Bat Xac) and 6 estuaries of Tien river (Co Chien, Cung Hau, Ham Luong, Ba Lai, Tien, Dai). Nowadays, Bat Xac estuary has been extended by running process of Hau River from the beginning of 20'" century to present; the running process of Ba Lai estuary depends on the regulation of Ba Lai dam. Thus, there are 7 running estuaries in reality.
It is noted from the geographical location of estuaries of Mel<ong delta costal that these estuaries play an important position to physical, economic- social field and defense security as well as international exchanges.
To the general trend of the following years, estuary area of Mekong delta coatal will develop powerfully in many fields from economic-social issues to defense security, science and technology, enhancing intellectual standards and life of inhabitant incessantly.
It is necessary for administrators to provide policies and effective adaptable solutions with a view to reduce loosing of people and money from breakdowns happened as the global climate changes and the rising of sea water.
Ngdy nhdn bdi: 14-07- 2009
Vien Dia chdt - Vien KH & CNVN
