DOI CHIEU MO HINH D p j H DANH THUAT N G C CHI CHU THE DU LICH TRONG TIENG VIET VA TIENG ANH
LETHANHHA'''
Tdm t4t: Ngdnh du lich hogt dgng hay van hdnh bdi 4 tham ti chinh, theo dd. cdc thudt ngU du Itch cung dugc phdn chia theo ban phgm tm chinh tuang Ong vdi 4 tham tSndy nhu sau: chu thidu Hdh sin phdm duUeh.d& tugng du lich vd hogt ddng du lich. Bdi viit trinh bdy cde mdhinh dinh 'l^'^'hugtngiiduliehchtchithiduiuAtrongtieitgViitodtiehgAnh.DakhudnkHciiabdiviii
t"^ Sti chi trinh bdy mdhinh dinh danh nhiing dan vi diin Mnh nhA, ndm i trung tdm, Id hat nhdn cua hi thmg thugt ngSdu lich trong ca hai ngon ngU
TU khda: thuat ngU; thudt ti; mo hinh dinh danh; chu thidu lich; dat tugng du lich; sin phim du lick; hogi dgngdu lich.
Abstraeu Tourism is operated by 4 factors, as a result, tourist technical words ale also devided by
^.aspects respectively: tourist subject, tourist product, tourist object, and tourist activity. This article presented Ihe normative linguistic model fi,r tourist subject in English and Vietnamese. The author only focused on the most typical normative model as the center of tourist technical language in both languages.
Keywords: technical word, technical factor, normative model, tourist subject, tourist object, tourist product, tourist activity.
Ngdy nhgn bdi: 30/ 7/2014; Ngdy duyit ddng bdi: 15/11/2014.
De nghien cflu dfic diem dinh danh cua b^ng cua tJn gpi/thujt ngfl, mii ngdn mdt ngdn ngfl, d c nhfi ngdn ngfl hpc cho ngfl sS sil dung md hlnh effu tao tfl hay rtag cd the xdt d c thufit ngfl du Hch tfl cflng cd thi gm lfi md hlnh dinh danh phuong dijn d c h thflc bilu thi khii nijm nhfft dinh dl tao ra cie thufit ngfl du lich Uieo 3 tieu chi sau: (a) Moi hen hj gifla (TNDL) phu hop. Dilu nfiy cd thi giflp cffu ttnic bin ngofii vfi f nghia cua Uiuat nhjn thffy dupc dftc dilm cua sU tri nhftn ngfl (Uieo ttnh cd U do); (b) mflc dj kit v4 thien hfldng lua chpn cfic dfic tntog Uitoh mdt khdi hay cd thi phto Uch khu bijt cila cic khii nijm, cac dli tupng thfinh tflng bj phjn ciia Uiu j t ngfl; (c) dffu de lfim ca sd dinh danh chung trong Itoh hiju die timig dupc Ixfa chpn 14m cfl sd cho vuc du Iich d tting Vijt v4 ti&g Anh.
Bif dinh danh (hinh thai bjn trong)'". Cto cfl kit qui khao sat 1.500 thufit Trong khudn khd bfii vilt, chung tdi se ngfl du lich tilng ViJt vfi 1.500 thujt ngfl chi tfip trung vfio tieu ehi thfl ba: (c) dffu du lieh ti&g Anh, cd thi phto thujt ngfl hiju die tt-Ung dupc lya chpn lfim ca ed
e h o s u d i n h d a n h . Tfl c i e dffu h i j u dfic " NCS Kho. Ngo. nga hoe. Hoe vi«n Kho. hoe x i h«i t r f l n g d u p c l u a c h p n lfim c a s d c h o KU i t i n h '" L« Khi Kc (1984), Chuin hda thudt n g i khoa hgc
hda chinh td vd thudt ngd. Nxb tr.116.
NHiN Itn; KHOA HOC XiH(l g ] .— —.- ••—""™™ .'exuustjuui^ nye vi^nivno.noexan^.
t n t o g d u p c l u a c h p n lfim c a s d c h o s u d i n h >-• " h i KS (1984), Chain hia thudt ngd'khoa hoc danh nfiy vffi t u d c h 14 htoh Uiai b t o ^ d ^ H ^ ^ t r ' S e ' * ^ "^ " ' ""^' "^^ ""*•
sliti-ait
DPI CHIEU MO HJNH DINH DANH T H U A T N G C CHI CHIJ THE DU LICH...
du lich trong m i i ngdn ngfl Ifim hai loai:
Loai thfl nhfft cd hinh thflc n g t o gpn, bao gom mjt thuat td', de itjnh danh d c k h i i nijm cfl b t o mang tinh pham tru hay chi k h i i nijm loai trong ngfinh du lich. De tim ra dflpc nhflng dan vi t h u j t ngQ chi pham tru hay chi k h i i nijm loai ffy, t i c g i i v t o dung U thuyet cua Ch.J.rillmore v l kieu cffu true khung "frame" v4 cffu true tham to cua ngQ nghla djng tfl da duac mjt so nh4 nghien cflu vjn dyng trong mjt s l cdng trinh nghito ctfu v l thujt ngfl g t o d&y.
Theo tfl heu p h t o ttch, thdiig ke cua chtog tdi, trong tteng Vijt ed 194 thufit ngfl du lich chi phpm trfl hay k h i i nijm loai mdt (chiim 12,93%), trong tilng Anh cd 674 thufit ngfl (chiim 44,94%).
Lopi thfl hai dupc tao r a tren cfl sd lopi mjt, nghia 14 sfl dung t h u j t ngfl 14 nhflng tJn gpi thupc 4 phpm t r u hay nhdm k h i i nijm chl lopi dupc nju trJn k i t hap vffi cic tJn gpi nhflng djc dilm, tlnh chfi't, thujc tinh,... cila nhflng sfl vjt, hijn tupng... thudc bdn nhdm k h i i nijm lopi k l t r t o trong ngfinh du lich. Theo thdiig kJ, trong tilng Vijt cd 1.306 thufit ngfl lopi nfiy (ehilm 87,07%), trong t i l n g Anh cd 826 t h u j t ngfl (chiem 55,06%). Dfiy 14 cfic thujt ngfl bao gfim hai t h u j t t l trd ISn, f nghia cua chflng cd mflc d j k h i i q u i t thfi'p han lopi thfl nhfi't, do vjy, tfi't nhiJn mflc d j cu t h i hda v l ngfl nghia cao hon vfi cd vai trd p h i n lopi t h u i t ngfl Ioai Ulfl nhfft.
Vi du: Trong h j Um j t ngfl du hch tting Vljt, cic Uiujt ngfl lopi 1 nhu: huing din viin, dit buing, du lich, v.v...; eic thujt ngfl lopi 2: huing ddn viin du lich, hudng ddn viiri ndi dia, hudng ddn vUn qudi ti- m budng cd ddm bdo, dgt budng khdng dam bao; du lich li hii, du lich di tich lich Q I NHiN LVC KHM HjCXi HOl
si, du lich tianh lam thing cdnh, du lich ldng ng/ii, v.v...
Ddi vffi t h u j t ngQ du Iich ti&g Anh, cic t h u j t ngfl lopi 1 nhu: tour (du Iich), room (phdng), v.v... cic t h u j t ngfl loai hai nhu:
inbound tour (chuyin du lich qudc t l di vfio), outbound tour (chuyin du lich qudc te di ra), single room (phdng dan), twin bed room (phdng cd hai giudng dfln), v.v...
Hoat ddng du lich 14 hoat ddng td'ng hpp bao gom n h i l u chu t h i tham gia. Do dd, Uiu j t ngQ chl chu t h i ttlii h j n h hopt djng du lich bao g i m tSn d c bd p h t o , t l chflc, cl n h t o , dfln vj, dotoh nghijp, cfl q u t a dpi dijn tham gia true ttj'p hofic gito tijp vfio hoat djng du Iich. K i t qua khao s i t tu hju cho Uiffy, cd 407/1.500 thuftt ngfl chi chil the du Iich trong tt&g Viet vfi 237/1.500 thufit ngfl chi chu t h i du Iich trong tilng Anh. Sau d i y chung tdi se p h t o tich, doi chijii c&c md htoh dinh danh chi cic chil Uil a i n hfinh hoat djng du lich. Chflng tdi ky kiju T Ifi dftc ttntog dupc chpn lfim co sd dinh danh trong t h u j t ngfl.
1. T h u j t ngur c h ! k h i c h d u lich Tiing Viet: khdch (du lich) + T (64 thugt ngi)
Tiing Jinh: T + visitor/ guest/ traveler/
tourist (43 thudt ngi)
Tl • ddc diim khdch du lich: Cd 11 t h u j t ngfl t i l n g Vijt (20,37%), vl dy:
khdch bo trdn, khdch chd, khdch cu, v.v...
Cd 09 thufit ngfl t i l n g Anh (20,93%), vl du: night guest (khich dJm), repeat visitor (khich quen), mass tourist (khdch du lich binh ddn), v.v...
T2 - muc dich du lich: C6 13 Uiujt ngfl ti&g Vljt (24,07%), vi du: khdch du lich cdng vu, khdch du lich giai tri, v.v... Cd 11 Uiuit ngfl ti&g Anh (25,58%), vi du: convention g"est (khich du Iich hdi nghJX leseareh guest
(khich du ljch nghito cflu), v.v...
siii-2in«
LE THANH H A T3 - nAdmdu lich: Cd 09 thufit ngfl
tilng Viet 06,67%), vi du: khdch du lich thinh phd, khdch du lich ndng thdn, v.v...
Cd 07 t h u j t ngfl tilng Anh (16,28%), vi dy: dty tourist (khich du Kch Uiftnh phi), countryside tourist (khich du hch ndng UldnX v.v...
T4 - phuang tiin chuyin chd khdch du ljch: Cd 06 t h u j t ngfl t i & g Vijt (11,11%), vi du: khdch du lich xe buyt. khdch du lich hing khdng. v.v... Cd 05 thuat ngfl tijkig Anh (11,63%), vi du: 6 M traveler (khach du lich xe buyt), airline traveler (khach du lich h t o g khdng), v.v...
TS - xudt xa cua khdch du lich: Cd 07 thujt ngfl tilng Vijt (12,96%), vi dy:
khdch tiu lich ngi dia, khdch du lich qudc t S v.v... Cd 06 thufit ngfl tieng Anh (13,95%), vi du: domestic tourist (khich du lieh nji dia), international tourist (khieh du Iich qudc tl), v.v...
T6 -cac&i dodn khdch du lich: Cd 05 thujt ngfl tt&g Vijt (9,26%), vl'du: khdch tip the. khdch di riing le. khdch doan, v.v... CK 03 t h u j t ngfl tilng Anh (6,98%), VI dy: group guest (khich dofin), single guest (khich le), v.v...
T7 - thdi gian liiu tru: (3d 03 thuit ngfl tilng Vijt (5,56%), vl dy: khdch luu trii dai hgn, Uidch ngdy, v.v... Cd 02 thujt ngfl tt&g Anh (4,66%), vi du: short stay guest (khich luu trfl ngfin ngiy), day guest (khich ngiy), v.v...
2, T h u a t ngfl" c h i nh&n v i j n p h u c v u t r o n g h o a t d o n g d u Iich
Tiing Viit: nhdn vUn + T(72 thudt ngi) Tiaig Anh: T+stc^/agent (SS thudt ngi) K i t q u i khao sat tU Uju cho thffy, phpm trfl n4y chi cd mot djc trung dinh danh duy nhfft, dd 14:
T- chic ndng, nhiim vu cia nhdn uiin Cd 72 t h u j t ngfl ti&g Vijt, vi du: nhdn viin dot chd. nhdn viin thiidng true frin
chuyin bay, nhdn viin li tdn, nhdn viin true sdnh, nhdn viin bdn tour, nhdn viin diiu hdnh tour, nhdn viin phu bip, nhin vien trung chuyin. nhdn viin hudng ddn hogt dgng. nhdn vien bdo tri. nhdn viin diiu phdi. nhin uiin lidnh chinh, v.v...
Cd 55 thufit ngfl tieiig Anh, vi dy:
luggage staff, in-flight staff, front desk agent, reception agent, retail travel agent, tour agent, front desk agent, reception agent, food staff, chef, cook, activities instruction agent, maintemance staff, administration staff, information staff, v.v...
3. T h u a t ngiif c h i c a n h a n q u a n Iy t r o n g h o p t d o n g d u l i c h
Tiing Viit: chu/ tnidng/ phu trdch/
gidm da: + T(23 thudt ngi)
Tiaig Anh: T+leader/ manager/ executive (09 thudt ngi)
Tl - bg phdn cdng viic dUOc phu trdch:
Cd 17 t h u j t ngfl tie'ng Vipt (73,91%), vl du: phu trdch bd phdn buong, trudng bd phdn li tin, phu trdch tour, phu trdch kinh doanh. v.v... Cd 12 t h u j t ngQ tilng Anh (66,67%), vi dy: housekeeping executive (phy t r l e h bp p h j n buing), front-desk executive (ttudng bd p h t o 11 t t o ) , sales manager (phu trach kinh doanh), v.v...
T2 - nhdm ngudi dUOc phu trdch: Cd 02 thufit ngQ tt&g Vijt (8,7%), vl dy: trudng dodn khdch. trudng nhdm phuc vu. v.v...
Cd 02 Uiujt ngfl tt&g Anh (11,11%), vi du: tour leader (phy ttrach tour), service leader (trudng bp p h j n phyc vy), v.v...
ra - ngdnh nghi kinh doanh: Cd 04 t h u j t ngfl tt&g Vljt (17,39%), vl du: chu qudn trg, chu khdch san, v.v... Cd 04 thu j t ngfl tt&g Anh (22,22%), vl du: hotel manager (giam dob khach san), restaurant manager (giam ddc nhfi htog), v.v...
4. T h u a t nga c h j b o p h a r i chiic n a n g t r o n g iloaiih n g h i j p d u lich
Tiing Viet: bgphgn + T(47 thiidt ngi) siiiai*
NHAN MK KHOA HOC XAHOl Q
D 6 I Cfflf U M 6 H I N H DINH DANH T H U A T N G g CHI C i r t THi DU LJCH...
Tiing Anh: T + section (31 thudt ngi) Tl - li hdnh: (K 13 t h u j t ngfl tting Vijt (27,66%), vi dy: bdphdn hUdng ddn, bdp/tdndgtgiichd, v.v... C3d 09 thujt ngfl tt&g Anh (29,04%), vi dy: sales section (bd phjn kinh doanh), guiding section (bj phjn h u & g dto), v.v...
T2 - luu tni: ( 3 d H t h u j t ngfl ti&g Vijt (23,41%), vi dy: bd phin li tdn, bi phgn budng, v.v... Cd 07 t h u j t ngQ tt&g Anh (22,58%), vi dtr reception section (bj phjn 11 tta), room section (bj p h j n bufingX v.v....
re - in udng: Cd 16 thufit ngQ tilng Vijt (34,04%), vi du: bgphgn nhd hdng. bd phin chibiin do nudng. v.v... Cd 11 thujt ngQ tilng Anh (35,48%), vi dy: fish section (bj phta mdn ck), grilled section (bj phjn mdn nu&g), v.v...
T4 -hdtrg:(X 07 thujt ngfl ti&g Vijt (14,89%), vl du: dp phdn tiip thi, bd phdn cham sdc khdch hdng, v.v... Cd 04 thujt ngfl tilng Anh (12,9%), vl dy: marketing section (bj phjn tilp thj), customer care section (bj phjn chfim sdc khach htag), v.v...
5. T h u p t ngfl c h i c i n h a n , to' chflc t h a m gia k i n h d o a n h d u lich
Tiing Vi4t: cd nhdn/ td' chic/ doanh nghiip + T (36 thudt ngi)
Tiing Anh: T* enterprise/ company (13 thu^t ngi)
Tl - linh viic hogt ddng: Ci 15 thujt ngfl tt&g Vijt (41,67%), vi dy: doanh nghijp kinh doanh luu trfl, ca n h t a kinh doanh lfl hfinh, v.v... Cd 05 Uiuftt ngfl ti&g Anh (38,46%), vi dy: h^vel enterprise (doanh nghijp ktoh doanh lfl hfinh), accommodation enterprise (doanh nghiep kinh doanh luu trfl), v.v...
T2 - phgm vi. quy md to chic hoat ddng du lich: Cd 10 t h u j t ngfl tilng Vijt (27,78%), vi dy: ctf sd kinh doanh du lich dia phUdng, tichic du lich thigidi. v.v Cd 04 thufit ngfl ti&g Anh (30,78%), ^ Q NHiN IVC KHOA HOC XiHOl
du: local tourism company (cdng ty du lich dia phuang), internationai travel enterprise (doanh nghijp du lich qudc tl), v.v...
re - logi dich vu: Cd 07 thujt ngfl ti&g Vijt (19,44%), vi to: casd dich vu visa, casd dich vu ngi cU, v.v... Cd 02 thuftt ngQ ti&g Anh (15,38%), vl dy: Diso company (ca sd dich vu visa), in-plcmt service comptmy (ca sd dich vu npi cU), v.v...
T4 - hogt ddng trung gian du lich: Cd 4 t h u j t ngfl tijng Vijt (11,11%), vl du;
doanh nghiip mdi gidi du lich, cd sd dgi ly bdn le du lich, v.v... Cd 02 thufit ngfl (15,38%), VI dy: tour bro/te company (cdng ty mdi giffi du lich), retail travel company (cdng ty b t o le du Iich), v.v...
6. T h u j t ngfi: c h i c o n g t y Kt h i n h Tiing Viet: Cdng ty li hdnh + T (13 thudt ngi)
Tiing Anh: r + travel agency (08 thuit ngi)
Tl - phgm vi. quy md tichic hogt ddng du lich: Cd 03 thufit ngfl tilng Vijt (23,08%), vi du: cdng ty li hdnh quic ti, cdng ty li/idnh ndi dia, v.v... Cd 02 thuit ngQ t i & g Anh (25%), vi dy: international travel agency (cdng ty lfl hfinh qud'c tj), domestic travel agency (cdng ty lfl hfinh nji dia), v.v...
T2 - dia diem hogt ddng: Cd 04 thujt ngfl t i & g Vijt (30,77%), vi du: cdng ty li hanh trin bd, cdng ty li hdnh mat dfft, v.v... Cd 03 t h u j t ngfl ti&g Anh (37,5%), vi dy: ground travel agency (cdng ty li /linh mat ddt), land travel agency (cdng ty li/iinh trin bd), v.v...
T3 - Hudng di chuyen cia /logt dgng du lich: Cd 06 thufit ngQ ti&g Vijt (46,16%), vi dy: cdng ty li hdnh di ra. cdng ty IS hdnh di vdo, v.v... Cd 03 t h u j t ngQ tilng Anh (37,5%), vl dy: inbound travel agency (cdng ty li hinh di vio), outgoing travel agency (cdng ty li hdnh gU khdch), v.v...
t(fii-ai4
LETHANHHA 7. T h u a t ngflr c h i k h a c h s a n d u l i c h
^ n g Viet: khdch san + T(7i thudt 'ngi) Tieng Anh: T-I-hotel (33 thudt ngi) Tl -thi bdc x^ hgng: Cd 06 thufit ngfl tifag Vijt (8,45%), VI dy; khdch san sang Irgng, khdch sgn binh ddn. v.v... Cd 03 Uiujt ngfl ti&g Anh (9,09%), vi dn:
luxurious hotel (khach spn sang trong) budget hotel (khach san binh dto), v.v...
T2 - dia diim iga lgc: Cd 08 thuat ngfl tilng Vljt (11,27%), vi du: khdch sgn ven dt. khdch sgn vung ndng thdn, v.v... Cd 05 thufit ngfl ti&g Anh (16,15%), vl du:
suburban hotel (khach san ngopi thanh), rural hotel (khach san ndng thdn), v.v...
T3 - chic nang, cdng dung de phuc vu J" lieh: Cd 22 thufit ngfl ti&g Viet ra.99%), vi dy: khdch sgn nghi duang, khdch sgn cing vu. khdch sgn casino, v.v...
Cd 08 t h u j t ngfl tt&g Anh (24,24%), vi dy: resort hotel (khieh san nghi dud^g), convention hotel (khach spn cdng vy),' cosino hotel (khich san sdng bac), v.v...
T4 phuang thic hogt dgng: Cd 13 tiiujt ngfl tilng Viet (18,31%), vl dy:
khdch sgn chung quyin. khdch sgn dgc ldp gudn ly. v.v... Cd 06 t h u j t ngfl t i l n g Anh (18,18%), vl dy: contlominium hotel (khich san chung quyfa), independent hotel (khach san dde Ijp q u t o 1^), v.v...
TB - dich vu cung cdp: Cd 15 thufit ngfl tijiig Vljt (21,13%), vi dy: khdch sgn dich vu ddy du. k/idch sgn cung cdp dich vu gidi trt, v.v... C6 07 thufit ngfl tilng Anh (21,21%), vi du: full- service hotel (khich san cd dich vu tiiy du), limited service hotel (khich spn cd djch vy h a n che), v.v...
re - quy mS: Cd 07 t h u j t ngfl ti&g Vijt (9,84%), vi du; khdch sgn quy md ldn, /thdch sgn qudi: ti, v.v... Cd 04 thufit ngfl ti&g Anh (12,13%), vi dy: international hotel (khich san quic tj), regioiial /totel (khich san khu vuc), v.v...
8. T h u a t ngfi c h i n h i h a n g Tiing Viit: nhd hdng + T (SS thudt ngi) Tiaig Anh: T + restaunmt (27 ttiuat ngi) Tl - cdch thiic hoat ddng: Cd 06 thujt ngQ ti&g Viet (10,91%), vl du: nha hdng dgc lap. nlii /iing phu thugc, v.v... Cd 02 t h u a t ngQ ti&g Anh (7,41%), vi du:
independent restaurant (nhj h t a g djc Ijp), dependent restaurant (nhj h t o g phy thujc), v.v...
T2 - quy md nhi hing: Cd 07 thujt ngfl tt&g Viet (12,73%), VI du: n M hdng nhd.
nhi hdng trung binh, v.v... Cd 03 thufit ngQ ti&g Anh (11,12%), vl dy: smoU restaurant (nhfi hfing nhd), medium restaurant (nhfi h t o g t n m g binh), v.v...
T3-thabdcxip hgng: (3d 08 thuat ngfl ti&g Vljt (14,65%), vl dy: nhi hing binh ddn. nhd hing sang trgng, v.v...C!d 04 thuit ngfl ti&g Anh (14,82%), vl dy: budget hotel (nha hang btoh dto), luxurious hotel (nha hfing sang trpng), v.v...
T4 - hinh thic phuc vu an uong: Cd 14 t h u j t ngfl tilng Vijt (25,45%), vi du: nhi hdng chgn mon. nhi hdng in din/i sudt, v.v... (3d 07 t h u j t ngfl ti&g Anh (25,92%), vl dy: d ta carte restaurant (nhfi h t o g chpn mdn), buffet restaurant (nhfi h t a g tfl phuc vu), v.v...
TS - kidu cdch tchibiin] cia mdn dn: Cd 09 Uiujt ngfl ti&g Vijt (16,36%), vl dy: nhd hing dnA, nhd hdng ddn tdc, v.v... Cd 05 Uiufit ngfl ti&g Anh (18,51%), vi du: Asian restaurant (nhfi htag ta A), traditional restaunmt (nhfi hfing d t o tdc), v.v...
T6-ccqihay chi thdqudn ly: Cd 11 thujt ngfl ti&g Vljt (20%), VI du: nhi hdng tu nhdn, nhi hing nhi nuic, v.v... Cd 06 thujt ngQ ti&g Anh (22,22%), vi dy: Join stock restaurant (nhfi htog d phto), private restaurant (nhfi h t a g t u n h t o ), v.v...
9. T h u a t ngu' c h i h a n g v a n c h u y i n k h a c h d u Iich
Sfll-2t»
NHiN LOC KHM HOC M HOl g J
D<5l Cffl^U M 6 H I N H DINH DANH T H U A T N G C CHJ CHCJ T H ^ DU LICH...
Tiing Vilt: Hdng van chuyin + T (20 thuit ngi)
Tiing Anh: T+ carrier (10 thudt ngi) Tl - mic do tU chu: (3d 07 thufit ngfl ti&g Vljt (35%), vi du: /idng vdn chuyin cdng edng. /tdng van chuyin liin kit. v.v...
Cd 05 thufit ngQ tilng Anh (60%), vl dy:
TiaigAnKT+rqmsentatiueiOathudtngii) K i t qua k h i o s i t t u liju eho thffy, d c t h u j t ngfl thudc md hinh nfiy cd mdt djc t n t o g tiinh danh duy nhi't, dd 14:
T- ddn oi kinh doanh du lich hogc cd nhdn uy quyin dgi diin: (3d 16 thujt ngQ ti&g Vijt, vi du: dgi diin khdch sgn, dgi v~ „„ „,.„«. uB" "HUB i u m loine;, vi oy: n e n g vidt, vi du: dai diin khdch san, dgi common carrier (htog v j n chuyfa edng diin nhd hing, dgi diin tour, dgi diin kliu cdng). corporate carrier (htog v t o chuyfa nghi dudng, dgi diin khdch du licit, v.v h t o ket), v.v... r/, nu fi,„st „„,•> *;«• A _ I . . _ - ' J . . , . ; h t o kit), v.v
T2 - quy md td chic: (3d 04 thujt ngQ ti&g Vijt (20%), vi dy: hdng van chuyin liin tiiu bang, hdng van chuyin ngi bang, hdng vgn chuyin dgi thu, v.v... C!d 02 Uiujt ngfl tt&g Anh (20%), vi dy: interstate carrier (htog vjn chuyin ndi bang), intrastate carrier ( h t a g v j n chuyin h j n ttiu bang), v.v...
T3 - die diim hogt ddng: Cd 09 thujt ngfl t i & g Vijt (46%), vi du: hdng vdn chuyin tnfl: tiip. hdng vdn chuyin gidn tiip, hdng v$n chuyin die dung, v.v... Cd 03 t h u j t ngfl tilng Anh (30%), vi dy:
direct carrier (htog vftn chuyfa true tilp), indirect carrier (hang v t a chuyin g i t o ttip), v.v...
10. T h u j t n g a c h i to' chtJc, ca n h a n dpi d i j n trOng d u lich
Tiing ViH: dgi diin *T(ie thudt ngi)
Cd 09 thufit ngfl tteng Anh, vi du: hotel representative (dpi d i j n k h i c h san).
restaurant representative (dpi tiijn nhfi htag), tour representative (dpi dijn tour), resort representative (tai dijn khu nghi dudng), tourist representative (dpi dijn k h i c h du lieh), v.v...
11. T h u i t ngfl c h i d a i ly d u lich Ti^ Viit: dgi ly/hdng +T(08 thudt ngi) Tiing Anh: T + agency (OS thu$t ngi) K i t qua khao s i t eho thffy md htoh nfiy ehi cd 01 djc trung djnh danh duy nhfi't 14 T- dgng hogt ddng kinh doanh du lich.
VI dy: 'King Vijt: dgi ly li hdnh. hdng v^n chuyin, dgi /y' bdn le du lich, hdng hdng khdng.v.v... Ti&g Anh: traml agency (dai If lfl hfinh), retail travel agency (dai ly b t o l e d u Iich), v.v...
Chung tdi t h & g ke c i c s l Uju tren thfinh bang sau:
TT
Mo h i n h d i n h d a n h t h u j t ngfl c h ! c h i t h i d u lich t r o n g t i l n g V i j t v i t i l n g A n h
Mdhtoh
Khich du lich
Dftc trung tiinh danh Djc dilm du hch Myc dich du Iich
Tilng Vijt
N d d i n du Uch Phuong tijn chuydn chd k h i c h du Uch
Xufft xfl cua khai.1, Ay^ li^i.
Co cffu doto khich du Uch Thffi gian luu trfl Tdri
So t h u j t ngfl
13 09 06 07 05 03 54 Q NHiN IOC KHOA HOC Xi HOl
T i l j % 20,37 24,07 16,67
12,96 9,26 5,56
Tilng Anh So thufit
ngQ 09 11 07 05 06 03
100 02
« I
Tiij
%
20,93 25,58 16,28 11,63 13,96 4,66 100 iiii-2n4
LETHANHHA 2
3
Nhfin vien dulich
C a n h S n quan ly du
lich 1 B d p h j n
• M p ^ r i chflc n t o g
^ ^ ^ ^ 1 trong doanh
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ nghijp du
^ ^ • h - Uch
^1 •
6
7
8
-
f Ca nhan, t^
• chute t h a m W gia kinh
doanh du lich
Cong ty la hknh
Khach san
Nhk hkng -
Cbxta nSng, nhiem vu cua
nhSn vien '•^
BO phan cong viec dUdc
phi? trach ^"^
Nhom ngittft dddc phu tracb Ngknh ngh^ kinh doanh Tdng
Lii h k n h Llfu t n i An u6hg H o t r ^ Tdng
I i n h VTic hoat dong F h a m vi, quy m6 t^ chfic hoat dong du hch Hoait ddng trung gian du lich
P h a m vi, quy m6 to chiic hoat dong du lich i)ia digm hoat dons Hutdng di chuyin cua hoait d6ng du Uch Tong
I'hii bac x^p hang i)ia diem toa lac Chute nang, c6ng d i ^ g de phuc vu du lich PhUdng thiJtc hoat d&nn Dich vu cxmg cap Quymo Tdng
Cach thOtc hoat dong Quy mo nha hang Hinh thfic phuc vu Sn u6ng Kiiu each che bien m6n fin L'ftp hay chu the quan lv rdng
02 04 13 11 16 7 47 15 10
4
03 04 06 13 06 08 22 13 16 07 06 07 14 09 11 SB _ j _
100
73,91%
8,7 17,39 27,66 23,41 34,04 14,89 100 41,67 27,78
11,11 . 100 23,08 30,77 46,15 100 8,46 11,27 30,99 18,31 21,13 9,84 10,91 12,73 14,56 25,46
SS
12 02 04 09 07 11 04 31 05 04 02 02 13 02 03 03 08 03 05 08 06 07 04 02 03 04 07 16,36 06 _ 2 0 _ _ | o 6 _ _ J00_j__^7^
100 100 66,67 11,11 22,22 100 29,04 22,58 35,48 12,9 100 38,46 30,78 15,38 15,38 100
26 37,6 37,6 100 9.09 15,15 24,24 1818 21,21 12,13 100 7,41 11,12 14,82 18,51
!2,22 100 siii-ai4
NHiN m c KHOA HOCK* HOl 0
D<5l CHlfej M 6 HiNH DINH DANH THUAT NGg CHI CHI> TH^ DULJCH...
9
10
H t o g v j n tJluyen k h i c h du
Uch
Dai dijn
J J Dai I;y/ hang 1 du Uch
Te
Mflc do ttt chii Quy m d t l chflc Dfic dilm hoat ddng Tdng
Ddn vi kinh doanh du Uch hoae e l n h t o uy quyin dai dien
T & g
Dang ho£tt ddng kinh doanh du Uch
ng cjng
07 04 9 20
16 16 08
407 1
35 20 45 100
100 100 100 100
05 02 03 10
09 09 05
237
160 20 30 100 100
100 100 Nhu vjy, moi mdt dfic diem dinh danh
bao gid cung cd mdt yeu t l hlnh thflc thi hijn nd vfi mjt thujt ngfl cd hao nhiju ylu t l sc cd bfiy nhiju thujc tinh dUOc dinh danh. Tuy nhien, dffl vdi nhflng thujt ngfl nhilu thujc tinh, neu d c thujc tinh khai quit trung nhau thi phii Iffy nhflng thudc tinh cd gii bi khu bijt cao dl dinh danh thujt ngfl. Kit qua nghijn ciiu thujt ngfl chi chu thi ho»t djng du Uch ttong tteng Vijt vi ti&g Anh cho thffy, cic djc bTlng dutjc lua chon Ifim co sd djnh danh tao thfinh hmh thai bdn bwng cua thufit ngfl du Uch tiong ca hai ngdn ngfl Vijt vfi Anh lfi nhflng djc brung bto chfi't, cd gia b^ khu bijt cao trong Enh vile du ljch. Dffi vdi cac thujt ngQ chi ehu Uil ttong hoat djng du ljch, nhQng djc trung ca bto nhfi't duoc hai ngdn ngQ lua chon nhilu han ca lfi: die dilm, nd din, phuang ttjn, Bnh vuc hoat d?ng, quy md hoat ddng, Unh chit cdng vijc. Mjc dfl thujt ngQ du Iich ttxing tt&g Vijt vfi ti&g Anh thujc hai Ioai hinh ngdn ngfl khic nhau, chiu sU chi phli hdi hai nin Vta hda khie nhau, nhung chtog 1^
ed nhflng dilm gidiig nhau vl dfic trung dU9c lua chon lfim ca sd dinh danh lfi do Unh qudb ticua Uiufit ngfl quy dinh Tinh qujb tj d dly khdng chl a l hito a ngom
di& ma trong ca ndi ham cua thujt ngfl.
133 NHiN LOC KHOA HOC x i HOl
TAI LIEU THAM K H A O 1. Nguyen Vta Dinh (chu bi&), Gioi thich thu$t ngi du lich vi khdch sgn; Difl hoc Kmh t l qud'c din, Hfi Nji, 2001.
2. Nguyin Thi Bich Hfi (2004), Bdc diim cdu tgo thu0 ngi thuang mgi Nhit Viit, Nxb. Khoa hoe xa hji, Hfi Nji.
3. LJ Khi Kl (1984), Chudn hda thuit ngi khoa hgc tiing Viit, Chudn hda chinh td vi thuit ngi Nxb. Gilo dye, Hfi Nji.
4. Lj Khi K l (199T), Ti diin Anh - Vilt, Nxb. Khoa hoe xa hdi.
5. Nguyin Dflc Tin (2010), Bgc triing vin hoa d&n tic cia ngdn ngi vi tu duy, Nxb Ttt diln Bich khoa. Hi Nji.
6. Tfl diln ti&g Vijt (1988), Hofing PhJ chu biJn, Nxb. Khoa hoc xa hji, 1988, tii bto n&m 1992,1994.
7. Bfli Thanh Thfly (2009), Gido trinh Nghiip vu Huing ddn du lich, Nxb. D»i hoc Quic gia, Hfi Nji.
S. Nguyin Nhu t , chu biJn (1996), TU didn gidi thich thuiit ngi ngdn ngi hgc, Nxb. Giao dye, Hfi Ndi.
9. Ch. J. Filmore (1983), Cai mdi tmng ngdn ngi hgc d nudc ngodi. Ban tting Nga, tfip XrV, Nxb. 'nin bj.
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