Doi dieu suy nghT ve viec doi moii ptiiTofng phap day

s o 7-2011

33

Doi dieu suy nghT ve viec doi moii ptiiTofng phap day - hpc Van cr trirdng THCS

(THl/C HIEN CHU TRaONG DOI M 6 I P H U O N G PHAP DAY HOC C O A BO GD VA DT T L / N A M HOC 2009 2010 DEN NAY)

BUI ViNH

T R U C I N G

GIANG

Trudng THCS Cam Hoa, Cam Xuyen, Ha TTnh

I. TAM QUAN TRQNG CUA DOI MCil PHUClNG PHAP DAY -HQC

Doi mdi phUdng phap day - hpc NgQ van d tradng THCS CO y nghTa thdi sir ndng ho'i, ludn thu hut sii quan tam ciia nhieu nganh, nhieu gidi trong xa hpi. Trong nhOng nam gan day, ddi mdi phUdng phap giang day va kiem tra danh gid la mpt trong nhOng yeu cau cap thiet ddi vdi nganh giao diJC dao t^o, muc dich de khong ngQng nang cao chat lupng giao dgc va dao tao. Dieu nay dUdc the hi^n qua cde van bdn quan trpng cua Dang, Nha nude, qua Nghj quyd't Hpl nghj lan thuf II Ban chap hanh TW Dkng Khod VIII; dUpc eg the hda trong Luat Giao dgc...

D^c bi^t dd'i vdi b$ mon NgC? vdn - mdn hpc khdng chi

bdi dap kien thiJc cho hpc sinh, ma cdn thap sang, khdi day trong tam hdn cac em niem dam me, hao hijfc dUpc kham pha; nhOng rung cam trong sang, cao quy de biet sdng dep, sdng cd y nghTa, hoan thien nhan each vUdn tdi "Chan -Thien - MT'bd'i "Van hoe la nhan hod' (Mac - xim - gorki). Chinh vi tam quan trpng nhu vay, nen hdn bao gid het nhOng ngUdi cam phan phai tim tdi ddi mdi phUdng phap day hpc, de tim dUdc con dUdng ngdn nhat den vdi tn tue va tam hdn hpc sinh. Ddi mdi phUdng phap day - hpc chinh la cdeh de truyen lUa cho eae em, ngan chan tinh trang hpe sinh thd d, lanh dam ddi vdi mdn NgOf van trong nha trudng hien nay. Day cung ehinh la eau hoi nhUe nhdi, sg trdn trd day dUt, tim tdi eua

Ummmmjm _{1 ^}

^2«SS,.„ f i i r u i f

S67-2011 Dgife^Hai:

nhOng thay giao day van cd lUdng tam, trach nhiem.

II. THUC TRANG DOI

M 6 | P H U O N G

PHAP DAY- HOC d TRUdNG THCS:

Ddi mdi chUdng trinh va SGK ddi hoi phai dUdC trien khai ddng bp ca ve phUdng phap day- hpc l l n kiem tra danh gid.

ChUdng trinh NgO van THCS dUdc xay dUng theo tinh than tich hdp. Cac van ban dUdc Iga chpn theo tieu chi kieu van ban va tUdng Ung vdi kieu van ban la the loai tdc pham chU khdng phai la su lUa chpn theo Ijch sCf van hoc ve npi dung. ChUdng trinh ddi hoi ngoai yeu cau ve tfnh khoa hpc, su pham, tu ludng, tham mT phu: hdp vdi tam ll lUa tudi cdn cd npi dung mang tfnh cap nhat, gan ket vdi ddi sdng, dua hpc sinh trd lai nhOtng van de quen thupc, gan gui cuoc sdng thudng ngay...

Hien nay, mot bp phan khdng nhd hpc sinh it hao hUc, say me, tim tdi vdi cac bp mon khoa hpc xa hpi ndi chung va mon NgO van ndi rieng, chat lUdng hpc van ed chieu hudng giam sut. Do vay, trude thUc trang ddng budn do, cang ddi hoi ngUdi giao vien, dac biet la gido vien day NgO van, phai tao dUde cho hpc sinh sU rung dpng ve tam hdn va niem hUng pha'n trong hpc tap. Dieu nay chi lam dude bang ddi mdi phUdng phdp day - hoc.

Cd the ndi, ddi mdi PPDH la khau then chdt de giai quyet bai todn chat lUdng gido dgc va dao tao hien nay. ^

Thgc te cho thay, giao vien cdn lung tung trong viec lam cho hpc sinh hpc tap dung vdi yeu cau. Trinh trgng nay da lam cho chat lUdng, hieu qua cua gid hpe Van chua ddp Ung dUdc yeu cau nhu mong mudn. Trong mpt thdi gian dai, thay cd giao tuy cd cd gang ddi mdi PPDH nhung v i n cdn nhieu lung tung ddn den hieu qua chua cao. Sau mpt thdi gian thUc hien ddi mdi PPDH, true tiep giang day, du gid tham Idp ciia ddng nghiep, giam khao cde ki thi giao vien gioi, ehi dao hogt dpng chuyen mdn d ed s6, nhdn tha'y viec nay cdn nhieu khd khan: ddi mdi phUdng phdp v I p cdn ndng vdi eae phUdng phdp day hpe eu nhu truyen thg mdt chieu, lung tung trong viec phdi hdp hudng d i n hpc sinh vUa nghe giang vUa ghi bai;

trong viec Ong dung CNTT mdy mde, qud lam dgng hoac han che. Nhin chung gido vien edn phg thupc SGK, sdeh tham khao mpt each mdy mdc, cUng nhae bj dpng. Day eung la nhOng khd khan, rao can Idn khien mot bp phan gido vien ehUa bat nhjp dUde ddi mdi PPDH.

Trude thUe trang dd, bp phdn chuyen mdn cua phdng GD&DT Ca'm Xuyen (Ha TTnh); td chuyen mdn ciia nha trudng da td chUc bao cdo nhieu chuyen de chuyen sau thanh cdng, giup gido vien thdo gd phan nao vudng mac khd khan trong qua trinh thuc hien ddi mdi PPDH va budc dau da mang lai hieu qua...Tuy nhien viec ddi mdi phUdng phdp day - hpe nhin chung giao vien dp dgng cdn cham, hieu qua ehUa cao. Rieng tdi, la ngUdi true tiep dOng Idp, vOa la ngUdi true tiep chf dao chuyen mdn d trudng THCS, tdi da manh dan di dau trong viee Ddi mdi phUdng phap day hpe theo tinh than ehi dao ciia Bd GD&DT.

III. QUA TRJNH THI^C HIEN DOI Mdi PPDH DOI VOil BAN THAN VA MOT SO KET QUA DAT DUOC:

1. Qua trinh thiTc hi#n doi mdi phUdng phap day - hpc:

La ngudi trUc tiep giang day bd mdn NgO van d trudng THCS, ban than ludn nhan thUc dUdc viec ddi mdi PPDH la het sUc can thiet, la con dudng ngan nha't mang lai hieu qua cao trong day - hpc. TO nhOng thanh cdng va that bai vdi nhOng trai nghiem cua mot ngUdi dang dUng tren bgc giang, toi nhan th^y, de chuyen tU day hoc theo kieu truyen thu mot chieu sang dgy hpc tich cUc, giao vien can lam tdt mpt sd cdng viec sau:

TrUdc het phai nam chac ede phUdng phdp day - hpc cde phan eua ngO van: Dpc hieu van ban, Tieng Viet, Tap lam van de phdt huy dUdc tinh tich cUe chu dpng sdng tao cua hpc sinh.

- V a n dgng linh hoat cac mat tfch cue trong bien phap truyen thdng (thuyet trinh, dam thoai, trUc quan,...); manh dan dp dung cac xu hudng day hpc hien dai (giai quyet van de; day hpc hdp tac theo nhdm nho )

Ufng dung CNTT vao giang day mpt cdeh hdp If.

Rieng viee trinh chieu PowerPoint nen xem nhu la mot bang phu ho trd eho bai giang, bang den phan trang vin la chu edng.

- Van dgng sdeh gido khoa that sdt hdp vdi tUng ddi tupng hpc sinh, lua chpn nhOng kien thOc can thiet de day bam sat Chuan kien thOc da ban hanh. Viec "day het sach giao khoa" gay su qua tai, nang ne, khdng phdt huy dUdc ti'nh chu ddng sdng tgo ciia hpc sinh.

Tran trd tim hUdng khai thdc, hudng di ciia tUng bai day mpt cdeh linh hosit, sdng tao, h0p If; manh dan ddi mdi, khdng dgy rap khudn theo SGK, SGV ma xem day chi la nhOng tai lieu de tham khao.

Tang eudng, chu trong ren luyen cho hpc sinh l<T nang lam bai, trinh bay bai lam mdt each logic, khoa hpc va chat che. Qua dd hpe sinh dan hinh thanh thdi quen suy nghT nghiem tuc, can than va tae phong lam viec khoa hpc.

Thudng xuyen suy nghT, tim ra nhieu de va ddp an

"md" de khdi ggii va phdt huy dupe tinh sdng tao cua hpc sinh. Xem de "md" la manh dat de Udm mam hat gidng tinh yeu, nang khieu van chUdng; la thude do ndng igc, trinh dp, tu duy sdng tgo, kT nang lam bai ciia cac em;

gat bo cdeh hpc, each ra de cd tinh "truyen thdng", ddn dieu, theo kieu "thay dpc, trd chep", hpc thupc tai lieu..

Coi trpng cdng tdc tu hpc ciia ban than va hudng d i n cho HS phUdng phap tu hpc, tu trau ddi kien thufc mdt cdeh chu dpng va biet tu tim lai nhOng kien thUe da quen; ddng thdi tich cUc trong cde hoat dpng chuyen mdn nhu lam cac chuyen de ve PPDH mon NgO van; viet bai de dang tai tren cac tap chf nhu The gidi trong ta, Day va Hpc ngay nay, trang thdng tin dien tuf ciia phdng GD&DT&DT Cam Xuyen, TrUdng Dai hpc Ha TTnh va tap san Giao dgc cua Sd GD&DT&DT Ha TTnh; hang nam deu cd SKKN dat bae 4 ca'p tfnh.

Hudng cho hpc sinh trau ddi, ren luyen tfnh nang dpng manh dan, tu tin va kha nang thuyet trinh van de trude tap the qua mpt sd de Tap lam van. Tdi ludn dpng vien, khuyen khfch HS ndi len nhOng y kien ciia minh de tao nen mdi trUdng gan gui than thien, Ngudi gido vien khdng dUdc dp ddt cdeh hieu mpt chieu ma phai thuc si/

tdn trpng ehinh kien eua cac em. ddng thdi hudng dan hpc sinh phai tu biet ddnh gia chiah minh va ddnh gid

^^»<H^S67-2011 35

ban.

- Ban than da manh dan Ddi mdi each kiem tra ddnh gid ket qua hpc tap cua HS bang each dat nhOng cau hdi nang yeu eau ve tfnh sdng tao chO khdng chi Id nang lUc tai hien. Dd la nhOng cau hdi neu va'n de, tao tinh hudng, dUa ra cde gia thuyet, "de md"...de khdi day tu duy doe ldp, sdng tao, niem hdo hUc say me tim tdi e£ia hpc sinh.

2. Tir sU CO gang ddi mdi do, toi da thu nh|n dUdc m$t sd ket qui budc dau nhU sau:

- Hpc sinh da ed y thUe dau tu cho viec hpc mdn NgO vdn hdn; nhieu em da cd sU say me, hUng thd, tim tdi.

- Chat lupng dai tra eung nhU mui nhpn khdng ngOng dupe cai thien, sd hpe sinh gioi hang nam dUdc nang len khd rd ret.

Nhieu ndm lien la gido vien gidi cde cap, cd nhieu SKKN dat b|c 4/4 eCia Sd GD&DT&DT; tinh den nay da cd gan 30 bai viet dUdc dang tai tren cde tap chf va trang thdng tin dien tO ciia nganh, nhieu trudng...deu dupe nhan rdng vd dp dgng khd rpng rai tren dia ban huyen Cam Xuyen (Ha TTnh), (dac biet la nhOng kinh nghiem trong day ede vdn ban Nhdt dgng d trudng THCS).

IV. KE HOACH TRONG THdl GIAN TOll CUA BAN THAN:

Tiep tge trien khai va nhan rpng nhOng kinh nghiem trong ddi mdi phUdng phdp day hpe ma ban than tdi da thgc hien.

Trong qua trinh giang day cung nhu tham Idp dU gid,' eh? dao chuydn mdn, tdi thudng xuyen bdm sdt, quan sdt kThdnh vi, thdi dp hpc tap bp mdn ciia hpc sinh de cd sg d i l u chfnh trong kiem tra ddnh gid n h i m khdi ddy niem hOng thu hpc tdp eua ede em hpe sinh. Chf dao GV ddi mdi PPDH NgO van tren cd sd vdn dgng thdt linh hoat sdng tao bdn PPDH Van vd kieu Day hpc neu va'n de (dpc sdng tao; tdi hi#n; gdi tim; nghien eOu + neu vd giai quydt vlin dd).

Trong nam hpc nay va nam hpc tdi; vdi tU edeh vOa Id ngudi trUc tiep giang dgy vUa Id ngudi chf dao chuyen mdn 6 cd sd, eUng vdi Td XH ciia trudng xay dUng ede chuyen de trong sinh hoat chuyen mdn:

+ Day Van ban nhat dgng mpt each hieu qua.

+ Day NgO vdn dja phUdng trong dieu kien hien nay (HS khdng cd sdeh...). Phan nay cd the mdi gido vien trudng ban c#n ke ddn tham gia.

HUdng d i n ddng nghiep ra de "md" vd tham khao ket qua bdi lam eiia HS trUdng ban ddng tren Tap chf Vdn hpc & Tudi tre (giao cho mpt ddng ehi tap hpp, nghien eUu vd bdo cdo, thao ludn nhU mdt chuyen de).

Phdt ddng trong td chuyen mdn ti'ch luy cde tu lieu, bdng dTa phgc vg cho viec day-hpc NgO vdn (Phdng sg truyen hinh ve Ddng Phong Nha, Chua HUdng Ngdn Hdng, Ve Nga ba Ddng Ldc, ve nan pha rOng vd tran 10 Ijch sO vUa qua... de day bai kf cua Tran Ddc Tuc - Idp 8...).

Kiem tra viec HS ehua'n bj bai d nha sao eho cd tac dgng.

True tiep ra de vd chf dao giao vien trude khi ra de kiem tra phai bdm sdt cde yeu eau eua chUdng trinh theo Chuan kien thdc kT ndng; khi ra de kiem tra ddnh gia ket qud hpe tdp, phdi ra dd trdnh eho hpc sinh hpc thuOc ma phdi Id vdn dgng tri thOe tich hpp, ra de "md", ed tfnh lien

ddi de khai thdc kien thOc hoac lam ro nhdn dinh nao do nham khdi day tu duy ddc lap sdng tao ciia hpe sinh.

Khong rap khudn mdy mde ma phai van dgng sdt thUe te eua tUng Idp, tOng khdi cho phu hpp vdi ddi tupng hpc sinh.

- Ban thdn tdi da dang va se phd phien rpng rdi nhOng chuyen de ve bp mon NgO van, ddc biet Id nhOng kinh nghiem trong day hpc Van ban Nhdt dgng cCia minh dd thgc hien trong may ndm qua eho gido vien - ddng nghiep trong huyen tham khao van dgng va dUdc ddng dao ddng nghiep ddng tinh ling hd eao.

Tiep tge viet bdi trao ddi ve nhOng kinh nghiem trong Doi mdi phUdng phdp day - hpe va kiem tra ddnh gid; chf dao va true tiep bien soan ngdn hang de kiem tra theo hudng ddi mdi de ed sU ehu dpng trong kiem tra, danh gid ket qua hpc tap cua hpc sinh.

V. MOT S 6 KIEN NGH!, DE XUAT:

TU kinh nghiem giang day vd thUe hien ddi mdi phUdng phap day hpc d cd sd tdi xin de xuat:

* Vdi giao vien:

+ Can y thOe day du hdn ve vai trd cua khdu ddi mdi PhUdng phdp day hpc. ThUdng xuyen tran trd, tim tdi vd sdng tao de cd nhOng hudng di mdi va hay dung tinh than ddi mdi phUdng phdp day hpe.

+ Khi ra de kiem tra phai bao qudt dupe ehUdng trinh, phan trpng tdm, rai deu kien thOc kT ndng, sdt ddi tUpng khdi Idp va tang eudng dang de hudng md nham khdi ddy tu duy ddc lap sdng tao cCia hpc sinh.

+ Cling vdi ddi mdi chUdng trinh, sdeh gido khoa hi^n nay, gido vien can thgc hien sdng tao viec ddi mdi phUdng phdp day hpc, de eao vai trd eua nhd trudng, td nhdm chuyen mdn, ddc biet coi trpng tdi ngh$ ciia tOng gido vien.

* Vdi cac cap qudn If giao di^c:

+ Dau tu, hodn thien ed sd vdt cha't, phUdng tien cho day hpc hien dai... Id mpt trong nhOng yeu td quan trpng giup ddi mdi PPDH thanh cdng.

+ Day manh, tdng cUdng cdng tde bdi dUdng dpi ngu edn bp, gido vien de ddi mdi PPDH cd hieu qua.

+ Td chUc tap huan cho giao vien khai thdc cde ngudn tu lieu giao dgc md, tren internet; trien khai cde phan mem day hpe nhU: powerpoint, Violet de gido vien sO dgng soan gido dn dien tO thdnh thao trong gidng day...

+ Td chOc nhieu hoat dpng trao ddi chuyen mdn nghiep vg cap phdng, lien trudng de hoat dpng ddi mdi PPDH dupe d i l n ra thudng xuyen, cd hi$u qua vd nhan rpng dien hinh.

+ Tdng cUdng cde hoat dpng ngoai khod va gido dgc Idng ghep, nham mgc dfeh gdp phan ndng cao chat lUdng gido dgc vd ren luyen toan dien eho HS.

+ Can td ehOc nhOng hpl thao ve Doi mdi phUdng phdp day - hpe, van de kiem tra - ddnh gid ket qua hpe tap cua hpe sinh.

+ Thanh lap ngan hang de theo tinh than ddi mdi phUdng phap, de "md" de hang nam eho gido vien tham khdo va sO dgng. Tang eUdng ra de "md" trong cde eude thi, ddc biet la thi hpc sinh gidi cde cap.

Tren day la mpt kinh nghiem nho ciia mpt ngudi trgc tiep giang day vd chf dao chuyen mdn d ed sd ve phUdng phdp day hpc Vdnmong mudn dupe se chia trao ddi.