Tsxa^E3ES!Mmm
Doi mdi viec xay dUng Chuan Giao due pho thong d nirdc ta /
DdTllWOAT*
Trong tien trinh ddi mdi giao due noi chung va ddi mdi giao due phd thong noi rieng theo hiidng ehudn hoa, hien dai hoa, xa hgi hoa, dan chu hoa va hgi nhap quoc te, viec xay diing Chuan Giao due pho thong la mgt khau then choi. Do cung chinh lit cd sd khoa hgc cho viec ddi mdi chiidng tiinh sach giao khoa giao due phd thdng giai doan sau nam 2015 d Viet Nam.
SUcan thiet p h i i xay diAig Chuan Giao due pho thong Nghi quyet Hdi nghi Trung Udng 8 khda XI (Nghi quyet sd' 29-NQ/TW), xac dinh, mdt trong nhflng giai phap ddi mdi can ban, toan dien giao due vd ddo tao la, tren cd sd mue tieu dd'i mdi gido due va dao tao, can xdc dinh rd vd cdng khai muc tidu, c h u ^ d i u ra cua tiing bdc hpe, mdn hpc, chUdng trinh, ngdnh va chuyen ngdnh ddo tao, eoi dd la can cfl gidm sat, ddnh gid chat Ifldng giao due, dao tao. De xdc dinh chuan dau ra eua gido due phd thflng (GDPT) ndi chung, eua tiing bac hpc, mdn hpc ndi ridng, trfldc h i t phai b^t d i u tfl viec cu the hda eae ydu cau v l ph^m chd't va ndng lfle ma hpe sinh (HS) can va ed the dat dfldc khi hp rdi nha trudng pho thdng.
Xdy dung c h u l n d i u r a cua GDPT la xu t h i dUdc n h i l u nUdc trdn the' gidi thUc hien.
Thflc tidn Viet Nam da chi r a rang, phai xdy dung Chuan GDPT trudc khi tien h a n h xdy dflng chfldng trinh GDPT.
Nhfl vdy, viec xdy dung C h u l n GDPT la mpt khau then chd't trong tien t r i n h doi mdi chfldng trinh sdch giao khoa giao due pho thdng giai doan sau 2015 d'^^dt Nam.
Quan niem, vai t r o , vi t r i , chuTc nang cua Chuan Giao duephothong
Chuan GDPT dUdc hieu la sU eu the hda muc tieu GDPT, la k i t qua d i u ra. Dd la sU cu the hda nhflng pham ehdi va nang Iflc ca n h d n (md hinh n h a n each) ma xa hpi va n h a trudng mong mudii hinh thanh
va phat trien d ngUdi hpc thdng qua qua t n n h giao due.
Vide xac dinh C h u l n GDPT ddi hdi phai lunh dung dUdc
"chan dung" mdt HS khi rdi n h a trUdng pho thdng. Dd chinh la nhflng con ngfldi p h a t trien h a i hda v l nhdn each tren n i n tang sd hiiu mdt he thflng tri thflc, ky ndng tfldng doi hodn chinh d trinh dp pho thdng, gdn ke't chat che vdi viec hinh t h a n h vd p h a t trien nhflng n a n g lfle chung va n a n g lUc chuyen bidt de hp vfla trd t h d n h nhflng cdng dan hflu ich eho xd hdi, vfla cd t h e t i l p tuc phat trien trong tUdng lai.
Thuat ngfl "Chuan GDPT"
(school education standard)
* PGS, TS, Vien Khoa hoc Giao due Vilt Nam
S690| (6-2014)1
' T I E U DIEM: G 6 P PHAN DOI M()l CAN BAN, TOAN DifN BA£ HOC P H 6 THONG HlfN NAY
khdng dUdc sfl dung mdt each thfldng xuyen trong cdc tai lieu cua cdc nUdc. Thdng thudng, d l b i l u dat "yeu cau v l k i t qua c i n dat cua HS", ngUdi ta sfl dung cae thudt ngfl k h a c n h a u . Vi du,
"outcomes iearning^standarcis"
( c h u l n ket qua d i u ra),
"performance standard"
(chuln thflc hidn), "attainment targets" (chuln thanh tich), h a y "cmaHdapm oduteao oSpasoeaHua " (Chuan GDPT).
Chuan d i u r a la cae yeu c l u mong mud'n v l nhflng gi ngfldi hpc ndn biet, hieu va cd t h i lam dUdc tai cudi mdt giai doan gido due (thudng cuoi cd'p hpc). C h u l n ndi dung la yflu cau mong mud'n v l cdc ndi dung (kid'n thflc, ky n a n g n h a n thflc) giao due. Chuan t h a n h tich Id sU cu the hda c h u l n ndi dung thanh cae mflc dd khae nhau (thd'p de'n cao).
Chudn nay dUdc sfl dung dd xdc dinh cha't lUdng va thanh tich HS d cdc ed!p dp ndng luc khac nhau (benchmark) trong mdn hoc; xdc dinh HS phai chflng minh the' nao de c6 t h i thay sU tien bd cua minh. Van d l khdng phai la sii dung thudt ngfl nao ma quan trpng la xac dinh vd thdng nhd't npi h a m d l t r a n h viec cac chuyen gia ddi khi c6 quan nidm vd sfl dung cac t h u d t ngfl khac n h a u . Chuan GDPT khflng chi phan a n h dUdc nhiing ydu clu, mong mufl'n cua quoc gia, cua gia (finh vd xa hdi ma cdn 10 I Sd901 (6-2014)
Hoisinh pho thong tiong gid tin hoc tai Trung tamGiaoducky thuat tonghqiihu'cmgnghiepH^iniang
phai the hien nhu clu, nguydn vpng cua ca nhdn ngUdi hpc.
Chuan GDPT la cd sd xac dinh ndi dung tdi thieu bdt budc cua chUdng trinh GDPT;
ehudn hda "tai hpe", thdi gian hpc tieu chuan, bao dam t i n h vfla sflc cua tai lidu hpe tap;
soan thao chfldng t r i n h cac cd'p hpc tfl t i l u hpc d i n t r u n g hpc phd thdng, soan thao chUdng t r i n h cac mdn hpc;
xdc dinh yeu c l u cd b a n ve dilu kidn bao dam qua trinh
giao due (cd sd vdt chdt, phUdng tidn day hpe, ddi ngu can bd, giao vien...); bao dam t i n h thd'ng nha't trong todn qudc, d6ng thdi cd t i n h din dac diem cua tflng vung, m i l n , trong d i l u kien da dang hoa cac k i l u h i n h trfldng Idp;
xay dung ed sd d a n h gia kS^t qua hpc tdp cua HS vd ddnh gia ke't qua lao ddng cua gido vien dfla t r e n ket q u a hpc tdp cua HS ddi chieu vdi Chuan;
danh gia khdch q u a n trinh dfi
LffTiMJ^tWIIJBWJll.ljm'l
gido due, ddo tao eua cdc cd sd giao due.
Hai giai doan cai each giao due nam 1950 vd ndm 1956 d nudc t a d i u ehua neu khai niem v l "chuln". Sau n a m 1975, muc tieu cua cac cd'p hpc dUdc chu y cu t h i hda va diln dat dfldi dang eae yeu cau v l ki^n thvtc, ky nang va thai dd cho 5 ndi dung: t h e gidi quan, t u tudng, chinh tri, phap ludt, dao dflc va cfl xit;
van hda, khoa hpc; lao dpng,
ky t h u d t td'ng hdp, hfldng nghidp (rieng vdi cdp HI cd bd' sung c h u l n hi n g h i vd day nghi); the ch^t, ve sinh, qu«;
phdng; t h i m my.
Tfl nam 2006, Chuan k i l n thflc, ky ndng dUdc chinh thflc dfla t h a n h mdt bd phan cua chUdng t r i n h GDPT hien hanh. Chuin kien thde, ky nang va yeu ciu ve thai do trong chUdng t r i n h GDPT hidn hdnh dfldc h i i u la "eae yeu c l u cd ban, tdi thieu v l
kien thfle, ky nang cua mdn hpc, hoat ddng giao due ma HS c i n phai vd cd t h e dat dfldc".
Trong chUdng trinh cua mdi cap hpc, Chudn kid'n thflc, ky nang va ydu c l u v l t h a i dp dUdc cu t h i hda d eac chu d l cua mdn hpc theo tiing Idp va cae linh vUe hpc tap. Yeu c l u v l thai dp dfldc xac dinh cho ca cd'p hpc. Nhdn thflc ve chudn dUde sang td dan trong ca mpt qua trinh dai, tfl quan niem c h u l n nhfl Id nhflng yeu c l u chung khi xdy dUng va phdt t r i l n chUdng trinh cho den cdch h i i u xay dung chuan la su cu t h i hda hodc tieu chi hda muc tidu, hoac chuan la kie'n thflc ky nang va thai dp dm vdi tflng mdn hpc va boat ddng cua hpc sinh.
Boi canh va djnh hifdng doi mdi chuong trmh, sach giao ichoa giao due pho thong sau nam 2015
Giao due phd thdng d nfldc ta trong tfldng lai e i n va phai la mpt he thong gido due md va la n i n tang cua giao due sudt ddi, phue vu ddc lUc eho yeu c l u phdt t r i l n b i n vflng.
Mfl hinh flng thi hien nay se thay bang mfl hinh "lam phat trien hodn toan nhiing nang lfle (NL) sdn cd eua cdc em".
Yl vdy, theo tinh t h i n cua Dfl thao D l an "Xay dung chiiOng trinh, sach giao khoa GDPT sau nam 2015", theo dinh hudng phat trien pham chat Sd90 (6-2014) I n
IriEUDIEIVt: G 6 P PHAN D 6 | IVldll CAimNJOANDlf NBAiC HpC PH6THdNG Hl|l4 NAY]
va NL ngudi hoc, nghia la tap trung vdo xdy diing va hodn thien nhdn cdch con ngUdi Viet Nam dap flng yeu c l u hpi nhdp va phdt trien cua dd't nUdc trong dilu kidn n i n kinh td' thi trudng dinh hudng xa hdi chu ngMa. Giao due co sfl mang ren dflc cae t h i he vd dd'i mdi ca ddn tde (ndng cao ddn tri, ddo tao nhan lUc, boi dudng nhdn tdi), dong thdi phdt trien nhdn each cho mdi cd nhan, lUu gifl va lam giau ban sdc dan tpc trong cdc t h i he tiep ndi.
Mue tieu GDPT la dao tao r a nhflng t h a n h nien phdt trien hai hda v l t h i chat va tinh than; cd pham cha't va NL theo c h u l n mflc v l gia tri cua xa hdi, trong do nhflng pham cha't, gia tri c i n nhd^n manh la: nhdn di, trung thUc va t u chu; trpng danh dU, pham gid cua minh vd cua ngUdi khac; cd trdch nhidm vd tu giac thUc hien bdn phan doi vdi gia dinh, tap thip cpng ddng va d^t nUdc. Nhiing NL can nhd'n manh la: cac NL chung can thid't trong cuoc sdhg (sang tao, hdp tac, t u hpc, phdt hien va giai quyet vdn dl,...) vd cac NL chuyen bidt (lien quan chat che vdi cac linh vflc hpe tdp). Cac p h l m eha't va NL tren can dUdc hinh thdnh vd phdt trien tren n i n tang kid'n thflc, ky nang phd' thdng cd ban bao dam cho sfl phat t r i l n hoan toan nhiing tilm ndng sdn ed 12 I S6901(6-2014)
cua mdi ea nhdn; lam can cfl cho viec Ifla chpn n g h i nghiep.
Vdi giao due tieu hgc: Muc tidu dao tao la HS dfldc phdt trien hai hda v l t h i cha't vd tinh t h i n ; cd t h a i dp vd ky nang flng xfl phfl hdp vdi vi t h i 6 gia dinh, n h a trudng va trong cdng dong xa hpi; biet phan bidt h a n h ddng dung, sai; that tha, thdn ai va manh dan trong giao tie'p; dUdc phdt t r i l n v l NL nghe, ndi, dpc, vidt va tinh todn d l cd t h i flng dung thdnh thao trong sinh hoat hdng ngay; c6 nhflng h i i u bid't b a n d i u v l con ngudi, xd hpi va tU nhien;
budc d i u biit each tfl hpc; bidt gifl gin vd sinh va ren luyen t h a n the; lam quen vdi lao ddng va yeu thich lao dpng;
budc d i u dUdc p h d t t r i e n nhflng tiem nang san co.
V& giao due trung hge cd sd:
HS t i l p tuc dUdc phat t r i l n hdi hda ve t h i chd't va tinh than tren cd sd duy tri va cung cd' cac pham chat va NL da hinh thanh ci cd'p t i l u hpc, cd dflc tinh nhdn ai, t r u n g thflc va t u chu; b i i t trpng danh dfl, phdm gia cua minh va cua ngfldi khac; cd y thflc traeh nhidm va t u giac thuc hidn bd'n phdn doi vdi gia (finh, tdp the, edng dong va da't nude theo yeu c l u phfl hdp vdi Ifla tuoi; c6 he thd'ng k i l n thfle phd thdng cd ban tfldng doi hoan chinh c i n t h i l t cho mdi ngfldi sd'ng trong xa hdi hien dai; cd eac ky ndng giao tie'p, hpc tap.
lao ddng va flng dung dU(jc trong cudc song hdng ngay; c6 nhiing hieu b i i t ban dau vl kj t h u a t va hfldng nghiep; budc d i u phat t r i l n eac ndng khilu va sd thich rieng. |
Vdi giao due THFT. HS tilp tuc dUdc phat t r i l n hdi hoa ve t h i chat va tinh t h i n tren cfl sd duy tri vd cung co eac ph^m chlCt va NL dd hinh thanh b THCS; la nhflng thanh nien co pham c h i t vd NL theo chuln j mflc v l gia tri cua xa hoi; co I dflc tinh n h a n ai, trung thitc va tfl chu; biet trpng danh dii, I p h l m gid cua minh vd ciia ngfldi khde; cd trach nhidm va tfl giac thflc hidn bon phdn doi vdi gia ^ n h , tdp t h i , cpng I d i n g va ddi nfldc; c6 hd tho'ng I k i l n thflc phd thflng cd ban dfldc dinh hudng theo linh vUc ' nghe nghidp phfl hdp vdi nang I khie'u va sd thich ma HS tii chpn; dUdc phat t r i l n cac ky nang chu yeu de tilp tuc hgc ldn hodc bUdc vao eudc sfi'ng lao dpng; dupe phdt trien tSi da nhiing t i l m nang sdn c6.
Cac linh vUc hoc tap trong chuomg trinh giao due pho thong Viet Nam sau nam 2015
Mdt trong cdc cau hdi c6^t ldi dat r a la day cai gi trong n h a t r u d n g phd thdng, hay ndi khae di la can xac dinh ndi dung hpc vd'n phd' thdng?
Cd t h i noi, ddy la vd'n de quan trpng h a n g d i u khi xdy dung chUdng t r i n h GDPT. D^
xdc (£nh ndi dung day hpe nfa
TSX^SIOESm^
ehung hay ndi dung day hpc cdc mon hpc cu t h e trong ehUdng t r i n h GDPT n6i ridng, can ed nhflng nghien cflu nghiem tuc, cd tinh dd'n d i l u kidn cu t h i v l van hda, xa hdi va dac d i l m cua HS Viet Nam.
De dfla r a phfldng an xay dung nfli dung day hpc cho nha trudng phd thong theo hudng tie'p cdn NL, c i n xem xet cu t h e nhflng dac diem cua mdi yd'u to' eua ndi dung day hpc. Trfldc ddy, lUa chpn ndi dung day hpc cho n h a trudng phd thflng chu trpng nhieu hdn de'n he tho'ng cae tri thflc. Theo quan dilm t i l p cdn NL, vide lua chpn he tho'ng tri thflc, ky nang dUa vao ndi dung day hpc trong n h a trUdng phd thdng phai xua't phat tfl cd'u true cua cac NL dinh hinh va phat trien d HS va cai dich cud'i cung la phai hinh t h a n h dfldc cdc NL nay d cac em.
D l xac dinh ndi dung hpc vd'n phd thdng e i n xud't phat tfl vfl'n t r i thflc van hda - xa hdi (kinh nghiem xa hdi cua n h d n loai), cdn efl muc tieu giao due va hd thd'ng quan diem sU pham, xua't phat tfl cd'u true ciia cae NL can hinh t h a n h va p h a t t r i l n d HS.
Tren cd sd d6, t i l n hdnh tinh tddn, chpn Ifla, xii ly sU pham de dua vdo n h a trfldng phd thong, thflng qua mdt he thd'ng eac linh vUc hpc tdp mon hpc vd boat ddng giao
due. Tiln trinh va nhiing yeu eau nay dUdc phan anh trong Chuan GDPT, bdi le d l xdy dung C h u l n GDPT, mpt trong cac cdng vide c i n thiet la chi r a cdc ngudn va d l xud't cac nguyen tde, cac tieu chuan de lUa chpn ndi dung day hpc.
Vl vdy, Chuan GDPT phai phan anh dUdc:
- Nhflng gid tri ed ban cua ddn tpc, cua d i t nUde dUdc luu gifl trong truyen thong van hda, lich sfl cua ddn tde, cua gia (finh, dUdc lifu t r u y i n tfl ddi nay sang ddi khde, tfl the hd nay sang t h i hd khac, bao dam cho sfl phdt trien ciia da't nudc trong thdi ky hien dai.
Nhflng ky ndng h a n h ddng phd quat ma qua trinh gido due can hinh thdnh cho ngudi hpc, bao gom: cdc dang hoat ddng hpc tap, n h a n thflc va giao tie'p, tfldng thich vdi yeu c l u ve ke't qua gido due dUdc ndu trong C h u l n GDPT.
- He thd'ng nhflng tri thflc khoa hpc n i n tang mang tinh chd't phUdng phdp ludn nhd't thid't phai dUdc nghidn cflu trong nha trudng phd thflng.
Dd la nhiing sU kien, khai nidm, y tudng, phUdng phap, ly thuyelt, dinh ly (thdm chi, k l ea do la nhflng tinh cha't phd quat lien quan de'n cae linh vUc tri thflc va van hod chuyen biet) bdt budc phai dflde dUa vao nghien cflu trong n h a trfldng phd thdng. Nhiing tri thflc khoa hpc phd thdng nay, neu t h i l u sU hieu b i i t v l
chung hoac khdng dUdc ldm quen d mpt mflc dp nao day, thi cd thd ndi nhflng HS d the' ky XXI khdng the dUdc coi la cd du tri thfle de cd t h i tid'p tuc dUdc qua trinh giao due va phat tridn nhdn each.
Nha trfldng phd thdng co nhidm vu trang bi cho HS cdc y l u to' van hda dd thdng qua qua trinh day hpc c6 muc dich, cd k l hoach, cd he thdng, dUdc tinh todn chpn Ipc. Tiiy nhien, n h a trfldng khdng t h i dap iing ta't ca mpi nhu c l u cua cd nhdn ngfldi hpc, cua gia (finh va xa hdi, md chi cd t h i eung cd'p cho ngudi hpc nhflng tri thflc n i n t a n g cua hpc van phd thdng. Dd'i vdi moi eon ngfldi, hpc vdn pho thdng cd dUdc khdng chi la k i t qua cua giao due nha trUdng ma cdn la ke't qua ciia giao due ngoai n h a trudng; d6 khdng chi la to'ng sd' nhflng t r i thflc, ky ndng md cdn la hd thd'ng eac pham chat, NL can thiet.
Npi dung day hpc d n h a trudng phd thdng dUdc to chflc theo hai giai doan: giai doan Giao due cd sd (cd ban, bdt budc) va giai doan Sau Gido due cd sd, chuan hi cho HS di vao cudc song, hpc nghi, hodc hpc len cao dang, dai hpc. (5 giai doan Giao due cd sd, HS dUdc t i l p n h a n nhflng k i l n thflc, ky nang phd thdng cd b a n c i n thid't eho mfli con ngudi sfl'ng trong xa hdi hidn dai. Thanh p h i n edt ldi cua ndi dung day hpc phai la cac S690 i (6-2014) I 1 3
^ ^ j f Tiiu OIEM: G 6 P P H A N D 6 | KKSTI C A N C A N , TOAN Dl|NBi^C HOC PHOTHONG HIEN NAY[
k i l n thflc, ky nang e i n thiet cho cudc sd'ng hien tai eua HS vd cudc sdiig sau nay vdi tU each la mdt cong dan binh thudng. 0 giai doan Sau Giao due cd sd, ndi dung day hpc c i n dUdc td chfle thanh cae mdn hpc vd hoat dpng gido due vdi nhilu phUdng an thUc hidn d l tao ra nhilu ed hdi lUa chpn cho HS phu hdp vdi kha nang, sd thich va dieu kien hpe tap eu the eua cae em. Ndi dimg day hpc khdng dp dung dong loat eho mpi HS, cd nhieu phUdng dn thUc hien de tao ra nhilu cd hdi Ifla chpn choHS.
Cdn cfl du kieh thdi Ifldng cd the ddnh cho day hpe, nha trfldng xdc (hnh nhflng linh vflc hpc tdp cd't loi va t h i hien d mdt sd' mdn hpc va boat ddng giao due. Cdc yeu eau vd y tudng ndi trdn dUdc cu t h i hoa thdng qua mdt ke hoach giao due nham dinh hudng td chflc ndi dung day hpc d nha trfldng phd thdng.
De xuat Chuan Giao due pho thdng sau nam 2015
Vide xdc dinh Chuan GDPT ddi hdi phai neu len dUdc nhiing yeu td'cu t h i , can thiet, nhiing bieu Men cd t h i quan sat v l pham chd't va NL cua HS phd thdng sau cac giai doan hpc tdp. Trdn ed sd cae ket qua ngMen cflu va tham khao kinh nghidm quoc t l , chflng tdi budc d i u d l xuat Chuan GDPT sau 2015, the 14 I Sd90,(6-2014)
hien trdn ba phUdng dien:
p h l m chd't, NL chung, NL chuyen biet. Cu t h i :
Pham chat: GDPT Mnh t h a n h vd p h a t t r i l n d HS nhflng p h l m chdt dao dflc cd't loi, nhiing h a n h vi flng xfl phfl hdp va y thflc phap ludt cdng dan, dfldc t h i hien b nhiing tieu cM sau: Yeu gia (finh, que hfldng, dd't nude; nhdn di, khoan dung, quan he t h a n tMen vdi con ngudi va mdi trudng tfl nhien; t r u n g thUc trong hpc tdp va trong eae md'i quan hd; c6 trdch nhidm vdi ban than, gia dinh, edng ddng va xa hpi; tfl chu, tfl tin va ed tinh t h i n vfldt khd; chd'p h a n h phdp ludt, ndi quy, quy dinh ndi cdng cpng.
Nang luc chung: GDPT hinh thdnh va pbat trien d hpe sinh nhflng NL chung cd't loi, c i n thiet cho mdi con ngudi trong hpc tap vd trong cupc sd'ng, bao gdm: NL hpc tap chung, cd ban (tu hpe, hpc each hpc); NL tu duy; N L t h u thdp (tim kilm, td ehflc), xfl ly thdng tin; NL phat hidn va giai quylt van d l ; NL giao tilp; NL hdp tac; NL tu quan ly va phat t r i l n ban than.
Nang lUc chuyen bi$t dUde hinh thanh, phdt trien thong qua cac linh vflc hpc tap: Ngdn ngfl (Tieng Viet - Ngoai ngfl);
Toan; Khoa hpc tfl nhien;
Khoa hpc xa hdi va Nhdn van;
Cdng nghd; Nghe thuat; Dao dflc - Giao due cdng dan; Gido due t h i chd't.
Trong bm eanh xay dung Chfldng trinh GDPT nham dap flng yeu cau ddi mdi cdn ban, toan dien n i n giao due, vdi eae Idp ludn da neu d tren ehung tdi xiu khuyen nghi:
Mgt la, xem xet ddi m6i muc tidu GDPT dap flng yeu eau dd'i mdi can ban todn dien n i n giao due cung nhu yeu c l u xdy dung chUdng tnnh, sdeh giao khoa GDPT sau 2015.
ifai ia, xdy dUng Chuan GDPT eho tiing cap hpc tnfdc khi xdy dUng chUdng trinh GDPT (tranh each ldm ngiidc la xay dUng chUdng trinh, xac dinh ndi dung, phfldng phap rdi mdi xdy dflng Chuln).
Chuan dudp cu the hda thong qua viee tieu chi hda va xac dinh cd'p dp thuc hidn cua 3 yeu c l u ve p h a m cha't, NL chung, NL chuyen biet (the hidn qua ky nang, thai do h a n h ddng va tri thflc linh viic hpe tdp mdn hpe).
Ba la, kM xay dflng Chfldng t r i n h GDPT, c i n xdy dflng C h u a n eua tflng mdn hoc (xuydn suot theo cMlu dpc tii Idp dfldi ldn Idp trdn) va can nhdc, xem xet xdy dflng chuan d tflng Idp hpe (ngang theo tflng linh vUc, tfliig nhdm m5n hpe ed trong tflng Idp hpc).
Boh la, nhflng d l x u i t vl C h u l n GDPT can phai cd tiiih kha tM, hiiu ieh cho viec chula hi xay dung chUdng trinh va sach giao khoa GDPT Viet Nam sau n a m 20151