TRIET HOC, SO 10 (233), THANG 10-2010
DOI THOAI TRIET HOC GIUA CHAU A VA KHU VtfC MY LATINH
H E I S O O K KIM (*)
Bdi vie't tap trung ludn gidi mgt so'vdn di xoay quanh dd'i thoai trii't hgc gida chdu A vd khu viic My Latinh. Theo tdc gid, trong boi cdnh todn cdu hoa hien nay, de con ngUdi hieu biet vi nhau sdu sdc hem thi do'i thoai trii't hgc gida cdc khu viic Id mgt dot hoi tdt yiu. Trong do'i thoai, cdn cam kit tim kiem sii tUdng ddng vd thda nhgn sii khdc biet. Ddng thdi, tdc gid cUng dUa ra ludn gidi ciia minh vi cdch thdc thuc ddy do'i thoai liin viing vd truyin thdhg tU tiidng cua moi nin vdn hda.
h i n tfl q u a n diem p h a n lap gifla phfldng Ddng va phfldng Tay t h i My ' L a t i n h t h u p c ve d a u ? Lieu c h u n g ta, nhflng ngfldi c h a u A v a My L a t i n h , biet gi ve n h a u ? C h u n g t a chia se dieu gi?
Diem c h u n g dfldng nhfl ehi vi c h u n g t a deu la nhflng c h u t h e k b a c biet h a y nhflng k e xa la ( t h a n h a n ) vdi phfldng Tay m a d a i dien la b a de qud'c ldn Anh, P h a p , My. Hp d a i dien cho c h u t h e phfldng T a y t r o n g k h i c h a u A, Areip, My Latinh va c h a u P h i la nhflng chu t h e k h a e la, thfldng hien dien vdi tfl each cac do'i tfldng de p h a n tich, n g u y e n lieu de k h a i thae va c i n dflpc k h a i sang. T i t ca hi liet vao ngoai vi va k h d n g co d a n h p h a n ro r a n g ve minh. C h u n g t a k h d n g biet chinh xac b a n sac c h a u A la gi? C u n g nhfl vay, CO b a n s i c My L a t i n h kh6ng? Cd ehu t h e My L a t i n h kh6ng?
Vdi tfl each nhflng ngudi k h a e la trong ddi s a n h vdi cac de qudc phUdng Tay, chung t a c6 diem tUdng ddng trong p h a t trien sU tU n h a n thflc ve dia vi t h a p hdn, liet y thflc ve b a n s i c va c a m giac yeu ghet hdn don ddi vdi cai dia vi cao hdn. Song, h i u h e t c h u n g t a d a n h m i t gfldng soi de
n h i n n h a n minh, d a n h m i t ngdn ngfl de bieu t h i b a n t h a n . Gfldng soi, ngdn ngfl va hpc thuye^t - t a t ca deu thupc ve phfldng Tay. Phong each phfldng D6ng (Orientalism), k h a i niem E d w a r d Said bien no t h a n h thdi thflpng trong ddng t r i thflc cua t h e gidi, phd bie'n k h 6 n g chi d phfldng Tay, m a toan bp c h a u A va My L a t i n h . C h u n g t a n h i n n h a n b a n t h a n tfl n h a n q u a n phfldng Tay. Khi phong each h a y h e tU t u d n g phUdng T a y d u n g cho sU tbd'ng tri, t a i c i u t r u e va td r a quyen t h e ddi vdi phUdng Ddng, t h i p h o n g each phUdng D6ng dudng nhU chi b o a t dpng d t i m v6 thflc d c h a u A. Song, c h a u A la gi dd'i vdi My L a t i n h va ngfldc lai? C h u n g t a bie^t gi ve n h a u ? Vdi tfl each ngfldi t r i thflc c h a u A, tdi biet gi ve t h e gidi My L a t i n h , ve lich sfl, v a n h d a va con ngfldi ndi day?
Ngay nay, n h i e u giao dieh thfldng m a i d a n g dien r a gifla cac qud'c gia t r e n t o a n t h e gidi. Song, nhflng giao dich n a y k h o n g md rpng tdi sfl h i e u biet l a n n h a u d t i m s a u h d n ve tdn giao, n g h e t h u a t va
(*) Giao S'Q, tien si, TrQdng Dai hpc phu nQ Ehwa, Han Quoc.
HEISOOK KIM . • 1 vy
triet hpc, cung nhfl khong dan tdi sfl tich tu tri thflc ve nen van boa khae. Chung ta biet r i t it ve nhau, ve nhflng gi ma ngfldi kbac suy nghi, ve nep sinh boat va cae gia tri trong ddi sd'ng eua nhau.
Nhflng gi chung ta biet ve nhau thi lai gian tiep qua cac tai lieu cua phfldng Tay ve chau A hay My Latinh. Kh6ng co nhieu sach gidi thieu ve van hpc, ton giao va lich sfl van hda Arap va van minh Hdi giao x u i t ban d Han Quo'e. Chung ta khong noi chuyen vdi nhflng anh mat nhin thang nhau. N6i sd hai hien dien trong dd'i thoai x u i t phat tfl sfl kieu ngao va dinh kien thfldng do phim anh Hollywood va phfldng tien truyen thdng tao ra. Du do la tinh yeu hay Idng thu ban, mpi 16'i giao tie^p deu thdng qua lang kinh phfldng Tay. Song, tai sao chung ta phai noi chuyen trflc tiep vdi nhau? Tai sao dieu nay lai v6 cung quan trpng chi d thdi diem hien nay? Muc dich cua chung ta la gi khi chung ta tnam gia vao dd'i thoai lien vung?
1. Ddi thoai triet hoc lien khu vflc gifla chau A va My Latinh la thiet yeu de hieu ban chat kep cua sfl hoa than thanh ngfldi khae cua chung ta.
Trong ky nguyen cua thdi hau thflc dan va hau tfl ban cong nghiep nay, ehung ta dang trai nghiem nhflng hinh thflc mdi cua sfl phu thupc l i n nhau. Cai
"the gidi sdng" ("Lebenswelt") cua con ngfldi dang trd nen vfla rpng ldn hdn, vfla nhd hep di. N6 trd nen rpng ldn hdn theo nghia con ngfldi bupc phai nhan thflc nhflng gi dang diin ra khdng chi d ndi minh sdng, ma con d ca nhflng ndi xa khae do tinh c h i t lien thdng cua cac sfl kien tren the gidi. Va no trd nen nhd hep di d khia canh ngfldi dd co the tdi dfldc
nhflng ndi xa xdi b i n g nhieu phfldng tien giao tiep va giao thong kbac nhau, dieu ma trUde day la khong the. Du the gidi nay dang trd nen rpng ldn hdn hay nhd hep di, thi mpt dieu rat ro rang la trong the gidi toan c i u hda khong the co
"nhflng ngudi hoan toan xa la", ma trai lai, ta't ca chung ta deu lien he vdi nhau.
Cho tdi g i n day, mpi ngUdi d nhflng khu vile kbac nhau, n h i t la nhflng ngUdi thupc nhflng khu vUc ngoai vi van con la nhflng ngUdi xa la, hoan toan kh6ng biet ve nhau. Song, de sd'ng trong the' gidi toan c i u hda nay, menh lenh dat ra cho chung ta la phai hieu, giao tiep vdi nhflng ngUdi la va vUdt qua sU kbac biet, du van y thflc ve sfl khae biet. De tang cfldng sfl hieu biet lan nhau, v i n de phflc tap trfldc tien chung ta vap phai la chung ta la nhflng ngfldi khae biet vdi mpt cam nhan kep. Chung ta la nhflng ngfldi kbac d khia canh cam nhan gian ddn nhfl nhflng ngfldi xa la vdi nhau. Song, chung ta eung deu la nhflng ngfldi xa la theo nghia ma tdi da chi ra d p h i n md dau cua bai viet nay. De dat tdi sfl hieu biet sau sac hdn ve vi tri hien thdi cua minh, chung ta phai hieu ban c h i t kep cua sfl kbac biet gifla chung ta.
Doi thoai mang tinh trie't hpc se gop p h i n vao sfl phan tich sfl sap dat (dan xep) quyen life trong van boa, vao sfl tim kie^m phfldng hfldng chinh tri van hda dfldng thdi. Dieu gi khien cho doi thoai mang tinh triet hpc? De tao dflng sfl ddi thoai hdp tac, ngfldi ta c i n co kha nang ' phan tfl va nhan thflc phe phan ve gia tri
va niem tin cua minh. Trong sfl danh gia phe phan ve he tho'ng niem tin c6't loi, thi nhflng phan tfl trie^t hpe ve nhflng khai niem kbac nhau ve con ngUdi, ve cac ly
DOI THOAI TRIET HOC G I U A CHAU A VA KHU VUC MY LATINH tudng mang tinh gia tri (dao dflc va my
hpc) va ve ban tinh la nhflng yeu td thiet yeu. Cupe ddi thoai se mang tinh triet hpe vdi sU hien dien eua mpt thai dp phan tU va xet doan. Kbac vdi dd'i thoai chinh tri mUu cau ldi ich ca nhan (tU ldi) va dam phan, ddi thoai trie't hpe mUu eau sU hieu biet ve ban than va ve ngfldi kbac va do vay, no cd the lam phong phu sfl nhan thflc eua chflng ta ve cuoc s6'ng va eon ngfldi. Sfl hieu biet nay tao nen tang eho nhflng hinh thflc kbac cua dd'i thoai va do vay, gop p h i n tao nen the' gidi tdt dep hdn cho chung ta sd'ng. D6'i thoai trie't hpc lien vung cung gop p h i n phat trien trie't hpe vi nd khien cac nha triet hpc ed y thflc phe phan hdn d6'i vdi van ho^i cua minh va hinh thanh phfldng phap thong dien hpc de giao tie'p vdi nhflng nen van hoa kbac. No khie^n hp suy nghi ve each thflc ket ndi tinh chu the tinh va tinh dia phfldng trong quan diem nhan thflc eua minh vdi t i m nhin phd quat hdn cua (toan) nhan loai. Trie't hpc trd nen da dang va thaeh thflc hdn vdi eae chfldng trinh nghi sfl mdi phat trien tfl cae eupc do'i thoai.
2. Cach thiic hieu qua nhat de phan tich ban chat cua sfl hien hiiu cua ngfldi khae la dflng tren quan diem nii gidi, nii gidi hien hufu nhfl la nhiing
"ngfldi xa la" khae (another 'other') trong tat thay cac nen van hoa
De phan tich cac sap dat cua sfl tbd'ng tri, thi chung ta c i n xem xet m6'i quan he gifla sfl thdng tri va bi tri. Theo quan diem macxit, de hieu ban chat sfl thdng tri phfldng Tay, chung ta nha't thiet phai xet doan chau A va My Latinh vdi tfl each hai ke xa la bi de qudc phfldng Tay thdng tri (t6i cho r i n g Nhat Ban la trUdng hdp
ngoai le dd'i vdi hau he^t cac qud'c gia chau A, Nhat Ban la mpt phan cua the gidi phUdng Tay de qu6'c). Sd di nhu vay vi, theo ly thuyet, thUc tidn se dUdc hieu ro va cd le dUdc dien dat to't hdn khi nhin tfl ngfldi bi ap bfle. Dfl chung ta kh6ng cha'p nhan hpc thuyet macxit va do vay, khdng vien dan khai niem dae quyen mang tinh nhan thflc luan cua Iflc Ifldng hi ap bflc, song van cin thie't de gia dinh vi the' cua life Ifldng hi ap bflc trong viec lam sang td ban chit xac thilc cua cd che cua quyen life tbd'ng tri. Chung ta eo the flng dung 16gic nay vao giai quye't van de van boa chau A va My Latinh. Phu nfl d ca hai nen van hda nay, theo truyen th6'ng, deu thupc ve lilc Ifldng bi ap bfle. Khdng giao, Phat giao, Dao giao du cd mpt s6' bie'n ddi tuy tflng dao, song tat ca gop p h i n vao tao nen he tfl tfldng gia trfldng d chau A.
Vdi sfl tfldng ddng ve truyen tbd'ng ehe dp gia trfldng, md'i quan he gia trfldng gifla phu nfl va nam gidi, chau A va My Latinh bfla hen nhflng cupe do'i thoai hieu qua.
Trong nhflng cupe do'i thoai nay, chung ta CO the phai dfldng dau vdi cae van de triet hpc khae nhau d mfle dp rat eu the:
1. Logic va cac pham tru triet hpc/van hoa san sinh va tai san sinh ra cac gia tri gia trfldng. 2. Mo'i quan he gifla logic va cac the che d nhieu hinh thai kbac nhau nhfl ehinh tri, ton giao, dao dflc, giao due, my hpc. 3. V i n de cua truyen tho'ng (vdi tu each kinh dien) va ban sac van hda (thuyet nam nfl binh quyen dUde cho la y tudng phUdng Tay, no la ganh nang de len nhflng ngUdi muo'n lUu gifl ban sac rieng cua minh, dac biet la trong sU do'i d i u vdi phUdng Tay). 4. Cac dieu kien thiet yeu cho mo'i quan he quyen lUc tUdng lai gifla phu nfl va nam gidi, phfldng Dong
HEISOOK KIM
va phfldng Tay, Nam va Bac. Tfl quan diem cua phu nfl, chung ta co the co dfldc tam nhin sau rpng hdn de doi mat vdi sfl ba quyen van hoa eung nhfl vdi eae nen van hoa kbac nhau tren mpt cUdng linh chung, nhu kinh nghiem eua phu nfl, cae nen van hda khae nhau cua tuih da dang toan eau. Muc dich td'i hau eua chung ta la tai kien tao nhung sap dat cua nhan loai da bi thdi gian bao mon.
3. Chung ta phai ket ndi chau A va My Latinh bang each tao dflng md hinh dd^i thoai cam ket tim kiem tinh tfldng ddng trong khi thfla nhan sfl khae biet va bat ddng
Tdi da hoa sfl khae biet
NTifl toi da chi ra trong phan dau cua bai \'iet nay, khong eo qudc gia va ca nhan nao eo the song hoan toan phi lien ket vdi nhflng quo'e gia hay eac ca nhan khae trong mpt the gidi toan eau hoa hau hien dai nay. Ngay nay, cae qudc gia deu phu thupc nhau d nhieu phUdng dien, nhfl kinh te va moi trfldng. Song, dieu quan trpng cho sfl xet doan cua ehung ta khong phai la thflc te cua ban than sfl phu thupc, ma la each thflc va dieu kien lien ket. Chung ta eo the lien quan vdi nhau ve mat do'i thoai ngon ngfl, xua't khau hay nhap khau hang hoa, tiep xuc trflc tiep, tham ehi dfldi hinh thflc chien tranh. Dieu nay tuy thupc vao quyet dinh cua ehung ta Ifla chpn hinh thflc nao cua sfl phu thupc lan nhau. Song, nha't thiet phai lflu y r i n g du Ifla chpn b i t cfl hinh thflc nao, trfldc het ehung ta c i n phai thau hieu lan nhau.
De do'i thoai vdi ban thi c i n phai hieu ban va lam eho ban hieu minh. De hieu ban, toi nhat thiet phai hieu cai kbac biet tao ra sfl ngan each da dang gifla ban va
toi. ThUe te, nhu cau ddi thoai va giao tiep nay sinh d nhflng ndi cd sfl khae biet ve quan diem, gia tri va sfl danh gia. Ne'u t i t ea deu tfldng ddng va tho'ng nhat thi chung ta khong c i n ban tam nhieu ve ddi thoai va giao tiep. O mat nay, toi cd the tuyen bo' rang de hieu ngfldi kbac, chung ta phai tdi da boa sfl khae biet va co' gang vach ro bet sfl khae biet. De lam sang td sfl khae biet va sfl b i t ddng trong quan diem, chung ta cd the phat trien hinh thflc tfl bay td (tfl bieu hien, lap ngon).
Chau A, My Latinh khae biet ve xa hpi, lich sfl, ehung toe, ton giao, chinh tri, van hoa... Du chung ta tfldng ddng theo nghia deu la nhflng ke khae la (tha nhan) trong tfldng quan vdi phfldng Tay de quo'e, song chung ta lai kbac nhau trong cac mo'i quan he eua chung ta vdi phfldng Tay. De khdi phat sfl doi thoai, chung ta phai thfla nhan vi the kbac nhau cua chung ta va tim each danh gia sU khae biet nhfl chung dfldc nhin nhan trong moi nen van hoa. Do vay, budc d i u tien de e6 dupe sil ddi thoai la ehung ta phai nhan biet sU khae biet gifla ehung ta. Song, de duy tri sU n h i t quan ve mat logic trong chien Iflde cua ehung ta ve do'i thoai, va quan trpng hdn la khong hi chim dam trong tam nhin thien can cua chu nghia vi ehung, chu nghia dia phfldng hay chu nghia dan tpc, chung ta phai co dfldc sfl phan tfl mang tinh phe phan ve sfl kbac biet, la cai eo the tao nen nhflng ngan each (phan chia) khong chi tdn tai gifla chau A va My Latinh ma cdn d gifla eac qud'c gia chau A vdi nhau hay gifla cac quo'e gia My Latinh vdi nhau. Tham ehi, trong pham vi mpt nen van boa hay mpt qudc gia, chung ta cung nhan tha'y nhflng sfl khae biet va ngan each nhd d ngay tai
DPI THOAI TRIET HOC GIUA C H A U A v A KHU VUC MY LATINH ndi ma ca nhan cd the tim thay hinh thflc
phu hdp de til bieu hien (nhan each cua
•minh). Nuoi dUdng tinh nhay cam (nhay ben, man cam) do'i vdi sil khae biet va ddi vdi ngUdi kbac la cai ma chung ta phai coi trpng trong nen giao due cua ehung ta cho the he tUdng lai khi ma the gidi dang trong qua trinh toan c i u hda nhanh chdng. Viec phat trien tinh nhay cam doi vdi sU kbac biet, tham ehi trong chinh nen van hda cua minh cung nhU viec theo dudi sU ddi thoai ve chien lUpc td'i da boa sfl khae biet co y nghia r i t quan trpng do'i vdi khai niem "lien ddi md"/"Open Solidarity", la khai niem tdi se de cap tdi d phan sau cua bai viet nay.
Tao dieu k i e n c h o sfl do'i thoai hdp tac
Dieu kien cho do'i thoai lien vung gifla chau A va My Latinh la gi? Chung ta b i t diu tfl dau? Trong bo'i canh chinh tri rat phflc tap hien nay, thi se la sang suo't neu khdi phat sfl dd'i thoai tfl nhflng v i n de phi chinh tri, nhfl nhflng van de ve nghe thuat, ton giao, giao due dao dflc va cac hien tfldng van hda khae. De do'i dien vdi nhflng van de nay, chung ta nen lam cho sfl kbac biet bpc 16 ra cang ro cang td't.
Cung cin thie't de cac t i n g Idp xa hpi kbac nhau, dai dien cho nam gidi, nfl gidi, tre em, tri thflc, phi tri thflc, ngfldi lao dpng, ndng dan, nha tfl ban... bpc 16 nhflng quan diem cua hp, bdi mpt nen van hda lu6n ham chfla nhieu khia canh kbac nhau. De lam cho dd'i thoai e6 tinh hdp tac, chung ta phai dung nguyen t i c khdng loai trfl de dam bao cho mpi ngudi deu binh d i n g khi tham gia vao ddi thoai.
Bdi, sU loai trfl co the trd thanh mpt dang cua sfl ap bflc; do vay, dieu kien tren la tdi quan trpng.
Mpt dieu kien khae cho do'i thoai lien vung la tao dflng mpt quy t i e de chap nhan thuyet tfldng dd'i van hoa cho du khdng nha't thiet phai la thuyet tfldng ddi nhan thflc luan. Thuyet tfldng do'i van hda ddi hdi chung ta danh gia va ton trpng nen van hda khae vdi cai quyen cua no tuyen bo^ rang mpi nen van hoa deu co tieu chi dao dflc va the gidi quan eua rieng minh. Thuyet tUdng do'i nhan thflc luan cho rang, tat ca chan ly la tfldng do'i trong pham vi mpt he niem tin va do vay, .phu nhan kha nang hpi tu do'i vdi chan ly
khach quan va phd bien. De tham gia chan thanh vao do'i thoai lien vung, chung ta phai la ngfldi theo thuyet tUdng do'i van hda, song cung phai thoat khdi chu nghia dia phUdng hep hdi. De la ngUdi theo thuyet tUdng do'i van boa, ngUdi dd phai coi trpng nen van boa khae nhu coi trpng nen van hda cua chinh minh. Dieu nay ddi hdi kha nang vUdt qua (vUpt len) nen van hda cua minh va mUdng tupng ve eupc song cua ngUdi khae. Chung ta eo the hdp thflc hoa (hinh thflc boa) kha nang nay thanh nguyen t i c phan tfl. Vdi nguyen t i c phan tfl nay, chung ta eo the dflng ben trong va thoat ra ngoai nen van boa cua chung ta.
Nhflng muc tieu cua dd^i thoai lien khu vflc
Di nhien, mue tieu cua ehung ta la n h i m tang cfldng sfl hieu biet lan nhau.
Nhflng sfl hieu biet do hfldng tdi dieu gi?
Noi theo logic bien chflng cua Heghen, chung ta nen tinh lpc tinh kbac biet (tha tinh) va hfldng tdi quan diem thdng n h i t mdi cua "hien hflu tfl no va cho ehinh no"
(tfl tai cho chinh minh "an-und-fuer-sich sein"). Nhflng hai ngfldi ddi thoai phai duy tri ban sac rieng cua minh nhfl la hai mo-
HEISOOK KIM
men (moments) cua sfl tbd'ng nhit. Day la mpt nhiem vu r i t khd khan, du khong phai la phi thflc te, de dat tdi tinh tfldng ddng trong khi v i n thfla nhan sfl khae biet.
Khi chung ta mflu cau tinh tfldng ddng, ma theo dd hai ngfldi cd the dat tdi sfl thdng nha't va sfl lien ket thflc sfl b i n g each vfldt qua sfl kbac biet, chung ta khong n h i m tdi tinh phd quat tdng the hoac tinh ddng nhat hoan toan. Tinh tfldng ddng luon dflpc xem xet trong mpt bo'i canh cu the trong pham vi eo gidi ban eua eac khia canh. Viee mflu c i u tinh tfldng ddng d mflc dp trflu tfldng se mang lai mpt tuyen bo' tro'ng rong ve ly tfldng cua nhan loai. Cuoc so'ng eua mpt con ngfldi la da chieu kich. Toi la mpt phu nfl chau A, mpt ngfldi Han Quo'e, mpt eong dan, mpt phu trung nien, mpt nha triet hpc, mpt tri thflc trung lflu dflpc dao tao d My... 0 khia canh nao dd, tdi cd nhieu diem chung vdi mpt ngfldi phfldng Tay hay mpt triet gia ngfldi My hdn la mpt phu nfl Han Quoc ban hang ngoai chd.
Song, d mpt khia canh kbac, toi va nhflng ngfldi phu nfl kbac, khong xet den qud'c tich hay dia vi xa hpi cua hp, lai cung chia se nhieu kinh nghiem vdi tfl each phu nfl. Tuy thupc vao each thflc ban chu trpng den khia canh nao cua sil so sanh va phan chia cung nhfl each thflc ban dat trpng tam so sanh, sfl tflPng ddng se dfldc hoc 16 ra vdi nhflng hinh thflc va npi dung kbac nhau. Do vay, khi ehung ta mflu eiu sfl tfldng ddng trong dd'i thoai, ehung ta phai than trpng ve gidi ban cua chfldng trinh nghi sfl de chung cang cu the cang to't. Dieu kien nay xuc tien tien trinh cua viee dat tdi tinh tfldng ddng, tham chi tinh hen ddi. Tinh hen ddi ma ehung ta co the dat dflpc thong qua dd'i thoai mang tinh
md va phu thupc vao khia canh va boi canh cua sU ddi thoai va mdi quan tam cua chung ta. Chi co sU nhan thflc sau sie- ve ban than, ve ngUdi kbac va nhiing hinh thflc kbac nhau eua ddng nha't va kbac biet mdi tao ra tinh lien ddi md.
Su tim kiem tinh tUdng ddng cung vdi sil thfla nhan d i y du ve tinh khae biet cd the dat tdi de dang hdn gifla phu nfl chau A va phu nfl My Latinh, vi hp cd nhieu diem chung trong kinh nghiem song cua minh trong cac xa hpi gia trfldng. Ban c h i t cua moi nen van hoa hoc lp ro rang hdn qua sfl phan tich phe phan va phan tfl ve kinh nghiem cua phu nfl. Vdi sfl phan tich nhfl vay, nhan thflc luan ve van hda, tieu chi dao dflc va thai dp ehung hfldng tdi cupe song va the gidi se hoc lp. Trong viee giai quyet nhflng vin de cua phu nfl, chung ta cung kham pha each thflc ma triet hpe hay quan niem truyen tho'ng gop p h i n vao sfl san sinh ra va tai san sinh ra ba quyen gidi. Viec giang day triet hpc chau A d My Latinh va triet hpc My Latinh d chau A co the dflpc tien hanh d mflc dp r i t cu the thong qua viec chu trpng vao nhflng van de phu nfl. Thong qua nhan thflc sau sac ve sfl tho'ng tri cua nam gidi d h i u bet cac hnh vUc tri thflc va ly thuyet kinh dien, cac nfl tri thflc d chau A va My Latinh de dang di tdi nhan thflc ve ba quyen van hda hien dien trong nen van hda eua minh. Song, dd la y thflc bat hanh vi hp sdm nhan ra trong ban than minh sfl giing xe gifla hai life ddi lap - truyen thdng gia trfldng cua minh va phfldng Tay de qud'c. Thuyet nam nfl binh quyen vdi tfl each he tfl tfldng phfldng Tay ve tfl do eua phu nfl dat chung ta vao hinh thai y thflc b i t hanh nay.
DPI THOAI TRIET HOC GIUA C H A U A v A KHU VUC MY LATINH 4. Chung ta cd the lam gi de thuc
day doi thoai lien v u n g va truyen thdng tfl tfldng cua mdi n e n van hda?
Menh lenh cua nfl quyen ea d hai vung la phai tham dfl vao ddi thoai de kham pha nhflng v i n de phflc tap cua sfl thdhg tri va cam giac bi phan each cua tinh ddng n h i t . Chung ta cd the thue day nhieu hinh thflc kbac nhau eua chfldng trinh trao doi giup mpi ngfldi cd dflpc cd hpi giang day, hpc tap va dieu nay co the lam dfldc d ca cac khu vflc dfldc the che hoa hay phi the che hda eua van hda.
Chung ta eung c6 the tu hpp thanh nhdm tri thflc nfl trong linh vflc triet hpc va khich le hp nghien cflu cac van de chung dang quan tam.
Khi tiep can mpt nen van hda ngoai qud'c, chung ta chi c6 khdi d i u tfl he niem tin cua chung ta va dfla vao thuat ngfl rieng cua minh de tim each dien dich hanh vi (ngon ngfl hoac phi ngon ngfl) eua ngfldi kbac. De dien dich chung ta can CO mpt sach hfldng dan (giao trinh) diin dich. Trfldc day, chung ta dfldng nhfl khong CO sach hfldng dan dien dieh ngoai cac sach hfldng dan do phfldng Tay de qudc cung cip. Phfldng Tay da thu thap tri thflc de phuc vu muc dich tho'ng tri hay muc dich md mang tri tue ve chau A va My Latinh. Thdi gian d i u chung ta khong c6 nhieu Ifla chpn ma phai le thupc vao tri thflc phflpng Tay. Do vay, nhflng ngfldi tham gia vao do'i thoai lien vung nen y thflc ve thilc trang nay va cd ging phat trien chfldng trinh nghi sil cua rieng minh va nhflng van de thupc mo'i quan tam chung. Triet hpc co the ddng gdp eho tfl duy phe phan nay. Song, quan trpng hdn, ehung ta nen nghi ve nen triet hpc dfldc hien thilc hda va di vao thflc te dudi
dang ddi so'ng thudng ngay va giao dich cua mpi ngudi. De giai quyet triet hpc va truyen tho'ng tU tUdng dUdc hien thUe hoa trong nhieu hinh thai khae nhau eua van hda, chung ta phai trUe tiep cam nhan, trai nghiem va chung song vdi nen van boa khae. Tren nen tang eua sU tiep xuc trUc tiep, ehung ta eo the, d mfle dp trflu tupng, tien hanh boat dpng triet hpe vdi he eac van de mdi. De xuc tien tiep xuc trilc tiep, phim anh va cac phUdng tipn truyen thong kbac nhau td ra eo gia tri.
Mpt nen van boa c6 the phat trien da ddng de tao nen truyen tho'ng da sac mau va nang dpng. Truyen tho'ng n i m trong sU bien doi khong ngflng thong qua sfl pha huy va tai thiet lap nhflng gi da nuoi dfldng va thong qua sfl anh hfldng cua nhflng nen van boa khae. De thuc day truyen tho'ng tfl tfldng khong phai la bo'i thuc mpi ngfldi giam minh trong the trang co' dinh cua nhflng hpc thuyet cd hu, ma cin hdi thue mpi ngfldi danh gia va tham dinh eai gi la chan gia tri cua minh trong khi thfla nhan tien trinh tiep bien va nang dpng eua ban than truyen tho'ng. Chi cd nang cao sfl nhan thflc ve tinh ngau nhien cua truyen thddng, chung ta mdi biet dflpc cai gi c i n lUu gifl de phat trien va cai gi e i n tfl bd de lam phong phu them nhan thflc cua nhan loai. Sfl do'i thoai lien vung cua chung ta nen tap trung vao nhflng trai nghiem qua khfl va truyen tho'ng vdi tam nhin rpng md tdi tfldng lai, tdi tinb ngau nhien cua cupe song va tdi linh vflc rpng ldn eua y chi, ma dfla vao dd chung ta ra quyet dinh hanh dpng de tao dflng mpt the gidi td^t dep hdn. •
Ngfldi dich: ThS. PHAM HUNG Hieu dinh: ThS. TRAN TUAN PHONG