&im mitng 59 ndm llianh lap Vien kiem wl ilhrln ihW | Jl) i, V^Tfj6/2/^!!3
THVC HANH QUYEN CONG TO VA KIEM SAT viic GIAI QUYET NGUON TIN TOI PHAM
VE DONG VAT HOANG DA
NGUYEN BlfC HANH*
Tom tit: Tpi pham vl ddng vat hoang da cd m^t so dac trumg riing ve doi tupng tic dOng, phirffng thirc, thu doan pham tpi;
dia ban hoat dpng... nfin khi thuc hinh quyin cong to, kiem sat vi^c giai quyet tin bao, tS giic, Kilm sit vien can luu y mpt so . van dl khi tilp nhan va giai quyet ngudn tin, khi kiem sit vifc trumg cau giam d|nb, kiem sat viec bio quan, nuoi, giir dpng vat hoang da.
Tic khoa: Bong vdt hoang da; tin bdo, to gidc ve toi pham.
Ngdy nhgn bdi: 30/5/2019; ngdy bien tap xong: 03/7/2019; ngdy duyet bdi:
08/7/2019.
1. Nhan thirc chung vi die diem hinh sv cua tpi pham ve dong v^t hoang da
Tdi pham ve ddng vat hoang da (DVHD) cd the hieu la nhiing tdi pham thuc hien nhiing hanh vi nhu: San bit, gilt, nudi, nhdt, van chuyen, budn bin tirii phep nhiing loai ddng vat sinh sdng, phat trien
1. Xem: Nguyin E>uc Hanh, Tham Hoang Tii, Nguyin Van TCmg, Tai /ipw lap huan •'Ky nang phal hien. diiu Ira.
xu ly toi pham ve dong vai hoang da •', H^c vi?n Cinh sat nhan dSn, 2019, Ir. 7 -14.
trong mdi trudng tu nhidn, theo quy luit tu nhien, khdng chiu sir ean thiep true tiep hang ngiy ciia eon ngudi, theo quy dinh tai Dilu 234 vi Dieu 244 Bd luit Hinh sir nim 2015, sua ddi, bd sung nim 2017 (BLHS nim 2015). Diy la loai tpi pham cd mpt sd die tiimg ma cac Kiem sat vien ein chu y trong qui trinh thuc hanh quy8n cdng td, kiem sat viee giii quyet ngudn tin ve tpi pham, cu thi':
* TiSn si Pho Hieu tru-o^ng Truing Dai hgc Kiem siit Ha N0i.
I Tap chi
5 8 I KIEM SAT_ / So 14(tiwig 7/2019)
B A O Vt BONC VAT HOMfG DA, NCBY M P , QIIV, HIEM - Dfii tugng pham tpi hoac vi pham
pham phap luSt co thanh phto da djng, phic tap, bao g6m nguM Viet Nam, nguoi nuoc ngoai. Co d6i tucmg hoat dgng chuyen nghiep, hoat a§ng co ta chuc theo tuySn, dia ban, nhung ciing co d6i tucmg pham tgi, vi pham phap luat nhit thai do hoan canh Icinh tl kho Idian ho^c do diSu lci|n tu nhien thuan lgi san c6 d^ thuc hien hanh vi vi pham.
- Dgng vat hoang da thucmg bi xam hai 14 nhiing loai dugc phan bd tu nhien tai Viet Nam hoac mua ban, van chuyen, trang chuySn tit nude ngoai vao Viet Nam rat da d ^ g va phong phu. Co loai dgng vat quy, hilm nhu ho, gau, bao, meo rilmg, te te, cac loai linh truong, ran h6 mang chua,... hoac cac san phim nhu simg tS giac, nga voi, simg trau rimg, bo rimg, son duong simg kiem, linh duong dSu bo, nai simg tam...; song cung co nhmg loai dugc phep gay nuoi vi muc dich thuong mai. Tji Vi?t Nam, hien co 41 loai thuimg xuyen bi xam hai nhu: Ho, giu, cac loai linh truong (cac loai vogc, cac loai khi), ran ho mang chua, cay voi, ma, meo rimg, cay huong,...
- Phucmg thicc thu doan pham tgi phu thuoc vao tinh chat hoat dgng cua tirng lo?ii doi tugng. Tren timg tuyen, dia ban theo ttag loai khac nhau ma phucmg Ihitc, thii do^n hoat dgng cua cac doi tugng CO nhimg dac diem khac nhau. Tuy nhien, qua t6ng ket thuc tiln cong tac dau tranh voi loai tgi pham nay, co thi th4y nhimg phuong thirc, thu doan nhu sau:
+ Hinh thanh cdc bang nhom, duong
% de thuc hien tgi pham, vi pham phap
luat vl DVHD: Day la xu thi hoat dgng ciia t6i pham moi trudng hien nay, tay khong xuit hien cac bang nhom, duong day, to chirc hoat dgng cong khai, trSng trgn nhung tinh chat miic do vi pham va hau qua tac hai iam mit can bjng sinh thai, da dang sinh hgc bi suy giam nghiem trgng, anh hudmg toi su phat triln ben viing noi chung. Cac ddi tugng trong va ngoai nuoc cau kit, moc noi voi nhau dl hinh thanh duong day mua ban, van chuyen DVHD va cac san phim tu DVHD tir nuoc ngoai vao Viet Nam dl tieu thu hoac trung chuyin sang cac nuoc thii ba vai phuang thuc, each thirc thuc hien ngay mgt tinh vi ban.
+ Thil doan che giau, cat giau, van chuyen rat tinh vi nhu cho ho mang chua vao cap so; te te dong vao cac thung hang dat trong container thugc dien mien kiem tra hoac kiem tra xac suat {kit hgp vdi viec mua chugc mgt so can bg, cong chirc); hoac san pham ciia DVHD dl lin vdi cac loai thuc pham nham trdn tranh su kiem tra cua cac co quan chirc nang hoac ghep ciing vdi cac loai ddng vat thong thudng, DVHD dugc phep gay nudi.
+ Hgp phap hda hd so giay td chimg minh ngudn gdc DVHD hoac san pham cua DVHD.
+ Thudng xuyen thay ddi dia diem, thdi gian giao hang va thay doi sd may dien thoai hoac trao ddi vdi nhau bing quy udc rieng, sii dung "tiing long" de giao dich nhSm tranh su phat hien, theo doi cua CO quan chiic nang.
+ Su dung cac trang mang xa hgi nhu
S(il4(tMng7/2019)\
Tapchi _KrEM SAT I 5 9
BAO VE DpNC VAT HOANC DA, NGUY CAP, gUY, HIEM
chuin thi VKS p h i i phdi hpp v i yeu c i u cac ca quan chuc nang nhanh chdng ki8m tra, xic minh ngudn tin; de ra y6u c i u aha ti^; l i m rd va bd sung chiing cu, cung nhu true t i l p ciing vdi c i c lire lupng nay tiln h i n h thu t h i p chiing cii. N l u thSy cd d i u hipu cua tdi pham nhung chua dupc khdi td thi VKS yeu c i u khdi t6 vu an hinh su. Ndu yeu c i u ciia VKS khong dupe thuc hien hoac cd vi pham, CO diu hieu bd Ipt tdi pham thi VKS ed the true tilp giii q u y l t td g i i c , tin b i o v l tgi pham va kien nghi khdi td.
- Trudng hap bet thdi ban giii q u y l t ngu6n tin nhung c a quan ed tham q u y i n v5a chua dii c a sd de tien hanh khdi td hoac khdng khdi td vu an hinh su thi VKS CO trich nhiem quyet dinh gia ban thdi han giii'quyet td g i i c , tin b i o ve tpi pham, kien nghi khdi td; quyet dinh khdi to vu i n hinh sir; tuy nhien, p h i i d i m b i o de hinh trudng hpp sau khi tiep n h i n nguon tin khdng td chiie kiem tra, xac minh ngay m i keo d i i de gia ban hoae da du can cir de khdi td nhung khdng khdi td ma van de nghi gia han.
- Tnrdng hpp neu ed c i n cii cho r i n g cac quyet dinh khdi td cua e a quan cd tham quyin tiln hanh td tung ehua ehinh xac thi VKS chu dpng thay ddi, bd sung quyet dinh khdi td vu an hinh su hoae huy bd quylt dinh khdi td, quyet dinh thay doi ho$c bd sung q u y l t dinh khdi td vu an hinh sy, quylt dinh khdng khdi td vu an hinh sy khdng ed e i n cii va trai phap luit; rieng quylt dinh khdi td vu i n hinh sy ciia Hpi ddng xet xu khdng cd can cii thi VKS khang nghi 16n Tda an
tren mdt c i p .
- Trudng hop p h i t hipn cd vi pham, VKS cd trich nhiem hiiy bd quyet dinh tam giii:, quyet dinh tam dinh chi giai quyet ngudn tin ve tdi pham va eac quylt dinh td tyng k h i c trii phap luit eua CQDT, CO quan dupe giao nhipm vy tien h i n h mdt sd boat ddng d i l u tra.
- De thue bien tdt viec thyc hinh quyen cdng td trong giai doan giii quylt ngudn tin tpi pham v l DVHD thi VKS p h i i ehii y de ra yeu c i u dieu tra n h i m thu thip, cung cd tai lieu, chiing cii, t i p trung v i o eae ndi dung nhu:
+ Kiem dem sd lupng v i t chung thu giu gdm bao nhieu c i t h i DVHD cdn sdng, bao nhieu ea thi DVHD da ehit;
khdi lupng, chung loai bd p h i n eo the eua DVHD; khdi lupng, chung loai s i n p h i m tii DVHD.
+ Trung c i u g i i m dinh ddi vdi c i c c i the, bd phan co the, s i n pham DVHD dupe thu giii, trong dd, dat ciu hdi g i i m dinh sao cho nhin dupe c i u t r i ldi cd thdng tin x i c dinh dupc loai gi, ten gpi la gi (thudc nhdm IB, IIB hay phu Iuc I, II, III Cdng udc qude te ve budn b i n c i c loai ddng, thyc vat hoang d i nguy c i p (Cdng udc CITES)).
+ Khi da xac dinh dupe DVHD Ii v i t chiing thude nhdm IIB hoac phu lue II, 111 cua Cdng ude CITES thi phii yeu c i u dinh g i i so lupng vat chiing thu giii.
+ Thu thap c i c tai lieu, lay ldi khai eiia cie ddi tupng va nhiing ngudi lien quan d l chiing minh gia tri thu ldi b i t chinh n l u DVHD thudc nhdm IIB hay phu lue II, III Cdng ude CITES.
Sdl4{thang7y2(rt9)\
Tap chi _KIEMSAT I 61
BAO VE BONC VAT HOgNC PA, NGUY CAP, gMY, HltM
dilu tra ban d i u khi t i l p n h t o ngudn tin vS tgi pham khdng vao sd sach ngay, ma chi vao sd nhung ngudn tin ma ddi tugng di ro rang va d l xii ly, VKS phai thudng xuyen kilm sat ddi vdi s6 thu ly ngudn tin, ciing co quan cd t h i m q u y i n d i l u tra giao ban dinh ky, k i l m d i m ngudn tin.
Cic kit qua k i l m tra, xac minh ngudn tin vg tgi ph?m ciia c a quan cd tham quyen dilu tra phai dugc VKS ghi chep lai k i t qui hojc sao chep lai tai li^u, ddng d i u va dinh sd biit Ivic khi k i l m sat. Khi nhan dugc thdng tin co ddi tugng tu thu, bat qui tang, Kilm sat vien phai chu ddng phdi hgp d l nSm b i t tinh hinh, cung CQDT lay ldi khai ban d i u cac ddi tugng, kilm dim d i y du man vat, chup lai cac tii li^u ban diu, dinh hudng dat cBu hdi trang ciu giam dinh va phucmg an xir ly vat chihig, nudi giii vat chirng la DVHD con sdng.
- Khi kilm sat viec tnmg cau giam dinh loai, bg phan, san p h i m DVHD, phii chu y tnmg c i u ddi vdi vdi co quan CO tham quyen giam dinh tu phap. Hien nay co quan giam dinh phuc vu viec cap phep theo cdng udc CITES c6 trudng hgp khdng phai la C o quan giam dinh tu phap. Nlu m l u vat thu giii qua nhieu hoac khd khan cho viec di chuyen thi thirc hien viec giam dinh tai chd bang each mdi Giam dinh vien toi, thay vi gui mlu vjt di giam dinh; chu dgng trao ddi voi chuyen gia d l cd t h i nhan dien nhanh ban diu bing each gui anh qua zalo, viber, email... hoac p h i n m I m nhan dien chuyen biet do Td chiic Bao tdn DVHD (WCS) Viet Nam, td chiic bao ve B V H D
khac hd trg.
- Khi kiem tra, xac minh va kiem sat viec lap hd so giai quyet ngudn tin ve tdi pham DVHD cua CQDT, c a quan dugc giao nhiem vu tien hanh mgt sd boat dgng dieu tra can chu y tmh hgp phap, lien quan va khach quan cua chiing cii thu thap dugc.
Trudng hgp vat chimg gdm nhieu loai, nhieu loai phai cd bang ke chi tiet trong dd md ta tinh trang cdn sdng hay da chet ddi vdi cac ca the dgng vat va chu y phuang an ciru hd, tai lieu ban giao cho cdc trung tam cim hg, c a quan quan ly chuyen nganh;
kilm sat viec tam dmh chi viec giai quyet ngudn tin v l tdi pham, dam bao theo diing quy dinh ciia Dilu 147, Dilu 148 BLTTHS nam 2015; kilm sat viec phuc hdi giai quyet ngudn tin ve tdi pham.
- Khi k i l m sat trong giai doan khdi td vu an hen quan d i n vat chiing la DVHD, phai chu y k i l m sat viec xu ly vat chimg dam bao thuc hien dung theo quy dinh tai D i l u 47 BLHS nam 2015, Dilu 106 BLTTHS nam 2015, Nghi q u y l t sd 05/20I8/NQ-HDTP ngay 05/11/2018 cua Hdi ddng T h i m phan Tda an nhan dan tdi cao hudng d i n ap dung Dilu 234 v l Tdi vi pham quy dinh v l bao ve DVHD va D i l u 244 v l Tdi vi pham quy dinh ve bao ve ddng vat nguy c i p , quy, hiem ciia BLHS va cac van ban phap luat khac, Nghi dinh sd 06/2019/ND-CP ngay 22/01/2019 cua Chinh phu v l quan ly thuc vat rimg, ddng vat rimg nguy cap, quy, h i l m va thuc thi Cdng udc ve budn ban qudc t l cac loai ddng vat, thuc vat hoang da nguy c i p ; xac dinh ca quan quan ly chuyen nganh v l DVHD la C o
sAw(riMnn7/M191\
Tap chi KIEMSAT 6 3
gfefltf mdm 59 ndm thanh lap (Viin kiem mi nhdn ddn (26/7/1960 26/7/2019^
quan Kiem Iam vi ed thi xii Iy ngay vat chiing Ii ca thi hoac bd DVHD sau khi cd kSt qui giim dinh, tuy nhien khi tiSu buy hoac thi dpng vit ve mdi tnidng cu tru tu nhien phii lap bien bin, ehup anh, ghi hinh theo dung quy dinh.
- Qua trinh kiem sit viec giii quylt ngudn tin ve tpi pham, VKS cd thd true tiep tham gia cac hoat ddng khim nghi?m hien trudng, Iiy Idi khai... hoac yeu ciu CO quan cd thim quyen dieu tra cung eip hd so tii lieu de kilm sit.
Khi phit hipn viec tiep nh$n, giii quyet ngudn tin tdi ph^m ve DVHD khdng day du, vi pham phip iu$t thi VKS cii Kiem sat vien trao ddi tryc tilp hoic ban hinh van bin yeu ciu CQDT, co quan dupe giao nhiem vu tien banh mpt sd boat ddng dieu tra thye hien cie boat ddng tiep nhin, kiem tra, xae minh, ra quylt dinh giii quyet ngudn tin ve tdi pham diy du, diing phap luit; kiem tra viec tiep nhin, giai quyet ngudn tin ve tdi pham vi thdng bio ket qua eho VKS; cung eip tii lieu ve vi pham phip luit trong viec tiep nhin, giii quyet ngudn tin ve tpi pham.
Khi phit hien vi pham, thieu sdt trong hoat ddng dieu tra, VKS phii chu ddng trao ddi vdi Dieu tra vien, Thu trudng, Phd Thii trudng CQDT de khic phyc vi pham phap luat va xii Iy nghiem ngudi vi pham.
- Yeu ciu thay ddi Dieu tra vien. Can bd dieu tra neu phit hien cd diu hieu vi pham phip Iuat trong boat ddng dieu tra.
- Neu cd tranh chip ve tham quyen giai quyet ngudn tin ve tdi pham do viec van chuyen, budn bin, san bit lien tinh
DVHD thi VKS xem xet giii quylt kip thdi theo quy dinh.
- Die biet, chu y viec bio quin, nudi dudng DVHD khi bit giir, ti-inb tiudng hpp khi bit giii eie ei thi dang khde manh, nhung khdng biet chim sdc nen bi ylu di hoae bi chit. Mat khac, ein phii dim bio an toan eho cin bd CQDT, ngudi dan, vi cd nhilu loai DVHD, neu khdng dupe nudi giii diing cich mi thoit ra ngoii se giy nguy hiem den tinh mang, sue khde eiia con ngudi. Trudng hpp niy, VKS chii y yeu ciu CQDT hoac ty minh trao ddi vdi cie eo quan Kiem lim, Trung tam ciiu hd DVHD, cic chuyen gia de lua chpn phuang in nudi giii tdi uu nhat.
- Chu y thu doan pham tdi sii dung giiy phep giy nudi, van ehuyen DVHD de quay vdng, van chuyen, budn bin bit hpp phap DVHD.
Trudng hpp ddi tupng khdng khai bao, khai bio it mdt, khai bio tham dd dl tim cich ddi phd vdi eo quan chue nang, mac du chua du cin cii dl khdi td vl tpi mua bin ti-ai phep DVHD hoac cie tdi khic thi ein cung cd ehiing cii dl xem xet khdi td hanh vi tang trii hoac van chuyin DVHD ddi vdi nhiing trudng hop bit qua tang, sau do cd thi thay ddi quylt dinh khdi td vy an, khdi td bi can sau.
- Kiem sit viec xae dinh ehu sd hiiu va ldi eua cic chu sd hiiu phuong tien giao thdng chuyen chd DVHD, eie loai vu khi, cdng cu hd trp... thu giii dupc khi truy bit ddi tirpng dl ed cin cii quylt dinh viee xii ly eac vat chung nay theo quy dinh.d
I Tapchi
6 4 I KIEMSAT_^ / So 14{thang 7/2019)