NGHIEN cuu & UNG DUNG
DAY HOC CHEO Ci TRtfCiNC THPT THEO NO HINH DAY HOC Dtf AN CO Stf HO TRO CUA CNTT
Cd th8 thay mpt thuc tr^ng te- xa hpi ciing nhu ci trong trong giio due hien nay li GD&DT. Khdng chi vdi y hpc sinh (HS) it hung thii, nghia li cic dy an diu tu, lien quan tim den nhijng npi dung ket, phit trien giio due mi day hpc lien quan den vin dy an cdn dugc sir dung nhu hgc, van hda din gian. Vai mpt phuang phip day hgc trd nen ting cua vin hoc din
gian (VHDG) ddi vdi nen van hgc, vin hda din tpc da dupe khing dinh vi de cao. Viec
(PPDH) het siic hi?u qui.
''Day hgc du dn Id mgt PPDH phuc hgrp, trong do, ngu&i hgc thuc hiin mpt giio due cho HS hieu vi yeu nhiem vu hgc tap phirc hgp^
thich VHDG trong bdi cinh co su kit hap giira ly thuyet xi hdi du nhip d at van hda vd thuc hdnh, tgo ra cde sdn ngoai Iai Ii mdt bii toin khd phdm co thi giai thieu. Nhiem ddi vdi ngudi day. Dieu niy vu ndy duge ngu&i hgc thuc ddi hdi giao vien (GV) phai
cd long nhiet tinh, su say me VHDG vi ci su sing tao trong cich thiic td chiic day hgc.
Day hpc du in (DHDA) dupe ip dung nhieu trong cic mdn khoa hpc tu nhien, nhiing mdn hpc cd san phim nghien ciiu true quan, rieng mdn ngir van lai dupe ap dyng rat de dat. Trong pham vi bai viet niy, ngudi viet chi xin dua ra mdt quy trinh day hpc du in cu the cho mdt ndi dung day hgc cy the: "'Xiiy Vdn gid dgi"
trich vd cheo ""Kim Nham" - Sich giio khoa (SGK) Ngir van 10, Tip 1, ning cao.
1. Vai tro cua DHDA doi vdi viec phat trien nang luc toan dien cho HS
Khii niem du an dupe hieu
hiin v&i tinh tu luc eao trong todn bo qud trinh hoc tdp"
[TL 2; tr 89,90]
Nhu viy, trong DHDA, GV cd the su dung nhieu PPDH khic nhau nhu day hgc neu van de, day hgc tinh hudng,...quan trgng vi chii yeu nhit li day hpc nhdm.
Qui trinh thuc hien du in Ii mdt qui trinh gin ly thuyet vdi thuc hanh, tu duy vi hinh ddng, nhi trudng vi xa hpi.
Do dd, viec hgc tip ciia HS khdng chi mang tinh chit nghien curu - Iy luan mi cdn mang tinh xi hgi - thuc tien.
Mpi khiu trong DHDA tu chuan bi, len ke hoach, tien hinh thuc hien vi dinh gii du in deu hudng tdi HS li trung tam. HS ludn li ngudi chii dpng, tham gia v i tu chiu theo nghia phd thdng li mdt trich nhiem trong giii quyit de in, du thio hay ke hoach nhiem vu hpc tap.
vi dugrc diing phd bien trong Vdi su lid trp ciia CNTT hiu het cac ITnh vuc kinh vi phuang ti?n day hpc hien
Ngay nhdn bdi 05/4/2013. Ngdy duyit dang 25/4/2013 1 4 - TAP CHI THIET BI GIAO DUC - SO 93 - 05/2013
Nguyen Thj Mai Huong Tru&ng Bgi hgc Hong Dm:
dai nhu bi^n nay thi DHDA dang trd nen cd nhieu uu thl.
Trong bdi canh hdi nhap, DHDA cd vai trd tich c\rc trong vi?c phit trien nang lye toin di?n cho ngudi hpc. HS khdng chi dugc ren luy^n, cimg cd ve chuyen mdn hoc thuat mi cdn dugc lim quen vdi vi?c lip ke hoach cho rapt boat dpng hgc tip, hpc cich thu thip, xir ly thdng tin. Qua DHDA,^ HS cd didu kien di phit trien ning luc giao tiep xa hdi, ben canh dd, lim viec nhdm Ii mdi trudng thuan led de HS phit huy tinh tich cyc, tu luc, tu lip, tinh than trach nhiem, tinh thin cdng tic lim viec, hgc cich ling nghe, trinh biy vi bio ve y kien ciia minh trudc tip the. De thyc hien du an, cic budc, cac khau thudng dupe phin cong theo sd trudng, the manh ciia cic thinh vien trong nhom.
Cich lam nay khdng chi thu hiit hiing thii cua HS mi con giup cic em dinh gii duac diem manh, diem yeu cua ban than tir dd phit huy thl manh, ban che diem yeu. Thdng qua cic du in hgc tap, ngudi hoc cd the tim dupe dinh hudng phit trien trong tuang lai.
Nhu vay, vdi phucmg phap DHDA, ngudi hgc dU9C phat huy toin dien vi toi da ning luc, sd tmdng, tinh tich c\rc boat dpng ciia bin than.
Con ngudi sach vd trong xa hpi xua dupe thay bing con
NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG ngudi hanh ddng, con ngudi
xa hdi, hoin toin phii hap voi dinh hudng phit tri^n con ngudi theo tirih binh cy the dat nude hien nay. Bdi xet den cimg, con ngudi Ii nhan td tdi quan trgng ciia rnpt dit nude, mudn phit triin con ngudi phii diu tu phit triin giio dye de den lupt minh, con ngudi quay trd lai xiy dyng, phit trien dit nude.
2. Day hgc bai "A'lij' Van gid dgp' (cheo "A'/m Nham"- SGK Ngu- van ldp 10, Tap 1, ning cao) theo md hinh DHDA
2.1. Mo td du dn Tron^ chucmg trinh Ngu vin phd thdng, VHDG dugc dua vio vdi dung lupng khiem tdn (SGK Ngii van ldp 10- Tap 1). Do su gd bd ve thdi lupng chuang trinh, tic gii SGK khdng the dua toin bp cic the loai ciia VHDG vio npi dung day hgc mi chi chgn Ipc nhiing tic pham tieu bieu.
Ben canh nhiing the loai tu su (thin thoai, truyen thuyet, cd tich..), van van (ca dao, ve..) quen thupc ciia VHDG thi HS it dugc lim quen vdi cheo - mdt the loai sin khiu din gian mang tinh nguyen hgp bet siic die sic. Cheo ehi dupe dua vio day trong chuang trinh Ngii van ldp 10- 'Tap 1- Nang cao: trich doan
"Xuy Vdn gid dgf (vd cheo
"Kim Nham"). Ndi dung bii day khdng phii li Ii thuyet trim tugn^, Iai duac phin bd theo tien trinh, nim trong cum nhung bii vl VHDG khac, t h u ^ Igi cho vice thuc hien nhiem vu hpc tap (ciing cd. Hen he, so sinh).
Bii hpc chira nhilu phin
kien thiic mi GV cd the phat huy vai trd ngudi din dit, HS ehu dgng hpc tip, ITnh hpi.
Khi trien khai day hpc, GV cd the dua ra du in theo bii hpc. Bii hpc chinh Ii mpt du in hpc tip vdi chii de ehinh Ii tieu de bii hgc (ho^c la mgt tieu de khic do GV ho^c HS de xuit sit vdi ndi dung bii hpc)
Nhiem vy hpc tip mi HS phii thyc hien se bam sit theo chuan kien thiic vi kT nang cin dat: tim hieu, viet bai gidi thieu ve the loai cheo ndi chung vi vd cheo
"Kim Nham" ndi rieng; cic npi dung cua bai hpc gan vdi viec thiet ke Powerpoint hoic Mindmap; bii thio luin hoac tu luin ciia HS ve tinh xa hpi ciia bii hpc.
2.2. Quy trinh thuc hien a. Chudn bi dudn Bu&c 1: Xic dinh chu de, muc tieu du in
Xuit phit tir npi dung bai bpc, GV ggi y hoac de xuat ten du in (khuyen khich dl xuat tir phia HS). Cd thl Iiy ten du an li: "Nghe giuc trdng cheo bi bung di xem"
Hoic: "Gi&i thiiu ve cheo, va cheo "Kim Nham" vd thdo ludn vi dogn trich "Xuy Vdn gid dgi".
Muc tieu day hgc: GV xic dinh muc tieu day hgc bim sit chuin kiln thirc, chuin kT ning mi Bd Giio dye vi Dao tao dl ra. Cu thl la:
- Kiln thiic: Hilu ve mot thl loai VHDG mang tinh nguyen hpp, die sic cua dan tpc; Nim dupe ndi dung vi y ngliTa ciia vd cheo qua doan trich (trgng tiin); Thiy dugc su the hi?n the gidi ndi tim
mpt cich dac sac cua Xuy Vin trong doan trich (ttpng tam); Ciing cd hieu biet ve dge trung VHDG.
- KT ning: Ren luyen va phit trien ki ning thu thip, phin tich, xir li vi trinh biy thdng tin trudc tip the; Ren luyen kT ning lam vi?c nhdm, ling dyng cdng ngh? thdng tin; Budc diu biet each len ke hoach cho mgt boat dpng hpc tip.
- Thii dp: Tu hio ve nen van hda, VHDG; Bdi dip long yeu thich VHDG; Gdp phin vao viec bao tdn vi phat huy bp mdn nghe thuat die sac nay.
Bu&c 2: Xay dung bp ciu bdi djnh hudng, lap danh sich tii lieu tham khao
Bp cau hoi djnh hudng:
day chinh li cdng cy dinh hudng de GV hudng dan HS tim hieu bii hpc diing trgnjg tim va muc tieu cin dat. Ddi vdi npi dung hpc tap niy, bd ciu hdi dinh hudng bao gdm:
- Nhdm cau hdi ciing cd kiln thiic vl VHDG: Khai niem, Die trung, He thong thd loai?
- Nhdm cau hdi tim hieu khii quit ve cheo: Khii niem, dac trung, cac giai doan hinh thinh va phat trien?
- Nhdm ciu hdi tim hieu ye vd cheo "Kim Nham":T6m tit vd cheo Kim Nham?
- Nhdm ciu hdi tim hieu ve doan trich "Xuy Vdn gid dgi": Vi tri, xuit xii doan trich? Tinh canh bi kich ciia Xiiy Van? Cd phii tat ci nhiing Idi hit cua Xiiy Vin deu li ldi dien dai khdng?
Ldi nio li ldi ndi that? Tim trang rdi bdi ciia nhin vat:
TAP CHI THIET BI GIAO DUC-SO 93-05/2013 ' I S
Ill
NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG Tam trang n h i n v i t dugc the hien nhu the n i o qua nhirng ldi hit? (Mong udc cua n h i n vat, mong udc i y cd chinh d i n g khdng, cd thuc hi?n dupe khdng, bi kjch ciia nhan v i t la gi?) Nghp thuat dien t i t i m trang phirc tap qua nhimg ldi hit cua nhan vit? Lien be:Xiiy Van cd the dupe xem la n h i n vit nii ndi loan, theo em, trong xa hgi xua, nhin vit nir (trong v i n hpc) n i o ciing duoc xem l i ndi loan?
- Nhdm ciu hdi thio luin, lien he thuc te: Nhan xet ve ddi sdng cua cheo ndi neng v i cac hinh thirc sin khau d i n gian ndi chung trong giai doan hien nay (thuc trang, nguyen nhin v i giai phip)?
Thii do, tinb cam cua ca nhan ddi vdi bd mdn nghe thuat niy? Hanh ddng cy the ciia b i n thin n h i m gdp p h i n b i o tdn v i phit huy nen v i n hda v i n nghe dan gian? M d rdng tucmg quan so sinh vdi c i c loai hinh sin khau d i n gian khic (mdng, miia rdi nude) v i loai hinh sin khau bien dai (kich ndi).
Danh sich tai lieu tham khao: GV lap danh muc tii lieu tham k h i o de dinh hudng cho HS tim dpc, nghien ciiu, bao gdm ca tai lieu ciing v i tii lieu mem: SGK Ngu v i n idp 10, T i p 1, ning cao; Tii dien thuat ngii van hoc, Tran Dinh Su, Le B i Han, NXB G i i o due, 2003; Tu lieu tham k h i o v i n hpc Viet Nam, T i p 1- Van hoc d i n gian, NXB Giao due, 1975; Day hpc theo chuan kien thirc, kT ning, NXB Dai hoc S u p h a m , 2012.
Bu&c 3: Tao nhdm lam viec
GV hudng d i n HS ehia nhdm l i m vipc: theo danh sich lap, td h o i c theo vj tri chd ngdi.
b. Triin khai to chuc thuc hign Bu&c 1: Thyc hipn dy i n hpc t i p
G i i o vien: Ndj ro y do td chiic day hpc de HS nam dugc, neu chii de bii hgc;
Giao nhipm vy hgc t i p cho tirng nhdm:
Nhdm 1: Nghien ciiu nhdm c i u hdi ciing cd kien thiic ve VHDCJ v i tim hieu khii quit ve cheo.
Nhdm 2: Nghien ciiu nhdm c i u hdi ve vd cheo
"Kim Nham" va ve doan trich
"Xuy Vdn gid dgi".
Nhdm 3: Chuan bi nhdm c i u hdi t h i o luan, lien he thyc te; Chuin hi mdt sd clip cheo tieu bieu; Xuy Vdn gid dgi - trich vd cheo "Kim Nham";
Thi Mdu len chua - trich vd cheo "Quan Am Thi Kinh";
Tudn Ti - Ddo Hui - trich vd cheo "Chu Mdi Thdn"
Nhdm 4: Td chiic, dieu hinh, d i n chuang trinh;
Cung c i p tai lieu tham k h i o cho HS.
Hpc sinh: C i c nhdm t h i o luin v i phin cdng cdng viec cy the den timg thinh vien ciia nhdm (cd the giao nhiem vu theo sd trudng, sd thich ciia cac thanh vien); Lien he vdi GV de dupe giiip da trong q u i trinh thuc hien nhiem vy hpc t i p (true tiep hoae qua thu dien tir); H o i n thinh s i n p h i m hpc tap it nhat mdt n g i y trudc khi trinh b i y dy i n de GV cd the gdp y, sira ddi v i thdng nhit s i n p h i m cudi Cling.
Bu&c 2: Trinh b i y du i n
Gid d^y theo md hinh day hpc dy i n cd su dieu ehinh sy the hien vai trd cua nguoi day v i ngudi hpc. Toin bp n9i dung hpc tap dupe thilt ke tren phan mem trinh chiiu Powerpoint h o i c Mindmap.
GV l i ngudi dimg sau dieu ehinh, hudng d i n , HS ty the hien nhiing npi dung da chuin bi.
Nghe thuat cheo l i nghf thuat tdng hpp, cd sy phoi hap nhuin nhuyen giira kjch b i n , Idi hit, ddng tic miia va i m nhac. Mdi vd cheo thucmg CO mdt h o i c vii cinh die s5c, the hien t i p trung gia tri tac p h i m , "Xuy Vdn gid daf la mdt trong nhimg doan hay nhat cua cheo cd Viet Nam.
P h i n quan trpng nhit trong mdt vd cheo l i kich ban ch^o, song su h i p d i n ciia cheo li cr nghe thuat bieu dien. Do vay, viec ket hap giiia day hpc kich b i n cheo v i nghe thuat bieu dien se giiip tim hieu gia tri doan trich mpt cich toan dien ban, gid hpc se trd nen sinh ddng v i h i p dan ban.
Gid hpc tren ldp se dupe tien h i n h theo tien trinh sau:
- GV gidi thieu bii mdi sau dd trd ve vi tri "ban giam k h i o " .
- HS thio luin, dua ra y kien, quan diem ciia minh:, cau hdi thio luin 1,2.
- HS trinh b i y k i t qua tim tdi, nghien ciru cua minh ve ndi dung hpc t i p .
- HS thio luin: cau hoi thao luan 3
- GV tdng k i t b i i hgc.
c. Bdnh gid du dn HS nhin nhan lai qua trinh thuc hi^n dy i n , tu rut ra n h i n xet.
1 6 -TAP CHI THIET BI GIAO DUC - SO 93 - 05/2013
NGHIEN cuu & UNG DUNG HS tiep thu nhein xet dinh
gii tu phia GV.
Tdng hop dinh gii, nit ra kinh nghipm cho nhiing du in tiep theo.
3. Kit luan
Nam trong djnb hudng chung cua viec phat trien nen giio dye hien d^i, ddi mdi PPDH li khiu v6 eiing quan trgng. Bdi cung mpt khdi lugng kien thiic nhung cich thiie td chire day hgc khic nhau se dua tdi nhung hieu ling khic nhau tir phia ngudi hgc. Do tinh nguyen hgp eiia cheo nen vipc giiiig day theo phuang phip truyen thdng khd mi truyen tii dugc nhung net die sac cua cheo eiing nhu khcri gpi dupe hiing thii hpc tip cua HS. Day hpc cheo theo md hinh DHDA
ket hpp vdi img dyng CNTT se phit huy dupe vai trd tieh cyc, chil ddng, sing tao, khai diy hiing thii hpc tap ciia HS, gdp phan vio viee ddi mdi PPDH, ning cao bieu qui dgy hpc Ngii vin. Trong trudng hop li tudng md hinh day hpc niy se tao ra tic ddng tich cue ve phia HS ddi vdi viec gin giii vi phit huy nghe thuat truyen thdng cua din tpc.
Tai lieu tham khao 1. Trin Bi Hoinh, Doi m&i PPDH, chuang trinh vd SGK, NXB Dai hoc Su pham H.2006.
2. Bemd Meier, Nguyen Van Cudng, Ly ludn day hoc hien dgi- Mgt so vdn di doi m&i PPDH, Tai lieu dio tao
thac sT Dai hgc Su pham H.
2012.
3. Sach gido khoa NgU vdn 10, tap I. Ndng cao, NXB Giio dye, 2012.
4. Bgy hgc theo chudn kiin thuc, ki ndng, NXB Dai hgc Supham, 2012.
5. Hu&ng ddn thuc hien chudn kiin thirc, kindng mon Ngir vdn l&p 10, NXB Giio dye Viet Nam, 2010.
Summary: Nowadays, high- school pupils find it less interesting to study such subjects related to traditional culture and folklore. 'Cheo' is one ofthe genres m folklore.
Teaching ' cheo' with the support from IT will not only improve pupils' activeness and creativity but also insprise them to leam.
VAN DUNG PHlTdNG P H A P »•
(...liep trang 13)a. Cdng thiic cau tao cua etilen: , etilen cd chiia LK
b. Etilen chiy tao thinh....vi
c. Etilen lim mit miu dung dich
d. Phin tii etilen kit hgp vdi nhau tao thinh polietilen, pii kilu nhu viy ggi la^
3. tfng dung
Etilen dung dl dieu che
Goc ap dung: (10 phiit) _ a. Muc tieu: Tir philu hd trq kiln thirc ciia GV, HS cd the ip giii bii tap.
b. Nhiem vu:
* HS nghien ciiu nOi dung trong bing ho trp sau:
* HS hoin thinh cic bii
tap trong phieu hpc tap sd 3.
Phieu hoc tap so 3 Bii tap 1: Dpc ndi dung d phieu hd trp. Ghi kit qui vio d trdng trong bing sau:
Bii tip 2,4 Sgk trang 119.
Tai lieu tham khao 1. Cic tie gii, Dy an Viet Bi, Ap dung dgy hgc tich cue trong mon Khoa hoc, Tu Nhien xd hoi &
CBSp vd THCS, NXB DHSp, H. 2003.
2. Bd GD&DT, Du in Viet Bi, Mot so phuang phdp vd ky thudt dgy hgc, NXBDHSP, 2010.
3. GS.TS. Trin Bi Hoinh, Doi m&i phuang
phdp dgy hpc, chuang trinh sdeh gido khoa, NXB DHSP, H. 2006.
Summary Learning stations is understood to mean a method of organising teaching activities where learners ferform different tasks in different places in the classroom, ensuring that learners can learn in depth and comfortably.
The tasks in different comers should be different in nature and might also be different in terms of content.
TAP CHI THIFTB! GIAO DUC-SO 93-05/2013 • 1 7