CHUYEN MUC
VAN HOC - N G O N N G O - HOC - NGHIEN CIJ'U VAN HOA NGHE THUAT
DU KY HAN NOM VA DU KY QU6C NGU"
DAU THE KY XX - TU" GOC NHJN SO SANH
TRAN THjTU NHI"
Du ky Viet Nam tir thdi trung dai den thdi hien dai da cd su van ddng, chuyen bien ndi tai de tao nen dien mao rieng Giu'a du ky Han Ndm thdi trung dai va du ky Quoc ngCr diu the ky XX, sir khac biet khdng chi ve ngdn ngu ma cdn ve noi dung va nghe thuat. Ve ndi dung, su khac biet giu'a du ky Han Ndm va du ky Quoc ngu' the hien d cac phuong dien nhu: thien hudng chu tinh va chu su, pham vl phan anh, nguyen tac chuyen dich thim my, tinh chat nguyen hgp... Ve nghe thuat, diem phan biet giu'a du ky Han Ndm va du ky Quoc ngCr li nghe thuat ngon tir, yeu td huyen thoai, ky ao...
TCr khoa: du ky qudc ngO', du ky Han Ndm, so sanh, khac biet, tuang ddng Nhin bii ngay: 3/5/2018; dua vao bien tap: 5/5/2018; phan bien: 9/7/2018; duyet dang. 4/9/2018
I.MdDAU
Du ky la the tai van hpc x u i t hien t u r i t sdm trong lich su van hpc Viet Nam. L l y viec thudng du, ngoan canh, di va xem lam cam hung nghe thuat cho viec sang tac, du ky ddng gdp cho nen van chuang nude nha nhilu tac pham cd gia tri. Ben canh gia trj van chuang, cac tac p h i m du ky cdn ham chua nhilu gia trj khac ngoai van hpc nhu gia trj sir hpc, xa
" Trudng Dai hoc Quy Nhon.
hdi hoc, van hda hpc, dja phyang hpc... Moi tac p h i m du ky xen vdi viec ke ta, nha van thudng the hien nhCrng nghT suy ve t h i sy, ve "xua va nay", v l "ngudi va ta", qua dd gu'i g I m khat vong cua minh {nhu khat vpng doi thay d i t nydc, khat vpng mdt cupc sdng tdt dep, t y do,...). Trong sudt chilu dai phat trien cua van hpc Viet Nam, the tai du ky da cd su chuyin doi t u du ky viet b i n g chi> Han Ndm sang du ky v i i t bang chu Quoc ngO'.
d mdi ngdn ngQ', the tai du ky mang d i u I n rieng cua thdi dai, bdi canh
28 TRANTHITUNHI . DU KY HAN N O M V A D U KV QUOC NGO'. . Ijch su va t u duy ngudi cam bCiL Do
dd, ben canh nhii'ng diem tygng ddng, du ky cua hai pham tru van hpc trung dai va hien dai se cd nhtrng diem khac biet.
De chi ra sy tuang ddng va khac biet v l the tai du ky giCra hai thdi ky, chung tdi tien hanh tim hieu mdt sd tac pham du ky Han Ndm tieu bilu d thdi trung dai nhu Due Thuy son Linh Te thap ky cCia Truang Han Sieu, Thugng kinh ky su cija Le Hij'u Trac, Du Phat Tich san ky cija Pham Dinh Hd... Ben canh dd, nhung tac p h i m du ky Qudc ngii' thdi hien dai, dac biet d d i u t h i ky XX, cung dugc khao sat de lam sang rd dac diem loai biet vdi du ky Han Ndm, nhu Huong Son du ky, Tray chua Huong cua Pham Quynh, Lai tdi thin kinh cua Nguyen Tidn Lang. . Trong qua trinh phan tich, de chung minh cho cac luan diem cua minh, chiing tdi md rdng xem xet mdt sd tac pham du ky Han Ndm va Qudc ngO d cac giai doan phat triln vugt bac cua the tai nay nhu cuoi t h i ky XVIII - d i u the ky XIX, dau thd ky XX.
2. NHLPNG TU'aNG B 6 N G VA KHAC BIET GIU'A DU KY HAN NOM VA DU KY QU6C NGU" DAU T H ^ KY XX Su tilp ndi cua du ky tir trung dai sang hien dai nhu mdt quy luat t i t y i u cua ddng chay van hpc. De nhin nhan mach chuyen biln va qua trinh chuyen hda v l t u duy nghe thuat cua ngudi sang tac, bai viet se tim hieu sy tuang dong va khac biet gi&a du ky Han Ndm va du ky Qudc ngii' tren mdt so phyang dien.
2.1. Mdt sd net t u a n g dong Van hpc Qudc ngO giai dean giac thdi dugc xac djnh vdi hai tieu chi: 1) Van hoc sang tac b i n g chO' Qudc ngCr, loai chi> dugc xay dung tren he thong chu cai La tinh; 2) D u g c sang tac trong budc chuyin ttr van hpc trung dai sang van hpc hien dai, t u cudi t h i ky XIX d i n d i u t h i ky XX. Du ky Qudc ngO' giai doan giao thdi la mdt trong nhung thd tai ra ddi r i t sdm cOa nin van hpc hien dai, the hien sy chuyen ddi he hinh tham my t y trung dai sang hien dai. Theo each nhin he thdng, du ky Quoc ngu giai doan giao thdi la the tai dugc tiep noi t u du ky Han Ndm thdi trung dai, dugc ke thCra va biln doi cho phu hgp vdi t u duy con ngudi thdi dai mdi, phij hap vdi tiln trinh phat trien cua van hpc trong qua trinh hdi nhap van chu'ang thd gidi.
Khao sat he thdng du ky Han Ndm va du ky Qudc ngd', ta d l dang nhan ra sy gap gd trong pham vi d l tai, cac mang hien thyc. Hai the tai du ky ddu d l cap nhung v i n d l lien quan d i n ddi song hien thyc nhu phong canh, vien du, khao ciru van hda... Cac tac gia du ky tim tdi, khai thac cai dep cua thien nhien, the hien s u choang nggp trudc cudc sdng mudn mau ngi phugng xa x u la, kham pha cai hay, cai mdi me cua phong tuc, tap quan, III sdng cua nhilu viing miin khac nhau.
Trong ddng mach van xudi Han Ndm thdi trung dai, du ky Han Ndm x u i t hien ciing y thu'C du lam xuyen san ciia con ngudi mpi thdi dai. Quan
TAP CHi KHPA HQC XA HQI S6 6 (238) 2018 niem "thien nhan tuang cam" tir lau la nen tang tham my trong sang tac van chuang thdi trung dai. Du ky Han Ndm da ve nen nhtrng birc tranh thien nhien dpc dao ciia nhilu vung m i i n d i t nude nhu ddng Song Tien [Song Tien son ddng ky ciia Ngd Thi ST), canh Ho Tay {Tay Ho vO trung ky cua Pham Binh Ho), canh chiia Phat Tich (Du Phat Tich son ky ciia Pham Dinh Hd).,. D i n giai doan giao thdi, cac nha van van t i l p ndi tinh t h i n du lam tao nen nhilu du ky v i i t v l thien nhien dac s i c . Nhii'ng trang du ky Qudc ngii' mieu ta cai dep dpc dao cua thien nhien, nhu trong Chua Huong Tich - canh chua dep nhirt Bic Ky cua Trjnh Dinh R y (1929: 11): "Trydc khe hoa d d mai cheo, Tieng chim ddn khach ben deo vui tai. Cai thii em ai thiet cd nhu vay. V l mtia tray chiia, sudt ngay, dd ra dd vao, day tren mat suoi, cac dd gap nhau, chao nhau b i n g tiing nam vd vang dpng ca khe nui, khiln cho ngu'di ta mdi dd, tudng nhu la minh da thoat ra khdi vdng nhan gian, dya chgn vao nai Phat qudc"; hay canh vat Phii Quoc hien len lung linh, ky ao qua ngdi biit cua Mdng Tuylt trong tac p h i m Choi Phii Quoc: "Bdng nguyet long lanh, chilu xuong d i u non trang xda nhu may, nhy tuylt. Tram nghin tia bac, xien qua cay cd, lap loang tua mpt day lau dai d chon Bong Lai, ma khach du quan bang hoang tudng minh len tien canh" (dan theo Nguyin Hiru San, 2007, tap I:
320). Cai dep ciia thien nhien la yeu to d i u tien h i p dan bydc chan thydng ngoan cua cac tri thirc giai doan giao
thdi cung nhu cac tac gia cua du ky thdi trung dai.
0 d l tai v i i n du, du ky Han Ndm da tirng phac hpa hinh anh cua mdt dat nude each xa hang van hai ly nhu nude Phap trong Tay hanh kien van ky luge ciia Ly Van Phirc, Noi t i l p sau nay, Phan Huy Chii trong Hal trinh chi luge, Pham Phil Thir, Phan Thanh Gian, Dang Huy Trir trong Gia vien biet luc... t i l p tuc cung d p nhilu t u lieu quy gia trong viec t i l p can van hda phuang Tay. Phat t r i l n han d mang d l tai nay theo budc chan di b i n phuang cua cac tri thirc Tay hpc, hang loat du ky Quoc ngtr v i i t v l nam chau tir hai dugc ra m I t trong s u hao hire cua ddc gia nhilu td bSo d i u t h i ky XX, nhu Thuat chuyen du lich d Pari cua Pham Quynh, Han Man du ky cua Nguyin Ba Trac, Tren dudng Nam Phap cua Tiing Huang, Al Lao hanh trinh ciia T r i n Quang H u y l n . .
Cac tac p h i m du ky khao ciru van hda trong van hpc Han Ndm da cd nhirng thanh cdng trong phat hien cai hay cai dep trong ddi sdng vat chit, tinh t h i n ngudi VieL Pham Dinh Ho, Nguyen An trong Tang thugng ngau luc, Vu Phuang O l trong Cong du tiep (<)/...
deu khao ciru van hda cac viing m i i n d i t nude vdi Idi v i i t ti mi, chi tilt, van phong trang nha, chuan myc. Nhii'ng chuang muc nhu: Chua Quang Minh d Hau Bong trong Cdng du tiep ky ciia Vii Phugng De; Niil Cdn Ldn, Niil Phugng Hoang, Bdng Huyen Thien, Sdng Luc Bau trong Tuc cdng du tiep
TRAtg THI TU NHI - DU K t HAN NOM VA DU KY QUOC NGO...
ky ciia Tran Trg; Chua Tien Tich.
Thanh cu Trieu Khau, Chua Thien Mu, Ho Hoin Kiem, Cira kinh thanh trong Tang thugng ngau luc ciia Nguyin An la nhii'ng ang van diln hinh v l npi dung nay. Ndi tilp chu de nay, cac tac gia du ky giao thdi cung quan tam d i n khao ciru van hda d nhilu viing miin vdi nhii'ng chuyin di dai ngay, nhu:
Sa Be du ky (Nhac Anh Hoang Van Trung); Du Ngoc Tan ky, Du Tir Tram sgn ky, Bai ky chgl Co Loa, Cudc di choi nam tang niil, Cudc di chgi Sii Son (Tiing Van Nguyin Ddn Phuc);
Bai ky chol Chua Thay (Le Dinh Thang, Thu ky phu Thing su Bac Ky);
Sa; ky chgi Ban Thanh va den Hieu Trung (Trin Quang Hoang).,.
2.2. Sir khac biet
Ben canh diem chung la deu cd ndi dung phan anh hien thyc, giiJa hai t h i tai du ky Han Ndm va du ky Quoc ngii' d i u t h i ky XX cd mot so dilm khac biet trong each thirc va muc tieu the hien ndi dung nay.
2.2.1 Vi khuynh hudng til hien vi bleu hien hien thuc
Nha nghien cuu van hda, van hpc Trung Qudc, Ddng Khanh Binh (2006) cho ring: "Nghien ciru so sanh quan niem van hpc Ddng Tay, trudc dd thudng cho ring phuang Tay coi trpng tai hien, phuang Ddng coi trpng bilu hien... Van luan co dai phuang Ddng thudng it ban den v i n de 'chan thyc' ma van hpc phuang Tay thudng nhin manh, ma lai ban v l v i n d l 'chan thanh' (Trang TCr): 'cai gpi la 'chan' chinh la cue d i l m cua su chan
thanh. Khdng cd su chan thanh thi khdng t h i cam ddng dygc Idng ngudi". Van hpc trung dai Viet Nam v l ca ban dugc "birng trong" tir van hpc trung dai Trung Hoa (Nguyen Dang Na, 2001: 11), mdt n i n van hpc Idn cua phuang Ddng, do dd nhirng dac d i l m ca ban cua van hoc trung dai Trung Hoa d i u anh hudng d i n van hpc trung dai Viet Nam, trong do cd nguyen tac tham my ca ban la; d bit c u t h i tai nao, da la sang tac van chygng thi phai dung chira tinh cam, tinh cam la sgi day "niem" k i t ndi tac p h i m ty d i u d i n cuoi. Vi t h i , trong van xudi khuynh hudng "chu tinh" it khi bj cac tac gia trung dai pha vd. Viet Thugng Kinh ky su, Le Hiiu Trac mang nang tam tinh vdi cudc ddi, vdi su hung p h i cua qudc gia. Cac su kien d i l n ra trong tac pham chii yiu minh hpa cho tam tinh cua Lan Ong.
Trong khi dd, du ky Qudc ngtr d i u t h i ky XX chju anh hydng ciia phuang phap sang tac phuang Tay, nen khuynh hudng "chu su" chilm ITnh pho bien cac chi t i l t trong tac pham. Tinh cam van la nhan td thiic giuc ngydi Viet e l m bilt, nhung cac su kien mdi la dieu ngudi dpc d l dang tim thay vd la muc dich ciia ngudi viit. But phap Tay phuang anh hudng sau s i c d i n viec lua chpn chi tilt cCa cac tac gia giai dean giao thdi, vi t h i , trong sang tac cua hp, s y kien dan dat ngygi dpc di tir d i u d i n c u l i du ky. D i l u dd danh dau sy chuyen minh cua van hoc v i i t Viet Nam theo hudng hien dai, thoat ly d i n biit phap trung dai.
TAP CHl KHPA HOC XA HQI so 6 (238) 2018 Ciing k h i c hpa thien nhien nhung nha Nho quan niem trd v l vai thien nhien la v l vdi cdi nguon ciia cai dep. Tac gia trung dai xem thien nhien la nai di dudng tinh t h i n , nai the hien cai tam cua ngudi quan tir, nen chi mieu ta nhtrng net dep de, sang trpng, xda bd nhii'ng net thd nham cua hien thyc trong birc tranh phong canh. Di d i n bat ky nai nao, cac tac gia trung dai thudng chii y nhilu den thien nhien, canh s i c sdng niii ban la ke v l t h i tuc, each thirc sinh heat. Cac chi t i l t t r i n trui cua cupc sdng hien thuc it t h i y trong du ky Han Ndm. Chang han, doan mieu ta canh sac thien nhien nai ddng Nhj Thanh ciia Ngd Thi ST "...
Cui xudng ngang len nhin d i u dep...
Hai ben vach da, rdng hep khac nhau, ddng tay khult khiic, thach nhu rii xudng tua tua nhpn holt, nhieu doan phai cui d i u nghieng minh mdi qua dugc, hang nay dep la khdng t h i gpi ten h i t dugc". Ong nhu ve len birc tranh sgn thuy v l mdt khdng gian cd d i y dii niii non, hang ddng dep tir ben trong l i n ben ngoai: "Vira ra khdi ddng da thay day niii lien tiep, cay coi so le. Day la Tam Thanh, kia la Vpng Phu. Vao nui thi t h i y nude, h i t nydc thi hill lai x u i t hien, cQng la mdt canh dep thii vj ciia nui non...". Cai dep cua canh s i c niii sdng dugc tac gia chat Igc qua tirng chi tilt, mieu ta ti mi tirng ngdc ngach trpng hang, quang canh ngoai hang vdi niem say me, thich thii khdn ta.
Tinh t h i n lang du cOa con ngudi giai doan giao thdi d i u t h i ky XX da cd su
chuyen djch, ttr tim den thien nhien de di dudng tinh t h i n sang kham pha, phat hien hien thyc. Do dd, trong birc tranh canh vat cua hp khdng chi cd cai dep ma cd ca nhtrng d i l u can cai t?o, sira doi. Ben canh mieu ta cai dep thien nhien, cac tac gia giai doan nay cung chu y nhilu d i n viec mieu ta each thirc, l l thdi smh hoat cua con ngydi d viing d i t dat chan d i n . Net thd nham, khdng thuan m I t cua cudc song con ngudi da dugc ghi lai vdi tinh t h i n phe phan, y thirc xay dung, phat trien. Nhu T r i n Trgng Kim trong chuyin cdng vu xudng Hal Ninh da neu len nhilu quan d i l m cd gia trj de cai tao hinh anh ngudi Viet: "Nhan vira rdi tdi di kham trudng d ngoai Hai Ninh, thiy cd l i m cai phong tuc r i t l l y lam la va lai thiy cai cdng cudc ciia ngydi minh lam an d ngoai l y thi that la chan ngan lam. Vay tdi xin dem nhii'ng su tdi da trdng thay, nhtrng d i l u tdi da nghe t h i y de ndi chuyen hau cac ngai" (din theo Nguyen Hiru San, 2007, tap II; 25)
2.2.2. Ve pham vi khdng gian cua tac pham
Khdng gian duac mieu ta trong du ky Han Ndm ban hep han nhilu so vdi du ky giao thdi, cd le bdi kha nang Ijch duyet ciia nha Nho khdng nhilu nhu tri thirc giai doan giao thdi. Diem di chuyin cua cac tac gia trung dai bj ban c h i bdi d i l u kien xa hpi va d i l u kien sdng cua ca nhan. Khdng gian cua du ky p h i n nhieu gan liin vdi nai sinh hoat cua chu t h i tac gia: nai cdng can, sdng niii que hygng, nai nhan du
TRAN THI TU NHI - DU KV HAN N O M V A DU KY QU6C NGCT...
ngoan thudng... Du ky ciia Ngd Thi ST chii y i u khac hoa phong canh viing bien trin Lang San, nai tac gia dugc dilu ddng trin thu; ciia Pham Dinh Ho thi g i n bd vdi canh sac kinh thanh Thang Long trong thdi gian lam T l tii'u Qudc Tir Giam; cdn Ly Van Phirc viit Tay hanh kien van ky luge trong chuyin di sir sang Phap theo su dilu ddng cua vua Gia Long...
Vdi cac tac gia giai doan giao thdi, khdng gian phan anh trong du ky rdng Idn ban nhilu. Ndi nhu Nguyin Khic Xuyen. "Nhilu khi chiing ta tu cam thay, sdng trong d i t nude vdi giang son gIm vdc ma khdng bilt tdi nhtrng canh gam vdc giang sgn. Thi day, theo td Nam Phong, chiing ta cd t h i mdt phin nao lam lai cudc hanh trinh qua nhtrng phong canh hiing vT nhit, dep de nhit cua d i t nude chiing ta..."
(Nguyen Khic Xuyen, 2007: 33). Du ky Quoc ngii' da mang lai nhtrng kham pha thii vj, day ngd ngang v l khip mpi miin cua d i t nude. Han nu'a, trong bdi canh mdi, dilu kien di lai de dang ban, cac tac gia cdn thda sire phat hien nhu'ng nai mdi la ca d nude ngoai.
Qua hai tac gia tieu bieu cho hai giai doan van hpc la Ngd Thi ST va Pham Quynh ta cd the thiy su khac biet v l kha nang di chuyin, heat dpng ciia con ngudi cua hai thdi dai. Qua thyc.
Ngd Thi ST khdng cd nhtrng chuyin hanh trinh vugt bien gidi rdng khIp nhy Pham Quynh. Khdng gian mieu ta trong tac p h i m du ky Ngd Thi ST la viing bien t r i n Lang Sgn vdi nhii'ng
ddng Song Tien, ddng Nhj Thanh, niii Ma Yen, dinh Kinh Lugo. Cdn Pham Quynh v i i t r i t nhilu du ky v l nhilu m i i n d i t . Tinh rieng tren Nam Phong tap chi dng cd den 9 tac pham du ky, Trong dd, cd nhii'ng tac pham ke v l cac chuyin du hanh cua dng g ngoai bien gidi nhu Phap du hanh trinh nhat ky, Du lich xir Lao...
2.2.3. Ve cai tdi ciia ngudi cam but Trong tac p h i m ciia cac tac gia trung dai cai tdi bieu hien "tam chi dao" cua ngudi quan tir ndi chung, it mang xiic cam ca nhan. Trong 'Due Thuy son Linh Te thap ky", tir nhii'ng I n tygng ve thien nhien, canh vat, Truang Han Sieu lien tudng d i n su hung vong, thanh bai dugc mat cua cudc ddi...
de qua dd bdc Id ly tugng cua bac trugng phu. Cai tdi tac gia hda lan vao cai ta ciia r i t nhilu ke sT trong thien ha; "Than di, mai sau may tram nam nu'a, chdc lat canh ttrang bien doi, n i u lai cd ke budng Idi than thd nhu ta, le nao khdng cd vai ngudi nhu su Nhu xay dyng lai? Viec ay khdng doan t r y d c dugc! Cdn nhu non xanh nude b i l e , bdng thap in ddng, liic chilu ta budng chile thuyin con lenh denh d u d i niii, nang mai bong nhin quanh ngao n g h i , gd man thuyin ca khuc Thuong lang, thir sgi day cau tim phong each thanh tao ciia Tu' Lang, dao chai nai NgQ H6 hdi udc cu Dao Chu, thi canh nay, tinh nay, duy cd ta vdi non sdng nay bilt nhau ma thdi" (dan theo Nguyin Dang Na, 2001: 101). V i l t v l ngon thap Linh T l tren niii Due Thuy que hyang minh
TAP CHl KHPA HPC XA HPI s6 6 (238) 2018 nhung tac gia them vao r i t nhilu p h i n "trtr tinh ngoai d l " d l bdc Id khat vpng lan lao cua ngudi quan tCr.
Vdi ngygi v i i t , canh chi la cai cd 6^
bay td nhu'ng cam nghT v l trach nhiem, nghTa vu ciia dang trugng phu giu'a t h i cudc.
Cac tac gia du ky giao thdi thi khac, hp x u i t hien vdi cai tdi phan eye, cd sy chuyen djch v l trang thai, cam xiic, su chuyen djch trong khdng gian cung linh boat ban. Hp khdng dirng chan mdt chd ma di chuyin lien tuc d l mieu ta, xem xet, bdc Id y kiln rieng. Trong cai nhin the gidi ciia tac gia giao thdi cd t y tudng bien luan, danh gia da chilu, the hien ca tinh rieng. Hp khdng chi nggi ca ma cdn phe binh. Pham Quynh trong Tray chua Huong vira chii y d i n cac chi t i l t ta thyc nhy hanh trinh vao chiia: "Thuyin chay ca dem, udc tam gid thdi d i n B i n Due.
Khach len bd, cho thuyin dgi dd. Di mdt thdi dygng, qua m I y cai chg, roi den b i n dd sudi, la di dudng thang vao chiia"; each cung kilng ciia tang ni phat tii': ... d i u d nai l l bai kinh trpng cung ke di ngudi lai, ke dirng ngudi ngdi, ndi ndi cudi cudi, keu keu gpi gpi, dn ao Idn xdn... Lai them khdi hugng ngiin ngut, mill ngydi xdng nggt, t i i n g chudng, tieng trdng, tieng md dinh tai, dii khiln cho nha khao ciru nhu vao chdn me ly, chang bilt chd nao ma dd..." (dan theo Nguyen Hiru Sgn, 2007, tap III: 87, 92), neu len nhtrng han c h i trong to chirc b i n bai, tau thuyin, bay td quan d i l m cai thien hinh anh chua Huang: "Phai dat
ra tirng chuyin, djnh gia nhit djnh, han mdi chile chd bao nhieu ngydi la vira khdng dugc hgn... (dan theo Nguyen Hii'u San, 2007, tap III: 88) Tinh t h i n thyc chirng cua ngudi phuang Tay t h i hien r i t rd trpng biit phap du ky ciia Pham Quynh. Ong thich mieu ta chi t i l t tirng canh, tirng nai minh dat chan den, chi ra nhirng d i l u chua hay, chya dep theo quan diem ca nhan. Con m I t tinh lu'gng cua Pham Quynh khdng bd qua b i t ky canh tuang nao. Q mdi ngi, tac gia vira mieu ta, vira nhan xet. Cach viet du ky ciia Pham Quynh the hien su tdn trpng hien thyc khach quan va t y duy phan tich cua con ngudi thdi hien dai.
2.2.4. Ngdn ngir va nghe thuat the hien Trong du ky Han Ndm, chii' Han la chtl' vay mugn, phai qua mpt kenh chuyen dich nen ngudi dpc khdng the hilu mdt each tryc t i l p ndi dung ngudi v i i t girl gam. Cdn chii' Ndm thi phirc tap, chua hoan bi, khd ma dien dat tat ca d i l u tac gia mudn t h i hien. Ngugc lai, trong du ky Qudc ngtr, chir Qudc ngtr ghi am tiing ndi ciia ngudi Viet nen nd tryc tilp chuyin tai tam ty, tinh cam cua ngudi viit, khiln tac p h i m de dang dugc tiep nhan.
Tir du ky Han Ndm den du ky Qudc ngtr, nghe thuat t h i hien tac pham tu s y d y g c phat triln ban mpt budc.
Dac biet, nhii'ng chi tilt huyln thoai, ky ao vdn pho biln trong du ky Han Ndm, sang du ky QuIc ngii' da it dan, Du ky Qudc ngii' chii y truy tim g l c gac dja danh trong sir sach, tir kinh
TRAN THI TU NHI - DU KY HAN N 6 M V A DU KY QUOC NGCT..
Bang t h i n g ke t i n s u i t cua chi t i l t ky ao trong du ky Han N d m va Qudc ngii'
Loai hinh du ky
HSn Nom
Qu6c ngu Stt
1 2 3 4 5 6
TSc pham
Thuung Kinh ky sir Du Phat Tich san ky Due Thiiy san Linh T4 thap ky Huang san du ky Lai t&i th^n kinh Triy chua Huang
T i n s u i t x u i t hien ciia chi
ti6t k>' ao 18 12 11 9 3 4
Ty le tren tong s6 chi ti&t hien thyc vS ky ao trong tac pham
12%
2 1 % 19%
3%
1 % 1 % Nguon: Tran Thi Tii Nhi, 2016.
nghiem thuc chirng han la truy tim huyln thoai, cd tich v l canh vat.
Bang thing ke tren cho thiy, y i u td ky ao dudng nhu khdng phai la thii phap nghe thuat ma cac tac gia du ky giai doan giao thdi khai thac. D i l u nay hoan toan phti hgp vdi nhifng yeu cau can ban cua t h i loai du ky:
ghi chep v l ngudi that viec that, hoan toan tdn trpng s y that 0 du k^ Han Ndm, do ap luc ciia dac trung thi phap van hpc trung dai, yeu td ky ao dugc tac gia v i i t du ky Han Ndm sir dung mac du nd khdng phai la phuang thirc ky sy chii y i u . D i n cac tac pham du ky Qudc ngtr, y i u td ky ao dudng nhu chi cdn la cai cd de cac tac gia giai bay nhtrng suy nghT ca nhan theo hudng tam linh. Nd khdng anh hudng nhilu d i n ndi dung cung nhu phuang thirc ghi chep cua cac tac gia.
Tuy nhien, trong cac tac pham du ky Qudc ngu giai doan d i u t h i ky XX v i n cdn nhilu hinh anh, tir ngQ'... dang ddi te chinh cung nhy Idi van phong sao rdng. Ben canh Idi viit r i t Tay cua Pham Quynh thi v i n cdn mdt Tting
Van Nguyen Ddn Phuc trung thanh vdi each hanh van co dien.
2 2.5. Ve muc dich sang tao Ngudi v i i t du ky Han Ndm, tire cac tac gia trung dai, it quan tam d i n doi tugng t i l p nhan, trtr khi tac pham du ky cua hp thyc c h i t la nhii'ng ban tlu trinh sau chuyin tham quan nude ngoai cua cac sir t h i n . Chang han nhu Hai trinh chi luge cua Phan Huy Chii, Tay hanh nhat ky ciia Pham Phu Thir, Gii vien biet luc cua doan sir t h i n nha Nguyin do Pham Phil Thii' d i n d i u sang Phap va Tay Ban Nha vao nam 1863... Ngygc lai, du ky Qudc ngir da cd y thirc truyin ba kiln thirc nham "khai dan tri, c h i n dan khi".
Cac tac pham chu y i u dugc dang tai tren bao chi, trd thanh chile c i u dua t h i gidi d i n g i n ngudi dpc ban. Ttr dd, sy tuang tac giu'a ba y i u t l chii y i u ciia mpt qua trinh van hpc dd la tac gia - tac pham - ddc gia dugc diln ra met each iron ven.
3. K^T LUAN
Du ky trong van hpc Viet Nam cd qua trinh phat triln lau dai tir the tai du k^
TAP CHl KHPA HPC XA HQI so 6 (238) 2018 Han Ndm sang du ky Qudc ngtr. N i u du ky Han Ndm chiu anh hudng cua md hinh my hpc phuang Ddng thi du ky Qudc ngii' t i l n g i n ban d i n md hinh my hpc phuang Tay. Du ky Qudc ngtr, ben canh nhii'ng diem k l thira phat trien ttr du ky Han Ndm, cung cd nhii'ng doi mdi mang dau I n thdi dai, dd la s y thay doi t u duy van hda
phu.gng Ddng dydi anh hygng ciia van hda phugng Tay. Sy thay doi nay t h i hien rd nhat d cai tdi cua ngydi viit, ttr dd dan d i n nhiing thay doi trong Idi viit, each lya chpn chi t i l t dya vao tac pham... tao nen su ddt pha trong sang tao nghe thuat cua the loai van hpc du ky. •
TAI LIEU TRiCH D A N
1. Bill Duy Tan. 2004. Hgp tuyin van hgc tmng dai Viet Nam (thi ky X-XIX). Ha Npi; Nxb.
Gi^o due.
2. Ddng Khanh Binh. 2016. V l sw khac nhau trong quan niem van hoc Bong Tay.
http;//nguvan.hnue.edu.vn/Nghiencuu/Lyluanvanhoc/tabid/104/nev»stab/614/Defaullaspx, truy cap ngSy 20/6/2017.
3. Nguyen Dang Na. 2001. Van xudi tu su Viet Nam thai trung dai. Ha Npi: Nxb. Gi^o due.
4. Nguyen Hihi Son. 2007. Du ky Viet Nam Tap chi Nam Phong (1917-1934). tap II, III.
TPHCM: Nxb. Tre.
6. Nguyin Khic Xuyen. 2002. r/iuc luc phan tich Tap chi Nam Phong 1917-1934. Hud.
Nxb. Thuan Hda - Trung tam Van hda Dong Tay.
7. Trinh Oinh Ru. 1929. "Chiia Huong Tich - canh chiia dpp nhirt Bic Ky". Phu nir tin vin. sd 11.