NGHIEN C O U * TRAO {101
GIAI PHAP NANG CAO CHAT LlTdNG SAN PHAM
Du lich sinh th'M Bona Ih'dv
• TRAN THANH THAO UYEN Khoa Van hda - Du lich, Trid/ng Dgi hgc Bong Thap
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-iing ddng bSng sdng Cihi Long ndi chung va tinh Dong Thdp ndi rieng, cd nhilu thang cdnh dep, nhiiiig thii vui ty nhien tao ra dypc Idi the vd tiim nang phdt triin du hch sinh thai. Dong Thdp ndi tidng vdi cdc diem d t o g chdn thu vi nhd: Vydn qudc gia Tram Chim, khu du lich sinh thdi Gdo Gidng, khu di tich X^o Quyt, cum di tich Nguyin Sinh Sic... Khdng dtftig lai d dd, den vdi Ddng Thap du khdch cdn dupc thddng thu'c didu hd that da die't, nggt ngao yen nhifiig ddng sen bat ngan hay trdn cdnh ddng lua mdi canh cd bay. Cdc Idng nghe truyen thd'ng nhu: chieu Djnh Ydn, lang hoa kieng Sa Ddc, Idng ddng xudng rgch Ba Dai,... Hay cdc mdn dn ddc sdn; qu^t hdng Lai Vung, xoai Cao Lanh, bddi Phong Hda, nam Lai Vung, mdn Hda An, banh phdng tdm Sa Giang, hu tie'u Sa Ddc... cung Id nhifng Idi the' du lich, thu hut khdch tham quan va thydng thiic. Dong Thdp la mdt dia danh du lich gidu tiem ndng nhuhg van chya dypc khai thdc hi§u qud. Do tour tuyen du lich khd ddn gidn, Ioai hinh vui chdi gidi tri cdn ddn sd. nen khd cdthd gia chdn dUpc du khach. Ben cgnh dd, cdn cd nhilu khd khan nhU: thieii ngudn nhan lyc, khu an udng nho hep, san pham du Hch cdn ban che', phUdng tien phyc vy du lich it, nhan vien chUa cd day du trinh dd chuydn mdn ndn phong each phuc vu thie'u tinh chuydn nghidp... Dd cilng la nhiing nguyen nhan khid'n du khach vdn chua man ma vdi Dong Thdp.
1. Tong quan v l t i i m nang phat trien du lich sinh thai tinh Ddng Thap
1.1. Vitridialy
Ddng Thap la mot trong 13 tinh ciia vung ddng bang sdng Ciiu Long, nam d dau ngudn sdng Tien, lanh tho cua tinh Ddng Thdp nam trong gidi ban tga dp 10"07' • }0"58' vi dp Bac vd lOS"}!' ' !05"56' kinh dp Dong. Phia Bac giap vdi tinh Long An, phia lay bdc giap tinh Prayveng thugc Campuchia, phia nam giap An Giang vii Can Thd.
Dia hinh Dong Thap tUdng dd'i bang phdng vdi dp cao phd bid'n 1-2 met so vdi mdt bien. Dia blnh dUdc chia thanh 2 vCing Idn la vung phia bac sdng Tien va viing phia nam sdng Tien.
Dong Thap ndm trong viing khi hdu nhiet ddi, ddng nhat tren dia gidi loan tinh, khi hdu d ddy dUdc chia lam 2 mCia rd ret la miia mua va miia khd. Trong do, mua mua thudng bdt dau tir thang 5 de'n thang 11, mua khd bat dau tCr thang 12 dd'n thang 4 ndm sau. Dd am trung binh nam la 82,5%, sdgid nang trung binh 6,8 gid/ngay. LUdng mya trung binh lit 1.170 - 1.520mm, tap trung vao miia mUa, chidm 90 - 95% lypng mya ca nam.
Vdi cdc ddc didm v l khi hdu nay, Ddng Thap rat thuan Idi cho viec phdt trien ndng nghiep, phat trien he ddng - thUc vdt va dac biet la phat trien loai hinh du lich sinh thai (DLST).
1.2. Tdi nguyen du lich tinh Dong Thdp 1.2.1. Tdi nguyen du lich tit nhien
NGHIEN c u u * TRAO {
* Tai nguyen dat:
Ddng Thap cd cac nhdm ddt chinh sau: dat phii sa, dat phen, dat xam, ddt cdt.
* Tai nguyen nydc Ddng Thap dypc bao bpc bdi 2 con sdng Idn la sdng Tien va sdng Hgu, ket hpp vdi he thdng sdng ngdi chang chit. Nhd do, tdi nguyen nddc eua tinh vd ciing phong phii k l ca lypng nUdc mat lan lypng nUdc ngam.
* Tai nguyen ddng - thUc vdt Tai nguydn ddng thyc vdt tieu bilu d Ddng Thap phai ke den vUdn Qudc gia Tram Chim - ndi tni ngu ciia loai Sdu dau do da tiing dypc ghi vao sach do the' gidi. Ben canh dd cdn cd nhiing khu du lich sinh thdi Gdo Gidng, ngodi nhiing Ioai cdy yam hien hiiu cdn cd nhiing thdm thUc vdt dac tnmg nhy; liia ydi, nang, lac, bdng sung, dien dien... Ddng vat cd cdc Ioai quy hidm nhU: cdng ede, trich, le le, gia ddy Idn, dai bang den, te vang, bd ndng chan xam, c6 quam dau den, choi choi lung den, ngan canh yang...
1.2.2. Tdi nguyen du lich nhdn van
* Ddn c U - dan tdc Ddng Thap cd 4 ddn tdc anh em cilng sinh sdng: Kinh, Hoa, Khmer vd Cham. Trong do, ddn tdc Kinh chiem so' lydng ddng nha't. Ngoai ra cdn cd cac dan tdc khdc la ngudi Vidt gdc Hoa va ngydi Khmer.
* Di tich lich sij. van hda Id hdi va phong tuc tap quan
Hien nay Dong Thap cd 4 di tich lich sii each mang dypc Bd Van hda thdng tin cdng nhdn:
• Khu di tich lich sii van hda Gd Thap (huydn Thap Mydi).
• Chiia Kid'n An Cung (tin xa Sa Dec).
• Khu di tich lich sii each mang X e o QuJ^t (huyen Cao Lanh).
• Khu di tich Ldng mg cu Phd Bang Nguydn Sinh S^c (ihanh phd Cao Lanh).
* Cdc lang n g h i truyin thdng
Ndi den Idng nghe d Ddng Thdp chung ta phai ke den cdc lang nghe tieu bieu nhy: n g h i Idm bdnh phdng tdm Sa Giang, nghe ydng hoa kieng d Tan Quy Ddng, nghi ldm nem dLai Vung, nghe lam chieu d Dinh Yen.
Bdn cgnh mdt so' lang nghe truyen thdng dgc trung ciia Dong Thap, cdn cd nhiiyg nghe khae nhd: nghe ddng ghe xudng, nghe lam hu tieu bdt Ipc...
* Am thUc
Cac mon an dgc sdn cua Ddng Thdp nhy; canh chua ca linh bdng didn dien, bdng sting mam kho, ca Idc nUdng trui, cd rd kho to, chugt ddng quay lu, banh phdng tdm Sa Giang, nem Lai Vung, cdm gdi la sen...
2. Thiic trang phat trid'n du lich sinh thai tinh Ddng Thdp 2.1. Mgng liidi edc diem du lich sinh thdi dang khai thdc
• Khu du lich Gdo Gidng;
• Khu di tich Xeo Quyt;
• vydn qud'c gia Tram Chim;
• Khu DLST Ddng Sen (Thap Mudi).
2.2. Cde logi hinh du lich sink thdi ddng khai thdc
• Da ngoai;
• Tham quan miet vUdn;
• Tham quan vydn chim;
• Tham quan nghidn ciiu riing nguyen sinh;
• San ban, cau cd.
2.3. Ddnh gid tiem ndng phdt trien du lich sinh thai cttinh EiSng Thdp theo mo hinh SWOT
NGHIEN cuu •IRA0<)5l
2.3.1. Diem mgnh Cd ngudn tdi nguydn du lich phong phu, ddc biet Id tdi nguyen DLST, cd nhieu ddng vdt quy hiem vd cdnh quan ty nhidn.
Nen im thyc phong phii dam ehdt im thyc mien sdng nydc.
He thdng giao thdng cua tinh tiidng ddi t h u ^ Id, Id cau ndi giao thdng vdi cdc tinh Idn cdn tgo sy Udn kdt vdi cdc tinh bgn.
Hg tdng du lich cua tinh dypc dau ty cd ypng dilm, cdc khu du Hch dupe hinh thanh vd phdt trien.
Ddng Thdp cd nhieu dia diem du lich tiem ndng, bddc dau dypc quan tam dau ty nhy: Vudn Qudc gia Trdm Chim, Khu du lich sinh thdi Gdo Gidng,... Lypng khdch du hch ddn Ddng Thdp vd doanh thu dich vu du hch ndm sau cao hdn ndm tnidc.
2.3.2. Diem ye'u Van cdn tdn tgi hipn typng tidu eye nhy chdo kdo khdch, dn xin.
Ngudn nhdn lyc phyc vy du lich cdn thieu. Da so'nhdn vien vd hydng d§n vidn cua cde diem DLST chya qua ddo tgo chuyen v l du hch.
Hogt dpng quang bd, tmyen thdng cdn yeii, tour tuyen cdn ddn gidn.
2.3.3. Cahgi
Nhu cau du Hch npi dia dang phdt triin vd tdng len.
Cdc tour du lich v l vdi ddng bdng sdng Ci3fti Long ngdy mdt phong phd, da dgng.
Chinh quyin dia phdong ciia tinh quan tdm den sy phat trien eiia nganh du lich.
2.3.4. Thdch thdc
Mdi trudng sinh thai ciia logi hinh DLST dd bi pha vd.
Vdi he thdng rCftig yam nhieu ndn dd xay ra nguy cd chay riing.
3. Cac giai phap
* Gidi phdp da dgng hda vd ndng cao chat liigng sdn pham du Ijch sinh that
CM tipng diu ty, khae phuc nhiing hgn che ve tfnh trung lap cila tdi nguydn DLST.
Hinh thdnh cdc loai hinh DLST mdi va dau ty md rgng cdc logi hinh DLST da cd nhUng chua phat huy dypc hieu qua.
Da dang hda san pham DLST theo cdc ddi typng du khdch.
* Gidi phdp ve quy hogch
Hodn thien cd che', chinh sdch quan ly dich vu, md cdc Idp huan luyen cho cdn bd chinh quyin dia phUdng.
Xay diing nhiing cd che', chinh sdch diing ddn v l thud', vdn dau ty, cdng tdc to chiic quan ly du Hch.
* Gidi phdp ve von dau tii vd phdt trien du lich
Can cd chinh sdch khuyen khi'ch manh me nh^m thu hut cdc thdnh phan kinh te' dau ty phat trien du lich cua tinh. Keu gpi vdn dau ty nydc ngoai, vdn dau ty trye tiep (FDI), dau td vdo linh vyc du Hch uen dia ban tinh.
* Gidiphdp ve cdche, ehinh sdch
Uu tidn cung cdp ngdn sach de dilu Ua cd bdn ve ngudn tdi nguydn DLST, quy hogch phdt trien vd ndng cao nang lyc td chiic, hinh thdnh tiii uydng DLST.
Ban hdnh nhiing quy dinh mdi tgo mdi quan he can ddi giiia sii dyng, khai thdc vdi viec bao tdn, phdt trien ngudn tai nguydn sinh thdi theo muc tieu ben viing.
* Giai phdp phdt trien cd sd hg idng
Can phai cd sy dau td nhanh chdng ndng cap dydng sa khang yang, sach sd, he thdng cdc nhd hdng, khdch san, nha nghi can yang bi day du tien nghi, hien dai.
* Gidiphdp ve ddo tgo - Dao tao ngudn nhdn sy:
® 5
CUU«IRAOflOI Dao tao htfdng dan vien du
lich: Can trau ddi nhilu kidn thdc va kinh nghiem hdn nu'a ve dpi ngii hydng d i n vien.
Dao tgo dpi ngu quan ly cac khu DLST: Ctn ddo tgo dpi ngii quan ly cac khu DLST tren dia bdn tinh cd trinh dd chuyen mdn nghiep vy.
- Ngudn dao tao nhdn sU:
Tinh can ket hpp vdi cdc To chiic Du lich cd danh tieng trong va ngoai nUdc de tuyen chpn cac chuyen vien du lich day dii trinh dp va kha ndng di hpc tap va trau ddi them kinh nghiem.
* Giai phdp qudng bd sdn pham du lich sinh thdi
Cdn dgc biet quan tdm den dd'i typng khdch du lich.
Khai didc tdi da gia tii nhiiyg tai nguydn cdn mang dam tinh hoang sd cua thien nhidn.
Viec quang bd, tie'p thi san pham can chu trpng viec nang cao chat lypng dich vu va tinh an toan bdn cgnh siic hap dan cua san pham DLST.
* Gidi phdp bdo ve vd phdt trim taingttyen mditn^gduUch
Mdi trydng du lich la ye'u td' quye't dinh dd'i vdi sU phat trien loai hinh DLST. Vi the, tinh can tap trung sy quan tam bao vd mdi trrfdng sinh thai mpt each dung miic vd cd hidu qua. Han che' cac hdnh ddng
lam anh hudng dd^n mdi tnrdng sinh thai nhy: viit rdc biia bai, chat pha canh cdy, choc pha hoac lam hoang sd cac loai dpng vat quy hid'm d cac khu DLST... Cd nhy the, mdi dam bao dypc tai nguyen mdi tnidng du hch, phat trien tdt loai hinh DLST cua tinh Ddng Thdp.
K E T LUAN
Tiem nang DLST ciia Ddng Thap la san cd, ndu ddpc khai thdc mdt each hpp ly thi Idi ich mang lgi se rat Idn gdp phIn ndng cao mtfc sd'ng cho ngUdi ddn dia phydng, bao tdn da dang sinh hpc va phat trien du Hch mdt each ben viftig.
Nham khae phuc nhiing tdn tai tidu cyc hien cd, mdt sd dinh htfdng va giai phap dtfa ra de gdp phan nang eao hidu qua trong vide khai thdc tdi nguyen DLST ciia tinh hdp ly hdn de tii do tao nen nhiing san pham du Hch dac thu ciia viing dat Ddng Thdp md khdng bi triing lap vdi mdt dia phUdng nao khae trong viing.
TAI U$V THAM KHAO
1. Ngd An (2009), Tdi lieu mdn hgc du lich sinh thdi, Trtfdng Dai hgc Ndng Lam Tp. Hd Chi Minh.
2. Le Huy Ba (2006), Du lich sinh thdi, NXB Khoa hpc - ky thugt. Ha Npi.
3. Bao tang Ddng Thdp (1997), Dong Thdp Di tich lich svl- Danh lam thang cdnh, Sd Van hda - Thdng tin.
4. Nguydn Dinh Hda (2004), Du lich sinh thdi - Thuc trgng vd gidi phdp de phdt trien d Viet Nam, Tgp chi kinh te vd phdt trien - Sd 3/2008.
5. Pham Trung Lydng (2000), Du lich sinh thdi, nhitng vdn de ly lugn vd thite tiin d Viit Nam, NXB Giao due. Ha Ndi.
6. Th.S Pham Xuan Phu (2003), Dephdt trien du lich ben vSng d Viet Nam, Bd mdn Khoa hpc Dd't - TNTN, Tnidng Dgi hpc An Giang.
7. Vidn nghien ciiu phdt trien du lich (2002), Quy hogch tSng the phdt trien du lich tinh Dong Thdp thdi ki 2001 - 2010. Sd Thydng mai va Du Hch Ddng Thdp.
8. Biii Thi Hai Yen (2009), Tdi nguyen du lich, NXB Gido due Ha Ndi.
