•'l^illJ'i^ii'B.
Ijfng dung phiTifng phap quy lioacli thirc nghiem t6i nu hoa
cac thong so cua thiet bi say long nhan xoay su dung nang iupng ichi sinh hpc sbog-150
(*) NCS. PHAM THI MINH HUE PGS TS T R A N N H I J KHUYEN (**) NCS. NGUYEN VAN THINH
TOM TAT
Nhan long (longan) la dac san HUng Yen va dugc coi la vi "vua"trong cac loai trai cay dViet Nam. 6 ndde ta hien nay, nhan diigc tieu t h u vdi hai loai san pham tddi va say khd. Ngoai ra, hau het nhan cdn dUgc xuat khau dddi hinh thdc long nhan say khd.Tinh chat nhiet - vat ly va mo hinh cua long nhan xoay say khd la rat quan trgng cho thie't ke toi du cua may say nhan. Bai bao gidi thieu phUdng phap quy hoach thdc nghiem de xac djnh cac thdng so toi u'u cua he t h o n g thiet bi say Long nhan xoay.
Thiet bi say SBOG -150 da dugc nghien cufu, dng d u n g de say long nhan xoay va mot so loai ndng san thdc pham. Loai thiet bi say nay cd du diem han so vdi cac thiet bi say long nhan thdng dung khac la cd cau tao ddn gian, sd dung nhien lieu khf sinh hoc (biogas) nen rat phu hgp de trien khai ap dung rong rai cho cac eg sd che bien ndng san - thdc pham 6 cac vung ndng t h d n .
Ke't qua nghien cdu quy hoach thdc nghiem da xac dinh ddgc gia tri toi du cua cac ye'u to vao: nhiet dp tac nhan say T = 81 °C, toe do chuyen d o n g cua tac nhan say v = 0,4m/s, khoang each cua cac thanh treo vat lieu say h = 15,5 cm va gia trj toi du cua cac t h d n g so ra la do khd khong deu cua san pham say 6
= 2,5 (%), diem l o n g hgp chat Idgng san pham say Q = 19(d). Ke't qua nghien cdu tren la cd sd quan trgng de hoan thien thie't ke va che tao cac cd thie't bj say long nhan xoay co nang suat khac nhau phu hdp vdi qui md cua cac cd sd san xuat.
I. DAT VAN DE
- Long nhan la san pham che bien tir qua nhan, cd nhieu cdng dyng khdng chi la loai thirc an bd dudng ma cdn cd tac dyng nhu vi thudc bd tv lam, dudng huyet, ich khi, chiia than kinh suy nhuge, kem ngii, hay quen, hot hoang trong ddng y. Do vay, long nhan cd tbi trudng lieu thy rpng. gia ban cao [1], [4].
De nang cao chat lugng san pham, giam thdi gian /. Vat lieu nghien ciru
say, can phai tim ra cac thdng sd tdi uu lam ca sd cho viec hoan thien thiet ke de che lao eac cd ma} sa} co cdng suat khac nhau, phii hgp vdi quy mo vira va nho cua eac ca sd san xuat gan vdi viing nguyen lieu.
II. VAT LIEU VA PHUOTVG PHAP NGHIEN ClTU
(*) Tnrcmg Dai hoc Nong nghiep Ha Noi
(**) Tnrong Dai hoc Nong nghiep Nam Kmh (Tmng Qu6c)
Vat lieu thi nghiem: Nhan dudng phen dugc trong tai Hung Yen, dudng kinh trung binh ciia qua la 1-1.5
J TAP CHl CO KHi VIET NAM *l* So 6 - Thang 6 nam 2011
NGHIEN cuu-TRAO OOI cm. chieu dai trung binh tir 2 - 2,5 cm. khoi lugng trung
binh 13 - 15g. vdi dp am ban dau: (O, = 81.36%. Nhien lieu su dung la khi sinh hoc cd nhiet In 5200kcal/m3 11J,[3].
2 Phuang pit dp nghien ciru
Ap dyng phuang phap qui hoach thyc nghiem da yeu td dc nghien ciru anh huong dong thdi cua 3 } cu to vao: nhict dp lac nhan sa} T (°C), van loc chu}cn dgng cua tac nhan say v (m/s) va khoang each giiia cac khay dung san pham say h (cm) den cac thdng so ra: dp khd khdng deu cua san pham say 6 (%). diem tdng hgp chat lugng san pham say Q (d).
Ket qua nghien ciru don yeu Id cho tba}, moi quan he cua yeu td nhiet do tac nhan say, van tdc ehuyen ddng cua lac nhan say va khoang each giua cac thanh treo vat lieu say den do khd khdng deu cua san pham say, diem long hgp chat lugng san pham sa} khdng hoan toan la tuyen tinh. Vi vay, la cd the bd qua phucmg an quy hoach thuc nghiem bac 1 chu} en sang phuang an quy hoach thuc nghiem bac 2 cua Box-Wilson |2J.
14J, [51.
Ma Iran thi nghiem duge xay dyng theo phuong an qui hoach thyc nghiem bac 2 cua Box-Wilson. Sd lugng tbi nghiem theo phuang an nay dugc linh theo cdng thirc:
(1)N = 2 " + N + N
^ ^ ct o
Trong dd:
2"- sd thi nghiem d miic tren va dudi:
n - so yeu Id anh hucmg;
N^^- so thi nghiem d mirc phy ggi la cac diem "sao", N,=2n
N^- so thi nghiem d muc co sd.
Vdi so yeu to vao n = 3 thi long sd thi nghiem la 20 thi nghiem, bao gom: 8 tbi nghiem a mirc tren va dudi, 6 thi nghiem d mirc "sao" va 6 thi nghiem a mirc ca so nhu bang 1.
Gia In thuc ciia cac yeu to duoc ma boa theo cdng thirc:
X - gia In ma boa cua yeu id thii i ( i = 1, 2..., k), k la so yeu to anh huong
X X X - gia In thuc cua yeu to thir i a miic tren,
It' l o ' 1(1 ^
mire ca sd va mirc dudi.
S - khoang bien thien cua }eu td thir i.
Cae gia In X .X . X , ed gia In ma boa la: - 1 ,
o • It- lO' id ^
0,+ l.
Til kinh nghiem san xuat long nhan xoa} eua mdt so nudc nhu Thai Lan. Trung Qudc va nhieu tai lieu nghien ciru long nhan xoa} [2],[6] thi mirc bien thien, khoang bien thien, ham myc lieu va gia In ma hoa ciia eua cac yeu id (bang 1) dugc lua chgn theo ket qua nghien ciru thyc nghiem don yeu Id nhu sau:
Bang 1: Mirc bien thien va gia tn ma hoa cua cac yeu to vao Cac mu'c ma hoa
Mirc sao iren Mirc Iren Mirc C0 so Mirc ducii Mirc sao ducii Khoang bien thien
Gia trj ma hoa - 1.682 -1.000 0.000
1.000 1.682 1.000
Cac yeu to anh huchig
X,
ec)
71.59 75.0 80.0 85.0 88.41 5
X, (m/s) 0.2.3 0..30 0.40 0.50 0.57 0.10
X, (cm) 6.59 10.00 15.00 20.00 2.1.41 5 Trong qua trinh sa}, eac bien khdng nhirng ddc lap anh huong tryc tiep den chat lucmg long nhan ma chiing cdn cd tae dung luong hd eho nhau, anh hudng den chat lugng san pham. Do va}, md hinh cua qua trinh say phai xa} dung md hinh thdng kc day dii vdi 3 } cu id dau vao. Diem ldi uu la chap muc lieu, la long nhan xoa}
phai cd do khd khdng ddng deu dat 1 % va diem long hcrp chat lucmg la eao nhat 20 diem theo phuang an quy hoaeh thuc nghiem bae hai Box-Willson.
Md hinh loan dugc bieu dien bang Phuang trinh hdi quy nhieu bien mat mirc hyper|2J, (5J :
Vdl eac } eu td vao n = 3 va sd tbi nghiem N = 20, la linh dugc gia In cua cac he sd a la: a|= 0.16627;
a = 0.07322; a = 0,125; a,= 0.0625; 'a = 0.05676; a =
J I s - 5
0.0068
Sau dd. kiem tra mirc y nghia cac he so hoi quy theo lieu chuan Student va kiem tra linh thich irng ciia md hinh loan va xac dinh gia tri tdi uu cua cac yeu to vao cho tirng thdng sd ra.
Do cac ham Y cd cyc In irng \di eac gia tn cua eac }eu td vao X^ khac nhau. vi va}, can phai tim giac TAP CHi c a KHI VIET NAM V So 6 - Thang 6 luim 20II
NGHIEN CUU - TRAO OOI
tn cua cac }6u to vao X_ ehung cho lat ca cac thdng so lieu quan trgng), K = 3^5.
ra Y. Ap dyng phuong phap giai bai loan ldi uu long quat theo phuang phap lap "ham mong mudn" cua E.
Hamngton. gdm eac budc sau: |5].
- Lap ham tdi uu long quat D theo edng thirc:
- Lap "ham mong mudn" thanh phan d theo cdng (') D
?ind,
j=i
thirc:
(5)d = exp|-exp(-r:)]
Y - Y ( 6 ) Y = Yj„ • Y , ,
-K
Y - ham thanh phan. (i=Hp; p la sd lugng ham thanh phan).
Y , - gia In tbi nghiem xau nhat eua ham eac Y
jmin (ma.x} o • o • I
- Tinh toan gia tri ham tdi uu tdng quat D cho tirng thi nghiem cua ma Iran. Vice xae dinh md hinh loan, kiem tra mirc y nghia cua cae he sd hdi qui. kiem tra linh thich irng va xac dinh gia tri ldi uu eua ham loi uu ldng quat D tuong ly nhu ddi vdi cae ham Y.
III. KET QUA VA THAO LUAN
Tien hanh tbi nghiem say long nhan xoa} vdi eac thi nghiem bd tri theo ma Iran quy hoach true giao cap 2 ba yeu id. Ma Iran va ket qua thi nghiem duge ghi Y J- gia tri tdl nhat ha} "mong mudn nhat"cua ham Y
K- he sd uu tien cho nhirng ham (hay nhirng ehi trong bang 2.
Bang 2: Ma tran quy hoach true giao cap 2 ba yeu to va ham toi uu tong quat D
Thi nghiem (No, 1 2
^ J
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Cae yeu to anh hucmg X_
X,(°C) -1.00
1.00 -1.00
1,00 -1.00
1.00 -1.00
1.00 -1.682
1.682 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
X,(m/s) -1.00 -1.00 1.00 1.00 -1.00 -1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 -1.682 1.682 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
X,(cm) -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1 00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -1.682
1.682 0.00 0.00 0.00
Cae ham thanh phan Y Y,(%)
1.75 1.94 1.81 2.04 1.72 1.93 1.82 2.14 1.72 2.70 1.83 2.72 1.64 2.65 1.83 1.73 1.75
Y,(d) 7.30 10.05 8.53 13.12 9.25
14.50 10.41 16.93 8.25 14.41 7.95 15.83 9.49
15.35 18.30 17.75 19.05
Ham "mong mudn"
thanh d d,
0.887 0.833 0.872 0.796 0.893 0.836 0.869 0.752 0.893 0.376 0.866 0.368 0.910 0.416 0.866 0.891 0.887
d;
0.318 0.526 0.413 0.715 0.468 0.778 0.552 0.861 0.391 0.775 0.368 0.828 0.486 10.811 0.894 0.881 0.909
Ham tdi uu tdng quat D
0.531 0.662 0.600 0.754 0.646 0.806 0.805 0.591 0.540 0.565 0.552 0.665 0.665 0.581 0.880 0.886 0.898
TAP CHl CO KHi VIET NAM *t* So 6-Tliang 6 nam 2011
NGHIEN ciiu - TRAO OOI
Thi nghiem ( N . 18 19
20
Cac } eu id anh hucmg X^
X,(°C) 0.00 0.00
0.00
X,(m/s) 0.00 0.00
0.00
X,(cm) 0.00 0.00
0.00
Cae ham thanh phan Y Y,(%)
1.84 1.82
1.73
Y,(d) 16.74 17.87
19.15
Ham "mong mudn"
thanh d d,
0.864 0.869
0.891 d.
0.855 0.884
0.910
Ham ldi uu ldng quat D 0.859 0.877 0.901 Sau khi da loai bo cae he sd hdi quy khdng cd nghia trong bang 3, ta xac dmh dugc md hinh loan cua cae ham muc lieu Y,. Y., nhu sau:
(8)Y, I.1295(
0.05642X-,
1.7942758 + 0.190241IX, + 0.1427826X, + 0.1295056X3 "^ 0.0790395X-, + 0.1002475X-, +
Bang 4: Gia tri toi ua cua cac yeu to vao x_
va cac hcim Y
2.1570204X, + (9) Y. = 18.1477795 +
1.5488194X,+ 1.61006X,-2.4581324X^-,-2.21913X -2.0728541X-,
Bang 3: Cac he sd Cac he sd hdi qui bo
b, b , b . b,:
b„
b33
b„
b r b , ,
ldi quy cd nghia cua cae ham Y,, Y, Y,
1.7942758 0.1902411 0.1427826 0.1295056 -
- -
0.0790395 0.1002475 0.05642
Y ,
18.4477795 2.1570204
1.5488194 1.61006 - - -
-2.4581324 -2.21913 -2.0728541 Kiem tra linh thich irng cua md hinh loan theo lieu chuan Fisher vdi a = 0.05 va bac tu do./' A'o - ^ ^ 5*^f'- phuang sai thich ung F^, = 1.4044 vdi 1} so giua phuong sai thich irng tren phuong sai tbi nghiem F = 1.55 vdi gia tri Fb = 3.70. Cae gia in tinli toan F cua cac ham Y,, Y, deu nho ban gia tn tra bang F''. Vi va}. md hinh eua ham muc tieu da chgn phia tren la phii hgp.
Ket qua gui tri 161 uu eua cac }eu id vao X^ va eac ham thanh phan Y^ dugc ghi trong bang 4.
Cac }cu td vao:
- Gia In ma hoa:
X , X ,
- Gia In thuc:
T("C) V (m/s) h (cm) Cae thdng sd ra:
Y,
-1.0643669 -0.5232663 -0.9432278 73.9827213 4.57569902 9.2251187
Y , = 1.55417308
Y, 0.5191536
0.3781607 0.4486495 82.1937594 6.68523
16.9370641 Y, =19.197423
_iiia.\
- ChuNcn phuong trinh hdi qu} tii' dang ma sang dang thuc dua theo cdng ihirc (2), trong dd. mirc eo so eua eac }eu id la: X,,, = 80°C, X.,g= 0,6m/s va X^^^ =
15cm. khoang bien thien cua cac }'eu id la: e, = 5"C. e, = 0. Im/s va 5, = 5cin dugc ghi trong trong bang 5.
Bang 5; Cac he so hoi quy dang thuc
c„
c, c.
c, c„
c„
c„
c„
c„
c„
Y,
4.56805165 -0.00647578 -0.43946485 -3.19007933 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000790 0.04455444 5.641953
Y,
-71.43177406 0.28213224
13.08689971 181.88933578 0.00000000 0.00000000 0.00000000 -0.00024581 -1.00452945 -207.28541251
TAP CHi c a KHi VIET NAM V Sc 6 - Tluing 6 nam 2011
NGHIEN CUU - TRAO DOI
Til cac he so boi qui dang thuc trong bang 5. ta cd the Viet phuong trinh hoi qui dang thyc cho eac ham do khd khdng deu Y, \a diem long hgp chat lugng san pham sa} Y, nhu sau:
(10)Y,=4.56805165-0.00647578T-0.43946485v - 3.19007933h + 0.00000790r + 0.04455444v= + 5.641953h=
(11) Y, = - 71.43177406 13.08689971V + 181.88933578h 1.00452945v=- 207.2854125lh=
0.28213224T + 0.0002458ir -
Chiing tdl su dyng phan mem RSM de xae dinh Anh hugng cua cac yeu id den cac ham myc lieu dugc the hien thdng qua md hinh 2D cho do thi dudng ddng mirc cua hai ham Yj, Y., tren cac hinh 1 va hinh 2 nhu sau:
^ N •
Hinh 1: Anh huong ciia nhiet dp tac nhan say T (°C), toe do tac nhan say v (m/s) va khoang each giiia cac thanh treo vat lieu say
den do kho khong deu eua san pham say Kyo
Hinh 2: Anh huong toe do cua tac nhan say v (m/s) va khoang each gitta eac thanh treo vat lieu sSy den diem tong hop chat luong
cua san pham say Q
Ddng nhat eac ham Y,, Y, chuyen chiing sang dang dac trung la "ham mong muon" thanh phan d, = f (Y,), d, = f(YJ, dj, d, la dai lugng khdng so do. Dya vao cac gia tri cua bang 2, la chgn dugc gia In cua ham toi uu tdng quat D theo edng thirc (11) nhu sau:
^Y, ^2,71 %;Y, = 1,0%
HamY,
Ham Y , ^ Y,_^^^^= 7,30 d; Y^^ = 20 d Ket qua tinh loan eiia dugc ghi trong bang 6.
Tren co so gia In eua ham toi uu long quat D da xae dinh dugc a tren. la xac dinh cac gia In toi uu cac ham Y,. Y,, bang each la} dao ham neng doi vdi moi
} eu id dau vao x va cho dao ham dd bing 0, ta duac mdt he phuang trinh tuyen tinh. Giai he phuang trinh na}. la dugc gia In tdi uu cua cac yeu to vao x cho lat ca cac thdng sd ra Y . Tha\ cac gia tri nay vao cac ham thanh phan Y,, Y, vao cdng thuc (34), (35) la dugc gia tri tdl uu ciia thdng sd ra Y.
Gia In ldi uu long quat ciia yeu td vao:
Gia tri ma hoa Gia tn thyc
X*, = 0.19984226 T* = 80.9992113 °C X \ = 0.06445966 v* = 0.41289193 m/s X*3= 0.13827449 h* = 15.6193725 em
Gia tri ldi uu cua thdng sd ra:
K = 2.55190378 %; Q = 19.05356838 (d)
IV. KET LUAN
Ap dung phuang phap qui hoach thyc nghiem, ket hcyp vdi phuang phap nghien cim tdi uu long quat E.
Harrington, da xac dinh dugc gia tri tdi uu cua cac} eu Id vao: nhiet do lac nhan say T = 81°C. ldc dp chuyen ddng cua tac nhan say v = 0,4m/s, khoang each cua cac thanh treo vat lieu say h = 15.6 em va gia tri toi tru cua cae thdng sd tdi da: do khd khdng deu eua san pham say K = 2,55 (%), diem tdng hcrp chat lugng san pham say Q = 19 (d). Ket qua nghien ciru tren da xac dinh dugc cac thdng sd tdi uu trong qua trinh say long nhan xoay la CO sd quan trgng de hoan thien thiet ke va che tao cac co thiet bi say long nhan cd nang suat khac nhau phii hcrp vdi qui md vira va nho cua cac co so san xuat. •
Tai lieu tham khao:
1. Nguyen Manh Dilng (2001), Bao qmn die bien va nhmgffai phdp pildt trien on dinli cdy vdi, niidn, NXB Nong nghiep Ha Npi.
2. John A. Cornell (1990), How to apply response surface metliodology, Amer Society for Quality, pp 1 -45,
3. Pham Thi Mmh Hue (2008 - 2009), Chu nhiem de tai NCKH & CN cap bo -'Ngiiien ciru img dung ndng luangkin sinh ligc ldm Idio nong san tiiuc plidm trong dieu kien dong bang song Hdng", Dai hpe Su pham Ky thuat Hung Yen.
4. Pham Thi Minh Hue, Trim Nhu Khuyen (2010), -Vac dinh cdc tiidng sd tdi ini cua tliiit hi sdy vdi qua SBOG-150 sir dung nang luang kill sinli hoc. Tap chi Nong nghiep & phat tnen Nong thon. so 14, nam 2010, Ha Npi, Tr 44 - 48.
5. Pham Van Lang, Bach Qu6c Khang (1998). Ca sa ly thtf quy hoach time nghiem vd img dung ky thudt trong nong nghiep.
NXB Nong nghiep Ha Npi.
6. Ratana Attabhanyo, Ms.Suwanna Snsawas {2006), Dried longan flest for further processsmg. Thai agnculture standard - Bangkok, 3,367-403.
TAP CHi c a KHi VIET NAM <* S6 6 - Tliang 6 nam 2011
