NGHIEN cuu & UNG DUNG
XAY DUNG QUY TRINH ROI DUdNG NANG LUfC TUHOC CUA HOC SINH TRUNG HOC CO Sd TRONG DAY HOC VAT Ll
ThS. Pham Th! Mif Hanh Trie&ng Dgi hpc Ding Thdp SUMMARY
The capacity study is likely to inject yourself, recognize and c^ply knowledge in new situations or with similar high quality. Fostering students ' self-learning abilities is to kelp them create motivated, excited about learning, enhancing positive, self control, forming the knowledge skills. Therefore, fostering the capacity of self-study students ' physics is very important and very necessary, contributing to overcome the passive leaming, students present rote.
Keywords: Processes, student's self-taught competence, physical teaching.
Ngdy nh^n bdi: 15/05/2015; Ngdy day^t ddng: 25/05/2015.
1. D^t vin de
Ty hpc Id qud trinh ty minh ho^t dpng iTnh h^i tri thdc khoa hgc vd rfri luyfn kT ndng thvc hdnh.
Kiln thdc ty hpc Id kit qud cua hirng thd, qud trlnh tim tdi, lya chpn vd djnh hudng ttng dyng, nfin bao gid nd cung,vttng chdc, bin Idu, thiet tiiyc vd nhilu sdng t^o. Han ntta, xd hdi hifn nay Id xd hdi tri thdc vd thdng tm vdi tic dd phdt h-iln rdt nhanh. Ldm thf ndo dh nhgn thttc vd ndm bit dupc tri thdc khoa hpc mgt cdch nhanh nhit, hifu qud nhit dd Id trdch nhifm vd cttng quan trgng cda qud trlnh gido dye. Nhu vgy, vin dl dgt ra Id day hgc khdng chi cung d p cho hgc sinh (HS) m^t khdi Iupng kiln thttc, HS khdng ph^
chi bifit tiiy dpng ITnh hOi tri thdc tir ngudi d^y md cln phdi bdi dudng cho HS ndng lye tvr hpc ngay ttt khi cdc em hgc d trudng phd thdng vd dd cung chinh
!d m^t trong nhttng yfu cdu thilt yeu hifn nay.
2. Quy trlnh bli dudng nSng Iyc t\r hgc cua HS trong d^y hgc vgt U
Bir&c 1. T6 chuc tinh hudng c6 vdn dk: Chuin bj nhifu tinh hudng cd vin df dua ra cho HS ty lye xu
\^. Cd nhilu bifn phdp khde nhau dl t^o thih huing cd vin dl nhu: sd dyng thf nghifm, chuyfn kl ljch stt, chuyfn kl vl nhttng svr kifn mdi 1? khd hifu trong cudc sdng, bdi tgp vgt If,... Tinh huing cd vdn dl dua ra, trong dd phSi cd mdu thuin nhgn thdc md HS httng thu, thda mdn nhu clu vd phii hgp vdi ndng Iyc cda hg.
Bit&c 2. Giao nhi$m vy cho HS: Nhifm vy md HS phdi thyc hifn Id ty tira hilu, nghifin cdu bdi hgc mdi 6 nhd thdng qua hf thing cdu hdi do gido vifn (GV) bifn sogn sdn. Hf fliing cdu hdi vd cdc Ir-di tgp dp dyng cd thf dupc in sdn theo timg dan vj bdi hpc vd phdt cho HS vdo cudi tilt hgc, hogc dupc in sdn cho ca hpc k^ vd dupc phdt cho HS vdo dlu hpc k^.
Hf thdng cdu hdi vd bdi tgp cd thl gidp HS chilm ITnh tri thiic, rfin luyfn ky ndng vgn dyng, thyc hdnh mft cdch vfhig chdc. Ddp ting nhttng yfu clu ndy, hf thing eau hdi djnh hudng cho HS chuin hi bdi trudc khi Ifn ldp gim cdc d ^ g sau;
* CSu hdi md: Id demg cdu hdi cd thl cd nhifu cdch trd Idi. Mye tifu cda cdu hdi ndy GV gidp HS xdc dinh myc dfch, nhifm vy dgc sdch; clu tnic bdi hpc; vd xdy dyng ndi dung kifn thdc cua bdi hgc.
* C&u hdi ddng: Id d^ng cdu hdi chi ed mdt cdu trd Idi duy nhit, ddng hogc sai h o ^ cd thl tra Iin
"cd" hogc "khdng". Myc tieu cua cau hdi ndy nhdm kifm tra xem HS dd hilu nhifm vy vd nhthig hudng ddn cln thyc hifn trong phan xdy dyng bdi hay chua.
Cd thf chia cdc cau hdi ddng vd md theo d p d$ nhgn thdc ciia Bloom:
- Cdu hoi "Biit", myc tifu nhdm kilm tra tri nhd eiia HS vl cdc dtt kifn, sl lifu, cdc dinh nghTa, djnh ludt...
- Cdu hoi "Hieu", myc tifu nhim kifm tra HS cdch lifin hf, kit ndi cdc dtt kifn, sl lifu, cdc dgc dilm, cdc djnh nghTa... khi tifp nhgn thdng tin.
- Cdu hoi "Vgn difng", myc tifu nhdm kilm tra khd ndng dp dyng nhttng thdng tin dd fliu dupc (cdc dtt kifn, sd lifu, cdc d§c dilm, khdi nifm, cdc quy lugt...) vdo hodn cdnh vd dilu kifn mdi.
- Cdu fid/ "Phdn tich ", myc tifu nhim kilm tra khd ndngphan tich n$i dung vin dl, td dd di din kit Iudn, tim ra mdi quan hf hogc chdng minh m^t lugn dilm.
- Cdu hoi "Tong h<?p", myc tifu nhdra kifra tra xem HS cd flil dua ra nhttng dy dodn, ^im quylt m^t vdn dfi, dua ra cau tra Idi ho^c dl xudt cd tinh sdng t90. Cau hdi tdng hpp thttc ddy sy sdng t?o cua HS, cdc em phdi tim ra nhftng nhdn td vd nhthig y tudng mdi dl cd thl bd sung cho nOi dung.
T4P CHlTHl£tB|GlAO DMC-sd 118-6/2015 • 5
NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG
- Cdu hoi "Bdnh gid ", m\ic tifiu nhdm kiem tra xem HS cd thl ddng gdp S kiln vd ddnh gid cdc ^ tudng, gidi phdp... dya vdo nhttng tifiu chuin dd dl ra. GV cd thl tryc tilp hodc gidn tilp dua ra ddp dn, tifiu chf ddnh gid vd dgt cdu hdi yfu cdu HS ddnh gid.
BO CAU H 6 I : V S n d i D E M U C . . .
D E M U C . . . C l n b6l C S u l : Cau 2:
Cau 3:
Cau 4:
Triljkl Ghi chti
Bu&c 3. Theo ddi hogt dgng tir hgc cUa HS: Bi theo ddi, kifim tra sdt sao vijc ty hgc cua HS, vdo dlu gid hgc GV cd thl yfu cdu HS fliyc hifn nhttng vifc sau:
- Trinh cho GV philu tra Idi hogc vd ghi ehfp cdc cau trd Idi.
- Trd Idi cdu hdi ciia GV blng hinh thdc trdc nghifm khdch quan.
Bu&c 4. To chtic thdo lugn de tdi: Ho^t dgng chfnh Ufn Idp Id cdc ho?t ddng cda HS, bao gdm;
- Trd l&i cdu hoi: HS trd Idi cdc cdu hdi dd dupc chuin bj. Ho?t dgng ndy ddnh cho trudng hpp trd Idi cdc cdu hdj gpi md.
- Chdt vdn: HS nfiu thdc mdc vdi thdnh vifn khde trong Idp hogc vdi GV vl nhftng vin df chua dupc thdng suit.
- Phdt biiu: Neu nhgn xft hogc suy ngM ciia cd nhan dli vdi vdn df dang dugc phdn tich. Ho^t ddng ndy ddi hdi HS tu duy, suy nghT nhilu hon hoat ddng trd Idi cdu hdi.
- Tranh ludn: Bdng nhttng Iy lugn ti^n co sd cdc kiln thiic dd hgc. nhChig thdng tin thu thgp dupc dl bdo vf quan dilm cd nhdn hogc dl phdn ddi quan difm cua nguiri khde nhdm xdc nhdn tfnh ddng ddn ciia vSn de.
- Thdo lugn: M5i Idp hpc dupc phdn thdnh nhilu nhdm. Cdc thdnh vifin cimg nhdm trao ddi, thdo lugn thdng tin ty thu thgp cho nhau, dl gidi ddp cdc cau hdi ddo sdu ndi dung vd vgn dyng kifin thdc bdi hpc.
- Trinh bdy: Cdc cdu hdi khdi qudt, tdng hpp d6i hoi ngudi hd lin phdi If gidi thfim hay phdi phSn tfch vdn (K; hogc cdc cdu tra Idi phdi sd dyng tiWi, hinh minh hpa, stt dyng Ihi n ^ f m chumg minh; hogc gidi cdc bdi tgp djnh lugng, khi dd HS phai Ifn bdng vd dttng trudc Idp trinh bay, vl cdu trd liri khdng don thuin Id nhftng ndi dung in sdn trong sdch gido khoa md Id sy phoi hpp giita kiln thdc mdi vd cd, gitta quan dilm chung vd rifing, gifta 1^ thi^f t vd fliyc hdnh.
Bw&c 5. Tdng kit, ket lugn: Culi mli don vj kiln thdc, culi bdi hgc, GV ting kit l^i bdi hgc vd cho nhgn xft vf tilt hgc, b w gdm edc edng vifc cy thf sau;
Gidi ddp thdc mdc.
Hifu chinh nhQng sai Ifch, nhim lln trong suy nghT cda HS.
Khing djnh lai cdc quan difim dttng ddn blng nhftng ddn chttng cy thl.
Cho nhgn xft tilt hpc, ddnh gid mttc df tich cyc ho9t dfng cua cdc cd nhdn.
3. Ap dyng quy trinh bli dudng ndng.li^ tyr hgc cda HS vdo d^y bgc v^t If Idp 9. Vf dy bdi 13:
Difn ndng - cdng cua ddng difn.
3.1. Mgc tiiu
a. Kiin thuc: HS nfu dupc vf dy chdng td ddng difn cd ndng lupng; nfu dupc dyng cy do difn ndng tifu thy Id cdng to difn vd moi s6 cda cdng to difn Id mgt kildoat gid (kWh); chi ra dupc sy chuyin hfa cdc d^ng ndng Iupng trong hogit d$ng cua cdc dyng cy difn nhu cdc lo^i dfn difn, bdn Id, nii com difn, qugt difn, mdy bom nudc...
b. Kp ndng: Thilt Igp vd vgn dyng dupc cdng thttc cdng ciia ddng difn A = P.t = U.l.t; lifn hf thyc tl neu dupc edc vi dy.
c. Thdi dg: Nghifm tuc, cln thgn, hpp tdc trong hogt ddng nhdm.
3.2. Chuin bi:
- Tranh phdng to cdc dyng cy difn (hlnh 1);
- 1 cdng to difn (hlnh 2) - Bdng 1 chudn bj ra bdng phy - Bf cdu hdi:
VSndl
I. Difn ndng Cdu 1: Khi ndo mft vgt c6 mang ndng lupng?
CSu 2 (Cl): Quan sdt hUih 1 vd cho biet:
- Ddng difn thyc hifn cdng co hgc trong hogt dgng cua cdc dyng cy vd thiet bj difn ndo?
- Ddng difn cung d p nhift Iugng trong hogt dfng ciia cdc dyng cy vd thilt bj difn ndo?
Mdy khoan Mo hdn Mdy bcrm nuik Bdn Id Noi cam di$n
6 • TAP CHf THlfTBIGlAO Dgc-sd 118-6/2015
NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG
Cdu 3: Ttt cdc kit lugn trfin, cho bilt vl sao ddng difn cd mang ndng lu^g?
C ^ 4: Hdy nfiu thfm mdt vdi vf dy chirag td dong difn co mang ndng lugng thudng ggp trong ddi sing?
Cdu 5: Nhde lgi khdi nifm difn ndng?
Cdu 6 (C2): Cdc dyng cy difn khi hogt dpng dfiu bien doi difn ndng flidnh cdc dang ndng lugng khde. Hdy chi ra cdc dang nSng lupng dd dupc bien ddi tu difn ndng trong hogt dfng ciia mli dyng cy difn d bdng 1.
'gl
Dyng cy difn Bdng dfn ddy tdc Nii cam difn, bdn Id Qugt difn, mdy bom nudc
Bifn nang duyc bien doi tb&nh dgng nSng luyng ndo?
Cdu 7 (C3): Hdy chi ra trong hogt dfng cCia mdi dyng cy difn d bdng 1, phdn ndng lupng ndo dupc biln dli ttt difn Id cd fch. Id vd fch?
Cdu 8: Hdy nhic Igi khdi nifm hifu suit dd hpc d Idp 8 (vdi mdy ca don gidn vd df ng co nhift) vd vgn dyng vdi hifu suit su dyng difn nSng?
II. Cdng cda ddng difn
Cdu 9 (C4): Ttt kiln thttc dd hgc d ldp 8, hdy cho bilt mli lifn hf gifta cdng A vd cdng suit P ? Cdu 10 (C5): Xgt dogn mgch dupc dgt vdo hifu difn thl U, ddng difn chgy qua nd cd cudng df I vd cfing suit difn etta dogn mgch Id P. Hdy chttng td rang, cdng cua ddng difn sdn ra d mgch ndy, hay difn ndng md dogn mgch tifu thy dupc tfnh blng cdng thttc: A = P t = Ult? Nfiu ten vd dan vj timg dgi Iugng trong cdng thdc trfn?
Cdu 11: Tiong fliyc tl, dl do cdng cua ddng difn ta diing dyng cy ndo?
Cdu 12: Mft sl dim ciia cdng to difn dng vdi lupng difn ndng su dyng Id bao nhifu?
Cdu 13: Thl ndo Id sl dim ciia cdng ta difn ?
Cdu 14 (C6): Mft sl dim cOa cdng to difn tuong dng vdi lugng difn ndng stt dyng Id bao nhifu ? 111. Vgn dyng Cdu 15 (C7): Mft bdng dfn c6 ghi 220V - 75 W dupc flilp sdng lifn tyc vdi hifu difn ttil 220V
trong 4 gid. Tfnh lupng difn ndng md bdng dgn ndy stt dyng vd sl dim cua cdng to khi dd?
Cdu 16 (C8); Mft blp difn hogt dfng lien tyc trong 2 gid, d hifu difn flil 220 V. Khi dd sl chi ciia cdng ta difn tdng thfm 1,5 sl. Tfnh lugng difn ndng md bfip difn stt dyng, cdng suit ciia blp difn vd cuimg df ddng difn chgy qua blp trong thdi gian trfn.
3.3. Ti chu'c hogt dpng dgy hpc (Tiin trinh dgy ''i"^) . . . ,
Hogt ddng 1: Td chiic tinh huing cd vdn de GV: Cho HS quan sdt cdng to difn vd dgt vdn dl: Hdng ngdy, mSi gia dinh sd dyng difn dlu phdi trd tiln theo s l dim ciia cdng to difn (hlnh 2). Sl dim ndy cho bilt cdng suit difn hay lugng difn ndng
<^ su dyng?
Hogt ddng 2: Theo ddi hogt dOng ty hgc (cdng vifc sogn bdi d nhd) cda HS.
GV; Tide nghifm dlu gid; Chgn cdu trd ldi diing tiong cdc cdu sau;
A. Ddng difn cd thl thyc hifn cdng, ldm quay cdc ddng CO.
Hmh 2 B. Ddng difn cd tdc dyng nhift, cd thl dun sdi be.
C. Ddng difn cd tdc dyng phdt sdng.
D.TdtcdA,B, C.
pCem tiip trang 70)
TAP CHt THlfreiGlAO DMC-sd 118-6/2015 • 7
QUAN LY GIAO DUC
phdt tiiln GD&DT Phgt gido dudi nhilu hJnh thftc nhu cdc ldp hpc ngdn ban, dii hgn, d p Chdng chi Phgt hpc. Ding thdi cln phdi cd nhftng cii cdch phft hpp dl dim bdo chuong trinh, khdng ngimg nang cao chdt lupng ddo tao.
3. Kit lugn
Trong bdi cdnh hifn nay, vifc ddi mdi vd ndng cao chit lupng GD&DT Tfing Ni smh Phgt giio Vift Nam li mft van dl tfien chit, ttpng tdm frong sv phdt triln giio dye Phgt gido Vift Nam. Marx vift: "Mft mgt, muin sdng ehl mft hf thing gido dye ddng ddn, clhi thilt phdi cd sv thay dli cdc difu kifn xfi hfi, mgt khde, mudn cd thl tfiay dli cdc dilu kifn xfi hfi, d n thilt phdi cd mft hf thing gido dye dQng ddn".
Vdi Phgt gido Vift Nam, vifc can thilt phdi ed mft hf thing gido dye ddng d^ vd tiln bf ludn dupc dgt frong hf thing gido dye quic ddn vi cd thl tic
liiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiJiiiiiiiiiiiiriiniiiitiriiiiriiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiLiiiiiLiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiriKiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
X A Y D U N G QUY T R I N H ROI D U f i N G . . . (HiplHealran^T, HS: Trinh, nfp vd hoge philu cd ghi cic cfiu tti myc 3, ttido lugn vi ti^ liri cfiu 12
dfng tdi gido dye xfi hfi, tgo dilu kifn cho cde biln dfii ttong cdc dilu kifn xfi hfi vi hf tfidng giio dye quie ddn.
Tii lifu tham khio
1. Nguyen Mgnh Tud'ng (1994). Ly lupn gido dye Chdu Au. NXB Khoa hpe xfi hfi. Hi Nfi.
2. Giio hfi Phgt gido Vift Nam, Ban giio dye Tdng Ni Trung uong (2012). Gido dye Phgt gido vi$t Nam - Dfnh hudng vdphdt triin. NXB Tdn giio Hi Nfi
3. Ban Tdn gido Chfnh phQ (2008). Khdo sdt die tgo, bdi dudng Tdng Ni tre - Thyc trgng vd gidi phdp.
4. Lfi Mgnh Thdt (chd bifn) (2008). Gido dye Phpt gido ki thira vd phdt huy. Hfi thdo Quic te Vesak.
liiiiiiiiitJiiiiiiiiiiiririiiiiiiiiiiMriiiriii
ldi.
Hogt dpng 3: Td chftc cho HS ttido lugn vd ttinh bdy nfi dung "difn ndng"
GV: Gpi cd nhfin HS tri ldi ciu 1.
HS: Suy nrfu'tti ldi cdu 1.
GV: Yfiu elu eic nhdm HS thio lugn vi tii ldi tftng phln cdu 2
HS: Tham gia tfiio lugn vd fri ldi titog phln cdu 2 GV: Yfiu cdu cd nhdn HS thvc hifn lln lupt cie ciu 3, cfiu 4, cdu 5.
HS: Tftng HS thvrc hifn lln lupt cic cfiu 3, cdu 4, ciu 5.
GV: Yfu d u nhfim HS thio lugn vi tti liri cfiu 6, cfiu 7.
HS: Tham gia thdo lugn vd tra liri ttmg edu 6, cdu 7.
GV: Yfiu d u cd nhdn HS tfiyc hifn cfiu 8.
HS: HS thyc hifn ciu 8 dya vio khii nifm hifu s d t da hpc dldp 8.
Hogt dpng 4: Td ehfte cho HS tiiio luin vi trinh bdy nfi dung "cdng cda ddng (fifn"
GV: Thdng bio vf cfing cua ddng difn HS; Ghi vd.
GV: Gpi HS tii Idi cdu 9.
HS: Ci nhdn HS tiiyc hifn cdu 9
GV: Yfu d u nhdm HS tiido lugn vi gpi 1 HS Ifn bing trinh biy ciu 10.
HS: I HS Ifn bing trinh biy ciu 10, HS khde ttinh biy suy lugn ciu 10 ra nhip.
GV: Gpi ci nhin HS tri ldi eiu 11.
HS: Suy nghT trd Idi cdu 11.
GV: Yfiu clu cic nhdm HS dpc phln thfing bio
HS: Tham gia tiido lugn vd tti liri cfiu 12 GV: Yfu ciu ed nhin HS tiivc hifn lln lupt cic ciu 13, cdu 14.
HS: TQng HS tiiyc hifn lln lupt cic ciu 13, ciu 14.
Hogt dgng 5: Vgn dyng ~ cdng cl - hudng din vinhi
GV: Hudng din HS tiido lugn chung cfiu 15, ciu 16 vd gpi I HS Ifn bing chfta cdu 15. 1 HS Ifn bing chtta eiu 16.
HS:HS Ifin bing trinh bdy.
GV: Kilm tra cdch trinh bdy cfta mft s l HS trong vd v i nhfie nd nhttng sai sdt cho HS.
GV: Gpi HS cd thl dua ra cdch Idm khde. So sdnh cdc cdch.
GV: Tdng kit bdi hoc.
GV: Yfiu d u HS vf nhd dpe phln "Cd ttil em chua bilt", lim bii tgp 13 SBT vd hoin thinh bf ciu hdi bii hpc 14 tilp theo.
Tii lifu tham khio
1. Nguyin Gia Clu (2005). Di gidp HS biit cdch hgc vd biit ty hgc. T^p chl Gi&od\fCs6 124.
2. Nguyin Hdi Chdu (2007). Nguyin Trpng Sftu. Nhiing vdn di chung vi ddi m&i gido dye THCS.
NXB Gido dye.
3. NguySn Ddc Hifp, Lfi Cao Phan (2007). Bdi tgp ca bdn vd ndng cao vpt li 9. NXB Giio dye
4. VQ Quang (Chu bifn). Doin Duy Hinh (2009).
Sdch gido khoa vpt li l&p 9. NXB Giio dye.
5. Thii Duy Tuyfin (2007). PPDH truyen thing vd ddi m&i. NXB Gido dye.
10 • TAP CHl THlfrejGlAO DUC-sfi 118-6/2015
