first d MOT VlTC VEN PHIA VIET KHA HAP CHAT HlTU CO QUAN

Tiiu ban Sinh thdi, Mdi trudng vd qudn ly Bien

KHA NANG HAP THU CAC CHAT HlTU CO CUA QUAN XA VI KHUAN N 6 I d MOT SO KHU VlTC VEN BIEN PHIA BAC VIET NAM

Pham The Thir, Trinh Vdn Quang va Chu Van Thupc Vien Tdi nguyen.va Mdi trudng Bien

246 Da Ndng, TP. Hai Phdng Email: thupt@i mer.ac. vn

Tdm tat

Vi khudn ddng vai trd quan trgng trong cdc chu trinh vdt chdt vd dong ndng lirgng trong cdc he sinh thdi, ddng vai trd quan trgng trong qud trinh tu ldm sgch cua cdc h$ sinh thdi thuy vuc, do do nghien cuu khd ndng hdp thi^ vd chuyin hda cdc chdt hihi co ciia cdc qudn xd vi khudn trong mdi trudng Id hit siec quan trgng trong cdng nghi ung dung. Nhung nghiin cuu vi vi khudn bien vd khd ndng hdp thu. chuyin hda nhiiu ca chdt cika qudn xd vi khudn biin d Vi$t Nam vdn cdn it. Do do. bdi bdo ndy cung cap sd li$u nghiin cuu ddu tiin d Viet Nam ve khd ndng chimin hda 31 hap chdt hihi ca khdc nhau thudc 6 nhdm chdt (carbohydrates, amino-acids, phenols, carboxylic acids, polymers vd amines) cita qudn xa vi khudn ndi bien trong mgt so viing ciea sdng (Bgch Ddng - Hdi Phdng, Ba Lgt - Thdi Binh) va vung ven biin Sdm San (Thanh Hda). dugc thu vao miia khd (11/2010), vdi 12 trgm trin 3 mgt cdt thu mdu theo chiiu song-biin.

Abstract

ABILITY OF MARINE BACTERIPLANKTONIC COMMUNITY TO ABSORB ORGANIC MATTER IN SOME COASTAL AREAS NORTH VIETNAM Bacteria play an important role in the material cycles and energy flows in ecosystems, as well as in the process of self-cleaning of the aquatic ecosystems.

Hence, the study on the ability to absorb and metabolize the organic matter of the bacterial communities in environments is very important in technological applications. But studies on marine bacteria and metdbolization of substances of marine microbial communities in Vietnam are still few. Therefore, this paper provides the first data in Vietnam on the ability to metabolize 31 different organic compounds under six groups of substances (carbohydrates, amino-acids, phenols, carboxylic acids, polymers and amines) of marine bacteriplanktonic community in estuaries (Bach Dang estuarine - Haiphong Ba Lat estuary - Thaibinh) and Sam Son coastal (Thanh Hoa), was collected in the dry season (11/2010), with 12 stations on three sampling sites in the river-sea ward

202 Hgi nghi Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghi biin todn quoc lan thu Y

L M O B A U

Vi khuin ddng vai trd quan trgng trong cac chu trinh vgt chat va ddng nang lugng trong cdc he sinh thai, trong qud trinh ty lam sach cua cac hf smh thai ibuy vyc, do dd nghifin ciiu kha nang hap thu va chuyen hda cdc nhdm chat hiiu co, cdc chat him co cua cdc quin xa vi khuan trong mdi trudng la h6t sire ^uan trgng trong cdng nghS iing dyng. Nhung nghien cim vl vi khuin biin va khd nang hap thy, chuyen hda nhilu ca chit ciia quin xa vi khuan bien d Vi$t Nam van cdn it.

Do vgy, trong de tai nghiSn ciiu ve "Nghien cuu cdu true vd bien dgng qudn xd vi rut vd vi khuan ndi trong moi trudng ven bien phia bdc Vi^t Nam...", thi n^i dung nghien ciiu kha nang hip thy cac chit hihi co cua quan xd vi khuin ndi da dugc dat ra. Bdi bdo ndy.

trinh bdy mgt phan ket qud ve kha nang hap thy va chuyin hda 31 hgp chit him co, thupc 6 nhdm chat cua qudn xd vi khuan ndi viing ciia sdng (Bgch Ddng - Hai Phdng, Ba Lat - Thai Binh) vd vimg ven biin Sim Son (Thanh Hda), dugc thu vao miia khd (11/2010), vdi 12 tram tren 3 mgt cdt thu mdu theo chilu sdng-biln.

II. PHU'CNG P H A P NGHlfeN CUtJ 2.1. S(rd6thumliu

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^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ H W ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ H

Hinh 1. So do thu mdu 2.2. Phinmg phdp nghi@n cihi agoki hi^n trudng

Mau nude bien dugc thu bang mdy liy nude chuyen dung (Bathomet), va chiet vao chai sach, vd trimg va bdo qudn ngay trong dilu ki$n 4''C, vd dua ngay vl phdng thi nghiem xir ly.

Tiiu ban Sinh thdi, Mdi trudng vd qudn ly Bien 203

Z.3. Phuvng phap nghien cihi trong phdng thi nghiem

ciu true vd nguyen ly dia sinh thdi - Biolog Ecoplate: Biolog Ecoplate cd 96 gieng, gIm 31 loai hgp chit hiiu ca, phdn thanh 6 nhdm chat (Bdng 1), lap Igi ba lin tren ban gilng.

Moi gilng dugc thi nghiem vdi 150 |iL mdu, nudi trong tdi tai 27°C, trong 16 ngay.

Sau mSi 24h nudi, ban Biolog Ecoplate dugc do mat do quang tai budc sdng 590 nm bdng mdy Microplate reader - BIO RAD Model 680 [5].

Bdng 1. Phdn nhdm 31 nguon cdc bon thi nghiem cd trin bdn Biolog Ecoplate Nhom

chat TN

in

'drat carboh -acic ouiur

Chit thi nghiem

p-Methyl-D-Glucoside D-Galactonic y-Lactone D-Xylose

i-ErythritoI D-Maimitol N-Acetyl-Glucosamine D-Cellobiose Glucose-1 -Phosphate a-D-Lactose

D,L-a-Glycerol Phosphate L-Arginine

L-Asparagine LPhenylalanine L-Serine L-Threonine Glycyl-L-glutamic acid

Ky hieu A2 A3 B2 C2 D2 E2 GI G2 HI H2 A4 B4 C4 D4 E4 F4

Nhdm chit

TN phenols

carboxylic acids polymers

amines H20

Chat thi nghiem

2-Hydroxy Benzoic Acid 4-Hydroxy Benzoic acid Pyruvic Acid Methyl Ester D-Galacturoruc acid Y-Hydroxybutyric acid D-glucosaminic acid Itaconic Acid a-Ketobutyric acid D-Malic Acid Tween 40 Tween 80 a-Cyclodextrin Glycogen Phenylethylamine Putrescine H20

Ky hieu C3 D3 Bl B3 E3 F2 F3 G3 H3 Cl Dl El Fl G4 ! H4 Al

Hoi nghi Khoa hoc vd Cong nghe bien todn quoc idn thic V

lA. Phuong phap xu ly so lieu

- Kha nang hip thu va chuyin hda ngudn cac bon TN trong thi nghiem dugc the hien tren gia tri trung binh phdt triin mdu cua gilng thi nghiem (AWCD - Average well color development). Ket qua dugc tmh cho timg chat thi nghiem (31 chat) va timg nhdm chdt thi nghiem (6 nhdm) theo cdng thuc:

AWCDch4t thi nghi^m - (AWCDgigngl + A W C D g i 6 , g 2 + AWCDgi£„g3)/3 - AWCDgigng d6i chine

- ciu true cua quin xa vi khuin ndi khu vyc nghien cim dua tren sy tuong ddng kha nang hdp thu cac chdt hiru ca bdng phuang phap phdn nhdm (UPGMA) dya tren he so tuong ddng, vdi pham mem XLSTA T 2010.

- He sd tuang quan R2, dp lech chudn, do thi, bieu do vdi phan mem Microsoft Excel.

m . KET QUA VA THAO L U ^ 3.1. Khd nang hap thu cac chat hihi ca cua ciia quin xa vi khuin

iiil ^{i 1}

carbox/lic phenols pol^me:^

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Amino- amines carbo- carboxylic phenols polvmers acids hydrates acids

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Ammo- amines carbo- carboryiic phenols polyme

Hinh 2. Kha nang hdp thu cac nhom chdt thi nghiem

Tieu ban Sinh thdi, Moi tncdng vd qudn ty Bien 205

Tir kit qua hmh 2 cho thiy, kha nang hap thu 6 nhdm chdt hiiu co thi nghifm d 3 mgt cdt cd xu hudng tuong ty nhau va tuomg ty vai gia tri trung binh cua cd khu vyc nghien cihi. Trong dd, khd nang hap thy cua quan xa vi khuan ndi cd xu hudng bien dpng gidm din tir nhdm chat polymers, vd lan lugt tdi nhdm chat carboxylic-acids, carbo-hydrates, amino-acids, phenols vd cuoi ciing la nhdm amines. Nhung trung binh tong cua Idid nang hip thy 6 nhdm chit thi nghi?m Igi gidm tir MCn, din MCm vd MCI (bdng 2).

Bdng 2. Gid tri trung binh tong khd ndng hap^ thu 6 nhdm chdt cua vi khudn tren cdc mgt cdt

M?it cit MCI MCII MCIII

Trung binh AWCD 0,40 0,51 0,45

Triing binh dp If ch chu4n 0,23 0,17 0,24 Ket qud hap thy timg chit thi nghi$m (31 chat) dugc thi hien tren hinh 3.

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A4 B 4 i & * | 0 4 ! E4! F4iG4iH4 A2 A3iB2 1C2lD2! £ 2 , G 1 : G 2 I H I , H2; B? B3| E3; FJ.F31

206 Hdi nghi Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghi biin todn quoc lan thu V

1

C2|D2JE2|G1|G2] 3 | E 3 I F 2 | F3JG3JH,3 C 3 | D 3 1 C I | D I |

|phano[s| polymers

Hinh 3. Khd ndng hdp thi^ 31 logi chdt hiiu cakhdc nhau

Tir hinh 3 cho thiy, tuong ty nhu xu hudng bien dgng khd nang hip thu cac hgp chat hiiu CO d cdc MC (hinh 2) thi kha nang hap thy 31 chat hiiu co thi nghiSm d cd 3 mgt cat cung cd xu hudng biin d^ng tuong tu. Tron^ dd, cac chit dugc hip thy nhieu nhdt la El, E2, E3, E4, va cac chat dugc hap thy thip nhdt la C4, G4, HI vd C3.

3.2. Bien dpng kha nang hip thu cdc chit huu cff cua quin xa vi khuin

TUT ket qua hinh 4 cho thay, MCI cd Xu huong tang khd ndng hip thy cac nhdm chdt thi nghi$m theo huong sdng bien (tii tram D-d&n, Dl-M, tai D2-M, nhimg gidm tgi trgm D3- M). Tai MCn ciing cd xu hudng tdng theo hudng sdng biin (tu tram Bl-M, B2-M, B3-M, nhirag tdng trong tram B-dim). Ngugc Igi, tgi MCIII Igi cd xu hudng giam nhimg tdng tgi trarn xa nhdt (S3-M). Nhu vay, cd till cho rdng tai MC cua sdng thi xu hudng tdng theo chilu sdng biin, va tgi MC chilu cdt (MCm) thi giam theo hudng sdng biin nhimg qua vj tri "mixing zone" - dilm giao thoa ciia 2 ddng nude sdng vd bien, thi lai thiy xu hudng biin ddi khdc (S3, D3), day cd thi Id do sy thay ddi moi trudng^ ngugc nhau theo hudng sdng biin vd biin sdng, dac bi$t dilu nay cung da thiy trong nhifiu nghien ciiu trudc khdc [2,3,4,5,6,7].

Tiiu ban Sinh thdi, Mdi trudng vd qudn ly Biin 207

• Dam a U I 0 2-^ D3-M

I I I

lu K ill

MCI MCII

BAmino-acids a cartxiqiic acids

I BAmlno-acids •amines ncarbo-hvdral ' a carboxyl 0 adds •phenols ap"lymfr

1

a Amino-aclds • amines 0 carbo-hydrates | acarboxi^c ar-ds Bphenols Qpolymers '

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in ^'

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S-ahm SVM S2-M S3-M

Hinh 4: Bien dgng khd nang hap thi^ cdc nhdm chdt thi nghiem theo mat cdt vd trgm 3.3. c i u tnic quan xa vi khuin n6i khu vyc nghien cuu qua su- hip thy chat hvu ctf

ciu t [ ^ theo iih6m chit thi nghifm

: ? : ^ j ? E E j E j : s : s s .._s_3_S a 5_s I a 5 ^ " ^

Cau true tbeo

1 0-45

" 0.65 0.85

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chit tbi nghi$m

1 1

? J s s s s s

Hinh 5. Cau true cua qudn xa vi khudn noi khu vycc nghien cuu dua tren su tuang dong khd nang hap thyi cdc chat hint ca bang phuong phdp phdn nhdm (UPGMA)

208 HQI nghi Khoa hgc va Cong nghe bien toan quoc lan thir V Tir hinh 5 cho thiy, c4u tnic cua quSn xa vi khuin n6i khu vuc nghien cilu o miic dp hip thu cac nhom chit va miic do cac chit thi nghiem dSu dugc chia thanh 3 nhom, nhung ciu tnic cac nhom c6 su khac nhau. Trong do, m6i quan he cua vi khuin giQa cac tram 6 miic do nhom chit cao hon so vdi mile do chit thi nghiem. Qua day ta thiy kha nang hip thu 6 lihom chit va 31 chit huu co thi nghiem cua vi khuin thuoc cac tram, mSt cat trorig khu vyc nghien ciiu co sir tuong d6ng a miic do kh^c nhau, cao nhat 84% (miic nhom chat) giOa D1 -M va D2-M, 49% giOa B1 -M va B2-M (chit)

3.4. TiroBg quan kha nang hap thli cac chat huu cff cua quan xa vi khuan vol m§t so yeu to moi trircmg

Bang 3. H( sS tuan^ quan (R') giiia kha nang hdp thu cdc nhom chdt thi nghi$m vai mpl so yiu to moi truang cua qudn xd vi khudn noi khu vice nghiin cihi

<

MCI

Mcn

MCffl 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 S%, SiOj''

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s

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on

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0 05 0 31 019 0 03 0 02 0.01 0.07 0 03 0 0

s

0.44 0 50 0.48 041 0.41 0.28 0.42 042 0 07 0 25 0 03 0.27 0 06 034 0.19 0.18 010 0 04 001 0,02 014 0.25 001

9

0 53 0 52 0.53 0.60 0 56 0,60 0 56 100 0 80 0.82 0.63 054 0 68 058 0,61 0 86 0 30 021 0,03 0 01 0 01 006 0,03

1

0 60 060 0,61 0,67 064 0,67 064 039 007 028 005 0 27 0 07 0 29 0 25 020 004 007 000 005 0 02 0,02 0 00 H

1

0 21 0 20 0,21 0,27 024 029 023 0,27 0 01 0 08 000 012 0 00 0 22 0,04 0,05 0,01 0,00 0,11 0 25 015 015 0 09 B

0 00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,04 0.00 000 016 001 016 0,01 0,12 001 0,00 0,04 0,06 0,01 003 004 0,21 0,34 0,03

1

0,02 0,04 003 0,02 0,01 0,00 0,02 0,00 013 000 0,12 0,01 0,09 0 00 0,00 0,02 005 0,01 004 0,04 023 0,37 0,04

1

0,14 018 017 014 013 0 07 0,14 020 0,01 0.15 0 00 013 0 01 012 0,16 008 005 0,01 0,03 0,03 0,22 0 36 0,04

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1

0,07 0,10 010 0,07 0,06 0,02 0,07 0,12 0 00 0 07 000 0,06 0.00 0 06 0,09 0,03 0 06 0,01 0 03 0 03 0 20 0,34 0,03

1

0,04 0 06 0 05 0 03 0,03 0,00 0 03 0,80 100 086 053 0.92 054 080 0.71 055 008 0 02 001 0 01 0.17 0.30 0.02

ta o jp S

0.05 0.07 006 0 05 004 0 01 004 0.17 0,00 0,11 0 00 0 09 000 009 0,12 0,05 004 0,01 0,04 O05 023 037 004 o

1

0 01 0 03 0 02 0,01 001 0,00 001 0,13 0,53 0,23 0,54 0,25 048 018 0,18 0 33 0 09 0,02 0,01 0 01 016 0,29 001

>

S

1,00 1.00 1.00 0.99 1.0O 057 1.00 0,82 0,86 1,00 0,89 0.96 0.93 0 74 054 05S 100 055 0,84 0,77 0,57 0,42 0,83 s s

1.00 1.00 1.00 0.99 0.99 0.95 0.95 0.63 053 0.89 1,00 0,84 1,00 0 60 0,85 052 0.95 100 0 89 0,77 0,70 056 0,90 o

2

1.00 1.00 100 0.99 1.00 0.96 1.00 0.94 0.92 056 084 1,00 0.88 0,89 0,80 058 0,84 0 89 100 056 051 0,80 1.00

1

i)

3

059 059 059 1,00 1.00 058 1.00 0.68 0.94 053 1X10 0,88 100 064 0,87 055 0,77 0,T7 056 1,00 086 0,75 055

i

o

3

1.00 059 1.00 1.00 100 05S 1.00 058 0.80 074 0.60 0,89 064 1,00 0,49 081 0 57 0,70 051 0,86 1,00 057 052

3

057 055 056 0.98 058 1,00 058 061 071 054 085 0 80 087 049 1,00 0,86 0,42 0,56 080 075 057 1,00 0,81 H

1,00 059 1.00 IM 1.00 0,9S 100 086 055 05S 052 0.9S 0.95 081 0.86 1.00 083 0.90 W 055 052 081 1.00

Tieu pan Sinh that, Moi truong va qudn ly Bien 209

Tu bang 3 cho thiy, kha nang hap thu 6 nhom chat huu ca tlii nghiem ciia quin xa vi khuin thupc MCI va MCIII la khong co su tucmg quan vdi cac yiu t6 moi tnrdng nghien ciiu, nhung 6 MCII thi kha nang liip thu nhom chit carbo-hydrates va phenols c6 tuong quan chat voi yeu to do man, Icha nang hap thu nhom cliit amines, carbo-hydrates va carboxyhc-acids co tuong quan chat vdi yeu to nong dg mu6i silicate trong m6i truang (SiOj •)• Mat khac, tuang quan chat giOa kha nang hip thu cac nhom chit hiru ca gap a tit ca cac nhom chit tai MCI, nhung it hon a MCII va MCIII, diSu nay cho thiy quin xa vi khuan o MCI c6 kha nang hip thu 6 nhom chit thi nghiem rit chat vai nhau, co thS la le thupc vao nhau va kha nSng hip thu da nhom chit thi nghiem cua cung vi khuin la rit cao so vai MCII va MCIII.

IV. KET LUAN

1. Kha nang hap thu 6 nhom chat va 31 chat hiru co thi nghiem co cung xu huong biin dpng tren 3 mjt cit nghien cilu, giam din lin lupl tir nhom chit polymers, carboxylic- acids, carbo-hydrates, amino-acids, phenols va nhom amines, va t6ng Idia nSng hip thu cac nhom chit thi giam tit MCII, din MCIII va MCI. Trong do, cac chit dupe hip thu nhiju nhit la El, E2, E3, E4, va cac chit dugc hip thu thip nhit la C4, G4, HI va C3.

2. Tai MC cita song (MCI, MCII) thi kha ntag hip thu 6 nhom chit thi nghiem tSng theo chiiu song biin (MCI tii D-dim, DI-M, D2-M, nhung giam tai D3-M; MCII tir Bl-M, B2-M, B3-M, nhimg tang tai B-dam), ngugc lai voi MC bai chiiu cat (MCIII trir tram S3-M tSng) nhung qua diem "mix" thi xu huong ngugc lai (S3, D3).

3. Cau tnic ciia quin xa vi khuan noi khu vuc ngiiien cihi a mu:c do hip thu 6 nhom chit va 31 chat hOoi co thi nghiem deu dugc chia thanh 3 nhom, va su tuang dong 6 miic nhom chit cao nhit la 84% giiia Dl-M va D2-M, a miic chit la 49% giira Bl-M va B2-M.

4. Khong CO su tucmg quan vai cac yiu to moi truong nghien ciiu vdi kha nSng hip thu 6 nhom chat thi nghiem ciia quan xS vi khuan thugc MCI va MCIII, nhung co tuang quan chat giira kha nSng hap thu nhom chat carbo-hydrates va phenols vdi to do m5n, va 3 nhom chat amines, carbo-hydrates, carboxylic-acids vdi yiu t6 ning dg mudi silicate (Si03^") a MCII- Va co tuong quan chat giiia kha nang hip thu cac nhom chat hiiu CO 6 tit ca cac nhom chit tai MCI, nhimg it hon a MCII va MCIII.

210 = _ _ ^ //p/ nghi Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghj biin todn qudc lan thir V

TAI LIEU THAM KHAO

1. Bouvier TC, del Giorgio PA, 2002. Compositionai changes in free-Iiving bacterial communities along a salinity gradient in two temperate estuaries. Limnol Oceanogr 47:- 453-470.

2. Cottrell MT, Kirchman DL, 2004. Single-cell analysis of bacterial growth, cell size, and community structure in the Delaware estuary. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 34: 139- 149.

3. Crump BC, Hopkinson CS, Sogin ML, Hobbie JE, 2004. Microbial biogeography along an estuarine salinity gradient: combined influences of bacterial growth and residence time. Appl Environ Microbiol 70: 1494-1505.

4. Goni-Uniza MS, Point D, Amouroux D, Guyoneaud R, Donard OFX, Caumette P, Duran R, 2007. Bacterial community structure along the Adour estuary (French Atlantic coast): influence of salinity gradient versus metal contamination. Aquat Microb Ecol 49: 47-56.

5. Heribert Insam and Marta Gobema, 2004. Use of Biologr_ for the Commimity Level Physiological Profiling (CLPP) of environmental samples. Molecular Microbial Ecology Manual, Second Edition 4.01: 853-860.

6. Rappe MS, Vergin K, Giovarmoni SJ, 2000. Phylogenetic comparisons of a coastal bacterioplankton community with its counterparts in open ocean and fireshwater systems. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 33: 219-232.

7. Troussellier M, Schafer H, Batailler N, Bernard L, Courties C, Lebaron P, Muyzer G, Servais P, Vives-Rego J, 2002. Bacterial activity and genetic richness along an estuarine gradient (Rhone River plume, France). Aquat Microb Ecol 28: 13-24.

Ngwdi dgc nhgn xit: TS. Mai Sy Tuan