m KV NIEM 130 NAM NGAY SINH CUA CHO TjCH HO LMI iviiwn
NHONG SANG TAO CUA HO CHI MINH VE CHU N G H I A XA HOI VA XAY DUNG
CHU NGHIAXA HoidVIET NAM- GIA TRI VASlivAN DUNG
• PGS, TS HO TRQNG HOAI
* TS NGUYEN THJ HOA Vien Chu nghia xa hQi khoa hoc.
Hoc vien Chinh tri quoc gia Ho Chi Minh
• Tdm tat: Chu tich Ho Chi Minh - Anh hiing gidi phdng ddn tpc, danh nhdn vdn hda the gidi dd ddnh trpn cupc ddi minh cho sti nghiep cdeh mang eua ddn tdc. Ngiidi da de lai eho Ddng ta, dan tdc ta mdt di sdn tU ttidng, ly ludn phong phti, dae sde. Trong di sdn do, tu ttidng cua Ngiidi ve ehii nghia xahdivd xdy diing ehu nghia xdhdi Id mdt bd phdn dac biet quan trpng. Bii viet tap trung lam sdng to hdn nhiing edng hien sdng tao cua Ngtidi ve chu nghia xahdivd con dudng xdy dting chd nghia xd hdi d Viet Nam vd y nghia doi vdi cdeh mang ntidc ta trong giai doan hien nay.
• Tii khda: Hd Cht Minh, ehu nghia xdhdi.
1. Nhimg nhan thiic sang tjo ve chu nghia tdn. Sdm hay mudn, quanhesanxuStddsebithay
xa hfli thSbdlmdtquanh$sanxuStmdiagnbo,phuhop Thunhit, sing tao trong each tigp can vS die vdi ttinh do phat trien cua luc luong san xuft.
trung ciia chii ngMa xa hoi Theo Idgic ay, chii nghia xa hdi la mdt chS do Nghien cuu lich silnhan loai, cac nha kinh dien xa hdi tdt dep hon, tien bd hon chu nghia tu ban cua chu nghia Mac - Lenin da khang dinh, dit ca ve kinh t6, chinh tti, van hda, xa hpi.
quanh co, phuc tap song cuoi ciing nhta loai se Tuy nhign, vdi hoan canh Viet Nam, mot nude tten ISn chu nghiaxa hdi. Tifo len chi nghlaxahdi thupc dia nua phong kien tign len chu nghia xa la tat yeu khach quan boi su phat Wen ciia luc hdi thi chii nghia xa hdi dd cd dac thu gi so vdi lupng san xuft tu ban chii nghia da dSn muc nhung hinh dung cua cac nha kinh diSn mac khdng thS tuong dung vdi quan he sSn xuat hien xit?. Dd la van di khdng d§ tti ldi. Cudi cung qua
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ttai nghiem cd nhdn vd trin co sd phirong phdp ludn duy vdt mdc xit, Hd Chi Minh dd trd ldi chinh xdc cdu hdi dd. Theo dd, Viet Nam se tien lin chu nghia xd hgi va chu nghia xd hdi 6 Viet Nam Id nhiing gi bmh di nhat song cung cdp thilt nhdt md cudc sdng dang ddt ra cbo ddn tdc, cho mdi ngudi dan.
Theo Hd Cht Minh, chu nghia xd hpi tnroc bet la dpc lap eho dan tdc, tu do cho ddng bao. Ngay tCrnhimgnam 1920, Ngtrdi da bOc bcicb, "tirdo eho ddng bdo tdi, dpc lap cho Td qudc tdi, day la tdt cd nhung dilu tdi mudn, ddy Id tat ca nhiing dilu tdi hilu". Muc tilu ay, khat vpng ay Id tbudng true, chay bong ttong tu tuong, tinh cam, xuyen thdm ttong ldi ndi, hdnh ddng eua Ngudi. Tuy nhiln, theo Hd Chi Mmh, nude dOc lap ma ddn khdng dugc tu do, hanh phuc tbi dgc lap dy cung chang de lam ^ . Vi vdy, chd ngbia xd hgi cdn la mdt che do xd hdi "ldm cbo dan khdi ddi, khdi ret, lam cho dan dugc hgc hdnh". Chung ta cd till xem dd Id ddc trung tdng qudt cua ehii nghia xd hgi Viet Nam ttong thdi ky qua do lin chd nghia xd hdi.
Ngodi nhdn thiic ve dde tnmg chung cua chu nghia xa hdi nhu ttln, ttln tung Hnh virc chu yeu cua ddi sdng xa hdi, Hd Chi Minh cung cd nhung quan diem rat dpc ddo, sdt thuc, thich hgp vdi dieu h e n cua Viet Nam. Trong ede quan diem do, khia canh van hda, con ngirdi rat dupe chu ttpng.
Ngudi nhan thuc rdng, su nghilp xay dung chu n ^ a xd hgi la lau dai, khd khan, gian khd, vi vay cdn cd nhirng eon ngirdi cd pham chat tuong iing.
Ngirdi ndi, "mudn xdy dung chu nghia xd hpi, tnrdc bit cdn cd nhiing con ngirdi xd hpi chu nghia"... D l cd con ngirdi xd hOi ehu nghia, Dang can kiln tri tiln hdnh mgt su nghilp ttdng ngudi mdt cdch cd klhoach va that su khoa hgc bdi "vi lpi ich 10 nam phai ttdng cay, vi lgi ieh ttam nam phai ttdng ngudi". Trong Ban Di chuc lich su, Ngudi cung khdng quIn cdn ddn Dang ta "Bdi
dudng the he cdeh mang eho ddi sau la vile ldm rdt quan ttgng vd rat can thilt"...
Trong su nghilp vl dai dd, Hd Chi Minh ddc bilt quan tdm giao due eon ngudi mdt cdch toan diln, cd hai mdt Hdng vd Chuyin, ttong dd Ngtrdi khdng dinh, Diic Id gdc. Yi vdy, ddi vdi dpi ngu can bd, dang viln phai ddc biet quan tdm chdng chu nghia cd nhan...
Ngudi cho rdng, "chu nghia cd nhdn la mdt ttd ngai ldn cho vile xdy dung chu nghia xd hdi. Cho n i n thdng lgi ciia chu nghia xd hdi khdng thi tdch rdi thdng lpi cua cugc ddu ttanh tru bd chii nghia cd nhdn"'", song "khdng cd c b i do nao tdn ttgng eon ngudi, chii y xem xit nhirng lgi ich cd nhan dung ddn va bao dam cho nd dugc thoa mdn bdng ehl dd xd hdi ehungbJa"'^', v.v.. Do dd, ttong quan diem eua Hd Chi Mmh, chii ngbia xd hdi mang ban chdt nhan van vd van hda. Chu nghia xi hdi la mgt cdng trinh vinhda.
Thdhai, sing tao trong xac dinh mgc tidu vi ddng luc cua chu nghia xa hdi
Van dung va phdt triln sdng tao ehii n ^ a Mac - LInin, Hd Chi Minh dd de ra cdc muc tilu chimg va muc tilu cu tbi d l xdy dung chii nghia xd hdi d nude ta ttong moi giai doan cdeh mang khde nhau.
Theo Ngudi, dgc trung tdng quat cua chu nghia xd hdi d Viet Nam Id ddc lap, tu do cho Td qudc, hanh phuc cho nhan dan. Ngudi ndi: "Toi chi cd mdt syham mudn, ham mudn tdt bdc, lalam sao eho nuoc ta dugc hoan toan dgc lap, dan ta dupe hodn todn tu do, ddng bdo ai ciing cd com dn do mdc, ai ciing dupe hpc hanh"'^'.
Vdi Hd Chi Minh, chu nghia xd hdi cdn la nhiing ^ rdt cu the, thiet thuc. Theo Ngudi, "Muc dich eua chii ngbia xd hdi la ^? Ndi mgt cdch don gidn vd d l hieu Id: khdng ngimg ning cao ddi sdng vat chit va tinh than cua nhan din, trudc bet la nhan dan lao dpng", hay "Muc dich cua chu nghia xd hpi la khdng ngdng ndng cao muc sdng
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KY N | £ M 130 N A M N G A Y SINH CUA CHU T K h n u «.m m..Chii tich Ho Chi Minh doc Bdn Tuyen ngon Doc lap khai sinh nirdc Viet Nam ddn chU cong hoa, ngdy 2-9-1945, tai Qudng tru&ng Ba Dinh - Hd Noi _ Anh: TL
cua nhdn ddn"''"; cdch diln gidi thanh cdc tieu chi eu the: "ehu nghia xd hdi la lam sao cho nhdn dan du dn, dii mac, ngay cdng sung sudng, ai ndy dupe di hpc, dm dau ed thuoc. gia khdng lao ddng dugc thi nghi, nhiing phong tuc tdp qudn khdng tdt ddn dan dugc xoa bd... Tdm lai. xa hgi ngay cdng tiln, vat chdt ngay cang tdng, tinh than ngdy cdng tdt, dd la chu nghia xd hpi"'^'.
De di tdi muc tilu cudi cung eua chd nghia xa hgi, tdt yeu phai phdt huy hieu qua cac dpng luc xd hdi. Theo quan diem ciia chii nghia Mac - Lenin, ddng luc co ban cua su phat ttien lich su la boat dpng thuc tiln ciia con ngudi phu bop quy ludt khdch quan. Vi vay. suy cho cung, con ngudi vira Id muc tilu, viia Id ddng luc cua xa hdi tiidng qua boat ddng cai bien tij nhien, xd hdi vd chinh ban tiidn con ngudi.
Van dung quan diem dd, Hd Chi Minh cho rdng can phai phdt hien nhung ddng tuc va nhiing dilu
kiln bdo dam cho ddng luc dd thuc su ttd thdnh sue manh thtic day edng cudc xdy dung chii ngbia xd hdi. nhdt Id nhung ddng luc b i n ttong. ngudn ngi luc cua chu nghia xa hdi. Ngudi khdng dinh, ddng luc quan trpng vd quyet dinh nhdt la eon ngirdi. Ngirdi nhan ti^dy nhdn ddn la ngudn ddng lire vi dai md ndng edt la cdng - ndng - tri thiic.
Ngudi ndi, "van d l con ngudi la hit siic quan ttgng. Nha may cung can cd thIm, ed sdm, nhung can hon la con ngudi. Id su phdn khdi eua qudn chung. Lam tdt ca la do eon ngudi"'^'. Yi le dd, ttong sudt cupc ddi nunh. Hd Chi Minh ludn phdn ddu cho con ngudi, vi con ngudi.
Khdng cbi tim mpi each de phat huy vai ttd nhan td eon ngudi, net sdng tao mdi ciia Hd Chi Minh la d chd, ben canh viec chi ra cae ngudn luc phdt triln cua chu nghia xd hdi, Ngudi cdn luu y, cdnh bao va ngdn ngira cdc ylu td kim ham. tiiet tilu ngudn luc vdn cd cua chu nghia xd hdi, lam
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cho chii nghia xa hdi ttd nen tri tte, xa cung, khdng hdp ddn, do la tham d, Idng phi, quan lilu,v.v.. Chinh vi till, Ngudi p h i phdn ehu nghia cd nhdn, d l cao tinh thdn ddc lap, tu chu, tu luc canh sinh la chinh, ddng thdi chii ttpng ttanh thii si; gilip dd, hgp tac qudc t l , kit hgp sue mgnh dan tdc vdi siic mgjih thdi dai d l tao ra siic manh ting hgp xdy dyng thanh cdng chu ngbia xd hdi, ttln CO sd dam cde quyen ddn tgc co ban.
Tbiiba, sing tao tronglua chgn con dudngxay di;ngchd nghia xi hgi
Dl cap din qua trinh xay dung chu nghia cdng san, C.Mdc cho rdng, "Giiia xa hdi tu ban chu nghia vdxd hdi cdng san chu nghia Id mgt thdi ky c^ biln cdch mang tii xa hdi ng sang xd hpi kia.
Thich ling vdi thdi ky dy la mgt thdi ky qud dd chinh tri, vd nhd nude cua thdi ky dy khdng the la cii gi khde hon la nen chuyin chinh cdch mang cda giai cdp vd sdn"*^'. Tren eo sd phan tich d$c dilm ciia nhan loai giai doan d l qudc chu nghia, V.LLImn khdng dmh, "vdi su giup dd ciia giai cdp vo san cdc nude tien tien, cdc nude lae bau eo the tiln tdi c h i dd xd-vilt, vd qua nhung giai doan phdt trien nhdt dinh, tiln tdi chu ngbia cdng san, khdng phdi qua giai doan phdt trien tu bdn chii nghla"'^'. Dieu nay cho thdy, cd hai hinh thiic qua dd len chd, nghia xd hdi: true tiip va gian tiip.
Vdi Hd Chf Minh, chu trinh van dgng ciia lich sii xd hpi lodi ngirdi dugc phdc hga nhu sau: "Tir cdng san nguyen thuy d i n e h l do nd ll, din e h l do phong kiln, din c h i dd tu ban, den ehu nghia xa hdi (edng san) - ndi chung tiii lodi ngirdi phdt triln theo quy luat nhdt dinh nhu vdy. Nhung tuy hoan canh, ma cac dan tgc phat triln theo con dudng khdc nhau. Cd nude thi di thdng din chii nghia xd hgi (cdng san) nhu Lien Xd. Cd nude thi phai kmh qua c h i do dan chu mdi, rdi tiln len chii nghia xd hdi (cdng san) - nhu cdc nude Ddng Au, Trung Qudc, Vilt Nam ta, v.v.. "'^'. ISTbu vay, Hd
Cbi Minh thiia nhdn, qua do ldn chu nghia xd hdi dVilt Nam la qua dp gidn tiip.
Tir nhdn thue dd, Hd Chi Minh dd chi ra nhiing dde dilm ldn ma qud trinh xdy dung chii nghia xd hpi d Viet Nam can phai quan tdm va ddc diem ldn nhdt la tu mdt nude ndng nghiep lac hdu tiln thdng len chu nghia xa hgi khdng phai kinh qua giai doan phdt trien tuban chii nghia'^"'.
Dde diem ndy the biln ttong tdt cd cdc linh vuc cua ddi song xi hdi. Do do, xay dung ehii nghia xa hdi d nude ta la mdt cudc ddu ttanh each mang phiic ttip, gian khd vd Idu ddi.
Ngudi chi rd: "CuOc cdch mang xd hpi ehii nghia la mgt cudc bien ddi khd khdn nhdt va sdu sdc nhdt. Chiing ta phai xdy dung mpt xd hdi hoan todn mdi xua nay chua timg cd ttong lieh sit dan tdc ta. Chiing ta phai thay ddi triet d l nhiing nep sdng, thdi quen, y nghi va thdnh kiln cd gdc rl sau xa hang ngdn ndm. Chung ta phdi thay ddi quan he sdn xudt cu, xda bd giai edp bde lot, xay dung quan he san xudt mdi khdng cd bdc Idt dp biic. Mudn the chiing ta phdi ddn ddn biln nuoc ta tir mdt nude ndng nghiep lac hau thanh mgt nude cdng nghilp""". Tuy nhiln, mudn "tiln len chd nghta xa hdi" thi khdng phdi "cii ngdi md cbd^' la se cd dupe chii nghia xd hdi. Nlu nhdn ddn ta mgi ngudi cd gdng, phan khdi thi dua xdy dung, thi thdi ky qua dd cd tbi nit ngdn hon.
Theo dd, Hd Chi Minh khdng dinh. phai tao ra nhiing dilu kiln cdn va dii vl co sd vat chdt; ddng thdi. Dang phdi "ldnh dao todn ddn thuc hien ddn chu mdi. xdy dung dieu kiln d l tiln len chii nghia xd hdi""^'. Phat trien luc lupng san xudt Id van de mdu chdt, tdng ndng sudt lao ddng tren co sd cdng nghilp hda xd bdi chii ngbia, cung vdi tiiilt lap quan h i sdn xudt, co e h l qudn \f kinh te, eo cdu thdnh phdn kinh tl, nganh, vung. ldnh thd ttong thdi ky qud do. Dae bilt Id phai giii vung vd phdt huy vai trd lanh dao ciia Dang; quan tdm
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K V N I E M 130 N A M NGAY SINH C O A CHU TjCn r Cling cd md rdng Mat ttdn dan tdc thdng nhat.ndng edt la liln minh cdng nhdn - ndng dan - tri thlic, dudi su ldnh dao cua Dang, nhdm khdng ngimg tang cudng khdi dai doan kit ddn tgc vi sir nghiep xdy dung chu nghia xd hdi.
Thu tu, sing tao trong phuang thix vi bien phip xiy dung ch u nghia xi hdi
Di xay dung chii nghia xa hpi thdnh edng, van d l cd y nghia quan ttpng ddc bilt la, phai tun tdi phuong thirc, biln phap vdi budc di, cdch lam phu hpp vdi dilu kiln lich sii cu the ciia ddt nude, ddng thdi phii hgp vdi ddc dilm vd xu t h i ciia thdi dai. V.LLenm da chi ra rdng: "tat cd ede ddn tgc diu tiln tdi chii nghia xa hdi khdng phai mdt cdch hoan toan gidng nhau; mdi dan tpc se dua ddc diem cua minh vao Mnh thuc ndy bay hinh thiie khdc cua ehl do ddn ehii, vdo loai nay hay loai khdc cda chuyin chinh vd san, vao nhip do ndy bay nhip dp khdc cua viec cdi tao xa hdi chu nghia ddi vdi eac mat khde nhau eiia chu nghia xd hpi"'^^'.
r ^ d n tiiuc ddy du, sdu sdc tinh tiian do, Hd Chi Mmh nhdn dinh, "ttong tinh hinh qudc t l hiln nay, nhiing ddc dilm ddn tgc vd nhiing dieu kien rilng bilt d tung nude ngdy cang ttd thdnh nhdn td quan ttgng ttong vile vEich ra chinh sdch ctia mdi ddng edng sdn va moi dang cdng nhdn"'"'.
Hd Cbi Minh ddt van dl, "chiing ta phai dung nhiing phuong phap gi, hmh thiie gi, di theo toe dp ndo d l tiln dan l&n chii nghia xa hdi?,... phai dung lap trudng, quan diem, phuong phdp ehii ngbia Mdc - LInin ma tdng kit nhiing ldnh nghilm cua Dang ta, phdn tich mdt cdch dung ddn nhung dac dilm eua nude ta. Cd nhu thi, chung ta mdi cd the ddn ddn hilu dugc quy ludt phdt triln cua cdeh mang \^et Nam, dinh ra dugc nhung dudng ldi, phuong cham, budc di cu thi cua cdch mang xd hdi chu ngbia thich hop vdi tmh hinh nude ta" '^^'. Ngudi cting luu y rdng, can
phai quan tam nhung dae dilm rieng vi tiiiyln thdng lieh su - vdn hda cua ddn tpc, dia ly, tdi nguyin, ddt dai, eon ngudi Viet Nam vdi nhirng dac diem vd t h i chat, tinh thdn, v.v.. de lam cdn cii, dinh ra phuong cham, bien phdp phii hgp ttong xdy dung chu ngbia xd bgi 6 nude ta.
Ve phuong ehdm, theo Ngudi, cdn phdi qudn tiiet nguyin If co ban cua ehii ngbia Mac - Lenin ve xay dung che dd mdi, cd till tham khdo, hge tap kinh nghiem eua cde nirdc anh em, nhung khdng sao chip, may mdc, gido dieu. Ddng thdi xdc dinh budc di vd biln phdp xdy dung chu nghia xd hgi phai xuat phdt tu dieu kiln thue tl, dde diem dan tgc, nhu cau vd khd ndng thuc t l cua nhdn ddn.
Vl biln phdp, cdch thiic tien hdnh xdy dung chu nghia xa hdi d Viet Nam, Ngudi ludn nhdc nhd phai neu eao tinh than doe lEip, tu ehii, sdng tao, chdng gido dieu, rap khudn, phdi suy nghi, thn tdi, sang tao ra each lam phii hgp vdi thuc tiln Viet Nam. Trong timg buoe di vd edch lam de xdy dung chd nghia xd hdi d miln Bdc, phai thuc hiln kit hgp giiia hai nhiem vu chiln lupe: Tien hanh each mang xd hdi chii ngbia d mien Bde vd gidi phdng mien Nam, thdng nhdt ddt nude. Khi d l qudc My md rpng chiln ttanh ra mien Bdc, khau hieu "vua sdn xuat, viia chiln ddu", "viia chdng My Cliu niroe, vira xdy dung chu nghia xd hpi", ed t h i eoi la mdt sdng tao eua Viet Nam.
Trong dieu kiln chiing ta tien len xdy dung chd nghia xd hdi ttr mpt nude ndng nghiep Ige hau, bi chiln ttanh tan pha, v.v.. Ho Chi Minh chu truong phai kit hop cai tao vdi xay dung tten tdt ea cac linh vue, ma xay dimg la chu chdt va lau ddi; xdy dung ehii ngbia xd bdi Id su nghiep cua dan, do dan, vi dan, vi vdy each ldm la dem tai cua ddn, siic dan, cua ddn de ldm lgi cho ddn; ddng thdi Ngudi nhdn manh vai ttd quyit dinh cua bien phdp td chiic thuc hien. Cbi tilu mpt, bien phap
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mudi, quyit tam bai muoi.... cdnhuthe klhoach mdi hoan tiidnh tdt dupe.
Thdm nhudn ly ludn Mae - LInm vl vai trd quan chung nhdn dan, Hd Chi Minh cho rdng, phdi huy ddng hit tiim ndng, ngudn luc cd ttong dan de dem lai lai ich cho ddn. Ndi each khac, phai biln su nghilp xdy dyng ehu nghia xd hpi thanh sir nghiep ciia toan dan do Ddng ldnh dao.
Vai ttd ldnh dao cua Dang la tap hgp luc luong, de ra dudng ldi, chinh sach d l huy ddng triet d l cac ngudn luc cua ddn, vi lpi ich cua quan chiing nhan dan. Day ciing chinh Id net sdng tao ttong phuong tiiiic va biln phdp xay dung chii nghia xa hii 6 nude ta.
2. Quan trif t t u tirong H 6 Chi Minh v l chu Dghia xa hoi trong xay dung d^t nird'c tiien nay ISIhung sdng tao ciia Hd Chi Minh ve chii nghia xa hgi va xdy dung chu nghia xd hdi d Viet Nam da dugc thuc tiln kiem nghiem Id diing ddn va ttd thanh co sd ly ludn quan ttgng cho Dang ta ttong su nghilp xdy dung vd bao vl ddt nude. Trin n i n tang chii nghia Mac - Lenin, tu tudng Hd Cbi Minh, Dang ta dd khdi xudng va ldnh dao cdng cupc ddi mdi. Cd t h i ndi, dd Id qud trinh hen tuc cd su ddi mdi nhan thiic vl chd nghia xa hdi vd con dudng di lin chu nghia xd hgi ttln co sd tdng kit thuc tiln vd nghiln eiiu ly ludn. Nhd ndm vimg va van dung sang tao nhiing nguyin ly co ban ciia chu nghia Mac - Lenin, tu tudng Hd Chi Minh ma Dang dd ldnh dao cdng cupc ddi mdi thu dupe thanh tiiu to ldn, cd y nghia lich sir nhu Tdng Bi tiiu, Chd tich nude Nguyin Phu Trpng da khdng dinh, "Ddt nude ta cbua bao gid cd dupe CO do va vi t b i nhu ngdy nay""^'.
Tuy nhien, ttong tinh hinh mdi, trudc yeu cdu ngay cang eao cua each mang. ehiing ta dang diing trudc hang lo^t nhtmg tiiach tiiiic, khd khdn ttln ca binh diln qudc t l ciing nhu d ttong nude. D l cd thi tdn dung thdi co, vupt qua thach thiic, ttln co
sdnhan tiiiic vd van dung sdng tao tu tudng Hd Chi Minh, can tap tiimg vao nhirng vdn d l sau;
Mgt li, kiln dinh chu nghia Mdc - LInin, tu tudng Hd Chi Minh, kiln dinh muc tilu ddc lap dan tdc gdn lien vdi chu nghia xd hpi. Phdi kien dinh mue tilu nay boi, dd la kit luan md qua ttdi nghiem ca nhan, nghiln cuu ly ludn, tdng kit tiiuc tiln ma Hd Chi Minh da due kit. Theo Ngudi, cdc cudc edch mang tu san ttln t h i gidi la
"cupc each mang chua d i n noi", "bdy gid hpc thuyet nhiiu, chii nghia nhiiu nhung chdn chinh nhat, cdch mang nhdt, dung ddn nhdt Id chii nghia Lenin". Su lua chpn mue tilu dde Idp dan tpc gdn hen ehii nghia xa hdi cung da dupe lich sii kiem chting la dung ddn. Tren till gidi dd tiing ed nhiiu qude gia gianh duge dgc lap song vdn roi vao vdng le thupc chii nghia tu ban. Vi vdy, chi di theo eon dudng xd hdi chii ngbia mdi dem lai ddc Idp ddn tgc that su, tu do, com no, do dm cbo mgi ngudi ddn Viet Nam.
Hai la, cdeh mang xd hdi chu nghia la cudc each mang sdu sdc, todn dien, khd khdn, lau ddi, vi vdy phai tiing bude hien thuc hda nhiing gid tri ciia chu nghia xd hdi ttong ddi sdng.
Bai hgc tir vile nghien ciiu tu tudng Hd Chi Minh vl chu nghia xa hdi vd con dudng lin chu ngbia xa bdi cbo thdy, d Hd Chi Minh, chii ngbia xd hdi khdng ehi la moudc, la khat vgng triru tugng ma bit sue cu thi, gdn giii vdi cudc sdng con ngudi.
Dd la dpc lap cho ddn tpc, la com no, do am. dupe hge hanh eua moi ngirdi dan. Chu nghia xa hdi la lam cho ddn khdi ddi, khoi ret, khoi mu chir. ..Vi le dd, mdi nguoi ddn deu nhdn thdy chu nghia xd hdi hiln hiru ttong cupc sdng. Do Id co sd tir do bmh tiianh nilm tin vao chu ngbia xd hdi.
Ba la, qud trinh truyen ba, phat triln etta chu nghia Mdc - Lenin vdo cdc qudc gia, dan tde, cbo thdy, ttong bdi canh giai cap cdng nhan Viet Nam edn it vl sd lugng, chua cao ve chdt lugng, trinh
LYLUAN CHINHTRj-So 5/2020
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KY N | £ M 130 N A M NGAY SINH CUA CHU TILr. r.» ^..do ddn tri cua ngudi dan cdn thdp song Viet Nam Id manh ddt du nhap hgc thuyit cdch mang dd rihanh vd som, it bi anh huong bdi cdc ttdo luu eo hgi. xet lai. Dieu dd khdng dinh rdng, ehii nghia Mdc - LInin Id bgc thuyet ddp ting nguyen vpng chinh ddng cda dgi bg phan nhdn dan. Dang ta, thdng qua ddi ngu dang vien Id mpt Dang each mang chdn chinh md Hd Chi Minh da khdng dinh, Ddng ta la dao diic. Id van minh. Vi le do, nlu thira nhdn chu nghia xd hpi Id mdt su ngiilep vdn hda.
Dang cam quyin phai la td chire cua nhiing ca nhdn uu tu nhat. Dpi ngu do phai Id nhirng con ngirdi khdng sa vdo chu nghia cd nhdn, phdi la
"ngudi ldnh dao, la ngudi day td that trung thdnh ciia nhdn dan" nhu Hd Chi Minh da cdn dan.
Do vay, van dung tu tuong Hd Cbi Minh ve chu nghia xd hdi vd con dudng xdy dung ehu nghia xd hpi tat ylu phai tap trung xay dung dpi ngu can bp, ddng vien cua Ddng cd tdm, du tdm. Trong nhilm ky Dai hdi XII, Dang dd rat quyet lilt thuc hiln vdn de nay va da thu dugc nhiing kit qua budc dau, song chdc chdn, cdn phai tiip tuc kiln til, kiln quyit hon nira.
Bdn li, chii nghia Mdc - LInin dd khdng dinh, cdch mang la su nghiep eiia qudn chung nhdn dan, Hd Chi Minh cho rdng, each mang phai dua vdo nhdn dan. Theo Ngudi, "dl ttam ldn khdng dan ciing chiu, khd van lan ddn Ueu ciing xong", Vi vdy. van dung m tudng Hd Chi Minh Id tim mgi bien phap d l phdt huy cdc ngudn luc ciia nhdn ddn phuc vu muc tilu ndng cao ddi sdng mpi mat cho nhdn ddn.
Bai hgc do da dugc Hd Chi Minh va Dang ta thi nghilm. Nhd do, mpt ddn toe "ddt khdng rdng ldm, ngudi khdng ddng ldm da anh diing ddnh thdng hai d l qudc to la Phap vd My" vd dang cd nhiing budc tiln thdng lgi ttong xdy dung chii nghia xa hdi vd bao ve Td qude xd bgi chu nghia.
Trong giai doan hien nay, bai hgc dd rdt can dupe
tiip tuc van dung hilu qua hon nhdm phdt huy manh m l npi lue eua ddn tpc phuc vu muc tilu dan gidu, nude manh, xa hdi cdng bdng, dan chu, vdn minh.
Nam li, edch mang la sdng tao, do la bdi hpc ldn qua nghien eiiu tu tudng Hd Chi Mmh vl chu nghia xd hdi va con dudng xdy dtmg chii nghia xd hdi. Bai hpc nay hiln vdn cdn nguyin gid tii thdi su ttong cdng cudc ddi mdi vd hdi nhdp hiln nay.
Vi vay, sdng tao, hen tiie ddi mdi la chia khda d l chung ta tiep tuc dua sir nghilp each mang gidnh thdng lgi 0
(1), (2), (15) Hd CbiMinh: Toan tap, t.ll, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia. Ha Ngi, tt.609,610,92.
(3]Sdd,t.4,tt.l87.
(4),(5)Sdd,t.l3,tt.30,438.
(6) Song Thanh: HdChiMinh - Nhi tutudng Idi lac, Nxb Lyiuan chinh tii, Ha Ndi, 2005, tt.l71.
(7) CMac va PhAngghen: Toan lap, t.l9, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia, Ha Npi, tt.47.
{8) H6i ddng Ly ludn Tnmg uong Cbi dao bien soan (2004), Giio trinh tu tudng Hd CbiMinh, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia. Ha Ndi, 2004, tt.U5.
(9) Hd Chi Mmh: Toan tip, t.8, Nxb Chinh tii qudc gia,HdNpi,2011,tt.293.
(10)Sdd,t.I2,tt.411.
(ll)Sdd,t.9,tt.91.
(12)Sdd,t,7,tt.41.
(13) V.I.Lemn: Toan tip, t.30, Nxb Tien bd, Matxcova, 1979, tt.160.
(14) Hd Chi Minh: Kit bop chit che Idng yeu nude v&i tinh thin quoc te vo san, Nxb Su that. Ha Ndi, 1976, tt. 126.
(16) DCSVN; Vin hen Hdi ngbilin thutu Ban Chip hinh Trung uang khda Xn, Vdn phdng Trung uong Dang, HaNoi, 2016, tt.20.
LfLUAN CHiNH TRj-So 5/2020