Tap chi NghiSn cilu vk Ph4t triSn, s6' 5 (94). 2012
GIAC KHACH HOANG SUNG ANH
Ho Bach Thao"
Theo Thanh si cdo,^" Hofing Sung Anh M ^ ^ thudc dfing Thien Dia H6i cua cha con Ngd Lfing Vfin, Ngd Cdn vfi cung lfi anh em con cd con cau vdi Ngd Cdn.'"' Hofing Sung Anh cd mfit tai Viet Nam trudc cfi Ngd Cdn.
Vao thfing 8 nfim Tu Bttc thd 15 [1862], y cung bon thd phi Tuyen Quang la Ndng Hung Thae vfi gific ten Hufin bao vfiy roi chid'm tinh thfinh Tuydn Quang, quan qufin trong thfinh hon 500 ngudi phai ldn md cda sau bd chay.™
Sau dd Hoang Sung Anh trd vl Trung Qud'c, cung vdi Ngd Cdn chiem cd chau Quy Thufin, sfit bien gidi tinh Cao B^ng; nhung rdi bi quan Thanh dfinh bai, thua chay sang Vidt Nam:
Ngay 15 Tan Dau thang 6, nam Dong Tri thii; 7 [3/8/1868]
...Td Phugng Vdn, Phiing Td Tdi'^' cilng ddng tdu triip vi viic quan quan phd Thdi Binh truy ddnh gigc phi, thu dugc chien thdng.
Chdu Quy Thugn vi tri tgi nai biin gidi xa cua tinh Qudng Tdy, nghich phi Ngd A Chung [Ngd Cdn] trdn den do, sau do ddng cua y Id Hodng SUng Anh cdy hiem khdng cU; Bgo viin Bdm Viin Tien diiu phdi cdc qudn Truang HUu Biin, Md Chinh Long liin tiep ddnh dep, bgn nghich hi diit. Bgn Md Chinh Long phdn tidnh chdu thdnh, phd cdc doanh lUy ngodi thdnh, ciing thu phuc chdu thdnh. Bgn phi chgy Iron hi quan qudn giit, duy sd phi con hi tgt thdnh do ndt diu rut vi sdo huyet cu. tgi nui Tam Thai... {Muc Tdng thilc luc, quyin 235, trang 32-34).
Thfing 12 nfim Tu DUc 21 [1868], Hofing Sung Anh xin ra dau thu tai Tuyen Quang, nhttng quan quan thtt tinh Son Hung Tuyen khdng cho; dinh dieu quan ldn dep gific Chu Tudng Lfin trUdc, rdi sau dd tfip trung qufin dfinh dep Sung Anh."'
Thfing Gieng nfim Tu Dttc thU 22 [1869] Hofing Sung Anh lai xin dau thu vfi ddi gia vdng md Tu Long. Trieu dinh khdng mud'n cho, vi noi nfiy c6 nhilu md'i loi; nhung luc bfi'y gid gific Ngd Cdn cdn ddng tai Lan^ Son, Chu Tudng Lfin ddng tai Thfii Nguyen v.v.., nen danh phai tam chap nhfin d l tim cd rfing budc.'='
Duoc voi ddi tien, vfio thfing 5, Hofing Sung Anh lai xua qufin de'n Bao Th^ng [Lfio Cai] ndi lfi xin khai mo. Tai dfiy y gfiy hilm khich, dfinh
New Jersey, Hoa Kjf. ., ^ „ ,„.,
" Xem thSm: H6 Bwh Thfio, "Giac Khfich NgS can", t^ip chl Nghien cdu vi Phit triensi 2 (91).
2012, Ir. 124. BBT.
Tap chf Nghjgn ciiu vk Phil trifa, sd 5 (94). 2012
nhau vdi qufin Luu Vinh Phdc, rdi dinh chid'm Hfi Duong [Hfi Giang]. Quan Tdng dd'c Son Hung Tuydn Nguyen Bfi Nghi dilu 500 quan thudc huyen Sc«
Duung [Son Tfiy] cung qufin tai Tuyen Quang vfi quan Luu Vinh Phuc phdi hop dfinh.'«'
Vfio cud'i thfing 5, tfin qufin cua Hofing Sung Anh ttt Cao B&ng chay trd vl Bfio T h i n g , bi qufin Lttu Vinh Phuc dfinh thua, mang bd lu hon 200 ten xud'ng thuyen trd'n chay; qufin truy kich chi bfit duoc thuyen bd, khi gidi bd lai.'"
Vfio thfing 11, Hofing Sung Anh ddng tai Hfi Duong thdng ddng vdi gific Mdo; bi qufin cua quan Tan tuong Mai Quy lien ke't vdi qufin Thanh dfinh dep.'"'
Thfing 5 nfim Tu Dttc thU 23 [1870], Hofing Sung Anh chia qufin ddng 6 ddn tai nui Bfi San, mach ndi nfiy tU Lang Son dd'n Tuyen Quang, thdng de'n An Bien,'" Hfi Duong [Hfi Giang], Nui cao lai hiem trd, bon gific dUa vfio cho hiem nfi'p bfin, khdng ra. Phd tudng qufin Thanh la Luu Ngoc Thfinh, cung Tfin tuong Mai Quy cho dem nhieu cui phdng Ida dd't, phfi ludn 5 thfinh, chdm duoc rfi't nhieu.'""
Ve phia quan Thanh, Tuan phii Quang Tfiy Td Phugng Vfin vfi De dd'c Phung Ttt Tfii tfiu len vua Dong Tri ve hoat dgng cua qufin Thanh nhtt sau:
Ngay 11 Blnh Ngp thang 6, nfim Ddng Tri thtf 9 [9/7/1870]
Bu cdc Qudn ca dgi thdn:
To Phugng Van, Phiing Td Tdi ddng tdu triip rdng quan qudn ddnh dep bgn gigc phi, mdy ldn phd di hiem trd, hiin tru hogch tiin ip.
Bgn gigc ldm phdn Luang Thiim Tich trdn vdo vung An Biin, Viit Nam; cdu kit vdi bgn phi ddng tgi Hd Buang Id Hodng Sung Anh, dang lgi dung thi hiim de khdng cU. Phung Td Tdi linh Phd tudng Luu Nggc Thdnh chia duang tdn cdng phd dugc ctic di hiim nhu Na Bdng Au, Trung Mang;
hiin cd y tlinh bdc bdch cdc ddn Yin Biin vd Hd Duang; lgi phi bdo cho Bdc phu Vdn Nam mang qudn chen tai biin gidi... {Muc Tdng thitc luc, quyln 284, trang 13-14).
Trttdc fip Ittc cua quan Thanh, bgn Hofing Sung Anh lai chay trd'n vl Trung Qud'c, rieng dao quan cua Phung Ttt Tfii cung ban sU ve nUdc; vua Ttt Dttc dich thfin lfim 3 bfii thu k h & vao quat tfing Phung Ttt T i i , cung ban cho cfic tudng dttdi quyln vang haic vfi nhilu qufi tfing quy.""
Thfing 2 nfim Tu DUc 24 [1871], Hofing Sung Anh dem qufin trd lai Viet Nam, giao tranh vdi Lttu Vinh Phuc hi thuong, bgn Vinh Phdc dfinh duoi dd'n phu Yen Binh, phia nam tinh Tuyen Quang."^'
Thfing 4, bgn Hofing Sung Anh de'n tinh thfinh Tuyen Quang xin hfing, vua phan tam chfi'p nhan theo chung m i lfim cho dn thda. Nhung bgn nfiy
Tap chi Nghien ciJu va Phai triSn, sg 5 (94). 2012
tuy hang ma be 10 vfin ra vao cUdp bdc tai cfic tinh Tuyen Quang, Hurig Hda;
quan qufin thtt, quan tinh khdng the cfi'm dttgc."^'
Thfing Gidng nfim Ttt Dttc 25 [1872], qufin Hofing Sung Anh qufi'y nhieu btta bai tai vung Tuydn Quang, khie'n cfic quan tinh nfiy vfi quan thtt deu bi gifing ca'p.'""
Thfing 4 nfim Tu Dttc 26 [1873], Hofing Sung Anh lai ra hfing, xin cfi'p tiln gao; quan tinh Tuydn Quang dfing sd xin quydn gdp dfin chung de cung ca'p.""
Thfing 5, Hofing Sung Anh lai qufi'y nhilu vung Tra'n Hfi, thudc tinh Httng Hda, Tdng thd'ng Tam tuyen Hofing Tfi Viem cung Tham tfin Tdn Tha't Thuyd't, phfii Lanh binh Ngd Tfi't Ninh phd'i hgp vdi Luu Vinh Phuc tid'n dfinh, Tfi't Ninh t h i n g trfin.""'
Thfing 6, thuyen cua Dd Phd Nghia [Jean Dupuis] di dd'n thugng du tinh Hung Hda, ngam thdng vdi gific Hoang Sung Anh. Tdng dd'c Nguyen Tri Phuong mfit sUc cho vung thugng du, ha du sdng Hdng canh phdng nghiem nhfit.""
Viec Hofing Sung Anh cfi'u ke't vdi Dd Phd Nghla khid'n trilu dinh hai nudc Viet-Thanh dfic biet lttu y. Phia Viet Nam, Vidn Co Mat tau xin bit 2 Hoa thttong tai Ha Ndi la B i n h Lgi Ky, Quan Ta Dinh da giup Do Phd NghTa chd mud'i giao cho Hofing Sung Anh, de cho bgn khfic sg hfii khdng dfim a dua theo. Nhung vua Tu DUc sg sinh r i c rd'i nhilu vide, nen chi cho phep thu xd'p dn thda, tim cfich khie'n cho chung bid't sg, de' khdng lam ntta.""'
Rieng Tdng ddc Vfin Nam lfi Sam Due Anh dang td tfiu vl viec thfinh Ha Ngi bi Phfip dfinh phfi va viec quan Hofing Sung Anh tie'p tuc qufi'y phfi tai cfic tinh Thfii Nguyen, Son Tfiy cua Viet Nam:
Ngay 23 Binh Than thang 2, nfim D6ng Tri thtf 13 [9/4/1874]
Lgi du [ctic Qudn ca tigi than]:
Sdm Due Anh ddng tdu triip vi viic do thdm tin khdn lien quan din qudn vu tgi Viit Nam cung tru tinh biin phdng tgi tinh Van Nam.
Tinh thdnh Hd Ngi tgi Viit Nam bi nUdc Phdp mang qudn cdng phd, bgn phi Hodng Sung Anh lgi thda ca ddnh phd cdc tinh Thdi Nguyen, San Tdy, thi luc cdphdn mgnh bgo... {Miic Tdng thtfc ltic, quyen 363, trang 15-16).
Thfing 3 [1874], quan thtt cua Tdng thd'ng Hofing Tfi Viem dfinh thing qufin Hofing Sdng Anh tai An Lfim, huyen Lap Thach [nay thudc tinh Vinh Phuc].""
Hai thfing sau [thang 5], quan Hoang Tfi Vidm Ifiy lai dugc phu Doan
• Hdng [nay thugc tinh Phd Thg].'™
Tap chi NghiSn ciiu vk Phkt t r i g n ^ S (94). 2012
Ve phia nhfi Thanh, luc n i y cung chi ddng qufin ngi bien gidi quan sfit tinh hinh bgn Hofing Sdng Anh, chtt chua thttc sU mang quan sang tham chid'n:
Ngay 9 K^ Dfiu thfing 7, nfim Ddng Tri thii 13 [20/8/1874]
Bu cdc Qudn ca dgi thdn:
...Hiin tai gigc phi Hodng Sung Anh mdy ldn bi qudn Luu Vinh Phtic ddnh thua, lgi bi binh ddng phd Khai Hda ngdn chi^n, ttf nin tdng cUdng biin cuang cd thi thda ca hdi ldn. LUu TrUdng HUu dd ra linh cho Td Diin Hue, Triiu 6c quan sdt thi gidc tgi Viit Nam di tru biin ddnh dep vd chiiu phd. Viin Tudn phd nin tuy theo ca nghi, chl dgo mdt, di cdng viic tiin hdnh thim bS ich... {Muc Tdng thtic luc, quyln 368, trang 11-12).
Vfio thfing 8, Hofing Sung Anh chie'm gitt Trfi'n Hfi, tinh HUng Hda.
Luu Vinh Phuc mang qufin dfinh lfi'y, ndn dugc vua Ttt Dttc thfing chttc Lfinh binh.'2"
Sau dd mdt cfinh quan cua Hofing Sung Anh chay trdn vfio vung gifip gidi huyen Mdng Tu, Vfin Nam, hi Tdng dd'c Sam Due Anh phfii qufin dfinh lui:
Ngay 18 Binh Thin thang Gieng, nfim Quang Trf thtf 1 [23/2/1875]
Dti cdc Qudn ca dgt thdn:
Sdm Diic Anh tdu dd diit trd bgn phi td Viet Nam trdn din. Bd ddng gidc phi Hodng Sung Anh han 1.000 tin, trdn vdo vung gidp gidi huyin Mdng Til, phu Khai Hda, tinh Vdn Nam, chiim cd cdc trai Tdn Hiin, Qua Cd, nui Bgi Hdc. Sdm Btic Anh truyin linh bgn Tdng binh Hd Tu lAm ddc sudt qudn binh vd tiodn luyin chia diidng ddnh dep, chiim cd cdc trgi vd diit trU ddng phi:.. {Bdc Tdng thiic ltic, quyen 3, trang 10-11).
Vfio thfing 3 nfim Tu Dttc 28 [1875], lien qufin Vidt-Trung md cudc hfinh qufin ldn, xufi't phfit ttt 3 hudng de dfinh dep Hofing Sung Anh tax vung Tuydn Quang, Hung Hda. Qufin Thanh ttt phia b i c dfinh xud'ng, qufin Lttu Vinh Phuc ttt phia dudi dfinh ldn; ridng qufin thtt Son Tfiy dung thuyin ngugc ddng sdng cung dfinh.'^^'
TrUdc the lUc cua lien qufin, Hofing Sung Anh bdn cho ngudi dd'n Hfi Ndi xin Phfip vign trg; ngudi Phfip tuy hUa nhung sau dd dinh chi. Nha Thanh nhfin thfi'y Hfi Giang lfi dia dilm chiln lugc, giao thdng thuy bd diu thufin tign, ndn ra Idnh tfing cttdng them qufin, ngfin chfin bgn Hoing Sung Anh vugt bidn gidi:
Ngay 11 Dinh Mui t h a n g 5, nfim Quang T^T thvC 1 [14/6/1875]
Du ctic Qudn ca dgi thdn:
Luu Trudng HUu tdu nhUng ldi vi viic ngdn phdng giifc phi tgi Viit Nam vd tru biin tinh hinh hiin tai.
Tap chi NghiSn cilu vk Phit tiifo, s6' 5 (94). 2012
Gidc phi Hodng Sung Anh tgi Viit Nam, nghe tin qudn Luang Qudng din ddnh, phdi ngudi din Hd Ndi xin viin trg; ngudi Phdp trudc dd hUa phdt binh, sau lgi dinh chl. Long hg khd md ludng dugc, cdn nghlim mdt di phong; minh Liiu TrUdng HUu ra linh cdc thd'ng linh tdy liic tra thdm, cdn mdt de phdng, khdng thi col thudng; thdi ca nin phdng thil, hay ddnh, viin Tudn phd cdn tide tinh tinh hinh, tru tinh dn thda.
Hd Duang [Hi Giang] la sdo huyit cd cila Hodng Sung Anh, duirng thiy vd dudng bd cd thi din tinh Vdn Nam, vung PhS Cao cdng gdn biin gidi tinh ndy; hiin tgi qudn Qudng Tdy tiin cdng Hd Duang cung ddnh dep gigjc phi tgi Phd Cao. Bgn nghich bi ddnh din ciing, khd chdc rdng khdng thiia chd so hd dot nhdp; nay linh Luu Nhgc Chiiu, Sdm Buc Anh phdi nhiiu qudn linh gia tdng ngdn phdng tgi ctic di quan trgng, khdng di cho bon phi trd'n vdo... {Bdc Tdng thiic luc, quyen 9, trang 8).
Vio thfing 8, Thd'ng dd'c Hofing Tfi Viem tfiu ve trieu r i n g quan qufin d quan thtt Tuyen Quang b i t sd'ng dugc Hofing Sung Anh; "roi hdi ddng xd ldng tri biu ddu, truyin cho Bdc Ky ddng hdm dua sang niidc Thanh. Khi dy, Td Viem dd dem ddu s8 Hodng Anh ddng hdm diia di ddng td, vua khdng cho, sai ldn lugt tU cho nai sdp den, chuyen giao ddu gigc theo chi trUdc md tem".'^' Stt vige cfinh qufin Vidt Nam b i t dttgc Hofing Sung Anh dttgc md ta kha rd rfing d tren, nhung qua vfin ban trich dan dudi dfiy, Thanh thilc luc lai c6 y dfinh cdng cho quan Thanh:
Ngay 30 Quy Hgti t h a n g 9, nfim Q u a n g Tri t h i i 1 [28/10/1875]
Du cdc Qudn ca dgi thdn:
Luu Tntdng Httu ddng tdu triip vi viic quan qudn tiiu trU gigc phi tgi Viet Nam, dgc diCcmg khdc phuc cdc phu, chdu, huyin, bdt giit ddu sd giac.
Ldn ndy Luu TrUdng Httu dich thdn din Nam Ninh, tuy thdica di chi huy diiu ddng; ddc sudt 2 dgo qudn td, httu ra khdi quan di, di ddnh dep gigc phi tgi Viet Nam; ldn lugt khdc phuc cdc phu, chdu, huyin thugc nudc ndy; bdt sdng Hodng Sung Anh, Chu Kiin Tdn cung cdc gigc phi trong yiu, dem xd ti. Liiu biin rat duac viic..{Die Tdng thuc ltic, quyln 18, trang 13-14).
H B T CHtJ THIGH
(1) Thanh sil cid. Li^t t r u y i n , q u y ^ n 3 1 4 , Vi$tNam.
(2) Dal Nam thgc tuc, B4n djch cOa Vi$n SCt h(jc, HS NOi, Nxb Qi^o dgc, 2007, tSp 7, tr, 785.
(3) T6 Phuong Vfin giO chdc Tdng dSc Qufing TSy, PhCmg T d Jki glB chufc De dSc t?i QuSng Tay.
(4) D?/Warn ftie'VC, sdd, tap 7, tr. 1.151.
(5) Bai Nam thgc luc sM, tif 7,tx. 1.168.
(6) Dal Nam thgc luc, sdd, tap 7, tr. 1.184.
(7) Dai Nam thuc luc, sdd, tap 7, tr. 1.189.
Tap chi Nghi&n ci?u vh Phit trjgn^jg^ (94) - 2012
(8) £??/Warn f/jyc/yc, sdd, t§p 7, tr. 1.212.
(9) D6n An BiSn: Tgi xa Linh H6, cdch huy$n Vj XuySn [t?nh Tuygn Quang] 50 dam v5 ph(a ^ y b i c . nguyfin \k bfio Ninh Bi^n NSm Minh M§nh tha 14 [1833], N6ng VSn VSn "OJ d$y, bO chfinh Tuyen Quang Ifi Phgm Phd tCf trfin tgi dfiy, nSm Minh IVI^nh thOf 15 d6i t6n hi^n nay.
(10) D^i Nam thi/c lijc, sdd, t$p 7, tr 1.228.
(11) D^i Nam Ihi/c lijc. sdd, tfip 7, tr. 1.230.
(12) D^i Nam thi/c lijc, sdd. tfip 7, tr. 1.266 (13) D$i Nam thi/c It^c, sdd. tfip 7, tr. 1.276.
(14) D^iNam thi/c Itjc. sdd, tfip 7, tr. 1.319.
(15) D9i Nam thi/c /yc, sdd, tfip 7, tr. 1.386.
(16) D^i Nam thi/c Itjc, sdd. tfip 7, tr. 1.389.
(17) D^i Nam Iht/c /yc, sdd, tfip 7, tr. 1,397.
(18) D$i Nam thi/c lyc. sdd, tfip 7, tr. 1.405.
(19) D^i Nam thi/c lijc. sdd, tfip 8, tr. 33.
(20) Dgi Nam tht/c lijc, sdd, tfip 8. tr. 36.
(21) D9i Nam thi/c lyc, sdd, tfip 8, tr. 67.
(22) D^i Nam thi/c li^c, sdd, tfip 8, tr. 107.
(23) D^l Nam thi/c /yc, sdd, tfip 8, tr. 135.
T6M TAT
Theo sis nhfi Thanh, Hofing SCing Anh thu^c dfing Thien Dja H^i cua cha con Ngd LSng Vfin, Ngo Con, vi bj nhfi Thanh truy du^i n6n l<6o tfin qufin chgy sang Vi$t Nam an nfiu vfi hogt dang cudp phfi su6t m^t dfii bifin gidi Vifit-Trung. Nfim 1869, Ngd Con bj qufin nhfi N g u y l n gi^t chet nhung da dfing cua dam gific Khfich nfiy v5n tigp tyc qu^y nhieu ci/dp b6c, khien cho Iifin qufin hai nudc Vifit-Trung phai vat vfi dfinh dep. mai de'n nfim 1875 qufin nhfi NguySn mdi diet dUdc Hofing SCing Anh d Tuyfin Quang.
Sl/ quay phfi lien tgc cOa cfic dfim gi$c cudp ngudi Hoa trong nhi^u nfim trdi da gay hfiu qufi nfing ne cho cfi hai ni/dc Vi^t-Trung Nhfi't Ifi ddi vdi Vifit Nam, chOng Ifim cho tinh hinh Bdc Ky Ifim vfio canh gific gia Iifin mifin, quan qufin vfit va dfinh dgp, dfin tinh difiu diJng, khi^n cho trieu Nguyirt khdng t h i nfio tfip trung dUOc tofin li/c d l 66i phd vdi cuOc xfim ifing ci3a thi/c dfin Phfip.
ABSTRACT
CHINESE BANDIT HOANG SUNG ANH
According to Qing historical records, Hofing Sung A n h , a member of a group of the Tiandihui (Heaven and Earth Society) led by the father and son Ngd Lfing Van and Ngd Cdn, who was pursued by the Qing army, took the remnants of his troops to Vietnam to shelter and loot along the Vietnam-China border. In 1869, Ngd Cdn was killed by the Nguyen Dynasty's army, but the remnants of those Chinese bandits still continued harassing and pillaging the areas along Vietnam-China border, which made the coalition troops of both countries have to strenuously suppress them, until in 1875 Hofing Sung Anh was killed in Tuyfin Quang by the NguySn army.
The constant harassment of Chinese bandit troops had caused great losses to both countries, especially Vietnam, which suffered constant hostilities leading to military hardship in suppressing them and afflicted situation of people; as a result, the N g u y i n court could not mobilize entire Vietnamese combat troops to cope with the invasion of the French.