DI TRUYEN - GIONG VAT NUOI
s y t h a y d o i Hch c y c v e cac cbi tieu q u a n t r g n g n a y va c b i i n g v a n cd y n g h i a v e m a t k i n h te'.
LCII CAM 0 N
D e tai n a y d u g c tai t r g b o i D y a n N a n g cap T r u d n g Dai h g c C a n T h o V N 1 4 - P 6 b 5 n g n g u o n v d n v a y O D A tir C h i n h p h i i N h a t B a n .
U l LlEU THAM KHAO
I Bui Hihi Doan va Hoang Thanh (2011). Kha nang san xua'l va chat lupng thjt ciia to hgp ga lai kinh te 3 giong (Mia-Ho-Luong Phuong). Tap chi Khoa hpc &Phal trien, 9(6)r94M7.
2. Duy N.V., Hiep D.T., Doan B.H., Thach P.N., Thang N.V., Dang P.K, Thanh N.C., Oanh N.C., Bo H.X., Luc D.D. and Ton V.D. (2015). Ho chicken breed: Morpho- biometnc characteristics and economic efficiency of production. ). Anim. Hush Sci Tech., 8, 73-78.
3 Do Vo Anh Khoa (2019). Anh huong ciia khoi lugmg song len cac lhanh phan than thjt 6 ga Ross 308 Tgp chi KHKT Chan nuoi, 241(2.19): 25-30.
4, Ho Trung Thong, Ngo Quoc Cujmg va Le Nii Anh Thu (2016). Anh huong cua bo sung Probiotic vao khau phan 3n den sinh tniong va tieu ton thirc an oia ga Ri !ai nuoi thjt. T,ip chi KHKT CliSn nuoi, 214' 41-46
5. Nguyen Ba Mil, Nguyen Chi Thanh, Le Anh Diic va Nguyen Ba Hieu (2012). Dac diem ngoai hinh va kha nang cho itiit cua ga dia phuong long c^m tgi Luc Nggn, Bac Giang. Tap chi Khoa hoc & Phat trien, 10(7): 978-85 6. Nguyen Chi Thanh, Lam Thi Ha, Bui Huy Doanh va
Phan Xuan Hao (2012). Kha nang sinh truong va n3ng suat cho thiE cua ga chiim long dau - Lyc Ngan, BJc Giang. Tap chi KHKT Chan nuoi, 4:11-15, 7. Nguyen Thi Kim Khang (2015). Anh huong cua cac miic
bo sung bot Yucca schidigera len kha nang tang truong va than thjt cua ga Cobb 500. Tap chf KHKT Chan nuoi, 6; 67-74
8. Nguyen Thi Kim Khang, Nguyen Trpng Ngir, Chau Thanh Vii, Nguyen Cong Danh va Nguyen Nggc Han (2016). Anh huong ciia v i ^ bo sung Yucca schidigera len nang suat sinh san ciia ga Noi. Tgp chi KHKT Chan nuoi, 213:36-40.
9 Pham Tat Th5ng va Tran Yen Thao (2012) Tac dyng oia che pham Probiotic voi chimg vi khuan Lactobacillus dupc nuoi ca'y tren moi trucmg nuoc diia bo sung vao thlic an cho ga thit. Tap chi KHKT Chan nuoi, 10. 35-38.
10. Nguyen Hoang Thinh, Tran Bich Phuong, Nguyen Thi Hai, Nguyen Thi Phuang Giang, Biii Hiru Doan va Pham Kim Dang (2016), Dgc diem ngogi hinh va kha nang san xua't ciia ga Ri Ninh Hoa tir 4-14 tuan tuoi dupc nuoi trong dieu kign ban chan tha. Tap chi KHKT Chgn nuoi, 216: 9-13
BO SUNG BACILLUS SUBTILIS KHONG ANH Hl/dNG LEN KHA NANG SINH TRLfdNG VA HE SO CHUYEN HOA THU'C AN d
G A N O I GIAI DOAN 35-84 N G A Y TUOI
Do V6 Anh Kboa'*. Le Cong Trieu-, Tran Tbi Minh Tii-*, Ho Thanh VianP va Nguyen Tbi Cam Chau'' N g a y n h a n bai b a o : 11/03/2019 - N g a y n b a n bai p h a n bien: 30/03/2019
N g a y b a i b a o d u g c cha'p n h a n d a n g : 14/04/2019 T O M T A T
Nghien CUTJ ditgc tie'n hanh de danh gia anh h u d n g ciia Bacillus subtilis len nang sua't sinh tru'dng va he so chuyen hoa thiic an d ga. Chin m u o i sau con ga Noi 35 ngay tuoi d u g c phan chia ngau nhien vao 4 nghiem thiic (NT) vdi 6 lan lap Iai, mdi lap lai gom 4 ga trong hoac mai, Cac NT la (i) khau phan co sd GF1324 (17% protein tho va 3.000 kcal ME/kg), (ii") khau phan ca sd d u g c bo sung nuoc Bacillus subtilis (0,5g bao tii' d u g c pha vdi 51 n u d c uong) va cho uo'ng 1 lan/tuan, (m) khau phan CO sd d u g c bo sung n u d c Bacillus subtilis va cho uo'ng 2 lan/tuan, (iz') khau phan co sd d u g c bo sung nudc Bacillus subtilis va cho uo'ng 3 lan/tuan Khong cd s y khac biet cd y nghia d u g c tim thay ve nang suat sinh trudng va he so chuyen hoa thiic an giira cac NT cOng n h u giiia gidi tinh, mac dil cd sy cai thien nhe ve h | so chuyen hda thiic an theo miic dg tang dan o i a viec bd sung Bacillus subtilis. Vi xay, cac nghien o i u sau h o n ve Bacillus subtilis nen d u o c tie'n hanh tren cac quan the khac nhau d e cd ke't lugn chinh xac h o n ve anh h u d n g ciia Bacillus subtilis tren cac tinh trang kinh t e d ga.
Tir khoa: gd Not, Bacillus subtilis, tinh trang kmb te".
' Truong Dgi hpc Can Tho ' Truong Cao dJng Nghe Soc TrSng ' Truong D^i hpc Tien Giang ' Hpc vi^n Nong nghiep Vi?t Nam
• Tac gia lien h?: PGS.TS. Do V6 Anh Khoa, Truang Dgi hgc Can Tho: Giao su thinh giang Trucmg Dgi hpc Khoa hpc v.
nghe Tay Nam (Trung Quoc). Di?n thoai: 0918026653, Email: [email protected]
••~m 2019 25
DI TRUYEN - GIONG V \
ABSTRACT
BaciUus subtilis supplementation did not affect growth performance and feed conversio rado in the 35-S4 day-old Noi broilers
The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Bacillus subtihs on growth periormancc and feed conversion ratio in chickens. \ ' m e t v - s i \ days of 35-year-oId chickens \\cri.' random y assigned to 4 treatments with SIA replicahons. each consisting of 4 males or fcmales. Fre^trnfri - were (i) basal diet GF1324 (IT^o crude protein and 3.000 kcal ME/kg), (ii) basal diets siipplcmcntctl with Bacillus subtilis solution (0.5 g spores mixed with 5 liters of drinking w.itcr) once a wt , (iii) the basal diet supplemented with Bacillus sublHis solution twice a \\oek (iv) the basal die supplemented with Bacillus subtilis solution three times a iveek No significant differences were found in growth rates and feed con\ crsion ratio'; between Iroatnients a^ well as behveen the sexes, although a slight improvement in feed conversion ratios according to gradually increasing leve o BaciUus subtilis supplementation was indicated. Therefore, further studies on Bacillus s»('/(/is should be conducted in different populations for more accurate conclusions about the etfects ot Bacillus subtilis on economic traits in chickens.
Keywords' Noi broilers. Bacillus subtilis, economic trails.
I.BATVAND£
Che pham sinh bgc la vi sinh vat song ma khi dugc diing du lugng se mang l^i lgi icb ve sue khoe cho v^t chu (Fuller va ctv, 1989). Hien nay, che'pham sinh hgc la mgt lya chgn tot de thay the khang sinh dugc sir dyng nhu la chat kich thich tang tnrdng (Tomasik va Tomasik, 2003; Tarmoek va ctv, 1999). Trong dd, cae loai vi khuan co lgi nhu Lactobacillus, Strq>tococcus.
Bacillus, Bifidobacterium, Enterococctis, Aspergillus. Candida vd Sacclmromyces dugc SIJ dyng rgng rai de ngin ch$n mam benh \'a
benh cung nhu cAi thien nang sua't tang trudngaia g^ thjt (Tortu va ch, 1973; Jin va ct\', 1998;
Zulkifli va ctv, 2000; KalavaHny va ctv, 2003;
Kabir \'a ctv, 2004; Gil De Los Santos va ctv, 2005; Timmerman va ctv, 2006; Mountzouris vk ctv, 2007; Awad va ctv, 2009).
Til lau, BaciUus licheniforniis dugc xem la mgt trong nhung vi khuan tang cudng siic khoe, la tac nhan loai trir canh tranh td't nha't vi nd cd hieu qua Hch cue trong viec bd trg tieu hda \a ha'p thu cha't dinh dudng trong co the vat cbii (Sogaard va Suhr-Jessen, 1990).
Nbieu che pbam sinh bgc da dugc san xua't va ling dyng trong chan nudi tir day. \T): che' pham BioPlus 2B (cbua Bacillus lichenifonms va BaciUus subtilis) lam tang kha nang tang trudng, chuyen ddi tliiic an \'a chat lugng thit trong giai doan cai sua o heo con (Kyriakis
va ctv, 1999; Alexopoulos va ctv, 2004). Tuy nhien de'n nay van chua cd minh chuiig cy the nao ve lgi fch gia tang trong vigc ket hgp hai cbung vi khuan nay Mgt vai nghien cii^u khac ve tac dyng ciia Bacillus a gia cam cho tbay (i) viec bo sung Bacillus licheuiformis vko nudc udng se lam tang dang ke khoi lupng co the, cai thien chuyen hda thiic an d gk, dong thdi Iam tang bam Iugng protein va axit amin ty do, va giam bam lugng cha't beo trong thjt lie (Liu va ctv, 2012); (ii) Viec bo' sung Bacillus subtilis se Iam tang (a) khd'i Iirgng, lugrr^ thiic Sn Heu thy, (b) nong dp IgA-IgG huye't thanh, boat Hnh ctia glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GSH- Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) trong huye't tbanh va gan, (c) cac hgp cha't kich ting oxy (reactive oxygen species) trong ty the 6 gan, (d) bieu hien cua cac gen enzyme chd'ng oxy hda nhu nuclear factor erytbroid 2-reIated factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), dong thdi lam giam (e) he so' chuyen hda thdc an, (/) thanh pban methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) trong huyet thanh va gan d ga thjt Arbor Acres (AA) (Bai va ctv, 2017). Trong ngbien cuu nay. Bacillus subtilis (> (10" bao tir/g) se dugc bd sung hong nudc udng nham danh gia nang suat va hieu qua trong chan nudi ga Noi
26 KHKT Chdn nuoi so 245 - thdn^6 nam 2l)l<j
DI T R U Y I N - GIONG VAT N U O I
2.VATU|UVAPHimNGPHAP
Ngbien ciru duge Hen hanh tai Trung tam Gidng Cay trong, Vat nudi, Thiiy san Can Tho tir thang 10/2018 den thang 03/2019. Tong so 96 con ga Ndi (48 tro'ng va 48 mai) liic 35 ngay tudi bo' hi vao 4 nghigm thue (NT).
NTI: cbo an ty do GF1324 -i- mrdc udng t y d o
N'T2: eho an hr do GF1324 + nude Bacillus subtilis ty do ngay thii 2 hang tuan
NT3: cho an hr do GF1324 -i- nudc Bacillus subtilis ty do ngay thu 2 va 4 hang tuan
NT4: cho an tir do GF1324 + nudc Bacillus subtilis ty do ngay thii' 2, 4 va 6 hang tuan
Trudc khi eho uo'ng, pha 0,5g BaciUus subtilis vao 5L nude va de yen 30 phiit roi cbo ga udng trong khoang thdi 6:00-18:00.
Tat ca ga dugc nudi tren long ga de cdng ngbiep (dai 47cm, rgng 40cm, cao trudc 40cm, cao sau 38em) dgt trong he thd'ng chudng hd.
Mdi d nhdt 3-4 con trdng hoae mai. Ga duge cho an ty do tbiic an ciia Cdng ty Co phan GreenFeed Viet Nam GF1324 (cd ham lupng dgm thd 17% va nang lugng trao ddi 3.000 kcal/kg).
Cac ehi tieu theo ddi gom khdi lugng sdng qua cae tuan tuoi (BW, body weight, g/
eon), tang khdi lirgng (ADG, average daily gain, g/con/ngay), Iugng thire an Heu thu (FI, feed intake, g/con/ngay) va he so chuyen hda thii'C an (FCR, feed conversion ratio).
Sd' ligu dugc thu thap va xd ly thdng ke md ta bang GML chuong trinh R (version 3.4.2).
3.K^QUAVATHAOLUAN
Ke't qua pban ti'eh cho Hia'y khdng cd sy khae biet ed y nghia thd'ng ke dugc tim tha'y ve cac chi Heu khao sat (KL sdng, FI, TKL va FCR) giiia cac NT (Bang 1, 2). Dieu nay cd the la do (i) ed mau quan sat va so Ian lap lai chua dil ldn, dan de'n gia tri cua dg Igch chuan (SD, standard deviation) cao. Vi du, trong trudng bgp o NTI, t?i thdi diem ket thuc thi nghiem Ilic 84 ngay tudi tbi ga trdng cd KL la 1.335,83g
va dp lech chuan la 91,39 trong khi ga mai cd KLIa 1.169,17g va do ledi ehuan la 135,10.
Khi phan ti'ch thd'ng ke thi khdng tha'y sy sai khae phuong sai ciia hai tri so nay; (ii) miic dp thuan hda/dong deu ciia dan ga thi nghigm chua cao ed the dan de'n sai so' thi nghiem; (iii) viec bd sung Bacillus subtilis vdi ndng dp edn thap va bd sung khdng lien tyc dan de'n sy phat huy kha nang canh tranh cua lgi khuan trong he thd'ng d'ng tieu hda chua dupe the hien rd thdng qua viec tang khd'i Iupng va he so chuyen hda thtrc an d ga. Tuy nhien, ne'u nhin ve chi so' kinh te' thi vigc bo sung Bacillus subtilis giup cai thign he sd'chuyen hda thuc an tu' 3,79 xudng edn 3,52 theo mii'c dp tang dan eua so' lan bo sung BaciUus subtilis vao nudc udng hang tuan (Bang 1) va con trdng ludn cd he sd' chuyen hda thiic an td't hon con mai, nghia la he so chuyen hda thue an d con mai (3,65-3,99) ludn cao ban eon trong (3,39-3,63) d tiing nghigm thiic va d giiia cac nghiem tbuc.
'Tbuc teso vdi NTI thi he so chuyen bda tbiic an giam mpt ty Ie nha't dinh d cac NT2, NT3 va NT4, lan lugt la -0,8%, -4,5% va -7,1% (Bang 2).
Xet ve mat kinh te' thi he so chuyen hda thirc an tha'p se giiip ngudi chan nudi tang them lgi nhuan bdi tbiic an thudng ehiem ty hgng ldn trong chi phi chan nudi. Them vao dd, so vdi NTI (1.262,50 g/con) thi khoi lugng d eac NT2 (1.331,67g/con), NT3 (1.346,39 g/con) va NT4 (1.375,83 g/con) cao hem tai thdi diem 84 ngay hidi va lan lugt tang them 5,48; 6,64 va 8,98%.
Hinh 1. He so chuyen hoa thuc an giua cac nghiem thirc
¥HKTChmi mnii m 245 - tiri'mi." I 2019
27
DI TRUYEN - G I O N G V.\ i NLn-;i
4 2 -
1 , J
• Mai 3.8
i 1 1 1 L
NTI \ T 2 NT3 \T-1
:• - J
Hinh 2. H^ so chuyen hoa thiic an giira cac nghiem Ihiic va gidi tinh
Hinh 3. Khoi lurpng ciia ga qua cac tuan tuoi o cac nghiem thiic B a n g l . Kha n a n g sinh i r u o n g va h e s d c h u y e n hda t h u c .in |\k'.in±.'-'P)
Chi tieu Me; NT2 NT3 N T 4
BW35 B W 4 2 B W 4 9 B W 5 6 B W 6 3 B W 7 0 B W 7 7 B W 8 4 '\. tang BW A D G Fl FCR 'Vn giam FCR
39S,98i43,30 533,00±5],98 664.41 ±66,84 799,53±84,05 922.42i4r,79 1.026,91±102,59 1 I 6 7 , 4 l ± l 2 l , 7 4 1 3:9,111: n 9 , m
IS-^S-^ 13 69,32±6,73 3.67±0.33
640,S3±54,10 768,00145,37 912.92±82,31 I 01 l.67±l 16,77 1 123,751142,40 1 262,50'143,24
-,M8,00'43,67
^:7,13t62,51 ('^:,21'M,11) r'n,'n.'jK,3'^
914,88±lll,59 1.021,67±n 9,83 1 lH7,2')±10fi,4(l 1.331,67±147,38
(*5,48) 19,05±2,2]
7],55±8,28 3,76±0,2]
(-as)
407,M'47,ll7
6SS,n±95.S5 8I7,53±86,07 936,04±97,90 1.035,14i81,57 ] . 152,36± 123,86 , 1346,39± 123,06
(+6,64) 19,16*1,57 69,07±2,72 3,62±0,27 (-4,5)
404,67±53,04 340,01 )±48,57 676,46±51,06 819,25±106,13 925,83±121,51 1.039,17±114,84 1,206,25±128,()3 1.375,83+154,21
(+8,98) 19,82±2,46 69,13+6,79 3,52±0,47 (-7,1) Bang 2. Kha n a n g sinh t n r d n g va h e so c h u y e n hoa thiic an t h e o g i a i t i n h (Mean+SD)
BW35 R\\'42 B\V40 BWJft B \ V « B l \ 7 D BIV'T:
i m w .\L1G M FCR
y.^-C.^^'^
y^ Mi5\ V.
t W , i r : 4 ? l 1 75il=i^SSS4 1,17 ( W : * fW l . ( 6 3 . \ 3 ! i m i H 1 i 9 : ' ^ i i i n 7 : i l,S5,'v-i91,3y 14,11:1 24 7 i ) , n : S " - J 3 ^ ' ' ^ t V ^
3 - 1 V L ; - ' ^ '
4"=^ 42:4.^14 (•17 ^ i : ^ ! " ! . ! 7S3 7 ? : 3 0 M
\ w 7 3 : 7 o l 3 070 IV.V137J6 l i V l H X f e l S S P 1 i f ^ 1 7 : 1 3 i 10
Ip 2 t . ^ lit M . * ^ , - ^ 3 * ^ n ^
400,75±4172 536.67±W),I1 i y | , 5 0 r l \ > i 3 -'>lS3.s<.-i7
^ , 6 3 + 1 0 1 , 7 5 l l V 4 r ; S i ' 7 9 1-211,25=129,62 1 371,67:M27 l ' " ' T r t l 9 3 71,92±541 3,h3rfl.2:
-'^;3^>4.ai
M 2 . 9 2 : S7,(.5 - " s 5 . i > W - - . . 2 . 1 2 9 , 9 9
" 7 ^ ' ! - r ! ^ 7 6 i 1'>3 33-1K,HK l J ? H l , 6 7 ^ 0 j 92 16 29:3,10 71,1^:1190 3 * 9 r i t ! 3
401.08+42,35 557,50±53,14 681,25iH3,08 B12,00±S2.72 943,08±KI,49 1039,17*83.90 1 189,17162,07 1 339,17±103,09 19,14*1.28 6«,65-2,0O 3,59iO,13
414,19i60,i4 526.39164,06 695,00*126,19 H23,06ll (17.64 929,00*131,05 1,031.11:97,70 1 n5,56:174,45 I 353.61116434 19,17i2.13 ft9 4-V3 74 3,65:0.39
4033016039 541,25135,77 564.92152,63 S70.U0lll2,44 1 006,67:109,33 1,110,001133,39 1 17I,67-15S,2H I 435,00:184.75 2 1 . 0 5 ^ 5 3 70 70:5.29 3,39rfl,44
405.83157,95 538,75i67,93 668.00:59.44 7(>H>I1'HK2.1 W V l l - 7 3 20 968,33-11,27 124«»3.111,II8 1 3 i 6 ( > 7 : 1 2 1 , 7 ; IS, 59:2(1.1 b 7 S t e « 9 4 3,6'.:'. > ,
0.918 0,883 0.920 0,618 0,642 0,766 o.^nr,
0,675 0,';5I 11,911 n M 4
j ^ / / i r r r/iflii nuoi -I- 245 - ibdnii 6 nam 20l<j
DI TRUYEN - GIONG VAT NUOI
4. K£T LUAN
M$c dil khdng cd su khac biet cd y nghia thd'ng ke ve cac chi tieu khao sat, nhung su cai thign cac chi sd' giira cac NT dugc nhin nhan theo muc dp tang dan cua so lan bd sung Bacillus subtilis hang tuan trong nudc udng va sy cai thign nay cung ed anb hudng nha't dinh den FCR d ga Ndi giai doan 35-84 ngay tudi. Tuy nhien, dua tren ke't qua nghien ctiu ghi nhan dugc, de cd ke't luan ehinh xac ve anh hudng ciia BaciUus subtilis len kha nang sinh trudng va FCR tren ga can tie'n hanh thir nghigm khac tren eac nhdm gid'ng ga thit chuyen dyng Ross308, CobbSOO, AA,... vdi cd mau Idn va cac lieu bo sung Bacillus subtilis cao bon, lien tuc hon nliam tim kiem giai phap sinh hgc thich hpp tbay the'khang sinh trong chan nudi ga thit d Vigt Nam.
Ldi
CAM DNDe tai nay duge tai trg bdi Du an Nang cap Tru'dng Dai hge Can Tho VN14-P6 bang ngudn vdn vay ODA tii' Chinh phu Nhat Ban.
TAILIIUTHAMKHAO
1 Awad W.A., Ghareeb K., Abdel-Raheem S. and Bohm ]. (2009) Effects of dietary inclusion of Probiotic and synbiotic on growth performance, organ weights, and inlestinal Kistomorphology of broiler cliickens Poult.
Sd„ 88:49-56.
2 Alexopoulos C, Georgoulakis I.E., Tzivaia A., Kyriakis C.S., Govaris A. and Kyriakis S.C. (2004).
Field evaluation of the effect of a Probiotic-containing Biici//us lichenifonms and Bacillus subtilis spores on ttie health status, performance, and carcass quahty of grower and finisher pigs. J. Vet. Med., 51:306-12.
3 Bai K., Huang Q., Zhang J., He J., Zhang L. and Wang T. (2017) Supplemental effects of Probiotic Bacillus subtili.s fmbj on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and meat quality of broiler chickens Poult Sa., 96(1): 74-82.
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Bactenol., 65:365-78.
Jin L.Z., Ho Y.W., Abdullah N. and Jalaludin S. (1998).
Growth performance, intestinal microbial populations, and senim cholesterol of broilers fed diets containing Lactobacillus cultures. Poult. Sa , 77:1259-65 Kabir S.M.L., Rahman M.M., Rahman M.B., Rahman M.M- and Ahmed S.U. (2004) The dynamics of Probiotics on growth performance and immune response m broilers Int ]. Poult. Sd., 3:361-64.
Kalavathy R., Abdullah N., Jalaludin S. and Ho Y.W.
(2(X)3). Effects of Lactobacillus cultures on growth performance, abdominal fat deposition, serum lipids and weight of organs of broiler chickens. Br. Poult, Sa , +4 139-44
Kyriakis S.C, Tsiloyiannis V.K., VIemmas J., Sarris K., Tsinas A.C., Alexopoulos C. and Jansegers L.
(1999). The effect of Probiotic LSP 122 on the control of post-weaning diarrhoea syndrome of piglets. Res Vet Sci, 67:223-28
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Anim. Sci., 25(5) 682-89.
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Sogaard D.H. and Suhr-Jessen T. (1990) Microbials for feed beyond lactic add bacteria. Feed International, 11 32-38.
Taimock G.W. (1999). What we know and need to know, Biotechnol. Adv, 17:691-93.
"nrnmemian H.M., Veldman A., van den Elsen E., Rombouts EM. and Beynen A.C. (2006). Mortality and growth performance of broilers given drinking water supplemented with chicken-specific Probiotics, Poult S a . 85-1383-88
Tomasik P.J. and Tomasik P. (2003) Probiotics and prebiotics. Cereal Chem., 80 113-17,
Zulkifli L, Abdullah N., Azrin N.M. and Ho Y.W.
(2000). Growth performance and immune response of nvo commercial broiler strains fed diets containing Lactobacillus cultures and oxy tetracycline under heal stress condihons. Br. Poult. Sci., 41: 593-97
I^UITT rUnit ^ ^ "-m 2019
