KINH TE
GIAI PHAP CROWD LOGISTICS TRONG HE THONG VAN TAI
HANG HOA TRONG DO THI:
TRlJCfNG HCfP CUA THANH PHO HA N O I
• IRAN TH! HLfdNG - PHAM MAI CHI
T 6 M TAT:
Crowd logistics Id mot trong nhflng gidi phdp ddt phd trong ITnh vifc logistics va qudn ly chuoi cung tfng. Gidi phdp nay dd nhdn dtfdc sfl quan lam nghien ctfu va flng dung trong ca nghiSn cflu vd thtfc 18' kinh doanh tren pham vi loan cau. Tuy nhien, mtfc dp flng dung cua crowd logistics tai Vidt Nam ndi chung va TP. Ha Ndi ndi rieng chtfa thflc sfl rgng rai. Do dd, bdi bdo ndy se phdn tich thtfc tiang trien khai cdc giai phdp crowd logistics vd nhflng cd hpi, thdch thtfc cfla vide flng dung crowd logistics trong hB thd'ng van tai hang hda dd thi ndi chung vd tai TP. Hd Ndi ndi ridng.
Tit khoa: Crowd logistics, crowdsourcing, he thd'ng van chuyen hang hda dd thi, iogistics dd thj.
l.Gi<^thi$u chung /./. Logistics do thi
Logistics dd thj, mgt phdn nhdnh ciia logistics, la qud trinh td'i flu hda cdc boat ddng logisiics ndi chung va boat ddng van chuyan dfldc thflc hien bdi cdc ddn vi kinh doanh trong khu vflc do thi (Eiichi Taniguchi et al, 1999. 2014). Qud trinh nay can phai xem x6t ed'n than tdi nhflng tde dgng len he ihd'ng giao thdng, xa hpi va mdi trfldng.
Theo Dolaii Neghabadi et al. (2019). cdc ehii lhe trong he thdng logistics dd thi bao gom: chii the chinh la ben giao nhdn hdng hda (freight forwarders) \a cdc dd'i ifldng htfu quan nhfl nhd cimg cap. cdc ctfa hdng bdn Ie. ngtfdi tieu dung va chi'nh quyen dia phtfdng. De Carvalho et al. (2019) phdn loai cac chu the cua hd thdng logistics do thi Iheo mgt cdch khac. bao gom: (i) chu hang
(shippers), (ii) ngfldi nhdn hdng (receivers), (iii) cdc cdng ty cung ca'p dich vu logistics (logistics service providers- LSP). (iv) dan cfl sd'ng trong do thi (residents), vd (e) cdc cd quan hanh chinh cd tha'm quyen (public administration). Trong tifldng hdp nay. cdc ddn vi san xua't - kinh doanh nhtf cdng ty san xud't. nha phan pho'i, nha bdn budn nha bdn le dtfdc coi nhtf la chu hang (shippers).
Cdc chli the na\ iheo dudi nhflng muc dich kbdc nhau. dan den md'i Ifldng Idc gitfa hg ton tai d nhieu irang thai khac nhau: canh tranh, hdp Idc,
\fla hdp tde vfla canh Iranh. Sfl hdp Idc gifla cdc chli the nay dtfdc cho la hel sflc can thie't dd' cd mpl he thd'ng van chuyen hang hda do thi hieu qua vd hin vflng.
Hieu qua vd ben vtfng la 2 thfldc do chinh cita he Ihd'ng logistics dd lhi. Cac chi lieu cu the bao gdm:
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Nhdm chi tieu ve hieu qud kinh te
• Tdng chi phi logistics
- Chi phi tren mdl ddn vj khoang each van lai - Chi phi xep dd hdng hoa
• Chi phi Itfu kho, bao quan neu cd - Thdi gian lai \e. chi phi cho ldi xe -Chi phi/Mflc tieu thu nhien lieu
• Doanh thu/ Ldi nhudn thu dfldc ttf moi ton-km van chuyen (dd'i vdi cdng ty cung ca'p dich vu logistics)
• He so' sfl dung trgng tai vd dung tich ciia phfldng tien. t\ le xe di chuye'n trong tinh trang rdng
• So' diem dflng trung binh tren mpt chuyen di
\ a khoang cdch trung binh gitfa cdc diem dtfng
• Thdi gian dich vu irung binh
• T\' le giao hdng dung han
• Nang sua't dpi xe dfldc stf dimg
• So' lfldng ddn hdng tren mpt chdng dfldng
• T\ le hdng hda hflhdng. tha't thoat
• Dp tin cay ciia dich vu
• Tinh linh hoat ciia dich vu
Nhdm chi tieu ve tac dgng len xd hgi vd moi tnidng:
• Mflc do gdy d nhiem mdi irfldng do phdc thai khi CO.
• Mtfc do d nhiem tie'ng on do boat dgng logistics (van chuye'n. xe'p dd hdng hda....)
• Mflc tieu diing nhien lieu \a ndng Ifldng khdng ldi lao dtfdc
• Mtfc dp tac nghen giao thdng (fldc tmh ga\ ra bdi boat ddng logistics).
Di cung vdi sfl biing no cua thfldng mai dien tfl va \u hfldng dd thi hda ngdy cang manh me. nhu cau \ e hoal dgng logistics ndi chung va boat dpng van chuyen ndi rieng trong khu vflc do thi ngdy gia tang. Tuy nhien. lflu Ifldng hdng hda can xtf ly cac nghiep vu logistics nhfl chflng tfl (ve tai chinh cung nhtf ngudn gd'c xud'l xtf), IflU trtf. bao quan, ddng goi
\ a \ an chuyen mang den nhffng dp Iflc cho cd sd ha lang \ e thdng dn, giao thdng. nhtfng tde dgng lieu cflc len mdi trfldng vd xa hgi nhfl tinh trang tac dfldng, d nhiem khdng khi. d nhiem tie'ng on... anh htfdng den chd't lfldng cugc sdng \a su" phit trien ben vtfng ciia cdc dd thi. Do dd. vd'n de logistics do lhi nga\ cang nhan dfldc nhieu stf quan tdm ifl cdc nha nghien cfl\i. boach dinh chinh sdch \a cac chii the kinh doanh cung nhfl cdc dd'i ifldng hflu quan irong boat ddng kinh doanh ndi chung >.a thfldng mai dicn tiif ndi riens2.
Mdt trong nhflng chii de chinh cua cac nghien cflu vd cdc cupc tranh ludn dd Id nhflng giai phdp dptphddegiaiqu>eu\iche lu> ciia logisiics do thi hfldng tdi sfl phat trien ben vflng. C.ic giai phap dd cd die Id: flng dung cdc cdng nghe nhfl mdy bay khong ngfldi lai/ robot, djnh tuye'n thdng minh, tiiung nhdn hang thdng minh, dinb gia Iinh boat, crowd logisiics, sfldiing cdc phfldng tien than thien vdi mdl trfldng nhflxe dap. xe dien. giao hang vdo khung gid thd'p diem, gidi ban thdi gian eho phep cdc phfldng tien viio do tiii... Trong do, crowd logistics, mgt trong nhflng giai phdp nhdn dfldc khd nhieu sfl quan tam trong nghien cflu va trien khai, se dfldc trinh bay d ph^n dfldi day.
7.2. Crowd logistics
De'n Id xu hfldng cua nen kinh le'chia se, crowd logistics Id viec thue ngoai (outsource) boat ddng logistics gitfa mdt ben cd nhu cau thue ngoai ve hoat dgng logistics vdi mot ben Id cpng dong, cdc cd nban hodc to ehflc, Cdc cd nhan to chfle nay cd th^ Id mdt cdng ly, hay la mpt ngfldi dan binh thifdng, cd du kha ndng de cung ca'p dich vu logisiics. Mac du logistics cd rd't nhieu boat dgng nhfl lull kho, bao quan, chtfng ttf, ddng gdi, xep dd, van chuye'n. Tuy nhien boat dpng pho bie'n nhd't dtfdc to Ihtfc Iheo hinh Ihtfc crowdsourcing la viec van chuyen (crowdsourced delivery/
crowdshipping - kbi mpt tdi xe khdng chuyen nghiep nhan thflc hien dich vu van chuyan hang hda de'n ngfldi tieu dung) va nhan hang (crowdsourced receiving - la viec mgt ben thfl ba cung cd'p dich vu lflu trtf ngan han trong nhflng trfldng hdp giao hang de'n nha tha't bai hodc ngfldi nhan hdng khdng muo'n nhan hang Iai thdi diem do hodc tai nha) (Sampaio el al., 2019).
Hien nay, hoat dgng crowdsourcing dfldc dien ra mdt cdch de dang bdi mpt nen tang tfng dung tien ich giup ke't nd'i cdc cd nhan cd nhu cau van chuyen hang hda vdi mdt cd nhan cd mong muon dfldc thflc hien viec giao nhan trong giao hdng chdng dau hodc giao hang chang cudi trong khu vifc do thi (Le & Ukkusuri, 2019). Mgt so' tfng dung pho bie'n hien nay cd the ke de'n la Uber, Lyft danh cho chuyen hdnh khach va UberRUSH, LalaMove danh cho van chuyen hang hda Nhidu nha nghien cflu da chflng minh rdng, viec phdt trien crowd logisiics hieu qua u-en dien rdn- , ,r\ii hi rat nhieu ldi ich irong viec giam chi phi • _,] y,^^ g dfldng phai van chuyen tren mni ,i,., ^ j^^ , , ^ doanh thu cune nhtf ihdi gian ri , , -
^ ^ •ny cho cac
XINK TE
cdng IV logistics, chii hdng vd ca ngtfdi tieu dung; tii do cho tha'y day Id mpt Q-ong nhtfng giai phdp dot pha cho sfl phdt trien ben vtfng ciia cdc do tiii (Buldeo Rai et al., 2017.2018; Dolati Neghabadi et al.. 2019). Trong khi dd, mgt so' ngfldi lai cho rdng, he Ihd'ng nay chtfa thflc sfl hieu qua do chi khai thdc dfldc nhtfng mang thi Uifdng nhtfng ddng dich vu mdi va nho le (Sampaio et al., 2019, p. 385). De tim cdu ira ldi chinh xdc, nhdm tde gia dd di tim hieu cdu hdi nghien ctfu ve: Thflc U-ang, nhffng cd hpi va ihdch thtfc viec tfng dung crowd logisiics cho he thdng van tai hang hda do Ihj ndi cbung va hd thd'ng liigisiics do thi tai TP. Hd Ndi ndi rieng? Pbam vi Clia nghien cflu se gidi han d nhflng dich vu van tai hdng hda, ddc biet la khau giao hang chdng cud'i, tam thdi bd qua djch vu van tai hanh khdch va van chuyen B2B.
2. Phfldng phdp nghidn cuTu
Dau uen, bai bao nay stf dung phtfdng phdp nghien cflu lai ban de td'ng hdp nhffng kie'n thtfc chung ve logistics dd lhi vd crowd logisiics thdng qua nhflng tdi lieu hpc thudl. Sau do, nhdm nghien cflu thtfc hien viec khao sdt cdc doanh nghiep da va dang tfng dung crowd logistics trong hoat ddng cua minh de nam dfldc nhtfng cd hdi va thach thflc cua qua Irinh fl-ien kliai crowd logistics.
3. K^'t qua nghien cihi
3.1. Tinh hinh ffng dung crowd logistics trong h^ thdng van tai hdng hoa tgi cdc do thi tren the gidi
Giai phdp crowd logistics da va dang xam nhap vdo cdc llij trfldng logistics tai cac do thi tren the gidi. Thi dTfdng giao hdng chang cud'i ndi chung va hoal dpng nay tai cdc dd thj ndi rieng la thi ti-fldng rat liem nang va hd'p dan cho nhflng y tfldng khdi nghiep. Theo bao cdo ciia Technavio. thi trfldng nay loan cdu ndm 2018 dat 1,99 ty USD. cdn rieng lai Bae My da dat 500 trieu USD vd se lien tuc tdng infdng trong giai doan 2020-2024. vdi mtfc tdng infdng kep la l4^r(Busines,swire,2019).
Dtfdi ddy la mgt so' vi du dien hlnh:
• Amazon FLex
Dfldc trien khai ifl nam 2015. AniazonFlex da gilip Amazon ddnh bai ta't ca cdc dd'i thii khde trong nganh qua nhtfng dich vu giao hang nhanh chdng vi du giao hdng trong vdng 1 gid (Amazon Prime Ni>w) \a mien phi giao hang trong vdng 2 gid cho mpt sdsan pha'm. Khi so sdnh cac hang van truyen thong, Amazon Flex dd tap hdp mgt each Iinh hoat tdi \e ban thdi gian giup ndng life giao hang san
Itfdng ldng dpi bien. Ddc biet la trong miia le. khi cac hang van tai truyen thd'ng cd nang Iflc cd'djnh phai md rgng ddi xe ciia minh vd thflc hien quy trinh phtfc tap de tuyen dung nhan vien hodc tim kiem nha thdu tam tiidi. Dieu ndy gay nen sfl cham irl nhat dinh trong giao hdng. lam khdch hang khdng hdi Idng \d danh ma't cd hgi kinh doanh.
Trong khi dd. Amazon ngay lap ttfc cd the md rpng ndng life cua minh qua Amazon Flex vdi nhflng ngtfdi ldi xe da dfldc kie'm duyet vd sdn sdng cho viec giao hang. Trong giai doan iha'p die'm, vi Amazon khong thflc hien cdc hdp dong dai han ma stf dung cdc lai xe ifl crowdsourcing, nen nd cd the de ddng giam so' Ifldng cac tai xe hoat dgng vd trdnh chi phi cd' dinh khong can ihie't.
De canh Iranh vdi Amazon, DHL cung dd tiien khai nen lang crowd logisiics cho phep khach hang tuy y sdp xe'p thdi gian cung nhfl dia diem vdi mflc thu phi to't nhd't cho mdi kien hdng, ddng tbdi bd't cfl ngtfdi nao cung cd the la "nhan vien chuye'n phdt".
• Uber
Ben canh nen tang ke't nd'i van chuyen hdnh khach, Uber da tflng cho ra mat flng dung van chuyen thtfc an - UberEals, flng dung van chuyen - UberRush va thi nghiem md hlnh van lai Uber Freighl vao thdng 9/2016 lai khu vtfc Dallas - My.
Tuy nhien, dich vu nay dd ngtfng hoat ddng ndm 2018.
• DoorDash
DoorDash (https://www.doordash.com/), la mdt start up dtfdc sdng lap bdi cdc sinb vien Stanford Andy Fang, Stanley Tang, Tony Xu va Evan Moore nam 2013 nhdn dtfdc dau WS ra't ldn, hien gia in cdng ty len de'n 13 tS'' USD. Ddy la nen tang cung ca'p dich vu giao do an, ke't nd'i thtfc khdch vdi nhd hang va cdc tdi xe (dasher)(Foilune.com, 2020).
Den nay, Doordash khong chi hoat dgng tai hau khap ta't ca thdnh phd'cua My ma cdn md rgng ra Bae My vd Uc (Reuters. 2019).
• Instacart
Instcart la nen lang "trd ly mua sdm", dfldc dinh gid 7 ty USD (thdng 10/2018), boat dong tai 15.000 ctfa hdng tap hda lai 4.000 thanh phd' vdi khoang 50.000 "trd ly mua sdm"(VCCorp.vn, 2018).
• Lalamove
Lalamove. vdi ten ban dau la EasyVan, la start- up khdi xfldng tfl Hongkong cd gid In vd'n hda dat tren I ty USD. cung cd'p giai phdp lien quan de'n viec vdn chuyen hang hda dfla tren nen tang flng duns cdns nghe. Lalamove da vd dang giai quyel
So 2 - T h d n g 2/2020 111
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bai todn giao van cho hang nghin doanh nghiep lai hdn lOOlhanh phd lai chdu 4 (V1TIC.2019)
Ngoai ra. tren the gidi con rat nhieu cac nen tang crowd logistics khac da va dang khdi xfldng kinh doanh va thu hut dtfdc ra't nhieu vdn tfl cac qu>
ddu Ifl. vdi Ifldng vd'n cho mdi slartup cd khi len ldi hdng trieu LSD.
3.2. Cu hgi vd tinh hinh ffng dung crowd logistics cho hf thdng van tdi liang hoa do thi tgi TP. Hd Ngi
Theo ddnh gid ciia cdc chuyen gia. cd hdi trien khai crowd logistics cho he thd'ng logistics do thi lai TP. Hd Npi la rd't ldn khi ma ngfldi ddn vd cdc cd quan cd tham quyen quan tdm nhieu hdn de'n van de phdl trien ben vtfng. cdc cdng ty thfldng mai \ a logistics da dang va ludn quan Idm de'n vd'n de hieu qua. Nhtfng dac diem sau Id nhffng cd hoi phdl trien lot cho crowd logistics tai TP. Ha Ngi:
(/} Nguon lUc nbdn roi
Tren Ihtfc te. so Itfdng ngtfdi cd cdng viec ttf do vd cd phfldng tien nhan rdi d TP. Ha Npi la kha ldn. sinh vien la mdl phan trong sd'dd. Thflc le'ke ca nhflng ngfldi cd cdng viec on dinh cung cd tiie trd thanh thanh vien cua boat dong giao nhdn cgng ddng (crowd delivery) de tan dung nhflng khdng gian cd the chfla dflng va ndng life chuyen chd hang tren nhtfng qudng dfldng di chuyen hdng ngay cua bo.
(ii) Nhu Cliu Ic'm iff phia clui the kinh doanh vd ngtfdi lieu dung
Lfldng hdng bda can giao hang chang cud'i ldn gia tang vdi td'c dp via bao do:
Sfl biing no' manh me cua thfldng mai dien nl
\ iec mua bdn hang online ngdy cang trd nen pho bien.
Vdi dan so' ldn vd ngay cdng tang nhfl bien nay dac biet la gidi tre. nhu cau van chuyen hang hda phue vu nhtfng chu the kinh doanh online va khach hiding Clia hg.
Trong nhflng ndm gan dd>. d Viet Nam da xua't hien cac nen tang crowd logistics cua cdc cdng tv Viet cung nhfledc congty da quo'c gia \d mang lai nhflng ldi ich Idn cho khach hang ciing \di nguy cd de dga cho cdc cdng ly van tai iruven thdng (nhtfng cdng tv chtfa tan dung nguon Iflc dam ddng. hien dang chie'm thi phan ldn trong giao nhan chang cud'i. nhfl: VNPosi. VieltelPost. Giang hang nhanh.
Giao hang liel kiem , i. Dfldi da\ la mdi so nen tang dien hlnh tai \ iei Nam ndi chung \a TP. Ha Ndi ndiriens:
• AhaMove
AhaMove. mpt slartup Viei. dfldc cho Id nen tang cung cd'p dich vu giao hdng chdng cudi dau tien tai Viet Nam. thdm chi la trtfdc ca Uber hay Grab ve dich vu giao hang, cdc dich \ u chu yeu bao gom: giao hang sieu td'c. sieu re. giao trong 4h. giao hang dong gia, giao do dn. Khach hang stf dung dich vu cua AhaMove id cac shop ban hang online nhd, cdc cfla hang ban do dn, den nhflng hdng Idn nhfl Lazada, Heineken. Masan, The Coffee House.
Hien nay, Ahamove giao binh quan khoang 60,000 ddn hang mdi ngdy va tao thu nhdp cho khoang 20.000 tai xe (Brands Viemam. 2019).
• Grab
Ben canh dich \ u taxi cdng nghe. Grab cung cho ra ddi cdc djch vu giao hang chdng cuo'i qua flng dung Grab Express va GrabFood. Grab cung htfp Idc vdi cdc Irang ihfldng mai dien ttf nhfl Sendo.vn va cdc chli the kinh doanh bdn le nhfl sieu thi Co.opmart.
Thdng 12/2019, Grab dd bat tay vdi Shopee de Chora mdt Giao hang lh Ifl ngay 20.12,2019. Dich vu "Giao hang lb" vfla giup nang cao fl-di nghiem Clia khdch hang vfla mang lai ra'l nhieu ldi ich cho ngtfdi ban, vi du nhfl rut ngdn Ihdi gian giao hang vd giam ly le hiiy ddn (Bao Dau Tfl, 2019).
• Lalamove
Thdng 10/2017, Lalamove (HongKong) chinh thtfc boat dgng lai thi Irtfdng Viet Nam. Mdi day, Lalamove da bat tay vdi EMS de canh tranh vdi Grab tren thi trfldng giao nhan stf dung nguon life cpng dong (crowdsourced delivery).
Ngoai ra, con cd rd'l nhieu nen lang crowd logisiics khde nhfl HeyU, shipVN, shipchung, sapo,., cung dang canh tranh tren lhi trfldng. Doi vdi nhffng hang hda trpng lai Idn hdn, cac san dau than, sdn giao dich ke't nd'i van tai nhfl Smarilog (STX), Sanvanchuyen, Vinatrucking.vn, TADI,...
cung dang cd nhflng trien khai dau tien trong vdng 5 nam trd lai day.
3.4. Nhffng thdch thffc ddt ra
Ben canh nhflng ldi ich nhfl mang lai flai nghiem td't hdn cho khdch hang, thdi sian giao hang nhanh hdn, ly le buy ddn tha'p hdn. ^an dung dfldc nguon Iflc nhan rdi u-ong xa hOi ^,^^ ( ^ j ^ ^^j .^
cho cdc chu tiie kinh doanh thfldn.; ma, dien ttf cung nhtf khach hang, crowd logisiiL .jn. .k--.^--- -.
vdi khong it nhflng kho khan, th;n.ii tbi',
112 So 2-Thdng 2/2020
KINH TE
• Thid'u nilm tin gii7a cac bdn
Nicm tin (Trust) la thach thtfc ldn nhd'l doi vdi niifldi dung cdc n^n tang crowd logistics. Sfl khdng ro rdng (unknown) la ddc diem cd' hiiXi cua nhffng nguon Itfc den tfl cpng dong (Mladenow et al..
2016). De vfldt qua thdch thtfc ndy can cd stf hoat dOng hi?" qti^ cua he tho'ng ddnh gid tin nhiem trifc tuye'n cua cdc nen tang crowd logistics. Nhffng ddnh gid ciia khdch hang ve ngfldi cung cap dich vu cho minh Id dau vdo de ddnh gid lin nhiem dd'i vdi ngfldi cung cd'p dich vu dfldc ket no'i qua nen tang.
Do dd, mgt sd' nen lang da xay dflng he thd'ng tif dpng thong bao, gii'i tin nhdn, hodc goi dien thoai cho khdch hang de Ihu Ihdp y kie'n phan hoi.
• Sij( kha dung, an toan va minh bach cua thong tin giao dich
Khi cd tranh chap xay ra, sfl an loan va minh bach cua nhtfng thdng tin giao dich cung nhfl kha ndng .stf dung nhflng thong tin nay de gidi quye't la dieu md ngfldi dung, nhd'l la nhflng ngfldi cd nhu cau van chuyen hdng hda vdi khd'i Ifldng va gia trj ldn. Trong Uifdng hdp nay, cdng nghe chuoi kho'i (Blockchain) Id mot trong nhtfng giai phdp song hanh de dam bao sfl minh bach, va an todn cua ihong tin. Song song vdi dd cSn cd stf hd ird cua nha mfdc vdi nhtfng quy dinh phap ludt, khung phdp ly rC) rang cho hoal dpng nay.
• Thi&'u siY dong nhdi"! vl am hieu cdng nghe (hdng tin, chS't lfldng va sif chuydn nghidp cua ngflirt cung cS'p dich vu
Mpl trong nhflng thdch thflc doi vdi viec flng dung crowd logisiics Id tnnh dp ve cong nghe cua da so' nhffng ngfldi cd nguon life nhan rdi la chfla cao. Do dd, cdc startup mdi bay doanh nghiep dang kinh doanh nen tdng crowd logistics can cd ke hoaeh phu hdp de ddo tao ngfldi dung (khdch hang
\ii ngfldi cung cd'p djch vu) ve nhflng each tiitfc sfl dung, GPS, hfldng ddn dinh luye'n, xay dflng Id tnnh loi flu,.,. Mdt kbdc, nhffng ngfldi chuyen phat khong chuyen se thieu ky ndng trong viec bao dam stf ngu\en ven. van de htf hai, hdng hdc cua cac kien hang trong qua tiinh van chuyen va doi khi con anh hfldng uy tin ctia chu hang khi de'n tri hen hodc thai dp phue vu khdng lich stf vdi khach hang. Dieu nay c^n CO phtfdng phdp djnh htfdng, ddo tao phu hdp cung nhtf he thd'ng ddnh gia ke't qua tiitfc hien cdng vi6c hidu qud,
• Chi phi giao hang cao
^ Theo (Doian. 2018), mot trong nhffng tiidch thflc Clia crowdsource delivery la chi phi giao hdng tien
mdi ldn giao hdng kha cao do chtfa cd stf phd'i hdp gitfa cdc ddn hdng ma phue vu tiifng khdch hdng ddn le. Dieu nay cung de nhdn thd'y trong each thflc giao hang cua Grab tai Viet Nam hien nay.
• Va'n de tac dOng mdi trfldng
Mac du crowd logistics dd phan nao gidm dfldc tac dpng len mdi trfldng nhutig khong phdi khdng cd nhflng nguy cd ldm Idng d nhiem do khach hang ngdy cang mong muo'n sfl lien ldi cao hdn.
giao hang nhanh hdn yeu cau so' Ifldt. khd'i Itfdng van chuye'n se tang len. Cdc chu the kinh doanh nen tang crowd logistics cung can nghT de'n dieu nay de tim cae giai phap cdt giam phdt thai khi nha kinh len mdi trfldng dd lhi. Mpt so' qud'c gia lien lien dd thflc hien giao hang bang xe dap, phtfdng tien cdng cdng, hodc khong dCing phtfdng tien van tai cho giao hang chang cud'i. Tuy nhien, kha ndng dp dung nhtfng giai phdp ndy tai TP. Hd Ndi hien cdn chfla cao.
Nhiem vu chie'n Itfdc cua nhflng ngfldi kinh doanh dfla tren nen tang crowd logisiics la can phai phdt hien ra nhflng thdch ihflc, rtii ro tiem ndng cd the xay ra va tim each xdy dflng he ihd'ng canb bdo sdm cung nhfledc kich ban de xfl ly khi riil roxay ra.
4. Ke't Iu$n
Crowd logistics, mpt nen tang khai Ihdc Id'i da ngudn Iflc nhdn rdi tfl cgng ddng, dfldc xem nhfl Id thanh vien mdi gia nhap nhflng mang theo md'i nguy cd khdng he nho cbo cac cdng ty cung ca'p dich vu logistics truyen thd'ng trong thj trfldng dich vu logistics (Carbone et al., 2017), Trdn the gidi, cac cdng ty giao nhan truyen thd'ng trong ngdnh cung nhfl cdc stanup da va dang trien khai nhieu giai phdp crowd logisiics. Cd hgi phdl tnen giai phap nay tai TP. Hd Ndi Id rat tiem tang do xu hfldng phat trien Clia ihfldng mai dien tfl, xu htfdng mua hdng online ciia gidi tre (chie'm mpt phan da so' trong dan so' ngdy cdng gia tdng ciia TP. Ha Ndi), cung nhfl stf hd trd tfl nhflng nen tang cong nghe ky thudt so' dang phat trien manh me trong nhtfng nam gan ddy. Tuy nhien, nhtfng thach thflc v§ ngfldi dilng. niem tin. chi phi, va'n de thong tin va lac dpng mdi trfldng se can phai tim dfldc giai phdp td'i flu de crowd logisiics cd the tri^n khai rdng rai vd mang lai hieu qua cho he thd'ng van tai hdng hda, tfl dd ddng gdp vao sfl phdt trien ben vflng cua TP. Ha Npi. Han che cua nghien ctfu nay la gidi han trong boat dgng giao hdng chang cud'i ma chfla khao sat dfldc cdc nen tang hay cdc
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TAP Cll COM; TlirilllG
san ket nSi hoal dpng logiMics B2B cung nhif hoal chung va TP. Ha Noi noi rieng; phan uch hanh vi done van lai hanh lAach. NhSng nghien cifu irong cua cac ben Iham gia crowd logisiics; cung nhiT liron'e lai cii ihc ihiTc hien diiu ira nhiTng thach cac giai phap de vtfdl qua nhtTng Ihach IhKc trong ihtTc ma cac san van tai kel noi B2B phdi doi mat ifng dung crowd logisiics hiTdng tdi sif plial trien tren lhi inTftng logistics do thi tai Viel Nam noi ben v0ng •
Uficaintfn: , , o ar^ 111 Nghien cvlu nay dtU^c lai Ira bdi Trti»itg Bai hoc Bdch khoa Ha NOi Irong tie lii ma so T2018-PC-111
TAI LIf.l THAM KHAO:
;. aio Ditt tu. 12019). Grab bdt tay Shopee tiiett kitai dicit fit "Giito Itittig iit." baadatttu. littpsMaodattlti.vit/srab- l>at-tay'Sltopec-trieti'kltai-dich-vu-giai>-hattg-lh-dII3302.bttttl
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Ngay nhan bai: 12/1/2020
Ngay phd'n bi^n danh gia va siira chu'a: 22/1/2020 Ngdy chd'p nhdn ddng bai: 2/2/2020
Thong lin ldc gid:
TUAN THj Hl/CfNG PHAM MAI CHI
Vif n Kinh te'va Quan ly, Trrfdng Dai hpc Bach khoa Ha NOi
CROWD LOGISTICS SOLUTIONS
FOR URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM:
THE CASE OF HANOI
• TRAN THI HUONG
• PHAM MAI CHI
School of Economics and Management, Honoi University of Science a n d Technology
ABSTRACT:
Crowd logistics is an innovadve solution for logistics and supply chain management. The solution has received much attention in both academia and industry on a global scale. However, it has not been widely implemented m Vietnam in general and in Hanoi in particular. This study investigates current status, opportunities and challenges of the application of crowd logistics in solving the problem of city logistics in general and Hanoi's logistics sector in particular.
Keyword: Crowd logistics, crowdsourcing, urban freight distribution system, city logisiics.
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