Giai phap giam su* dung tien mat trone thanh toan
^ va THI PHcfdNG THgy HOi nhSp kinh t§' qufi'c t§' va srf phat tri§'n manh me cua c6ng nghe da mef ra nhilu ctf h6i va cung khdng it thach thu'c vl srf an toan cua h§ thd'ng thanh toan khdng dung tien mat cho nganh ngSn hang. Thrfc te' nay doi hoi vide nghign crfu giai phap hffu hieu nhkm gop p h i n giam thieu ty trong su" dung tien mat trong thanh toan, han che rui ro cho ng§n hang, bao toan tai san khach hang, cung nhrf dam bao an ninh t i l n te quo'c gia.
THU'C TRANg THANH TOAN KHONG DUNG TIEN MAT 6 VIET NAM
Thanh loan khdng dung tien mat la thanh todn bdng nhifng phUdng tien, nhU:
sec, the thanh todn, hd'i phie'u... de thanh toan tien hang hda, dich vu ma khdng can phai dung tien mat trUc tie'p. Cae phUdng tien nay dai dien eho mdt khdi lUdng lien nha't dinh, ed khd nang quy ddi ra tiln mat. Thanh todn khdng diing tien mat dem lai nhilu ldi ich cho nin kinh td' lln ngudi tidu dung.
Nhan thu'c difde tam quan trong eua viec md rdng thanh toan khdng dilng d i n mat d Viet Nam, Thii tUdng Chinh phli da phd duyet D l an thanh todn khong diing tiln mat giai doan 2006- 2010 va djnh hudng dd'n nam 2020 theo Quyet dinh so' 291/2006/QD-TTg, ngay 29/12/2006. Muc tieu long qudt eiia De dn nay la nham da dang hda dich vu thanh loan, phdt trien ke't cau ha tang thanh todn, day manh Ung dung cdng nghd thanh todn dien tiJ, ehii trpng phdt trien thanh todn khdng diing tiln mat trong khu vifc ndng thdn dd ddp Ung td't hdn nhu eau thanh todn cua nin kinh td', giam ehi phi xd hdi lidn quan dd'n sijf dung tiln mat trong thanh loan, tao sU chuyen bid'n lam thay ddi tap qudn thanh todn trong xd hdi, gdp phan ndng cao hidu qua hoat dgng eiia he thd'ng ngan hang va hieu qua quan ly nha nUdc.
Tid'p dd la Quyd't dinh sd 2545/QD- TTg, ngdy 30/12/2016 cua Thu tUdng Chinh phli phe duyet De dn phdt trien thanh loan khdng dimg tien mat giai doan 2016-2020; Quyet dinh sd 24I/QD-TT^.
ngdy 23/02/2018 phe duyet D l dn day 'TS., TrUdng D?i hpc Hoa Binh
manh thanh loan qua ngan hang dd'i vdi cdc dich vu cdng: thue, dien, nUde, hoc phi, vien phi va ehi tra cac chUdng trinh an sinh xa hdi; Chi thi so 10/CT-TTg, ngay 11/04/2018 vl tang cUdng quan ly cdc hoat ddng lien quan tdi Biteoin va eae loai tien ao tUdng tu. Nhin chung, hdnh lang phdp ly ve ITnh vUe thanh todn dang ngdy cdng hoan thidn, tao dilu kien thuan ldi eho sUphat trien va sit dung eae phUdng tidn va dich vu thanh todn mdi.
Ve phdt trien ke't ca'u ha tang thanh toan phue vu thanh todn khdng dung tien mat, ede ngan hang dd nghidn eUu, Ung dung nhieu cdng nghe, giai phdp mdi, hidn dai vdo hoat dong thanh loan, vdi vide ap dung xae thue sinh trac hoe (xac thue van tay, nhan dien khudn mat), so hda thdng tin the (Tokenization), thanh toan phi tid'p xue (Contaedess payment), giai phdp sif dung didn thoai thdng minh lam thie't bi chd'p nhan thanh loan (mPOS)... Nhifng dich vu suf dung cdng nghe, giai phap mdi nay da nang eao do an loan, bao mat giao dich dem lai sU tien ldi, giam chi phi, dUde ngUdi tieu dung va ede ddn vi cung Ung hdng hda, dich vu ddn nhan tieh cifc. Theo Ngdn hdng Nhd nUdc, tinh de'n cud'i thdng 12/2018, he thd'ng thanh toan dien tur lien ngan hdng da xijf ly khoang 137 tridu giao dieh, vdi gid tri dat khoang hdn 73 trieu ty ddng (Ude tinh gid tri giao dich cao ga'p 13 lan so vdl GDP Viet Nam ndm 2018). Sd'lUdng va gia tri giao dich tang tUdng Ung 25% va 24% so vdi nam 2017.
Ben canh dd, he thd'ng thanh toan bu trU didn tii tif ddng phue vu cdc giao dich thanh toan ban le vdi kha nang thanh todn theo thdi gian thUe, xu' ly giao dich da kenh, da phUdng tien hien dang trong giai doan thif nghiem eud'i cung de dUa vao van hdnh ehinh thUe phuc VII nhu eau ehuyen tien, giao dich thanh todn bdn le, thanh toan ede dich vu tien ich. He thd'ng ATM, POS ciing tie'p tuc dUdc quan tam dau tu, ndng cao cha't lUdng. Tinh de'n cudi thang 12/2018, ea nUde cd khoang 18.580 ATM vd^243.120 POS (Pham Tie'n Dung, 2019)^.
v l phat trien dich vu ihanh toan, viec md va su"
dung tdi khoan ciia ca nhdn tid'p tue tang ldn, dd'n cud'i nam 2018 da dat khoang 79.7 trieu tai khoan ca nhan, tdng 15.3% so vdi eudi nam 2017 (Pham Tid'n Dung,
Etiinomy jind Fiirei;;isl Revi
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BIEG D 6 : TV Lg MGCTCJl DtfCfC HOI TRA LCJl DANG SCf D^NG PHCfdMG THdc THANH TOAM NAO
Dtfn vj ^
2019). Phdt tnen dieh vu tai khoan ed nhan gdp phan thu hut vd'n nhan rdi tU moi tang IdpddneUvd tao dilu kidn md rong dich vu thanh toan khdng diing tiln mat.
So' lieu tif Ngan hang Nha nude cting cho tha'y, nam 2018, Viet Nam da ed tren 76 td chUe eung Ung dieh vu thanh todn trien khai dieh vu thanh todn qua internet va 41 td chUc cung Ung dich vu thanh toan qua dien thoai di ddng, Trong nam 2018, so' lUdng giao dich qua kenh internet la hdn 255 trieu giao dieh, vdi gia tri khoang 16 tridu ty ddng (tdng tUdng Ung 33,6%
va 19,5% so vdi nam 2017); so' lUdng giao dieh qua kenh dien thoai di ddng la hdn 185 trieu giao dieh, vdi gid tri khoang 1,86 tridu ty ddng (tang tUdng Ung 41%
vd 169% so vdi nam 2017).
Thanh todn bang QR Code dUdc nhieu ngdn hang, td ehUe trung gian thanh todn quan tdm xdy dUng, tridn khai gan vdi da'y manh thanh toan qua didn thoai di ddng hop vdi xu the' phat irien tren the gidi va hanh vi ngUdi tidu diing. Dd cd khoang 16 ngan hang trien khai dich vu thanh todn QR Code, toan thi trUdng cd hdn 30.000 diem eha'p nhan thanh toan QR Code.
Dich vu thanh todn the tie'p tuc dUdc cae ngan hang quan tdm phat trien. Dd'n cud'i nam 2018, sd'lUdng the luu hanh dat mUc 97 trieu the (tdng khoang 8,3% so vdi eud'i nam 2017); sd'lUdng giao dieh thanh loan ndi dia qua the ngdn hdng trong nam 2018 dat trdn 292,2 tneu giao dich vdi 592 nghin ty dong (Pham Tien Diing, 2019). Cdc ngdn hang thUdng mai da tieh hdp them nhilu tinh ndng vao the ngan hang de su: dung thanh toan hang hda, dich vu; ddng thdi, ehd't lUdng dieh vu the, eung nhu dp an toan trong thanh todn the dUdc cdc ngan hang ehu trong va nang cao.
Mae du dat dUdc nhieu kd't qua dang ghi nhdn, song mUc dp thanh loan bang lien mat d Viet Nam vdn dang phd bid'n, ty le tien mat trong tdng phUdng tien thanh toan khd cao so vdi nhilu nUdc tren the' gidi. Theo Bdo cao "Thdi dd thanh todn ciia ngUdi tieu dung" do Visa cdng bd, tien mdi van la hinh thUe ngUdi ddn Viet Nam dUde Ua chudng nha't vdi ty le ngUdi tra Idi eho bie't dang dung tien mat de' thanh loan Idnp thdm 20%.
lU 71% ndm 2017 Idn 91% ndm 2018 (Bieu dd).
Nguyen nhan cua nhtJng tdn tai ndy dUdc xac dinh Id do:
ThUnhdt, hanh lang phdp ly trong ITnh vUc thanh lodn didn iiir van chUa hoan thien, mdc dii thdi gian vUa qua da dUde eai thien nhieu, song ehUa dUdc ddnh gid day du vd dong bd. Thanh loan dien tij"
trong thUdng mai dien tu: edn thd'p, nhilu trudng hdp bdn hang_online, nhUng khi thanh todn chu ye'u van bdng d i n mat.
Tha hai, ke't ea'u ha tang va trang thid't bi ky thudt phuc vu cho hoat dong thanh toan cdn kdm hidu qua. Ne'u so vdi cde nUde trong khu vifc, ty Id sd' lUdng mdy ATM trdn dan so ciia Vidt Nam vdn edn thd'p: ty le ATM/IOCOOO ngUdi tnfdng thanh binh quan ciia khu vuc ASEAN nam 2017 la 42,34, trong khi Viet Nam Id 24,44 (Pham Tie'n Dung, 2019).
Hdn nffa, cdc dich vu thanh todn khdng dilng tien mat ehi tap trung phat tridn tai ede dd thi ldn. khu cdng nghiep va khu ehd' xud't. Khdch hang ed the diing the ngan hang nay nit tien d nhieu ngan hdng khae, nhUng phai chiu phi, mang lUdi mdy riit lien tU ddng hay may POS eung rat han chd' do dUde lap dat chu yd'u d khu VLfc thanh phd' va lap trung d ede sieu thi, trung tdm thUdng mai, nhd hang, khach san,,, Trong khi dd, cac dich vu nay d khu vUe ndng thdn, mien mii edn han ehe', gay khd khan cho ehu the khi sijf dung hdng ngdy dan dd'n vide thanh todn bdng tien mat trong nen kinh id' van cdn ldn.
Thff ba, ehi phi phdi hanh the cao.
Chi phi binh qudn phdt hanh 1 the vdo khodng 5USD/the, trong khi chi phi phdt hanh the tren the' gidi khoang 1 USD/
the (LUu Phudc Ven, 2019). Ldi sua't cho vay qua the eao cdng thdm cae khoan phi dich vu theo the, nhU: phi ihudng nidn, phi in sao kd, phi cham thanh todn, phi nit lien mat tai ATM, phi chuyen ddi ngoai te, phi giao dich... khid'n ngUdi su"
dung cdn e ngai.
Tha tu. thdng tin tuyen truyen vl cac hinh thUc thanh loan khdng diing tien mat chua dUde quan ldm, ehii trong.
NhUng mue lieu ehien lUdc, dinh hUdng va cae ehinh sdeh ldn de phdi tnen hoat ddng thanh toan ehua dUdc cdng chung nhan thUc day dii va diing ddn. Vi vay.
khdng ehi ngUdi dan ma ea cae doanh nghiep hieu bid't cdn it hode hieu bid't md hd vl cae dieh vu thanh todn \a phUdng lien thanh lodn khdng diing tiln mdi.
Ngodi ra, thdi quen sij" dung tiln mdi da an sdu vao hanh vi ciia ngUdi tidu diing Viet Nam. Nhieu ngUdi ngan ngai tie'p can vdi loai hinh thanh toan mdi me.
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ddc biet la cdng nghe, dan tdi ngai thay ddi thdi quen truyin thdng thanh todn bdng tien mat. ThU nii*a, dai da sd' ngUdi tieu dCing cdn ed tam ly "ddng tiln di liln khiic ruot", tiln cam trong tay la an todn nha't. Do vay, ho vdn Uu tidn va lUa chon phUdng^thUc giff tien mat hoae gM ngan hang de bao dam an todn hdn la vide giao dieh qua eae kdnh thanh loan hidn dai.
MOT SO GIAI PHAP
De thue day hinh thUe thanh todn khdng diing lien mat d Vidt Nam, thdi gian tdi can ehii irpng nhffng giai phdp chu yd'u sau:
Mdt Id. tie'p tuc nghien eUu, bd sung, hoan thidn hanh lang phdp ly, ed ehe, ehinh saeh de tao thuan ldi cho linh vUc phi ngdn hdng tham gia vdo vide cung ffng dich vu thanh lodn hien dai, phii hdp vdi cac dia ban iff thdnh thi de'n ndng thdn, viing sdu viing xa, trong dd bao gdm vide xay dffng khudn khd phdp ly thff nghiem ed kiem sodt cho ITnh vUe Fintech, edng nghe, md hlnh thanh todn mdi nhff djch vu tdi ehinh so', thanh todn qua di ddng. Ddng thdi, trien khai cd hidu qua Dl an phdt trien thanh todn khdng diing lien mat tai Viet Nam giai doan 2016-2020 theo Quyet dinh sd 2545/QD-TTg va De dn da'y manh thanh todn qua ngdn hdng dd'i vdi viec thu phi cdc dich vu cdng nhff dien, nUdc, hpc phi, vien phi va chi tra cdc chUdng trinh an sinh xa hdi theo Quyd't dinh so' 241/
QD-TTg etia Thu tUdng Chinh phii.
Hai Id, ndng eao tinh an loan, bao mat, bao ve ngUdi tieu diing Irong thanh todn dien iff, thanh todn di ddng. Hoan thien quy trinh xff ly giao dich eiia cdc ngan hdng theo hUdng sd' hda, tU ddng hda, an toan va thuan tien. Kd't hdp giffa
ngan hang va vien thdng trong phdt trien, ffng dung eae phUdng tien va md hinh thanh toan/ehuyen tien hien dai, d l sff dung vd phu hdp vdi dieu kidn eu the (thanh todn qua dien thoai di ddng, ihid't bi ky thuat sd'...) nhdm thuc day Ihanh todn khdng dilng tien mat d nhffng khu vffe ndng thdn, vung sdu, vung xa va ca ddi vdi nhffng dd'i tffdng chffa cd tdi khodn ngdn hang, tren cdsd sff dung mang lffdi sancdcuacdctd ehffc tin dung, mang lffdi bUu didn, mang ludi eiia cdc td chffe cung Ung dich vu trung gian thanh todn, mot sd'td chUc khdng phai ngdn hang khac. Mat khae, can giam sdt cac he thd'ng thanh todn dam bao hoat ddng an loan, hidu qua; tdng cUdng cdng tac dam bao an ninh, an loan trong thanh todn didn tff; gidm sat hoat dpng cdc td ehffe eung d'ng dich vu trung gian thanh todn, dam bao hoat ddng diing quy dinh.
Ba Id, nang cd'p ha tang thanh toan qud'c gia (he thd'ng thanh toan didn tff lien ngdn hang); chi dao trien khai va sdm dUa vao van hanh he thd'ng thanh todn bii trff tff ddng phuc vu ede giao dich ban le (ACH), qua dd thie't lap ha tang thanh todn ban le hien dai, hoat dpng hieu qua, lidn tuc, ddp ffng nhu eau thanh loan nhanh ehdng, an toan, thuan lien vdi chi phi hdp ly ciia ngffdi dan vd doanh nghiep.
Bdn Id, day manh thanh todn the qua ede thie't bi cha'p nhan the tai diem bdn (POS); dp dung cac cdng nghe, phUdng thffe thanh todn hien dai, nhu: QR code, md hda thdng dn the, thanh todn di ddng, thanh loan phi tid'p xiic...
Nam Id, nganh ngan hang can day manh cdng tdc truyen thdng de ngUdi dan tha'y dUdc lien ieh, sU hien dai cua giao dieh ngdn hdng qua ede thie't bi di ddng, gdp phan thuc day manh me thanh toan qua didn thoai, internet. Can giup cho mdi ngudi dan hieu rd nhffng tidn ieh eiia phudng tien thanh loan nay va khi dd ta't ye'u nay sinh nhu eau sff dung. Ngodi ra, gia tri eua ede khoan giao djeh, thanh toan thdng thUdng la rd't thd'p nen can phai nghien cffu nhifng cdng eu va phUdng thffc thanh loan khdng diing tien mdt phii hdp vdi ddc diem nay. Cd nhu vay, nhffng thay ddi nay mdi thUc sU xua't phdt iff nhu eau tU than vd mdi khid'n cho ngUdi dan xda di thdi quen vd tap qudn thanh todn chi tieu cii bang den mdi.Q
TAJLLIE U THAM K H A O _
1. Pham Tie'n Dung (2019). Thiic day thanh loan khdng dung tien mat: Khach hang la trpng tdm, Ddc san Todn cdnh Ngdn hdng Viet Nam 2019
2. Ngan hang Nha nUdc (2019). Tdi lieu Hdi tkdo "Xd kdi khdng lien mat: Chinh sdch vd tkuc tiin tgi Viet Nam", ngay 11/6/2019 tai TP. Ho Chi Mmh
3. Visa (2019). Bdo cdo "Tkdi do tkanh todn cua ngUdi tieu ddng"
4. Le PhUdng (2019), Thank todn khdng diing tiin mdt: Cdn da dgng hda dich vu sdn phdm, truy cdp tff https://www.vietnamplus.vn/lhanh-toan-khong-dung-tien-mat-can-da-dang-hoa-dich- vu-san-pham/557893,vnp
5. LUu Phudc Ven (2019). Phdt triin kogt dgng tkanh todn kkdng dung tiin mat d Viet Nam hien nay. truy cdp Iff htlp://tapchitaiehinh.vn/ngan-hang/phat-trien-hoat-dong-thanh-toan-khong- dung-tien-mat-o-viet-nam-hien-nay-306208.html
Economy and Forecasi Revie
